DE102005040485B4 - Switching device for a manual transmission and method for producing such a switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

Shifting device (1), comprising: - a shift fork (3) guided by a fork rod (2) in the axial direction of the fork rod (2), - an operating lever (4) extending from the fork rod (2) in the axial direction is guided, - a movable member (7) which is movable in the axial direction and restricted in its movement to the one side in the axial direction relative to the shift fork (3), - a restriction member (8), which is provided on the movable part (7) and limits the movement of the operating lever (4) to the other side in the axial direction, - a first elastic part (9, 109) connected between the shift fork (3) and the operating lever (3) 4) is interposed to bias the operating lever (4) to the other side, - a second elastic member (11, 111) interposed between the shift fork (3) and the movable member (7) to move the operating lever (4) 4) via the movable part (7) to the one - a fork main body (5) which is attached to the shift fork (3) on one side; and - an extension (6) formed on the shift fork (3) and extending from the fork main body (5) to the other side, - wherein the first elastic member (9, 109) between the operating lever (4) and the Fork main body (5) is interposed, and wherein the second elastic member (11, 111) between the operating lever (4) and one side of the extension (6) is interposed on the other side, - wherein the extension (6) formed as a cylinder is, which covers the fork rod (2) and is inserted through the operating lever (4).

Description

The invention relates to a switching device for a manual transmission to move a shift fork, which is guided by a fork bar in an axial direction. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a switching device.

In conventional transmissions of automobiles or the like, it is common to shift the gears by leading a shift fork in an axial direction with a fork bar, wherein a coupling sleeve is moved by the shift fork to connect the coupling sleeve with a synchronized gear. To account for the tendency for higher output power motors to be available and to reduce the amount of force required to perform a shift, one type of transmission interposes a timing ring between the clutch sleeve and the synchronized gear.

When the coupling sleeve is moved in the transmission, so inclined surfaces of the coupling sleeve and the synchronization ring are brought into contact with each other. Subsequently, a friction torque is generated between the synchronization ring and the synchronized gear, so that the coupling sleeve and the synchronized gear is synchronized with each other.

Since the respective chamfers are brought into contact with each other at the time of a switching operation, there is a risk that the inclined surfaces will be damaged in the event that an excessive force is exerted on the shift fork, for example by a switching error or the like. In particular, when the shift fork is not manually operated by an operator, but by an actuator, it can be assumed that an excessive force can be exerted on the shift fork, namely, if the actuator forcibly continues its action on the shift fork, until the Shift fork is moved by a predetermined amount.

In JP H08-61 487 A a switching device is specified, in which a spring member between an actuating lever of the actuator and the shift fork is interposed therebetween. In the switching device, a shift fork and a rod are integrated with each other, wherein it is ensured that the actuating lever of the actuator is in sliding engagement with the rod, wherein spring elements are provided on both sides of the actuating lever in the axial direction.

In the conventional device, the spring members are interposed between flanges formed on the rod in such a manner as to protrude therefrom and the operating lever, respectively, being wound around the rod to bias the operating lever.

However, in the switching device, since the biasing forces of both spring elements act on the operating lever when the shift fork is moved in one of the axial directions, it is difficult to regulate a resistance force acting on the operating lever in one direction or the other.

Further, since a neutral position of the operating lever is provided in a position in which the biasing forces of the respective spring elements are balanced, the problem arises that the neutral position of the operating lever is not exactly predetermined.

Furthermore occur at the time of installation of the switching device problems. Namely, the respective spring members and the operating lever must be disposed between the two flanges formed on the rod in such a manner as to protrude therefrom.

Namely, when, for example, the rod is constructed to be divided in the axial direction so that divided portions of the rod are assembled after the respective spring members and the operating lever have been mounted thereto, this results in a complicated construction and increase in the size Man-hours in production; this entails the problem that manufacturing costs increase.

Furthermore, the concerns US 4 529 080 A a switching device with a shift fork and an actuator with actuating pin, which are guided by a fork bar in the axial direction. Further, the switch means comprises a movable part, a restriction member, a first elastic member and a second elastic member, the movable member also being movable in the axial direction and restricted in its movement toward a side in the axial direction relative to the shift fork has. The restriction member is provided on the movable member and limits the movement of the actuator with actuating pin to the other side in the axial direction. The elastic member is further interposed between the shift fork and the operating member, and the second elastic member is interposed between the shift fork and the movable member, the first elastic member biases the actuator to the other side and the second elastic member biases the actuator to the one side.

In addition, in the US 4,449,416 A a shift device with two shift forks, which are slidably mounted on a guide rail which extends parallel to the input and output shafts of a transmission. In this case, the shift forks each shift fork sleeve areas over which the shift forks are slidably mounted on the shift fork guide rail. Further, each of the shift forks has a pair of spaced shift fork drive protrusions projecting from the respective sleeve portions. The drive projections have holes in which a shift screw is arranged, wherein a drive element is attached to the drive screw. Further, two biasing springs are provided on both sides of the driving member.

In addition, the describes JP S55-163 365 A another switching device with a shift fork. There, a first end of the shift fork is connected to a connection sleeve which is connected to a hub with a main shaft. The second end of the shift fork is slidably connected to a shift fork block in a sleeve-shaped attachment portion via a spring.

The invention has for its object to provide a switching device of the type mentioned, which can be produced with less effort and nevertheless forms a reliable construction during operation. Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing such a switching device.

The object is achieved by means of a switching device according to claim 1 and by means of a method according to claim 6. Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims.

In the following some aspects of the invention with their advantages are mentioned.

The switching device according to the invention has the advantage that a resistance force can be regulated in a simple manner, which acts on the actuating lever when the shift fork is moved in one of the axial directions, at the same time a wear of the inclined surfaces of the coupling sleeve and the synchronization rings is avoided, the otherwise occurs when performing a shift or gear change. Furthermore, the neutral position of the actuating lever can be specified exactly. Another advantage of the switching device according to the invention is that it can be produced with a manufacturing process that facilitates the assembly of the components that are attached to the fork bar.

• eine Schaltgabel, die von einer Gabelstange in der axialen Richtung der Gabelstange geführt ist;
• einen Betätigungshebel, der von der Gabelstange in der axialen Richtung geführt ist; ein bewegliches Teil, das in der axialen Richtung bewegbar ist und in seiner Bewegung zu der einen Seite in der axialen Richtung relativ zu der Schaltgabel eingeschränkt ist;
• ein Begrenzungsteil, das an dem beweglichen Teil vorgesehen ist und die Bewegung des Betätigungshebels zu der anderen Seite in der axialen Richtung begrenzt;
• ein erstes elastisches Teil, das zwischen die Schaltgabel und den Betätigungshebel dazwischengesetzt ist, um den Betätigungshebel zu der anderen Seite hin vorzuspannen;
• ein zweites elastisches Teil, das zwischen die Schaltgabel und das bewegliche Teil dazwischengesetzt ist, um den Betätigungshebel über das bewegliche Teil zu der einen Seite hin vorzuspannen; einen Gabelhauptkörper, der an der Schaltgabel an der einen Seite angebracht ist; und eine Verlängerung, die an der Schaltgabel ausgebildet ist und sich von dem Gabelhauptkörper zu der anderen Seite erstreckt, wobei das erste elastische Teil zwischen dem Betätigungshebel und dem Gabelhauptkörper dazwischengesetzt ist, und wobei das zweite elastische Teil zwischen dem Betätigungshebel und einer Seite der Verlängerung an der anderen Seite dazwischen-gesetzt ist, wobei die Verlängerung als Zylinder ausgebildet ist, der die Gabelstange überdeckt und durch den Betätigungshebel hindurch eingesetzt ist..

According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a switching device comprising:

• a shift fork which is guided by a fork bar in the axial direction of the fork rod;
• an operating lever which is guided by the fork bar in the axial direction; a movable member which is movable in the axial direction and restricted in its movement to the one side in the axial direction relative to the shift fork;
• a restriction member provided on the movable member and restricting the movement of the operation lever to the other side in the axial direction;
• a first elastic member interposed between the shift fork and the operation lever to bias the operation lever toward the other side;
• a second elastic member interposed between the shift fork and the movable member to bias the operating lever toward the one side via the movable member; a fork main body attached to the shift fork on one side; and an extension formed on the shift fork and extending from the fork main body to the other side, the first elastic member being interposed between the operating lever and the fork main body, and the second elastic member interposed between the operating lever and a side of the extension the other side is set in between, wherein the extension is designed as a cylinder which covers the fork rod and is inserted through the operating lever.

In such an embodiment, when the shift fork is in the neutral position with no force being applied to the operation lever, the movable part is restricted in its movement to the one side in the axial direction in such a state because the movable part of the second elastic part is biased. In addition, the operating lever is limited in its movement to the other side in the axial direction, by the limiting part of the movable member in such a state in which the operating lever is biased to the other side in the axial direction by the first elastic member.

As a result, the neutral position of the operating lever is predetermined in a singular manner as a position in which the movable part is located within its moving range in a position closest to the one side in the axial direction, and the operating lever is in its movement bounded to the other side in the axial direction by the limiting part.

When, from this state, a force is applied to the operating lever in a direction toward the one side in the axial direction, the shift fork is guided by the fork bar so as to move to the one side in the axial direction.

When this happens and when the force applied to the operating lever is less than the biasing force of the first elastic member, the first elastic member is never deformed, and the shift fork is moved without any change in the relative position between the operating lever and the shift fork.

However, in the event that the force exerted by the operating lever is greater than the biasing force of the first elastic member, the first elastic member is deformed; thereby allowing the operating lever to move relative to the shift fork by a value equal to the deformation value of the first elastic member. It should be noted that the second elastic member is not deformed in any case in connection with the movement of the operating lever to the one side.

On the other hand, when a force is applied to the operating lever in a direction toward the other side, the shift fork is guided by the fork bar so as to move to the other side. When this occurs and the force exerted on the operating lever is less than the biasing force of the second elastic member, the shift fork is moved without any change in the relative position between the operating lever and the shift fork.

In the case that the force applied to the operating lever is greater than the biasing force of the second elastic member, the second elastic member is deformed, and thereby the movable member moves relative to the shift fork.

In such a case, since the operating lever and the movable member move integrally, the operating lever can move relative to the shift fork. It should be noted that the first elastic member is never deformed in the axial direction in association with the movement of the operating lever to the other side.

Thus, when the operation lever moves to the one side in the axial direction, the first elastic member is deformed independently, while when the operation lever is moved to the other side in the axial direction, the second elastic member becomes in deformed independently.

As a result, a resistance force exerted on the operation lever when the operation lever is moved to the one side is regulated by the biasing force of the first elastic member applied to the operation lever when the operation lever is in the neutral position , And the modulus of elasticity of the first elastic member are set in a suitable manner.

Similarly, a resistance force exerted on the operating lever when the operating lever is moved to the other side is regulated by the biasing force of the second elastic member applied to the operating lever when the operating lever is applied when the operating lever Operating lever is in its neutral position, and the modulus of elasticity of the second elastic member are given in an appropriate manner.

When the shift fork is moved to the one side so that a clutch sleeve is connected to a synchronized gear, a shift or gear change is realized according to a first gear ratio or a reduction ratio, while when the shift fork is moved to the other side, so that the coupling sleeve is connected to a synchronized gear, a switching operation or a gear change according to a second transmission ratio or reduction ratio is realized.

When this situation occurs and when a force greater than the biasing force of the first elastic member or the second elastic member is exerted on the operating lever, the operating lever is moved relative to the shift fork. As a result, a force is applied, which is applied between the inclined surfaces of the coupling sleeve and the synchronization ring to prevent damage to the inclined surfaces or bevels.

It should be noted that the actuating lever can be manually operated by an operator in a manual switching device, wherein the actuating lever Alternatively, it can also be actuated by an actuator in an automatic switching device.

In the switching device according to the invention, since the extension on the shift fork is formed to extend from the fork main body to the other side, and since the first elastic member and the second elastic member are provided on both sides of the operation lever in the axial direction Thus, the fork main body, the operating lever and the region of the extension on the other side are aligned in the direction in which the respective elastic bodies expand and contract. Thus, the application of elastic forces is facilitated and a relatively simple construction can be used.

According to another aspect of the invention, the first elastic member and the second elastic member may each comprise spring members wound around the extension.

According to another aspect of the invention, the biasing forces of the spring elements are applied to the operating lever around the fork bar. Since the operating lever is guided by the fork bar in the axial direction, the operating lever is not affected in any way by the spring members, so that the operating lever can be smoothly and smoothly operated.

If the spring elements are provided along the fork rod, this is advantageous in terms of space utilization. Further, since the fork rod only needs to be inserted through the spring members, the arrangement of the spring members on the fork rod is simple and easy to realize.

According to a further aspect of the invention it is provided that the extension is designed in the form of a cylinder which covers the fork rod and which is inserted through the actuating lever.

Since, in such an embodiment according to the invention, the extension of the shift fork along the fork bar is provided, this is advantageous in terms of space utilization.

In development of the device according to the invention it is provided that the movable part may be formed as a substantially cylindrical collar, which covers the extension on one side and is inserted through the actuating lever.

Further, the switching device according to the invention may comprise a shift fork snap ring, which is formed so that it is locked to the extension on the other side. In this case, the second elastic part may be interposed between the shift fork snap ring and the collar.

In a further development of the switching device according to the invention it is provided that the actuating lever and the first elastic member are engaged with the collar, that one side of the second elastic member is supported on the other side in the axial direction of the shift fork snap ring, and that the collar is biased to one side of the second elastic member. Thereby, the operating lever can be biased in an exact manner to one side.

In the manufacture of the indexing device, first, the operating lever and the first elastic member are assembled on the collar, the collar and the second elastic member are placed on the extension of the shift fork in sequence in the order indicated from the other side in the axial direction, and the shift fork snap ring is locked to the extension.

This results in a state in which all components, apart from the fork rod, are assembled on the shift fork. In this case, the assembly process is greatly simplified because the respective components can be mounted on the extension of the shift fork from the other side. The manufacture of the switching device is completed when the shift fork with the components mounted thereon is mounted on the fork bar.

In a further development of the switching device according to the invention it is provided that plate parts are installed, which are each placed on the fork rod. These plate members are attached to the shift fork snap ring on one side and to the collar on the other side, respectively. The shift fork snap ring and the collar can be biased by the second elastic member by means of the respective plate members.

If in the switching device, a radially outwardly projecting part of the shift fork snap ring on the extension of the shift fork has a smaller value than the corresponding radial dimension of the second elastic member, then the second elastic member of the shift fork snap ring can not be accurately locked. However, it is easily possible for the second elastic member to be accurately positioned and locked when interposing the mentioned plate member.

In the event that a radially outwardly projecting portion of the collar, with the second elastic member is in contact, on the other side of the covenant not sufficiently forms a support, the biasing force of the second elastic member may not be accurately transferred to the federal government. However, it is easily possible to accurately transfer the biasing force of the second elastic member to the collar when interposing a plate member of the above type.

If, in a further development of the switching device according to the invention, the respective plate parts are interposed and adjacent to the second elastic part, there is no danger that the second elastic part slides on the shift fork snap ring or the federal government. This makes it possible to ensure the reliability of the switching device during operation.

In a further development of the switching device according to the invention it is provided that the limiting part can be formed as a collar snap ring which is locked to the collar on the other side. Further, the first elastic member may be interposed between the operating lever and the fork main body.

In the shifting device according to the invention, one side of the operating lever on the other side may be axially limited by the snap ring, and the operating lever and the fork main body may be respectively biased by the first elastic member in directions in which the operating lever and the fork main body be spaced apart. This allows the operating lever to be biased exactly to the other side.

Further, a flange member may be formed at an axial end of the collar so as to extend radially outward from the collar to restrict the movement of the first elastic member toward the one side. As a result, at the time of manufacture of the switch means, a state is established in which the first elastic member and the snap ring are mounted on the collar by placing the first elastic member from the other side on the collar and locking the collar snap ring on the collar. This makes it possible to further simplify the assembly process.

• eine Schaltgabel, die von einer Gabelstange in der axialen Richtung der Gabelstange geführt ist;
• einen Betätigungshebel, der von der Gabelstange in der axialen Richtung geführt ist; einen Gabelhauptkörper, der an der Schaltgabel an der einen Seite in der axialen Richtung vorgesehen ist;
• eine zylindrische Verlängerung, die an der Schaltgabel ausgebildet ist und sich von dem Gabelhauptkörper aus zu der anderen Seite in der axialen Richtung erstreckt, die Gabelstange überdeckt und durch den Betätigungshebel hindurch eingesetzt ist;
• ein bewegliches Teil, das in der axialen Richtung bewegbar ist und in seiner Bewegung zu der einen Seite hin relativ zu der Schaltgabel begrenzt ist;
• ein Begrenzungsteil, das an dem beweglichen Teil vorgesehen ist und die Bewegung des Betätigungshebels zu der anderen Seite hin begrenzt;
• ein erstes Federteil, das um die Verlängerung herum gewickelt und zwischen dem Betätigungshebel und dem Gabelhauptkörper angeordnet ist, so dass es den Betätigungshebel zu der anderen Seite hin vorspannt; und ein zweites Federteil, das um die Verlängerung herum gewickelt und zwischen dem Betätigungshebel und einer Seite der Verlängerung an der anderen Seite angeordnet ist, so dass es den Betätigungshebel zu der einen Seite hin vorspannt,
• wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte aufweist:
• das bewegliche Teil, das erste Federteil, der Betätigungshebel und das zweite Federteil werden auf die Verlängerung von der anderen Seite montiert, um eine Schaltgabeleinheit zu bilden;
• die Schaltgabeleinheit wird auf der Gabelstange (2) montiert.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a method for producing a switching device is specified, which has the following:

• a shift fork which is guided by a fork bar in the axial direction of the fork rod;
• an operating lever which is guided by the fork bar in the axial direction; a fork main body provided on the shift fork on the one side in the axial direction;
• a cylindrical extension formed on the shift fork and extending from the fork main body to the other side in the axial direction, covering the fork rod and inserted through the operation lever;
• a movable member which is movable in the axial direction and is limited in its movement to the one side relative to the shift fork;
• a restriction member provided on the movable member and restricting the movement of the operation lever toward the other side;
• a first spring member, which is wound around the extension and disposed between the operating lever and the fork main body so as to bias the operating lever to the other side; and a second spring member, which is wound around the extension and disposed between the operating lever and one side of the extension on the other side so as to bias the operating lever to the one side,
• the method comprising the steps of:
• the movable part, the first spring part, the operating lever and the second spring part are mounted on the extension from the other side to form a shift fork unit;
• the shift fork assembly is mounted on the fork bar (2).

Since the movable part, the first spring part, the operating lever and the second spring part are provided so as to be mounted on the shift fork from the other side, these components need only be mounted in sequence on the extension from the other side, in a state in which the shift fork is fixed. This makes it possible to perform the assembly process easily and yet reliable.

Since the shift fork is mounted on the fork bar after all other components have been assembled on the shift fork, the assembly process can be further simplified in this respect. Furthermore, thus prepared shift forks can be handled as modules in which the respective components have already been assembled in manufacturing factories or the like. This is particularly advantageous in the practical implementation.

In a further development of the manufacturing method according to the invention it is provided that a movable part is used, which may be a substantially cylindrical collar which covers the extension on one side, wherein the limiting part may be a collar snap ring which locks on the other side of the collar is.

According to a further feature of the manufacturing method according to the invention, it is provided that the first spring part, the operating lever and the delimiting part are mounted on the movable part successively in the order indicated from the other side to form a movable unit.

According to the invention, the first spring member and the operating lever are sequentially mounted in the indicated order from the other side in the axial direction on the collar. Subsequently, the collar snap ring is fitted to the collar from the other side in the axial direction, and the collar snap ring mounted in this manner is then inserted to move against the biasing force of the first spring member against the one side. Then, when the collar snap ring reaches a corresponding groove in the collar, the collar snap ring is fitted and fixed in this groove, so that the movable unit is completed.

When the collar snap ring is inserted into the corresponding groove against the biasing force of the first spring member, the respective components of the construction of the movable unit are fully assembled without disengagement being possible.

Since the assembly of the movable unit is completed by the single operation in which the snap ring is fitted and fixed in the groove, an increase in the assembly man-hour can be prevented. Thus, the production costs can be reduced in an advantageous manner.

In the switching device according to the invention, the resistance force exerted on the operating lever when the shift fork moves axially in one or the other direction can be easily regulated. At the same time wear of the inclined surfaces of the coupling sleeve and the synchronization ring can be avoided during a shift or gear change. This makes it possible, on the one hand to avoid wear and on the other hand to specify the neutral position of the operating lever exactly.

As can be seen from the above, it is possible with the switching device according to the invention to perform the assembly process of the component on the fork bar in a simple manner, without the reliability of the switching device is impaired in operation in any way.

• 1 eine Seitenansicht im Schnitt einer Schalteinrichtung für ein Schaltgetriebe;
• 2 eine Vorderansicht der Schalteinrichtung;
• 3 eine teilweise auseinandergezogene Seitenansicht im Schnitt zur Erläuterung der Schalteinrichtung;
• 4 eine Seitenansicht im Schnitt der Schalteinrichtung zur Erläuterung des Zustandes, in welchem eine bewegliche Einheit auf einer Schaltgabel montiert ist;
• 5 eine teilweise auseinandergezogene Seitenansicht im Schnitt zur Erläuterung der Schalteinrichtung;
• 6 eine Seitenansicht im Schnitt der Schalteinrichtung in einem Zustand, in welchem ihre Bestandteile, abgesehen von einer Gabelstange, auf der Schaltgabel installiert sind;
• 7 eine Darstellung zur Erläuterung eines Zustandes, in welchem eine erste Schraubenfeder aufgrund einer Belastung deformiert ist, die von einem Betätigungshebel zu der einen Seite hin in axialer Richtung aufgebracht wird;
• 8 eine Darstellung zur Erläuterung eines Zustandes, in welchem eine zweite Schraubenfeder aufgrund einer Belastung deformiert ist, die auf den Betätigungshebel zu der anderen Seite hin in axialer Richtung aufgebracht wird;
• 9 eine Seitenansicht im Schnitt zur Erläuterung einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform der Schalteinrichtung;
• 10 eine Darstellung zur Erläuterung eines Zustandes, in welchem eine kegelförmige Tellerfeder aufgrund einer Belastung deformiert ist, die auf den Betätigungshebel zu der einen Seite hin in axialer Richtung hin aufgebracht wird; und in
• 11 eine Darstellung zur Erläuterung eines Zustandes, in welchem eine kegelförmige Tellerfeder aufgrund einer Belastung deformiert ist, die auf den Betätigungshebel zu der anderen Seite hin in axialer Richtung hin aufgebracht wird.

The invention will be explained below, also with regard to further features and advantages, based on the description of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show in

• 1 a side view in section of a switching device for a manual transmission;
• 2 a front view of the switching device;
• 3 a partially exploded side view in section to explain the switching device;
• 4 a side view in section of the switching device for explaining the state in which a movable unit is mounted on a shift fork;
• 5 a partially exploded side view in section to explain the switching device;
• 6 a side view in section of the switching device in a state in which its components, except for a fork rod, are installed on the shift fork;
• 7 an illustration for explaining a state in which a first coil spring is deformed due to a load applied by an operating lever to the one side in the axial direction;
• 8th an illustration for explaining a state in which a second coil spring is deformed due to a load applied to the operating lever to the other side in the axial direction;
• 9 a side view in section to explain a modified embodiment of the switching device;
• 10 an illustration for explaining a state in which a conical disk spring is deformed due to a load which is applied to the operating lever to the one side in the axial direction; and in
• 11 an illustration for explaining a state in which a conical plate spring is deformed due to a load which is applied to the operating lever to the other side in the axial direction.

Hereinafter, various embodiments according to the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings explained in more detail. It is first on the 1 to 8th With reference to such various embodiments.

In detail shows 1 a side view in section of a switching device for a manual transmission. The 2 shows a front view in section of such a switching device. The 3 Fig. 12 is an illustration for explaining a state in which a first coil spring is deformed due to a load applied to an operating lever, to the one side in the axial direction of a shift fork rod. 4 Fig. 13 is a diagram for explaining a state in which a second coil spring is deformed by a load applied to the operating lever toward the other side in the axial direction.

The 5 is a partially exploded side view in section of the switching device for a manual transmission. It shows 6 a side view in section of the switching device in such a state in which a movable unit is mounted on a shift fork. The 7 shows an exploded side view in section of such a switching device. The 8th shows a side view in section of the switching device in a state in which its components, except for the fork rod, are mounted on the shift fork.

As in 1 shown, has a switching device 1 a shift fork 3 coming from a fork bar 2 is guided in the axial direction, and an actuating lever 4 on, an operating force on the shift fork 3 transfers and from the fork bar 2 is guided in the axial direction.

The shift fork 3 is engaged with a coupling sleeve, not shown, and when a switching operation is carried out in the manual transmission, then the shift fork 3 moved in the axial direction to bring the coupling sleeve with not shown synchronized gears in combination to achieve a switching operation. Not shown synchronization rings are interposed between the coupling sleeve and the synchronized gears.

At the time of a gearshift operation, bevels or sloped surfaces of the coupling sleeve and the timing rings are brought into contact with each other to generate a friction torque between the timing rings and the synchronized gears, thereby synchronizing the coupling sleeve with the corresponding gear.

Further, the switching device may be of an automatic type, and the operating lever 4 is connected to an unillustrated actuator. The actuator may be driven in response to an electrical signal from a control unit of a transmission to move the shift fork in the axial direction. It can drive systems of any kind can be used as an actuator, provided that the operating lever 4 can be moved in the axial direction. The drive system can be any hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical device and used as a drive source for the actuator.

If then the shift fork 3 in the one axial direction of the fork rod 2 is moved, so that the coupling sleeve is connected to one of the synchronized gears, then a gear shift operation or gear change according to a first gear ratio or reduction ratio can be realized, while when the shift fork 3 is moved in the other axial direction, so that the coupling sleeve is connected to another of the synchronized gears, a gear shift operation or gear change according to a second gear ratio or reduction ratio can be realized.

As in 1 shown, the shift fork 3 a fork main body 5 and an extension 6 on. The fork main body 5 is at the shift fork 3 mounted on one side in the axial direction and protruding from one side of the fork bar 2 in front. The extension 6 extends from the fork main body 5 to one side of the operating lever 4 on the other side in the axial direction.

As in 2 pictured, the fork main body has 5 arched arm parts 5a extending from the side of the fork bar 2 extend in such a way that they are fork-shaped, and there are fork claws 5b on opposite surfaces of the distal ends of the respective arm parts 5a provided in such a way that they protrude from them.

Besides, the extension is 6 formed in the shape of a cylinder, which is the fork bar 2 covered and by the operating lever 4 inserted through it. As in 1 is shown, is a plain bearing 6a on the inner peripheral surface of the extension 6 provided in the way that it is with the fork bar 2 is in sliding contact.

Further, a substantially cylindrical collar 7 provided in the way that he is the extension 6 on one side in the axial direction covered. The Bund 7 acting as a movable member is in the axial direction relative to the extension 6 movable and by the operating lever 4 used.

The operating lever 4 is in sliding contact with the collar 7 and extends from one side of the fork bar 2 from, so in the representation in 1 at the bottom opposite to the side where the fork main body 5 is provided. The Bund 7 becomes on the fork main body 5 on one side in the axial direction of the covenant 7 brought in, so that the movement of the covenant 7 is limited to the one side in the axial direction.

It should be noted that in this embodiment, a step part 3a on the shift fork 3 is formed, which extends substantially around its entire circumference, except a peripheral region in which the fork main body 5 protrudes. This will be the axial end of the covenant 7 with the shift fork 3 placed in abutment around its entire circumference. Further, in this embodiment, a flange part 7a at the federal government 7 formed at its axial end, in such a way that it extends radially outward.

Furthermore, a waistband snap ring 8th at the federal government 7 provided in the manner that it is on one side of the operating lever 4 is locked, on the other side in the axial direction, to the movement of the operating lever 4 to limit to the other side in the axial direction. For this purpose is namely a groove 7b in the covenant 7 educated. The collar snap ring 8th acting as a boundary member is in the groove 7b used so that a projecting area is formed by the federal government 7 projects radially outward.

Furthermore, as in 1 shown, a first coil spring 9 between the operating lever 4 and the fork main body 5 interposed, in such a way that they around the covenant 7 is wound. The first coil spring 9 , which acts as the first elastic part, is about the extension 6 with interposition of the federal government 7 wound.

The first coil spring 9 is between the shift fork 3 and the operating lever 4 is interposed in such a state that this coil spring is compressed to a length shorter than the natural length of the coil spring, so that they are normally the operating lever 4 to the other side relative to the shift fork 3 biases.

This allows the operating lever 4 be preloaded in an accurate manner to the other side in the axial direction by the operating lever 4 on the other side in the axial direction through the collar snap ring 8th is limited, so that the operating lever 4 and the fork main body 5 from the first coil spring 9 are each biased in directions in which they are spaced from each other. In this embodiment, an axial end of the first coil spring 9 in abutment against the flange part 7a of the federal government 7 brought while her other end to the operating lever 4 which in turn by the Bundschnappring 8th is limited.

As in 1 shown is a shift fork snap ring 10 at the extension 6 the shift fork 3 provided in the way that he is at one end of the extension 6 is locked on the other side in the axial direction. A second coil spring 11 is between the shift fork snap ring 10 and the federal government 7 interposed.

For this purpose is namely a groove 6b in the extension 6 trained, and the shift fork snap ring 10 is in the groove 6b fitted so that a radially outward part of the extension 6 is trained. The second coil spring 11 , which acts as a second elastic part, is about the extension 6 the shift fork 3 wrapped around and from the shift fork snap ring 10 supported at one end, on the other side in the axial direction.

The second coil spring 11 is between the shift fork 3 and the covenant 7 interposed in such a condition that this coil spring 11 compressed to a length that is shorter than its natural length, so that the waistband 7 normally toward one side in the axial direction relative to the shift fork 3 is biased.

This ensures that the operating lever 4 and the first coil spring 9 with the covenant 7 engage; Furthermore, it is ensured that the second coil spring 11 from the shift fork snap ring 10 on the other side of the second coil spring 11 is supported, so that the covenant 7 is biased toward the one side in the axial direction; This can cause the operating lever 4 be biased in an exact manner to the one side in the axial direction.

In the embodiment according to 1 Clamps the second coil spring 11 the shift fork snap ring 10 or the federal government 7 each above plate parts 12 in front. The plate parts 12 , which are each formed with an annular shape, are each on one side of the shift fork snap ring 10 on one side and on one side of the covenant 7 arranged on the other side.

The plate parts 12 are each on the extension 6 put on the fork bar 2 is arranged. The plate parts 12 are against the respective ends of the second coil spring 11 brought into abutment, so they are usually against the shift fork snap ring 10 or the federal government 7 are pressed by the biasing force of the second coil spring 11 is exercised.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the switching device 1 explained with the construction described above. First, as in 3 represented, the federal government 7 on the extension 6 the shift fork 3 put on from the other side.

Next, as in 3 shown, the first coil spring 9 and the operating lever 4 successively in the order mentioned from the other side in the axial direction on the collar 7 placed. Then, how will 3 shows the waistband snap ring 8th on the bunch 7 from the other side in the axial direction and moved to the one side in the axial direction, against the biasing force of the first coil spring 9 ,

If then according to 4 the waistband snap ring 8th the groove 7b in the covenant 7 has reached, then the Bundschnappring 8th in this groove 7b used, so that a movable unit 13 is made from the covenant 7 , the first coil spring 9 , the operating lever 4 and the federal snap ring 8th consists. It may be noted that this movable unit 13 can also be made if the federal government 7 not on the extension 6 is attached.

After that, as in 5 shown that first plate part 12 , the second coil spring 11 and the second plate part 12 from the other side in the axial direction to the extension 6 set up, one after the other in the order mentioned. Subsequently, how 5 shows the shift fork snap ring 10 on the extension 6 from the other side in the axial direction and moved to the one side in the axial direction, against the biasing force of the second coil spring 11 ,

If then according to 6 the shift fork snap ring 10 the groove 6b in the extension 6 reached, then the shift fork snap ring 10 in this groove 6b fitted. In this condition are the various components except the fork bar 2 , on the shift fork 3 assembled. The manufacturing process of the switching device is completed when the shift fork 3 on the fork 2 is set, see 1 ,

In the manufacturing method of the switching device according to this embodiment, as follows: since the respective components on the shift fork 3 assembled from the other side in the axial direction, the respective components need only in sequence on the extension 6 be placed, from the other side in the axial direction, wherein the shift fork 3 is fixed. As a result, the assembly process is simple and easy to carry out.

Furthermore, the respective snap rings 8th and 10 are designed to fit into the respective grooves 7b respectively. 6b against the biasing forces of the coil spring 9 and 11 can be used, the respective components can be assembled without these are loose.

Furthermore, the assembly of all components on the shift fork 3 completed with two operations where the respective snap rings 8th and 10 in the respective grooves 7b and 6b an increase in assembly man-hours can be prevented; this will in no case increase production costs. Because continue the shift fork 3 on the fork 2 After all components except the fork bar 2 itself, on the shift fork 3 have been mounted, the assembly process is also facilitated in this regard.

Here are the shift forks 3 be treated as modules to which the respective coil springs 9 and 11 and the operating lever 4 already assembled in a factory or other manufacturing company; This is particularly advantageous in practice.

As the radially outwardly projecting flange 7a at the end of the covenant 7 formed on the one side in the axial direction to the movement of the first coil spring 9 to limit the one side in the axial direction, the movable unit 13 in which the first coil spring 9 and the waistband snap ring 8th on the fret 7 are mounted, regardless of the shift fork 3 getting produced; This is particularly advantageous in the practical implementation.

The operation of the switching device having a structure of the type described above will be explained below. If, as in 1 shown, the shift fork 3 in its neutral position, with no force on the operating lever 4 works, so is the covenant 7 in its movement to the one side in the axial direction limited in a state in which he from the second coil spring 11 is biased.

Furthermore, the operating lever 4 in its movement to the other side in the axial direction through the collar snap ring 8th on the bunch 7 limited in a state in which the operating lever 4 to the other side in the axial direction through the first coil spring 9 is biased.

As a result, the neutral position of the operating lever 4 intended as a position in which the covenant 7 is in a position that is closest to one side within its range of motion, and the operating lever 4 is in its movement to the other side by the collar snap ring 8th limited.

If in this state, a force on the operating lever 4 to the one side in the axial direction is applied, so the shift fork 3 in the way that led them from the fork rod 2 is led to the one side. If this is the case and if the force acting on the operating lever 4 is applied, is smaller than the biasing force of the first coil spring 9 , so will the first coil spring 9 deformed in no case, and the shift fork 3 is without any change in the relative positioning between the operating lever 4 and the shift fork 3 emotional.

In the event that on the operating lever 4 applied force is greater than the biasing force of the first coil spring 9 , so will the first coil spring 9 according to 7 deformed, leaving the operating lever 4 relative to the shift fork 3 can move by an amount equal to the value of the deformation of the first coil spring 9 is. In this embodiment, the deformation of the first coil spring 9 only possible up to a state in which the first coil spring 9 is compressed to line contact, with a part omitted to a value for the deformation of the first coil spring 9 pretend.

If then the first coil spring 9 has been compressed to line contact, so move the operating lever 4 and the shift fork 3 together. It may be noted that the second coil spring 11 in no case is deformed in connection with a movement of the operating lever 4 to one side.

When on the operating lever 4 a force is applied to the other side in the axial direction, so the shift fork 3 guided in the way that they are to the other side on the fork rod 2 emotional.

When this case occurs and when the force acting on the operating lever 4 is less than the biasing force of the second coil spring 11 , so will the shift fork 3 moves without causing a change in the relative position between the operating lever 4 and he shift fork 3 gives.

In the event that on the operating lever 4 applied force is greater than the biasing force of the second coil spring 11 , so will the coil spring 11 deformed as a second elastic part, as in 8th is shown; this moves the federal government 7 relative to the shift fork 3 , When this happens, the operating lever moves 4 and the covenant 7 together, so that the operating lever 4 relative to the shift fork 3 can move.

In this embodiment, deformation of the second coil spring 11 possible up to a state in which the second coil spring 11 is compressed to line contact, and after the second coil spring 11 has been compressed to line contact, move the operating lever 4 and the shift fork 3 together with each other. It may be noted that the first coil spring 9 in no case is deformed in connection with a movement of the actuating lever 4 to the other side.

So if the operating lever 4 is moved to the one side, then the first coil spring 9 deformed in an independent manner, while then when the operating lever 4 moved to the other side, the second coil spring 11 is deformed in an independent manner.

As a result, a resistance force acting on the operating lever 4 is exercised when the operating lever 4 is moved to the one side, regulated by suitably the biasing force of the first coil spring 9 on the operating lever 4 acts when the operating lever 4 is in its neutral position, and the modulus of elasticity of the first coil spring 9 pretends.

Similarly, the resistance force acting on the operating lever 4 is exercised when the operating lever 4 moved to the other side, thereby regulating that the biasing force of the second coil spring 11 , which on the operating lever 4 acts when the operating lever 4 is in its neutral position, and the modulus of elasticity of the second coil spring 11 pretends in a suitable manner.

If then a force that is greater than the biasing force of the first coil spring 9 or the second coil spring 11 , on the operating lever 4 is exercised, then moves the actuating lever 4 relative to the shift fork 3 ; This reduces a force acting between the chamfers or inclined surfaces of the coupling sleeve and the synchronization ring, with the result that damage to the chamfers is prevented.

Since in the switching device according to the above embodiment, the extension 6 on the shift fork 3 is formed in such a way that it extends from the fork main body 5 extends to the other side in the axial direction and there the first coil spring 9 and the second coil spring 11 on the two sides of the operating lever 4 are arranged in the axial direction, so are the fork main body 5 , the operating lever 4 and the scope of the extension 6 on the other side aligned in the direction in which the respective coil springs 9 and 11 to expand or contract. Thus, the application of elastic forces is facilitated and a relatively simple construction can be used.

As well as the extension 6 the shift fork 3 along the fork bar 2 is provided and there the extension 6 is formed substantially with a cylindrical shape, resulting in a space advantageous arrangement.

Since, in the switching device according to the described embodiment, the elastic members as a first coil spring 9 and a second coil spring 11 are provided, which around the fork rod 2 are wound, the biasing forces of these coil springs 9 and 11 on the operating lever 4 around the fork bar 2 applied around, so that there is a uniform application. Further, since the operating lever 4 from the fork bar 2 is guided in the axial direction, the actuating lever 4 from the first coil spring 9 and the second coil spring 11 in no way impaired, leaving the operating lever 4 can be operated gently and evenly.

Further, since the first coil spring 9 and the second coil spring 11 along the fork bar 2 are arranged, results in a space advantageous arrangement.

If in the switching device according to the invention a radially outwardly projecting part of the shift fork snap ring 10 on the extension 6 the shift fork 3 is smaller than the corresponding radial value of the second coil spring 11 , then the second coil spring 11 not exactly with the shift fork snap ring 10 locked. However, the second coil spring 11 through the interposition of the plate part 12 be accurately positioned and locked between them.

In the event that a radially outwardly projecting area of the covenant 7 that with the second coil spring 11 on the other hand is in contact, not sufficiently with the second coil spring 11 is engaged, so can the biasing force of the second coil spring 11 not exactly on the fret 7 be exercised. However, it is readily possible, the biasing force in the second coil spring 11 exactly on the bunch 7 to transfer when the plate part 12 between them.

Because both sides of the second coil spring 11 from the respective plate parts 12 are covered, there is no danger that the second coil spring 11 on the shift fork snap ring 10 or the covenant 7 slides up; Therefore, it is possible to increase the reliability of the switching device in operation.

As in the switching device according to the invention 1 the described embodiment, the respective coil springs 9 and 11 that's about the extension 6 the shift fork 3 can be used as elastic members, the value at which these members protrude radially outward can be kept relatively small as compared with a case where tapered disc springs are used for the same purpose. This allows the stroke of the operating lever 4 relative to the shift fork 3 made relatively large and ensured.

While in the embodiment described above, the switching means is provided to be of an automatic type in which the operating lever 4 is operated by means of an actuator or actuator, the switching device may also be of a manual type, wherein the actuating lever 4 manually operated by an operator.

While in the embodiment described above, the first elastic member and the second elastic member as coil springs 9 respectively. 11 are specified, the first and the second elastic member, for example, from conical disc springs 109 respectively. 111 exist, like it 9 shows.

The 9 shows an embodiment in which the coil springs 9 and 11 through the cone-shaped disc springs 109 and 111 are replaced, the configuration, apart from these elastic elements, the same as in the embodiment described above. By using this configuration, the axial dimensions of the switching device can be reduced as compared with the coil spring design. Thus, the specifications of the spring can be changed depending on the layout of the switching device.

Also in this case is a deformation of the conical disc springs 109 and 111 possible, as is the 10 and 11 show until they are brought into close contact with the other components; after the cone-shaped disc springs 109 respectively. 111 have been brought into contact with the other components, move the operating lever 4 and the shift fork 3 together. Of course, it is also possible to use, for example, rubber elements as elastic bodies or elastic elements in addition to the spring elements.

While in the described embodiments, the extension 6 is given as a component which is designed as a cylinder and the fork rod 2 surrounds, so can the extension 6 also from the fork bar 2 be spaced.

In such a case, the first coil spring 9 between the operating lever 4 and the fork main body 5 be interposed while the second coil spring 11 between the operating lever 4 and one side of the extension 6 on the other side can be interposed. Because of the fork main body 5 , the operating lever 4 and the side of the extension 6 on the other side are aligned in the direction in which the respective coil springs 9 and 11 expand and contract, the application of elastic force is facilitated, and a relatively simple configuration can be provided.

The neutral position of the operating lever 4 can be given in a singular way, even in a case in which the extension 6 not at the fork 2 is formed, provided that a movable part is provided in such a way that it is from the fork bar 2 to be led. The operating lever 4 is brought into engagement with the movable part, in such a way that the actuating lever 4 is biased toward the other side by the first elastic member while the operating lever 4 is biased to the one side of the second elastic part on the movable part.

Since the first elastic member is deformed independently when the operating lever 4 is shifted to one side, while then when the operating lever 4 is shifted to the other side, the second elastic member is deformed in an independent manner, can on the operating lever 4 acting resisting forces can be regulated by setting the biasing force, the elastic modulus and the like for the respective elastic body in an appropriate manner.

In the described embodiments, the collar snap ring is 8th as the component specified, the movement of the operating lever 4 limited to the other side, while the shift fork snap ring 10 as the component is specified that the movement of the second coil spring 11 limited to the other side. These components for limiting the operating lever 4 and the second coil spring 11 but are not limited to snap rings, but others can

Components with the same or similar function can be used. It goes without saying that the construction in this regard can be modified in detail to take into account the particular circumstances.

Claims (7)

Shift mechanism (1) comprising: - a shift fork (3) guided by a fork rod (2) in the axial direction of the fork rod (2); - An operating lever (4) which is guided by the fork rod (2) in the axial direction; - a movable member (7) which is movable in the axial direction and restricted in its movement to the one side in the axial direction relative to the shift fork (3); - A limiting member (8) which is provided on the movable part (7) and limits the movement of the actuating lever (4) to the other side in the axial direction; - a first elastic member (9, 109) interposed between the shift fork (3) and the operation lever (4) to bias the operation lever (4) toward the other side; - a second elastic member (11, 111) interposed between the shift fork (3) and the movable member (7) for biasing the operation lever (4) toward the one side via the movable member (7); - A fork main body (5) which is attached to the shift fork (3) on one side; and - an extension (6) formed on the shift fork (3) and extending from the fork main body (5) to the other side, - wherein the first elastic member (9, 109) between the operating lever (4) and the Fork main body (5) is interposed, and - wherein the second elastic part (11, 111) between the actuating lever (4) and one side of the extension (6) is interposed on the other side, - wherein the extension (6) is formed as a cylinder which covers the fork rod (2) and is inserted through the operating lever (4). Switching device (1) after Claim 1 wherein the first elastic member (9) and the second elastic member (11) are respectively formed as coil springs (9, 11) wound around the extension (6). Switching device (1) according to one of Claims 1 and 2 in that the movable part (7) has a substantially cylindrical collar (7) which covers the extension (6) on one side and is inserted through the actuating lever (4), wherein a shift fork snap ring (10) is provided which is locked to the extension (6) on the other side, and wherein the second elastic member (11, 111) is interposed between the shift fork snap ring (10) and the collar (7). Switching device (1) after Claim 3 comprising: plate parts (12) each fitting on the fork rod (2) and provided on one side of the shift fork snap ring (10) and on the other side of the collar (7), the shift fork Snap ring (10) and the collar (7) of the second elastic member (11, 111) over the respective plate parts (12) are biased. Switching device (1) after Claim 3 or 4 wherein the restriction member is formed as a collar snap ring (8) which is locked to the collar (7) on the other side, and wherein the first elastic member (9, 109) between the operating lever (4) and the fork main body (5) interposed therebetween is. A method of manufacturing a switching device (1) comprising - A shift fork (3) which is guided by a fork rod (2) in the axial direction of the fork rod (2); - An operating lever (4) which is guided by the fork rod (2) in the axial direction; - A fork main body (5) which is provided on the shift fork (3) on the one side in the axial direction; a cylindrical extension (6) formed on the shift fork (3) and extending from the fork main body (5) to the other side in the axial direction, covering the fork rod (2) and passing through the operation lever (4) is used; - a movable member (7) which is movable in the axial direction and is limited in its movement to the one side relative to the shift fork (3); - A limiting part (8) which is provided on the movable part (7) and limits the movement of the actuating lever (4) to the other side; a first spring member (9) wound around the extension (6) and disposed between the operating lever (4) and the fork main body (5) so as to bias the operating lever (4) toward the other side; and - A second spring member (11) which is wound around the extension (6) and between the actuating lever (4) and one side of the extension (6) on the other side, so that it the actuating lever (4) to the one Biased side, the method comprising the following steps: the movable part (7), the first spring part (9), the operation lever (4) and the second spring part (11) are mounted on the extension (6) from the other side to form a shift fork unit; the shift fork assembly is mounted on the fork bar (2). Method according to Claim 6 in which the movable part (7) has a substantially cylindrical collar (7) covering the extension (6) on one side, and wherein the limiting part (8) is designed as a collar snap ring (8) attached to the collar (8). 7) is locked on the other side, the method comprising the steps of: the first spring part (9), the operating lever (4) and the limiting part (8) on the movable part (7) are successively in the order indicated by the other Side set to form a movable unit (13).

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