DE10062835A1 - Piston engine with sequential steam injection has thermal insulation lining on combustion chamber wall, piston base, and cylinder wall, and regulated steam injection volume and injection timing - Google Patents

Piston engine with sequential steam injection has thermal insulation lining on combustion chamber wall, piston base, and cylinder wall, and regulated steam injection volume and injection timing

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Publication number
DE10062835A1
DE10062835A1 DE10062835A DE10062835A DE10062835A1 DE 10062835 A1 DE10062835 A1 DE 10062835A1 DE 10062835 A DE10062835 A DE 10062835A DE 10062835 A DE10062835 A DE 10062835A DE 10062835 A1 DE10062835 A1 DE 10062835A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
steam
internal combustion
combustion chamber
combustion engine
steam injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE10062835A
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German (de)
Inventor
Erich Schneider
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE10062835A priority Critical patent/DE10062835A1/en
Publication of DE10062835A1 publication Critical patent/DE10062835A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/032—Producing and adding steam
    • F02M25/038—Producing and adding steam into the cylinder or the pre-combustion chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Combustion chamber wall, piston base, and cylinder wall of the engine are coated with a thermally insulating material. A steam injection nozzle in the cylinder head is arranged, so that injected steam volume and injection timing can be regulated. The thermal insulation coating heats up after a few engine cycles, and this is followed by several cycles with steam injection, so that the insulation cools down again. The injected steam takes-up heat from the hot combustion chamber wall, to increase working pressure and efficiency of the steam power process.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine entsprechend dem Oberbe­ griff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine according to the Oberbe handle of claim 1.

Es ist bekannt, dass in herkömmlichen Verbrennungsmotoren der eingesetzte Kraft­ stoff zu 100% in Wärme umgesetzt wird, aber nur etwa ein Drittel davon in Arbeit umgewandelt werden kann. Der restliche Anteil von zwei Dritteln ist Abwärme und wird in den meisten Fällen ungenutzt an die Umwelt abgegeben.It is known that in conventional internal combustion engines the force used 100% of the material is converted into heat, but only about a third of it is in the works can be converted. The remaining part of two thirds is waste heat and is released unused to the environment in most cases.

Theoretisch müssten bei gutgeführten motorischen Prozessen 60-70% der verfüg­ baren Wärme in mechanische Energie wandelbar sein. Dieser Wert wird nicht er­ reicht, da der Verbrennungsprozess nicht perfekt geführt werden kann, hohe Wand­ wärmeverluste in Kauf genommen werden müssen und mechanische Verluste auf­ treten.Theoretically, 60-70% of the should be available for well-managed motor processes heat can be converted into mechanical energy. This value won't enough, because the combustion process cannot be carried out perfectly, high wall heat losses have to be accepted and mechanical losses to step.

Um die Wärmeverluste zu reduzieren, wurde probiert die Brennraumwandung ther­ misch zu isolieren. Keramische Werkstoffe kamen zum Einsatzt. Die negativen Re­ zultate der Versuche beruhn darauf, dass nach Erreichender Betriebsparameter des Motors, die jetzt sehr heisse isolierende Beschichtung der Brennkammer Rückwirk­ ung auf die ablaufenden motorischen Prozesse hatte, diese Prozesse unkontrollierbar­ er wurden und dadurch der Wirkungsgrad der Maschine sank.In order to reduce heat losses, the combustion chamber wall was tried mix isolate. Ceramic materials were used. The negative re The results of the tests are based on the fact that after the operating parameters of the Motors, the now very hot insulating coating of the combustion chamber on the ongoing motor processes, these processes could not be controlled he became and thus the efficiency of the machine decreased.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Brennraumwandung herkömmlicher Verbrennungs­ motoren thermisch zu isolieren um die Wärmeverluste zu reduzieren und weiterhin den kontrolierbaren Ablauf der Verbrennungsprozesse zu garantieren.The object of the invention is the combustion chamber wall of conventional combustion Thermally isolate motors to reduce heat loss and continue to guarantee the controllable sequence of the combustion processes.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass nach ein paar verbrennungsmotorischen Zyklen, einer oder mehrere Zyklen mit Wasserdampfeinspritzung folgen, während derer die Maschine dampfmotorisch arbeitet.This problem is solved by having a few internal combustion engines Cycles, follow one or more cycles with water vapor injection the machine works by steam engine.

Durch die Wasserdampfeinspritzung wird die überhitzte Brennraumwandung abge­ kühlt, die verbrennungsmotorischen Prozesse werden wieder kontrollierbar. Gleich­ zeitig wird die drucksteigernde Wärmewirkung der Wandung genutz.The superheated combustion chamber wall is removed by the water vapor injection cools, the internal combustion engine processes are controllable again. equal the pressure-increasing heat effect of the wall is used at an early stage.

Bei den bekannten Dampfmaschinen wird der Dampf mit höherer Temperatur in den Arbeitsraum eingebracht als die der Wandung. Somit findet eine Abkühlung des Mas­ senstroms schon während des Einbringens statt, mit den entsprechenden thermodyna­ mischen Verlusten.In the known steam engines, the steam is at a higher temperature in the Work space introduced than that of the wall. This will cool the mas current during the introduction, with the appropriate thermodyna mix losses.

Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung trägt die bei höherer Temperatur anliegende Wand­ wärme zur Dampfdruckerhöhung insbesondere während der Expansion bei.In the present invention, the wall at higher temperature supports heat to increase steam pressure, especially during expansion.

Der motorische Mitteldruck kann über die eingespritzte Dampfmenge geregelt und so das Drehmoment an der Kurbelwelle konstant gehalten werden. The motor mean pressure can be regulated via the amount of steam injected and so on the torque on the crankshaft can be kept constant.  

Das in Bild 1. dargestellte Beispiel zeigt einen Einzylinder-Viertaktmotor mit einem Pleuel-Kurbelwellentriebwerk 1 und einem Zylinder/Zylinderkopf mit integriertem Wandwärmetauscher 2.The example shown in Figure 1 shows a single-cylinder four-stroke engine with a connecting rod crankshaft engine 1 and a cylinder / cylinder head with an integrated wall-mounted heat exchanger 2 .

Eine Speisepumpe 4 fördert Wasser unter hohem Druck in den Wärmetauscher 2, der den Motorbrennraum ummantelt. Hier wird die abgegebene Wandwärme dazu genutzt das Wasser zu erwärmen und teilweise zu verdampfen. Die vollständige Verdampfung findet im nachgeschalteten Wärmetauscher 3 statt, der die Abgasanlage, einschliess­ lich Katalysator, ummantelt. Hier wird den Verbrennungsabgasen die Wärme mög­ lichst vollständig entzogen. Der erzeugte Dampf wird anschliessend, von einem Ventil gesteuert, im richtigen Zeitpunkt und in der richtigen Menge in den Brennraum/Ar­ beitsraum der Maschine eingebracht.A feed pump 4 pumps water under high pressure into the heat exchanger 2 , which surrounds the engine combustion chamber. Here the wall heat is used to heat the water and partially to evaporate it. The complete evaporation takes place in the downstream heat exchanger 3 , which encases the exhaust system, including the catalyst. Here, the heat is extracted as completely as possible from the combustion exhaust gases. The steam generated is then controlled by a valve and brought into the combustion chamber / working area of the machine at the right time and in the right amount.

Die Maschine arbeitet wie folgt:
Der Viertaktmotor wird herkömmlich verbrennungsmotorisch gestartet. Sensoren in der Brennraumwandung stellen den Grad der Erwärmung der Keramikschicht fest. Ist die maximal zulässige Wandungstemperatur erreicht, wird die Kraftstoffzufuhr unter­ brochen, während die Maschine viertaktmässig weiterläuft. Zusätzlich wird aber jetzt für den Dampfmotorbetrieb jedesmal vor Erreichen des Kompressionsmaximums das Dampfeinspritzventil 4 geöffnet und die entsprechende Dampfmenge eingespritzt. Die Expansion läuft mit erhöhtem Druckverlauf ab, wie in Bild 2. dargestellt. Nach Abkühlung der Brennraumwandung wird wieder auf verbrennungsmotorischen Be­ trieb umgeschaltet.The machine works as follows:
The four-stroke engine is conventionally started by an internal combustion engine. Sensors in the combustion chamber wall determine the degree of heating of the ceramic layer. If the maximum permissible wall temperature is reached, the fuel supply is interrupted while the machine continues to run every four cycles. In addition, the steam injection valve 4 is now opened for steam engine operation each time before the compression maximum is reached and the corresponding amount of steam is injected. The expansion takes place with an increased pressure curve, as shown in Figure 2. After the combustion chamber wall has cooled, it is switched back to combustion engine operation.

Es stellen dar:They represent:

Bild 1 - Kurbelwellenverbrennungsmotor mit Pleuel (1), Brennraumwandwärme­ tauscher (2), Abgasanlagewärmetauscher (3), Flüssigkeitshochdruckpumpe (4), Dampfeinspritzventil (5). Figure 1 - Crankshaft internal combustion engine with connecting rod ( 1 ), combustion chamber wall heat exchanger ( 2 ), exhaust gas system heat exchanger ( 3 ), high-pressure liquid pump ( 4 ), steam injection valve ( 5 ).

Bild 2 - Druckverläufe im Dampfmotorenbetrieb-Verdichtungs/Expansionsverlauf ohne Dampfeinspritzung (1), Dampfeinspritzbeginn (2), Dampfdruckspitze (3), Druckverlauf mit Dampfeinspritzung (4), Auslassventilöffnungszeit­ punkt (5). Figure 2 - Pressure curves in the steam engine operation compression / expansion curve without steam injection ( 1 ), steam injection start ( 2 ), steam pressure peak ( 3 ), pressure curve with steam injection ( 4 ), exhaust valve opening time point ( 5 ).

Claims (8)

1. Verbrwennungsmotor, mit mindestens einem Brennraum und mindestens einem Kolben-Pleuel-Kurbelwellensystem dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennraumwandung, der Kolbenboden und die Zylinderwandung mit ther­ misch isolierendem Material beschichtet sind.1. Internal combustion engine, with at least one combustion chamber and at least one piston-connecting rod crankshaft system, characterized in that the combustion chamber wall, the piston crown and the cylinder wall are coated with thermally insulating material. 2. Verbrennungsmotor, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Zylinder­ kopf der Maschine eine Dampfeinspritzdüse eingebaut ist, die so ausgelegt ist, dass sowohl die eingespritzte Dampfmenge als auch der Zeitpunkt der Einspritzung steuer­ bar sind.2. Internal combustion engine, according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cylinder a steam injection nozzle is installed in the head of the machine, which is designed such that control both the amount of steam injected and the timing of the injection are cash. 3. Verbrennungsmotor, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Betrieb der Maschine, sich nach ein paar verbrennungsmotorischen Zyklen die thermisch isolierende Beschichtung des Brennraums aufheizt, und dass darauf ein paar Zyklen mit Dampfeinspritzung folgen, während derer die Brennraumwandung wieder abge­ kühlt wird.3. Internal combustion engine, according to claim 1, characterized in that in operation the machine, after a few internal combustion engine cycles, the thermal insulating coating of the combustion chamber heats up, and that a few cycles follow with steam injection, during which the combustion chamber wall is removed again is cooled. 4. Verbrennungsmotor, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Betriebs der Maschine, der eingespritzte Wasserdampf von der heissen Brennraum­ wandung Wärme aufnimmt, der Arbeitsdruck dadurch steigt und somit der Wirkungs­ grad des Dampfkraftprozesses gesteigert wird.4. Internal combustion engine, according to claim 1, characterized in that during the Operating the machine, the injected water vapor from the hot combustion chamber wall absorbs heat, which increases the working pressure and thus the effectiveness degree of the steam power process is increased. 5. Verbrennungsmotor, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zylinder­ wandung und der Zylinderkopf mit Kühlkanälen versehen sind, in denen das Wasser für den Dampfprozess vorgewärmt wird.5. Internal combustion engine, according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder wall and the cylinder head are provided with cooling channels in which the water is preheated for the steam process. 6. Verbrennungsmotor, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auspuff­ krümmer mit einem Wärmetauscher ummantelt ist, in welchem das Wasser für den Dampfprozess zu Dampf aufbereitet wird.6. Internal combustion engine, according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust is covered with a heat exchanger in which the water for the Steam process is processed into steam. 7. Verbrennungsmotor, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der eingebau­ te Katalysator aus dem Auspuffstrang in den Wärmetauscher, aus Anspruch 6, inte­ griert wird7. Internal combustion engine, according to claim 1, characterized in that the installation te catalyst from the exhaust line into the heat exchanger, from claim 6, inte is griert 8. Verbrennungsmotor, nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an Stel­ le von Wasser und Wasserdampf, auch andere umweltverträgliche verflüssigbare Stoffe, wie z. B. CO2, als Wärmeträger verwendet werden können.8. Internal combustion engine, according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that at Stel le of water and steam, also other environmentally friendly liquefiable substances, such as. B. CO 2 , can be used as a heat transfer medium.
DE10062835A 2000-12-17 2000-12-17 Piston engine with sequential steam injection has thermal insulation lining on combustion chamber wall, piston base, and cylinder wall, and regulated steam injection volume and injection timing Withdrawn DE10062835A1 (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007115769A2 (en) * 2006-04-04 2007-10-18 Electricite De France Piston steam engine having internal flash vapourisation of a working medium
WO2007118435A1 (en) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-25 Andreas Schilke Combustion engine with direct water injection
DE102008002903A1 (en) 2008-06-24 2010-01-14 Tutech Innovation Gmbh Method for braking an internal combustion engine
DE102011052502A1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-14 von Görtz & Finger Techn. Entwicklungs GmbH internal combustion engine
CN102996237A (en) * 2011-12-01 2013-03-27 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 High-pressure working medium heat engine
CN103306847A (en) * 2012-06-19 2013-09-18 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 Gas working phase circulating engine
DE102016012894B4 (en) 2015-11-12 2018-05-09 Mazda Motor Corporation An engine, control device therefor, method of controlling an engine and computer program product
CN113250816A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-13 李建云 Distributed engine and system with independent combustion chambers

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE154035C (en) *
DE2240426A1 (en) * 1972-08-17 1974-02-21 Wolfgang Dipl Ing Koehler COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
DE3017385C2 (en) * 1980-05-07 1985-02-14 Karl-Georg 4100 Duisburg Starker Water-cooled internal combustion engine
DE4040884A1 (en) * 1990-12-20 1992-07-02 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Combustion chamber lining for piston engine - is heat-insulating to raise temp. on chamber walls
DE9316282U1 (en) * 1993-10-25 1994-01-20 Teppert, Josef, 81739 München Internal combustion engine
DE19622947A1 (en) * 1996-06-07 1998-08-13 Lukoschus Gerd Dipl Ing Water injection for IC engine
DE19723109A1 (en) * 1997-06-03 1998-12-17 Huebner Hans Juergen Ing Grad Thermos motor as combustion thermal engine with diesel direct injection

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE154035C (en) *
DE2240426A1 (en) * 1972-08-17 1974-02-21 Wolfgang Dipl Ing Koehler COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
DE3017385C2 (en) * 1980-05-07 1985-02-14 Karl-Georg 4100 Duisburg Starker Water-cooled internal combustion engine
DE4040884A1 (en) * 1990-12-20 1992-07-02 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Combustion chamber lining for piston engine - is heat-insulating to raise temp. on chamber walls
DE9316282U1 (en) * 1993-10-25 1994-01-20 Teppert, Josef, 81739 München Internal combustion engine
DE19622947A1 (en) * 1996-06-07 1998-08-13 Lukoschus Gerd Dipl Ing Water injection for IC engine
DE19723109A1 (en) * 1997-06-03 1998-12-17 Huebner Hans Juergen Ing Grad Thermos motor as combustion thermal engine with diesel direct injection

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007115769A2 (en) * 2006-04-04 2007-10-18 Electricite De France Piston steam engine having internal flash vapourisation of a working medium
WO2007115769A3 (en) * 2006-04-04 2008-07-10 Electricite De France Piston steam engine having internal flash vapourisation of a working medium
US8061133B2 (en) 2006-04-04 2011-11-22 Electricite De France Piston steam engine with internal flash vaporization of a work medium
WO2007118435A1 (en) * 2006-04-15 2007-10-25 Andreas Schilke Combustion engine with direct water injection
DE102008002903A1 (en) 2008-06-24 2010-01-14 Tutech Innovation Gmbh Method for braking an internal combustion engine
DE102011052502A1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-14 von Görtz & Finger Techn. Entwicklungs GmbH internal combustion engine
DE102011052502B4 (en) * 2011-08-08 2013-05-16 von Görtz & Finger Techn. Entwicklungs GmbH internal combustion engine
EP2557294B1 (en) * 2011-08-08 2022-03-23 v. Görtz & Finger Techn. Entwicklungs GmbH Combustion Engine
CN102996237A (en) * 2011-12-01 2013-03-27 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 High-pressure working medium heat engine
CN103306847A (en) * 2012-06-19 2013-09-18 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 Gas working phase circulating engine
DE102016012894B4 (en) 2015-11-12 2018-05-09 Mazda Motor Corporation An engine, control device therefor, method of controlling an engine and computer program product
CN113250816A (en) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-13 李建云 Distributed engine and system with independent combustion chambers

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