DE10101576B4 - Optical sensor and sensor field - Google Patents
Optical sensor and sensor field Download PDFInfo
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- DE10101576B4 DE10101576B4 DE10101576.3A DE10101576A DE10101576B4 DE 10101576 B4 DE10101576 B4 DE 10101576B4 DE 10101576 A DE10101576 A DE 10101576A DE 10101576 B4 DE10101576 B4 DE 10101576B4
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- optical sensor
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- G01N2021/7786—Fluorescence
Abstract
Optischer Sensor, zur Bestimmung zumindest eines Parameters in einer Probe, mit einem auf den Parameter ansprechenden Indikatormaterial (in 1) kurzer Abklingzeit und einem auf den Parameter nicht ansprechenden Referenzmaterial (in 1) langer Abklingzeit zur Erfassung eines den zu bestimmenden Parameter anzeigenden Meßsignals auf der Basis der gemeinsam erfaßten Lumineszenzenantworten des Indikator- und Referenzmaterials, wobei das Indikatormaterial und das Referenzmaterial in einer Sensorschicht (1) auf einem gemeinsamen Träger (3) immobilisiert sind, wobei die zur Probe weisende Seite der Sensorschicht (1) von einer Abdeckschicht (5) abgedeckt ist, die einen Kontakt zwischen dem Indikatormaterial und der Probe erlaubt, jedoch für das zur Erregung des Indikator- und Referenzmaterials verwendete Licht im wesentlichen undurchlässig ist, und wobei zur Messung des pH-Wertes oder von Chlorid oder anderen lonen die Abdeckschicht (5) eine für in der Probe gelöste Substanzen permeable und ionenpermeable Hydrogelschicht ist, die hydrophiles Polyurethan oder/und Poly-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat oder/und Ruß enthält.An optical sensor for determining at least one parameter in a sample with an indicator material (1) of short decay time and a non - responsive reference material (1) of a long decay time for detecting a measurement signal indicative of the parameter to be determined Base of the jointly detected luminescence responses of the indicator and reference material, the indicator material and the reference material being immobilized in a sensor layer (1) on a common carrier (3), the sample-facing side of the sensor layer (1) being covered by a cover layer (5). which permits contact between the indicator material and the sample, but is substantially impermeable to the light used to excite the indicator and reference material, and wherein the cover layer (5) is used to measure the pH or chloride or other ions. a substance dissolved in the sample permeable and unreacted dionenpermeable hydrogel layer containing hydrophilic polyurethane or / and poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and / or carbon black.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen intern referenzierten optischen Sensor zur Bestimmung zumindest eines Parameters in einer Probe mit einem auf den Parameter ansprechenden Indikatormaterial kurzer Abklingzeit und einem auf den Parameter nicht ansprechenden Referenzmaterial langer Abklingzeit zur Erfassung eines den zu bestimmenden Parameter anzeigenden Meßsignals auf der Basis der gemeinsam erfaßten Lumineszenzantworten von Indikator- und Referenzmaterial.The invention relates to an internally referenced optical sensor for determining at least one parameter in a sample with a short decay time indicator material responsive to the parameter and a long decay time reference material for detecting a measured signal indicative of the parameter to be determined on the basis of the jointly detected one Luminescence responses of indicator and reference material.
Der optische Senor benutzt ein Meßprinzip, welches die optische, insbesondere fluorometrische, Bestimmung verschiedener chemischer, physikalischer und biologischer Parameter mit Hilfe von z. B. zeitaufgelösten und Phasenmodulationstechniken ermöglicht. Hierbei wird z. B. die Summe aus den Lumineszenzsignalen des Indikatormaterials kurzer Abklingzeit und des Referenzmaterials langer Abklingzeit (mindestens einige hundert Nanosekunden) gemessen. Während die langlebige Lumineszenz vom den Parameter bestimmenden Analyten nicht beeinflusst wird, verändert sich die Intensität des hiermit coimmobilisierten Indikatormaterials kurzer Abklingzeit in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Analytkonzentration. Da die durch Phasenmodulationstechniken ermittelte Phasenverschiebung zwischen den Lumineszenzantworten von Indikator- und Referenzmaterial nur vom Verhältnis der Intensitätsanteile der beiden Materialien abhängig ist, spiegelt sich darin direkt die Intensität der Lumineszenzantwort des Indikatormaterials wider. Man erhält somit eine interne Referenzierung der Signalintensität der Leuchtstoffe, so dass man im Prinzip mit einer einzigen Erregungslichtquelle und einem einzigen Photodetektor auskommt.The optical sensor uses a measuring principle, which is the optical, in particular fluorometric, determination of various chemical, physical and biological parameters using z. B. Time-resolved and phase modulation techniques allows. This z. For example, the sum of the luminescence signals of the short cooldown indicator material and the long cooldown reference material (at least a few hundred nanoseconds) is measured. While the long-lived luminescence is not influenced by the analyte determining the parameter, the intensity of the coimmobilized indicator material of short cooldown changes depending on the respective analyte concentration. Since the phase shift between the luminescent responses of indicator and reference material determined by phase modulation techniques only depends on the ratio of the intensity fractions of the two materials, this directly reflects the intensity of the luminescence response of the indicator material. Thus, one obtains an internal referencing of the signal intensity of the phosphors, so that one manages in principle with a single excitation light source and a single photodetector.
Unter der Voraussetzung, dass die Verteilung von Indikator- und Referenzmaterial beim Herstellungsprozess konstant gehalten wird, ist die Phasenverschiebung ausschließlich von der Konzentration des zu bestimmenden Parameters abhängig, während Schwankungen im optoelektronischen System, Verlusten in Lichtleitern, welche den Sensor mit der Erregungslichtquelle und dem Photodetektor verbinden, und den optischen Eigenschaften der Probe, das Signal nicht beeinflussen.Provided that the distribution of indicator and reference material in the manufacturing process is kept constant, the phase shift is dependent exclusively on the concentration of the parameter to be determined, while variations in the optoelectronic system, losses in optical fibers, the sensor with the excitation light source and the photodetector connect, and do not affect the optical properties of the sample, the signal.
Details dieses Meßprinzips und Ausführungsbeispiele sind in der
Das zum Erregen von Indikator- und Referenzmaterial benutzte Licht könnte jedoch Substanzen in der Probe nachteilig beeinflussen, so dass die Meßgenauigkeit des Sensors abnimmt, z. B. dadurch, dass die zu messenden Substanzen selbst durch das Licht verändert werden oder die Substanzen selbst zu unerwünschter Lumineszenz angeregt werden. Von besonderer Wichtigkeit ist dies bei der Messung von Körperflüssigkeiten, z. B. Blut, insbesondere der sog. ”critical care analytes”, wie etwa pH, O2, CO2, Natrium, Kalium, Calcium, Chlorid, Lithium, Magnesium und dgl., oder Kulturmedien.However, the light used to excite indicator and reference material could adversely affect substances in the sample so that the measurement accuracy of the sensor decreases, e.g. B. in that the substances to be measured are even changed by the light or the substances themselves are excited to unwanted luminescence. This is of particular importance in the measurement of body fluids, e.g. As blood, in particular the so-called. "Critical care analytes", such as pH, O 2 , CO 2 , sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, lithium, magnesium and the like., Or culture media.
Die
Die
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, bei einem optischen Sensor der eingangs genannten Art die Meßgenauigkeit zu erhöhen.The object of the invention is therefore to increase the measurement accuracy in an optical sensor of the type mentioned.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ein optischer Sensor nach Anspruch 1 und 2 vorgeschlagen.To solve the problem, an optical sensor according to claim 1 and 2 is proposed.
Diese Abdeckschicht verhindert, dass das Erregungslicht zur Probe selbst gelangt, und dass die Probe selbst Licht an den Detektor zurückschickt. Dies erhöht die Meßgenauigkeit des Sensors und damit des gesamten Meßsystems.This capping layer prevents the excitation light from reaching the sample itself, and the sample itself sends light back to the detector. This increases the accuracy of the measurement of the sensor and thus of the entire measuring system.
Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei der Abdeckschicht um eine pigmentierte Polymerschicht, etwa mittels Ruß oder Metalloxid, z. B. Eisenoxid- oder Titandioxid. The covering layer is preferably a pigmented polymer layer, for example by means of carbon black or metal oxide, eg. B. iron oxide or titanium dioxide.
Wenn, gemäß Anspruch 1, der Sensor zur Messung des pH oder von Chlorid oder anderen Ionen ausgelegt ist, handelt es sich bei der Abdeckschicht um eine für in der Probe gefärbte Substanzen permeable und ionenpermeable Hydrogelschicht, die hydrophiles Polyurethan oder/und Poly-Hydroxyethyirnethacrylat(HEMA) oder/und Ruß enthält.When, according to claim 1, the sensor is designed for measuring the pH or of chloride or other ions, the covering layer is a substance which is permeable to the sample and dyed in the sample, which comprises hydrophilic polyurethane or / and poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ( HEMA) or / and carbon black.
Zur Messung von Gasen, wie etwa CO2, O2, wird gemäß Anspruch 2 eine für unter Normalbedingungen gasförmige Substanzen permeable und ionenpermeable Abdeckschicht aus Silikon oder Teflon verwendet. Falls ein weiterer Sensor zur Messung der Temperatur in einer Probe verwendet werden soll, in der sich Substanzen befinden, auf die das Indikatormaterial ansprechen würde, wird die Abdeckschicht für diese Substanzen undurchlässig gewählt.For the measurement of gases, such as CO 2 , O 2 , according to claim 2, a permeable and ion-permeable cover layer of silicone or Teflon is used for under normal conditions gaseous substances. If another sensor is to be used to measure the temperature in a sample containing substances to which the indicator material would respond, the covering layer will be opaque to these substances.
Falls der Sensor als Enzymoptode zur Erfassung eines enzymatisch zu bestimmenden Analyten verwendet werden soll, kann die Abdeckschicht von einer für den messenden Analyten spezifischen Enzymschicht überlagert sein, wie etwa Glukose-Oxidase zur Messung von Glukose oder Lactat-Oxidase zur Messung von Lactat.If the sensor is to be used as an enzyme optic for detecting an analyte to be determined enzymatically, the cover layer may be superimposed by an enzyme layer specific for the analyte of interest, such as glucose oxidase for measuring glucose or lactate oxidase for measuring lactate.
Bei der oben erwähnten Sensoranordnung der
In vielen Fällen ist es aber erwünscht, in einem einzigen Meßvorgang mehrere unterschiedliche Parameter gleichzeitig zu messen, wie z. B. in Körperflüssigkeiten in medizinischen Anwendungen.In many cases, it is desirable to simultaneously measure several different parameters in a single measurement, such. B. in body fluids in medical applications.
Sollen mehrere verschiedene Parameter gleichzeitig gemessen werden können, kann unter Bildung eines Sensorfelds an dem Träger zusätzlich zumindest ein auf einen zweiten Parameter ansprechender zweiter optischer Sensor, z. B. der eingangs genannten Art, angebracht sein. Bei dem zweiten optischen Sensor kann es sich auch um einen sog. Abklingzeit-Sensor handeln, der auf den zweiten Parameter anspricht und dessen Indikatormaterial eine sich in Abhängigkeit von dem zweiten Parameter veränderliche Abklingzeit aufweist oder/und um einen Sensor, dessen Lumineszenzintensität sich in Abhängigkeit vom zweiten Parameter ändert. In beiden Fällen kann die Abdeckschicht sämtliche Sensoren des Sensorfelds oder zumindest zwei Sensoren davon gemeinsam abdecken.If a plurality of different parameters can be measured simultaneously, at least one second optical sensor responding to a second parameter may be additionally formed on the carrier, forming a sensor field on the carrier. B. of the type mentioned above, be appropriate. The second optical sensor may also be a so-called cooldown sensor which responds to the second parameter and whose indicator material has a cooldown which varies as a function of the second parameter and / or a sensor whose luminescence intensity is dependent changes from the second parameter. In both cases, the covering layer can cover all sensors of the sensor field or at least two sensors thereof together.
Eine bevorzugte Kombination besteht zum Beispiel darin, dass erste intern referenzierte Sensoren zur Messung des pH und des CO2-Partialdrucks und zweite, als Abklingzeitsensor ausgeführte Sensoren zur Messung von Sauerstoff und gegebenenfalls Temperatur zu einem Sensorfeld kombiniert sind.A preferred combination is, for example, that first internally referenced sensors for measuring the pH and the CO 2 partial pressure and second, designed as a cooldown sensor sensors for measuring oxygen and optionally temperature are combined to form a sensor array.
Das Indikatormaterial des zweiten Sensors kann so gewählt sein, dass dessen Abklingzeit im Bereich der Abklingzeit des Referenzmaterials des ersten Sensors liegt, wobei bevorzugt diese beiden Materialien identisch sind.The indicator material of the second sensor may be selected such that its decay time is in the range of the decay time of the reference material of the first sensor, wherein preferably these two materials are identical.
Man kann dann ein identisches Phasendetektionssystem zum Auswerten der Signale der intern referenzierten Sensoren sowie auch der Abklingzeitsensoren auf der Basis des identischen Phosphoreszenzfarbstoffs verwenden. Die gemessene Phasenverschiebung, als von jeweiligen Analyten abhängiger Meßparameter, beschreibt im Falle der intern referenzierten Sensoren das Intensitätsverhältnis zwischen der von der jeweiligen Analytkonzentration abhängigen Indikatorlumineszenz bzw. -fluoreszenz und der konstanten Lumineszenz bzw. Phosphoreszenz des Referenzmaterials, wie oben beschrieben.One can then use an identical phase detection system to evaluate the signals of the internally referenced sensors as well as the cooldown sensors based on the identical phosphorescent dye. In the case of internally referenced sensors, the measured phase shift, as measured parameters dependent on the respective analytes, describes the intensity ratio between the indicator luminescence or fluorescence dependent on the respective analyte concentration and the constant luminescence or phosphorescence of the reference material, as described above.
Im Falle der Abklingzeitsensoren korreliert die gemessene Phasenverschiebung mit der Abklingzeit des jetzt als Indikator fungierenden Phosphoreszenzfarbstoffs des Referenzmaterials und hängt ebenfalls von der Konzentration des von diesem Abklingzeitsensor zu messenden Analyten ab. Hierdurch ist es möglich, ein Feld oder Array von intern referenzierten Sensoren und Abklingzeitsensoren herzustellen, die alle mit dem identischen Meßsystem ausgelesen werden können.In the case of cooldown sensors, the measured phase shift correlates to the cooldown of the phosphorescent dye of the reference material, now acting as the indicator, and also depends on the concentration of the analyte to be measured by this cooldown sensor. This makes it possible to produce a field or array of internally referenced sensors and settling time sensors, all of which can be read out with the same measuring system.
Die Sensoren des Sensorfelds können auf einem gemeinsamen Träger kombiniert sein. Der Träger kann eine Folie, eine von der Probe zu durchströmende Kassette oder auch ein planer oder faserartiger Lichtleiter sein.The sensors of the sensor field can be combined on a common carrier. The carrier may be a foil, a cassette to be flowed through by the sample, or else a planar or fibrous light guide.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 23 zur Bestimmung eines Parameters einer Probe mittels eines optischen Sensors bzw. Sensorfelds. Hierbei wird das Zeit- oder Phasenverhalten oder die zeitliche Intensitätsänderung der Lumineszenzantworten des Indikatormaterials kurzer Abklingzeit und des Referenzmaterials langer Abklingzeit zur Bildung einer Referenzgröße für die Bestimmung des Parameters verwendet. Als Referenzgröße kann auch ein Verhältnis der beiden Lumineszenzintensitätsanteile des Indikatormaterials kurzer Abklingzeit und des Referenzmaterials langer Abklingzeit verwendet werden, welches unabhängig von der Gesamtintensität des Lumineszenzsignals ist. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass die Referenzgröße mit Hilfe einer zeitaufgelösten Messung ermittelt wird, wobei die Referenzgröße ein Verhältnis zwischen der Lumineszenzintensität während des Anregungsimpulses und der Lumineszenzintensität nach dem Ausschalten der Lichtquelle darstellt. The invention further relates to a method according to claim 23 for determining a parameter of a sample by means of an optical sensor or sensor field. In this case, the time or phase behavior or the temporal intensity change of the luminescence responses of the indicator material of short decay time and the reference material of long decay time is used to form a reference variable for the determination of the parameter. As a reference, a ratio of the two luminescence intensity components of the short decay time indicator material and the long decay time reference material may be used, which is independent of the total intensity of the luminescence signal. It is also possible for the reference variable to be determined with the aid of a time-resolved measurement, the reference variable representing a ratio between the luminescence intensity during the excitation pulse and the luminescence intensity after switching off the light source.
Bevorzugt werden die Luminophore der Sensoren des Sensorfelds durch eine einzige Lichtquelle gemeinsam erregt, und deren Lumineszenzantworten können von den jeweiligen Sensoren zugeordneten mehreren Detektoren erfaßt werden oder aber die Luminophore der Sensoren werden von mehreren jeweils zugeordneten Lichtquellen erregt und von einem einzigen Detektor gemeinsam erfasst.Preferably, the luminophores of the sensors of the sensor array are excited together by a single light source, and their luminescence responses can be detected by the respective sensors associated with multiple detectors or the luminophores of the sensors are excited by a plurality of respectively associated light sources and detected jointly by a single detector.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der beigefügten Figur erläutert.The invention will now be explained with reference to embodiments with reference to the accompanying figure.
Bei dem intern referenzierten Sensor, der einzeln oder als Array bzw. Feld mehrerer solcher Sensoren auf gemeinsamen Träger angebracht ist, handelt es sich um Sensoren der in der
Soll der Sensor zur Messung des pH oder Chlorid oder anderen Ionen verwendet werden, wird für die Abdeckschicht
Der Sensor oder einer der Sensoren eines Array kann auch als Enzymoptode ausgeführt sein, etwa zur Messung von Glukose oder Lactat. In diesem Fall ist dann die Abdeckschicht
Die Signale der intern referenzierten Lumineszenzsensoren der eingangs genannten Art lassen sich mit identischen Meßsystemen auslesen, wie solche optische Sensoren, bei denen die Änderung der Abklingzeit der Meßparameter ist. Diese Meßsysteme basieren jeweils auf Phasenmodulationstechniken.The signals of the internally referenced luminescence sensors of the type mentioned above can be read with identical measuring systems, such as those optical sensors in which the change in the decay time of the measurement parameters. These measuring systems are each based on phase modulation techniques.
Die identischen Phosphoreszenzfarbstoffe, die in den intern referenzierenden Sensoren als langlebige Referenzluminophoren benutzt werden und hier von der Abdeckschicht
Im Falle der Abklingzeitsensoren korreliert die gemessene Phasenverschiebung mit der Abklingzeit des jetzt als Indikator fungierenden Phosphereszenzfarbstoffs und hängt ebenfalls von der Konzentration des zu messenden Analyten ab, gemäß folgender Gleichung:
Hierdurch ergänzen sich die intern referenzierten und Abklingsensoren auf ideale Weise miteinander. Es lässt sich damit ein Array von intern referenzierten Sensoren und Abklingzeitsensoren herstellen, die alle mit dem identischen Meßsystem ausgelesen werden können.As a result, the internally referenced and decay sensors complement each other ideally. It can be an array of internally referenced sensors and decay time sensors produce, all of which can be read with the same measurement system.
Die folgende Tabelle stellt eine Auswahl von Sensoren dar, die in einem solchen Array miteinander kombiniert werden können. Alle diese Sensoren werden mit einer sinusförmig modulierten Leuchtdiode angeregt, wobei die Modulationsfrequenz immer gleich bleibt, z. B. 45 kHz beträgt.The following table presents a selection of sensors that can be combined in such an array. All these sensors are excited with a sinusoidally modulated LED, the modulation frequency always remains the same, z. B. 45 kHz.
Das bevorzugte Array für diagnostische Blutanalysen besteht aus allen in der folgenden Tabelle aufgeführten Sensoren, mit Ausnahme von Temperatur und Glukose.The preferred array for diagnostic blood analyzes consists of all the sensors listed in the following table, with the exception of temperature and glucose.
Ein für Biotechnologie und Zellzucht bevorzugtes Array besteht aus Sensoren für die Parameter pH, pCO2, pO2 und Temperatur.
In der Figur ist mit dem Pfeil
Der hierin benutzte Begriff ”Probe” beinhaltet Verbindungen, Oberflächen, Lösungen, umweltrelevante Flüssigkeiten (Abwässer, Regenwasser, Trinkwasser, Flusswasser, Meerwasser), Industrieflüssigkeiten und biologische Flüssigkeiten (z. B. Blut, Blutplasma, Blutserum, Urin, Cerebrospinalflüssigkeit), Emulsionen, Suspensionen, Gemische, Zellkulturen, Fermentationskulturen, Zellen, Gewebe, Sekrete und/oder Derivate oder Extrakte davon.The term "sample" as used herein includes compounds, surfaces, solutions, environmentally relevant fluids (sewage, rainwater, drinking water, river water, seawater), industrial fluids, and biological fluids (eg, blood, blood plasma, blood serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid), emulsions, Suspensions, mixtures, cell cultures, fermentation cultures, cells, tissues, secretions and / or derivatives or extracts thereof.
Der hierin auch benutzte Begriff ”Analyt” betrifft Elemente, Ionen, Verbindungen oder Salze, Dissoziationsprodukte, Polymere, Aggregate oder Derivate davon.As used herein, the term "analyte" refers to elements, ions, compounds or salts, dissociation products, polymers, aggregates or derivatives thereof.
Für die intern referenzierten Sensoren kommen z. B. in Frage:
- – pH-Optoden mit Fluoreszeinderivaten als Indikator;
- – pH-Optoden mit covalent gebundenen Hydroxipyren-trisolfonsäure als Indikator;
- – Kohlendioxid-, Schwefelwasserstoff- und Ammoniumsensoren auf der Basis von Fluoreszinderivaten oder Rhodaminfarbstoffen als Indikator;
- – optische Schwermetallsensoren auf der Basis von Fluareszenzlöschung;
- – optische ionen-sensititive Sensoren zum Bestimmung von Calcium oder Magnesium mit PET-Indikatoren, wie etwa Calciumgrün, Calciumkarmesin- oder Furarot;
- – Kationen-Sensoren zur Bestimmung von Natrium, Kalium, Lithium, Magnesium, Kalzium z. B. auf der Basis von PET-Naphtalimid-Indikatoren oder auch Zink, Blei, Barium, Cadmium, Quecksilber, Lanthan;
- – Anionen-Sensoren auf der Basis von Fluoreszenzlöschung von Acrydin- und Bisacridin-Fluorophoren zum Erfassen von Chlorid, Bromid und Jodid;
- – Anionen-Sensoren zur Messung von Chlorid, Bromid oder Nitrat auf der Basis von potential-empfindlichen Farbstoffen (wie etwa Rhodamine oder Styryl-Fluorophore);
- – Kationen-Sensoren zur Messung von Kalium oder Natrium auf der Basis von potential-empfindlichen Farbstoffen;
- – Sensoren mit fluorogenen Reaktanten zur Messung von Aminen, Aldehyden oder Alkoholen;
- – Sensoren für Metabolite, wie Glukose, Laktat, Harnstoff, Kreatinin auf der Basis von fluorogenen Rezeptoren, beruhend auf Borsäurederivaten.
- - pH optodes with fluorescein derivatives as indicator;
- PH optodes with covalently bound hydroxypyrene trisulfonic acid as indicator;
- - Carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and ammonium sensors based on fluorescein derivatives or rhodamine dyes as an indicator;
- - optical heavy metal sensors based on fluorescence quenching;
- - optical ion-sensitive sensors for the determination of calcium or magnesium with PET indicators, such as calcium green, calcium carmine or furarot;
- - Cation sensors for the determination of sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium z. Based on PET naphthalimide indicators or zinc, lead, barium, cadmium, mercury, lanthanum;
- - Anion sensors based on fluorescence quenching of acrydine and bisacridine fluorophores to detect chloride, bromide and iodide;
- - Anion sensors for the measurement of chloride, bromide or nitrate on the basis of potential-sensitive dyes (such as rhodamine or styryl fluorophores);
- - cation sensors for the measurement of potassium or sodium on the basis of potential-sensitive dyes;
- - Sensors with fluorogenic reactants for the measurement of amines, aldehydes or alcohols;
- - Sensors for metabolites, such as glucose, lactate, urea, creatinine based on fluorogenic receptors, based on boric acid derivatives.
Als Biosensoren für verschiedene Metabolite kommen z. B. in Frage:
- – enzymatische Sensoren zum Erfassen von Glukose oder Lactat auf der Basis von Fluoreszez-pH-
optoden als Wandlerschicht 7 ; - – enzymatische Sensoren zum Erfassen von Harnstoff oder Kreatinin auf der Basis einer Fluoreszenz-Ammonium-, pH oder Ammoniumoptode;
- – einen mikrobiellen Sensor zur Messung des biologischen Sauerstoffbedarfs mit einem fluoreszenten pH-Sensor als Wandler;
- – enzymatische Sensoren zur Bestimmung von Glukose oder anderen Substraten auf der Basis der Messung der intrinsischen Fluoreszenz der Enzyme oder involvierten co-Enzyme (wie etwa in NADH).
- - Enzymatic sensors for detecting glucose or lactate on the basis of fluoresceence pH optodes as a
transducer layer 7 ; - Enzymatic sensors for detecting urea or creatinine on the basis of a fluorescence ammonium, pH or ammonium optode;
- - A microbial sensor for measuring the biological oxygen demand with a fluorescent pH sensor as a transducer;
- Enzymatic sensors for the determination of glucose or other substrates on the basis of the measurement of the intrinsic fluorescence of the enzymes or co-enzymes involved (such as in NADH).
Als Biosensoren auf Affinitätsbasis kommen z. B. in Frage:
- – Immunosensoren mit oberflächenimmobilisierten Antigenen oder Antikörpern und kompetitiver Bindung von fluorophor-markierten Antikörpern;
- – Biosensoren zum Identifizieren und Quantifizieren von Oligo-Nukleotiden oder DNA-Strängen auf der Basis von kompetitiver Bindung von fluorophor-markierten Oligo-Nukleotiden;
- – Biosensoren zum Identifizieren und Quantifizieren von Oligo-Nukleotiden oder DNA-Strängen mit eingelagerten Farbstoffen.
- Immunosensors with surface immobilized antigens or antibodies and competitive binding of fluorophore-labeled antibodies;
- Biosensors for identifying and quantifying oligo-nucleotides or DNA strands based on competitive binding of fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides;
- - Biosensors for identifying and quantifying oligo-nucleotides or DNA strands with incorporated dyes.
Typische Gebiete für die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Sensoren und Sensorfelder sind:
- – die Erfassung von Gasen, Elektrolyten und Metaboliten in Körperflüssigkeiten, wie etwa Blut, Serum, Plasma oder Urin,;
- – zweidimensionale Abbildung chemischer Parameter (z. B. transcutane Anwendungen);
- – diagnostische Bestimmung von Antikörpern, Antigenen und Oligo-Nukleotiden in Körperflüssigkeiten;
- – faseroptische Erfassung in Geweben oder gesamten Organen von Mensch oder Tier;
- – Immunoassays in durchsatzstarken Screening-Anwendungen;
- – Online-Nahrungsmittelanalyse (Bestimmung von Frische oder
- – Aufbewahrungsbedingungen);
- – Nahrungsmittelanalyse (genetische Tests);
- – Umweltanalytik (fluorometrische Bestimmung von Huminsäuren, Chlorophyll oder polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwassestoffen (PAH));
- – Kalibrationsfreie Erfassungssysteme zur Steuerung von Kulturierungsbedingungen in Bioreaktoren und Wachstumskammern;
- – Mikroplates mit integrierten optischen chemischen Sensoren;
- – Immunosensoren zum Erfassen von mikrobiologischer Kontamination.
- - the detection of gases, electrolytes and metabolites in body fluids such as blood, serum, plasma or urine;
- - two-dimensional mapping of chemical parameters (eg transcutaneous applications);
- - diagnostic determination of antibodies, antigens and oligo-nucleotides in body fluids;
- - optical fiber detection in tissues or whole organs of humans or animals;
- - immunoassays in high-throughput screening applications;
- - Online food analysis (determination of freshness or
- - storage conditions);
- - food analysis (genetic testing);
- - environmental analysis (fluorometric determination of humic acids, chlorophyll or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH));
- - Calibration-free detection systems for controlling culture conditions in bioreactors and growth chambers;
- - Microplates with integrated optical chemical sensors;
- - Immunosensors to detect microbiological contamination.
Claims (29)
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DE10101576.3A Expired - Lifetime DE10101576B4 (en) | 2001-01-15 | 2001-01-15 | Optical sensor and sensor field |
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DE102021102505A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-23 | Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg | Optochemical sensor and method for measuring luminescent analytes in a measuring medium |
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WO2002056023A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
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