DE102006059573B3 - Terahertz-radiation radiating or receiving arrangement, has photoconductive antenna with periodic structure having lens array, where focal points of individual lens of array are arranged at surface of semiconductor material between fingers - Google Patents
Terahertz-radiation radiating or receiving arrangement, has photoconductive antenna with periodic structure having lens array, where focal points of individual lens of array are arranged at surface of semiconductor material between fingers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102006059573B3 DE102006059573B3 DE102006059573A DE102006059573A DE102006059573B3 DE 102006059573 B3 DE102006059573 B3 DE 102006059573B3 DE 102006059573 A DE102006059573 A DE 102006059573A DE 102006059573 A DE102006059573 A DE 102006059573A DE 102006059573 B3 DE102006059573 B3 DE 102006059573B3
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- lens array
- terahertz
- antenna
- semiconductor material
- radiation
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
- H01L31/02325—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device the optical elements not being integrated nor being directly associated with the device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur Abstrahlung oder zum Empfang von Terahertz-Strahlung.The The invention relates to an arrangement for radiation or reception of terahertz radiation.
Als
Terahertz-Strahlung wird elektromagnetische Strahlung im Frequenzbereich
von etwa 0,3 bis 100 THz bezeichnet. Da es im Frequenzbereich der Terahertz-Strahlung Molekülschwingungen
unterschiedlicher Substanzen gibt, kann mittels Absorptionsspektroskopie
im Terahertz Bereich die Untersuchung von Substanzen erfolgen und
auch der Nachweis bestimmter chemischer Verbindungen geführt werden.
So können
beispielsweise Objekte im Terahertz Bereich abgebildet werden (siehe
beispielsweise
Es
ist bekannt, dass Terahertz Strahlung mit photoleitenden Antennen
(englisch PCA – photoconductive
antenna) unter Verwendung ultrakurzer Lichtpulse mit Pulsdauern ≤ 1 ps sowohl
erzeugt als auch nachgewiesen werden kann (
Zur Abstrahlung von Terahertz-Strahlung wird an der Antenne eine Spannung angelegt. Dadurch entsteht im Gap der Antenne ein elektrisches Feld, dem die durch den optischen Puls erzeugten freien Ladungsträger folgen. In der Beschleunigungsphase der Ladungsträger wird elektromagnetische Strahlung im Terahertz Bereich emittiert. Wegen der geringen Relaxationszeit der Ladungsträger wird der entstandene elektrische Strom anschließend sehr schnell wieder gestoppt, was dazu führt, dass unerwünschte niederfrequente Strahlung im Gigahertz Bereich nur in sehr geringem Maße entsteht. Zum Nachweis von Terahertz-Strahlung wird an die photoleitende Antenne ein Stromverstärker angeschlossen. Ein Strom ist dann messbar, wenn an der Antenne ein elektrisches Feld der Terahertz-Strahlung anliegt und gleichzeitig der Laserpuls freie Ladungsträger erzeugt.to Radiation of terahertz radiation becomes a voltage on the antenna created. This creates an electric field in the gap of the antenna, which is followed by the free carriers generated by the optical pulse. In the acceleration phase of the charge carrier becomes electromagnetic radiation emitted in the terahertz range. Because of the low relaxation time the charge carrier The resulting electric current is then stopped very quickly, which leads to, that unwanted Low frequency radiation in the gigahertz range only in very low Dimensions arise. To detect terahertz radiation is applied to the photoconductive antenna a power amplifier connected. A current is then measurable when connected to the antenna electric field of terahertz radiation is applied and simultaneously the laser pulse free charge carriers generated.
Zum
Nachweis von Röntgenstrahlung
wurde eine photoleitende interdigitale Fingerstruktur vorgeschlagen
(
Um
das Problem der Auslöschung
kohärenter
Signale in einer Interdigitalstruktur zu lösen, wurde zur Erhöhung der
abgesthlten Terahertz Strahlungsleistung einer photoleitenden Antenne
im Patent
Obwohl bei der Verwendung einer solchen Terahertz-Strahlungsquelle mit Interdigitalstruktur erheblich größere Terahertz-Strahlungsleistungen als mit einer einfachen Dipolantenne erreichbar sind, muss ein mit einer photoleitenden Empfangsantenne ausgestattetes Time-Domain Terahertz-Spektrometer mit einem Lock-in System zur Signalerfassung ausgerüstet werden, um das für eine Messung erforderliche Signal/Rausch-Verhältnis zu erreichen. Auf der Sendeseite ist die erzeugbare Terahertz-Strahlung durch die zur Verfügung stehende Laserleistung begrenzt. Auf der Empfängerseite bildet die Empfindlichkeit der photoleitenden Dipolantenne die Begrenzung der Nachweisempfindlichkeit.Even though when using such a terahertz radiation source with Interdigital structure significantly larger terahertz radiation powers than can be reached with a simple dipole antenna, one must be with a time-domain equipped with a photoconductive receiving antenna Terahertz spectrometers are equipped with a lock-in system for signal acquisition, for that to achieve a measurement required signal-to-noise ratio. On the Transmitter side is the generated terahertz radiation through the to disposal limited laser power limited. On the receiver side forms the sensitivity the photoconductive dipole antenna limiting the detection sensitivity.
In
der Patentschrift
Die
Patentschrift
In
der Druckschrift
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine photoleitende Antenne zur Erzeugung oder zum Empfang von Terahertz-Strahlung anzugeben, die als Sendeantenne eine höhere Terahertz-Strahlungsleistung als eine bekannte großflächige photoleitende Antenne liefert und die beim Einsatz als Empfangsantenne einen größeren Strom als die bekannten photoleitenden Antennen liefert.Of the Invention is based on the object, a photoconductive antenna indicate the generation or reception of terahertz radiation, the transmitting antenna as a higher Terahertz radiation power as a known large-area photoconductive Antenna provides and when used as a receiving antenna, a larger power as the known photoconductive antennas.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Anordnung zur Abstrahlung oder zum Empfang von Terahertz-Strahlung unter Verwendung einer photoleitenden Antenne mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Den Erfindungsanspruch vorteilhaft weiterbildende Merkmale sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die Ausführungsbeispiele mit den dazugehörigen Abbildungen.According to the invention this Task by the arrangement for radiation or for the reception of Terahertz radiation using a photoconductive antenna solved with the features of claim 1. The invention claim advantageous Further features are the subject of the dependent claims and the description with reference to the embodiments with the accompanying drawings.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The Invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two embodiments.
In den zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigenIn the associated Drawings show
Über der
photoleitenden Antenne
Wird
die Anordnung zur Abstrahlung von Terahertz-Strahlung eingesetzt,
so ergeben sich gegenüber
dem Stand der Technik folgende Vorteile:
Erstens wird der Großteil der
Laserstrahlung
First, the bulk of the laser radiation
Zweitens ergibt sich durch die Fokussierung der Laserstrahlung mit dem Linsenarray eine größere Leistungsdichte als bei einer homogenen Bestrahlung der Antenne. Da die abgestrahlte Terahertz-Leistung proportional zum Quadrat der Intensität der Laserstrahlung ist (siehe z.B. Optics Letters, Vol. 31, No 10, 2006 Seiten 1546–1548), wird die Effizienz der Erzeugung der Terahertz-Strahlung, bezogen auf die zur Verfügung stehende Laserleistung mindestens um eine Größenordnung gesteigert.Secondly results from the focusing of the laser radiation with the lens array a greater power density as with a homogeneous irradiation of the antenna. Because the radiated Terahertz power proportional to the square of the intensity of the laser radiation (see, e.g., Optics Letters, Vol. 31, No 10, 2006, pages 1546-1548), is the efficiency of generation of terahertz radiation, based on the available Laser power increased by at least an order of magnitude.
Wird
die Anordnung zum Empfang von Terahertz-Strahlung eingesetzt, so
ergibt sich gegenüber dem
Stand der Technik mit einer photoleitenden Dipolantenne ein größeres Signal.
Eine dem Stand der Technik entsprechende photoleitende Antenne besitzt
eine laterale Ausdehnung I von einer halben (Vakuum)-Wellenlänge λ dividiert
durch die Brechzahl n des Halbleitermaterials
Bei
einer typischen numerischen Apertur NA von 0,5 ergibt sich für den beugungsbegrenzten
Fokusdurchmesser d der Terahertz-Strahlung etwa eine Wellenlänge λ. Für das Verhältnis V
der Empfängerfläche einer
photoleitenden Dipolantenne zur beugungsbegrenzten Fokusfläche der
Terahertzstrahlung ergibt sich mit n 3,5:
Da der Empfängerstrom proportional zur Antennenfläche ist, empfängt die Dipolantenne nur den Bruchteil V des zur Verfügung stehenden Terahertz-Signals.There the receiver current proportional to the antenna surface is, receives the dipole antenna only the fraction V of the available Terahertz signal.
Durch den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung kann die wirksame Antennenfläche der Spotgröße der Terahertz-Strahlung angepasst werden, so dass das zur Verfügung stehende Terahertz-Signal vollständig erfasst wird. In einem Terahertz-Spektrometer mit photoleitender Sende- und Empfangsantenne kann durch den Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne sowohl auf der Sender- als auch auf der Empfängerseite jeweils etwa eine Größenordnung an Leistung gegenüber den bisher bekannten photoleitenden Antennen gewonnen werden. Dadurch kann das Signal/Rausch-Verhältnis des Terahertz-Spektrometers um etwa zwei Größenordnungen verbessert werden.By the use of the arrangement according to the invention can be the effective antenna surface the spot size of the terahertz radiation be adjusted so that the available terahertz signal Completely is detected. In a terahertz spectrometer with photoconductive Transmitting and receiving antenna can by the use of the antenna according to the invention both on the transmitter and on the receiver side each about one Magnitude in terms of performance the previously known photoconductive antennas are obtained. Thereby can the signal-to-noise ratio of the Terahertz spectrometer can be improved by about two orders of magnitude.
Gegenüber der
ersten Ausführungsform
besitzt diese Anordnung den Vorteil, dass das Zylinderlinsenarray
Eine
weitere Ausführungsform
der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung
besteht aus einer Modifikation des Linsenarrays
Eine
weitere Ausführungsform
der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung
besteht darin, dass das Linsenarray
Des
weiteren kann es vorteilhaft sein, dass die photoleitende Antenne
Aufstellung der BezugszeichenList of reference signs
- 11
- photoleitende Antennephotoconductive antenna
- 22
- HalbleitermaterialSemiconductor material
- 33
- interdigitale Fingerstrukturinterdigital finger structure
- 44
- Laserlichtlaser light
- 55
- Fingerfinger
- 66
- Elektrodenelectrodes
- 77
- Abstand der Elektrodendistance the electrodes
- 88th
- Linsenarraylens array
- 99
- transparente Plattetransparent plate
- 1010
- Zylinderlinsencylindrical lenses
- 1111
- Brennlinienfocal lines
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102006059573A DE102006059573B3 (en) | 2006-12-16 | 2006-12-16 | Terahertz-radiation radiating or receiving arrangement, has photoconductive antenna with periodic structure having lens array, where focal points of individual lens of array are arranged at surface of semiconductor material between fingers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006059573A DE102006059573B3 (en) | 2006-12-16 | 2006-12-16 | Terahertz-radiation radiating or receiving arrangement, has photoconductive antenna with periodic structure having lens array, where focal points of individual lens of array are arranged at surface of semiconductor material between fingers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102006059573B3 true DE102006059573B3 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
Family
ID=38989863
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DE102006059573A Active DE102006059573B3 (en) | 2006-12-16 | 2006-12-16 | Terahertz-radiation radiating or receiving arrangement, has photoconductive antenna with periodic structure having lens array, where focal points of individual lens of array are arranged at surface of semiconductor material between fingers |
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008031751B3 (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2009-08-06 | Batop Gmbh | Photo-conductive antenna for material analysis in terahertz spectral range, has lens array comprising flat-convex lenses, whose focal points are found at surface between beginnings of spiral arms in center of antenna rows |
DE102009000823B3 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2010-04-15 | Gesellschaft für angewandte Mikro- und Optoelektronik mit beschränkter Haftung - AMO GmbH | Photoconductive measuring tip, measuring setup and use of the photoconductive measuring tip and / or the measuring setup |
WO2012057710A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | THz PHOTOMIXER EMITTER AND METHOD |
DE102011015384A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Batop Gmbh | Photoconductive antenna array for receiving terahertz radiation in terahertz spectrometer for determining e.g. material thickness of objects, has dipoles whose signals are amplified such that signals form measure for course of radiation |
DE102012010926A1 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-05 | Amo Gmbh | Photoconductive structure e.g. radiation source, for optical generation of field signals in terahertz- frequency range in bio analysis, has metallic layers formed from locations and provided in direct contact with semiconductor material |
CN105890769A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Terahertz focal plane array and design method thereof |
WO2017023172A1 (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Photoconductive antenna array |
DE102016116900B3 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-11-16 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf E.V. | THz antenna and device for transmitting and / or receiving THz radiation |
JP2017212569A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-11-30 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | Antenna, sensor, and on-vehicle system |
DE102016011383A1 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2018-03-22 | Batop Gmbh | Photoconductive antenna for generating or receiving terahertz radiation |
CN109546359A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-29 | 北京神舟博远科技有限公司 | A kind of directional diagram reconstructable phased array antenna system based on 3D printing |
CN113767532A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-12-07 | 赫尔穆特费舍尔股份有限公司电子及测量技术研究所 | Device for emitting and/or receiving terahertz radiation and use thereof |
WO2022141713A1 (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-07-07 | 上海升景照明有限公司 | Led waterproof module for luminous sign and application of led waterproof module |
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Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102008031751B3 (en) * | 2008-07-04 | 2009-08-06 | Batop Gmbh | Photo-conductive antenna for material analysis in terahertz spectral range, has lens array comprising flat-convex lenses, whose focal points are found at surface between beginnings of spiral arms in center of antenna rows |
DE102009000823B3 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2010-04-15 | Gesellschaft für angewandte Mikro- und Optoelektronik mit beschränkter Haftung - AMO GmbH | Photoconductive measuring tip, measuring setup and use of the photoconductive measuring tip and / or the measuring setup |
US9935355B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2018-04-03 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | THz photomixer emitter and method |
WO2012057710A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-05-03 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | THz PHOTOMIXER EMITTER AND METHOD |
DE102011015384A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Batop Gmbh | Photoconductive antenna array for receiving terahertz radiation in terahertz spectrometer for determining e.g. material thickness of objects, has dipoles whose signals are amplified such that signals form measure for course of radiation |
DE102011015384B4 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2014-03-06 | Batop Gmbh | Photoconductive antenna array for receiving pulsed terahertz radiation |
DE102012010926A1 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2013-12-05 | Amo Gmbh | Photoconductive structure e.g. radiation source, for optical generation of field signals in terahertz- frequency range in bio analysis, has metallic layers formed from locations and provided in direct contact with semiconductor material |
WO2017023172A1 (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Photoconductive antenna array |
NL2015262B1 (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-20 | Univ Delft Tech | Photoconductive antenna array. |
US10892548B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2021-01-12 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Photoconductive antenna array |
CN105890769A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Terahertz focal plane array and design method thereof |
CN105890769B (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-08-06 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | The design method of Terahertz focal plane arrays (FPA) |
EP3467939A4 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2020-01-15 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Antenna, sensor, and on-vehicle system |
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WO2017203762A1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-11-30 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | Antenna, sensor, and on-vehicle system |
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