CZ20033259A3 - Ammunition with a double core - Google Patents

Abstract

A bullet jacket (70; 170) precursor, a pellet first core (72; 172) precursor, and a second core (74; 174) precursor are provided. The pellet and second core precursor are inserted into the jacket precursor. The second core precursor is pressed against the pellet so as to deform the pellet to fill a frontal volume of the jacket precursor as a first core with relatively less (if any) deformation of the second core precursor. An aft portion of the jacket precursor is deformed to contain the second core precursor as a second core. Preferred embodiments are formed substantially as drop-in replacements for existing bullets. A match embodiment features a lead rear core and a very light front core (e.g., a carbonate powder). A non-toxic embodiment comprises a tin front core and a harder rear core.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to ammunition for small arms, and in particular to missiles particularly suitable for large caliber pistols and conventional caliber revolvers (collectively referred to hereinafter as pistols).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the prior art, there is a wide selection of cartridge sizes applicable to pistols, rifles, or both. The basic missiles for conventional pistol ammunition include: .380 Automatic (also known as 9 mm Kurz), 9 mm Luger (also known as 9x19 and 9 mm Parabellum), .40 Smith & Wesson (S&W), 45 Automatic (also) known as Automatic Colt Pistol (ACP)) and 10 mm Automatic missile. The basic dimensions of pistol shells are specified in the Voluntary Industry Performance Standards for Pressure and Velocity of Centerfire Pistol and Revolver Ammunition for Commercial Manufacturers «9 9 (Optional Implementation Standards for Buoyancy and Ammunition Speed of Large Caliber Pistols and Revolvers for Commercial Manufacturers), ANSI / SAAMI Z299.3-1993 (ed. Of the American National Standards Institute, New York, NY). The newer .357 Sig missile is also acceptable for these purposes.

After many decades of use of the .45 ACP, the US Army began using the fully ogival, pointed, full-shell (FMC, a.k.a, full metal clad (FMJ)) 9mm Luger missile as a standard missile for military side weapons (army pistols) in the 1980s. Parameters of M882 cartridges with 9 mm Luger missiles, which are purchased by the US Army, are listed in United States Military standard MIL-C-70508, the content of which for the purposes of interpretation incorporated into the call-offs in its entire width.

In the past, pistol missiles were made either entirely of lead or sheathed with lead. However, increased interest in environmental protection has recently led to the development of lead-free alternatives.

U.S. Patent No. 5,399,187 to Mravic et al. Discloses various alternatives to the use of powder metallurgy to replace lead bullets.

U.S. Patent No. 5,500,183 to Noordegraaf et al., And U.S. Patent No. 6,016,754 to Enlow et al. Disclose the use of tin-based missiles.

In PCT / US 96/17664 (WO 97/20185),

Olin Corporation, Valdez et al., Is known to have a series of lead-free double-core pistol missiles. Between

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! ·; Examples of such bullets are the listed bullets with a sintered copper-ferro-tungsten sintered material and a lead core of powdered calcium carbonate powder.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present inventor proposes a new manufacturing process and uses it for the production of new missiles. The process consists in providing a bullet shell precursor, a first core precursor in the form of a pellet, and a second core precursor. The first and second core precursors are introduced into the sheath precursor. The second core precursor is pressed against the first core precursor to deform the first core precursor shape such that the first core precursor fills, as the first core, the front volume of the shell precursor, with relatively less (if any) deformation of the second core precursor shape. Finally, the shape of the rear portion of the shell precursor deforms to accommodate, as a second core, the precursor of the second core.

Preferred embodiments are designed as substantially suitable replacements for existing missiles. In order to achieve the desired weight at a given shape profile, a portion of the rear ogive of the bullet may be slightly longer than that of the replaced bullet and may be inserted into the cartridge at a greater depth. The missile in a competition design is characterized by a lead back core and a very light front core (for example, carbonate in the form of powder). The non-toxic missile includes a tin front core and a harder rear core. The precursor of the first core may be formed in the form of a pellet, and in particular in the form of a spherical pellet. The second core precursor may be cylindrical

I ♦ * «« · · · ·

· »Parts with one or two convex end sections.

Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The details of the present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to one or more examples of specific embodiments thereof in conjunction with the drawings in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a pistol cartridge;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the bullet suitable for the cartridge of Fig. 1;

3 to 7 of FIG. 2, in section;

the individual projectile steps of the projectile shown in longitudinal view of the second bullet, in longitudinal section; 9 and 10, as seen in FIG. 8, in cross-section.

individual steps of the projectile production in longitudinal view

Identical components are b * b * b · b b ft b b b

9 99 99 of the individual figures indicated by the same reference numerals, respectively. with the same designation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a cartridge 20 comprising a cartridge 22, a bullet 24, a propellant cartridge 26, and a match 28. The cartridge and match are preferably of a standard size and match made of conventional materials such as M882 cartridges. The cartridge in the embodiment shown is integrally formed of brass and symmetrical about a central longitudinal axis 100 that coincides with the centerline of the bullet. The cartridge comprises a wall 30 extending from the front end 32 to the rear end 34. At the rear end of the wall, the cartridge includes a head 36. The head has a front surface 38 and a rear surface 40. The front surface 38 and the inner surface 41 of the wall 30 define a cavity configured to receive Further, the head has surfaces 44 and 46 defining a substantially cylindrical match bed that extends forwardly from the rear surface 40. Still further, the head has a surface 48 defining a shroud extending from the match bed into the cavity. In the illustrated embodiment, the surface 48 and the paw 49 are defined by it as cylindrical, for example of a regular circular cross-section.

The match 28 comprises a metal cup consisting of a sleeve and a bottom enclosing the rear end of the sleeve formed integrally. Advantageously, a non-toxic lead-free primer composition (e.g. based on dinol) is contained in the primer cup, forward of its bottom surface. On the front side, the match composition in the match cup is covered with an anvil having a back and front surface, and at least one vent hole (vent) extending therebetween. On the back of the anvil is a paper lamella or thin film.

The first missile design is designed to provide increased accuracy and is used, for example, for target shooting or shooting competitions. The missile 24 shown in FIG. 2 consists essentially of a full metal shell 70, a front core 72, and a rear core 74. It is well known in the industry that the pointed FMC projectile used, for example, in conjunction with the M882 hub is inevitably inaccurate. One of the determining geometric parameters affecting missile accuracy is the location of its CG center of gravity relative to the surface of the missile tip. The accuracy of missiles with stabilized rotation increases with increasing distance of center of gravity. One method commonly used to increase this distance and to maintain a comparable weight is to remove the cylindrical core portion (including the sheath material surrounding the core portion) and transfer weight to the rear of the missile. This embodiment is typically referred to as a hollow tip design. Another method is to flatten the bullet tip, substantially forming a small face. The aerodynamic resistance of the bullet increases and, as a result, the location of the location of buoyancy CP. The buoyancy point CP is in this state closer to the front surface of the projectile and at a greater distance from the CG. The larger CG spacing and CP lift position stabilizes the faster missile against any initial yaw, making it more precise to follow the missile path delimited by the weapon's point of view.

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999 9999 «*

The first embodiment enhances missile accuracy by shifting the CG center of gravity rearward by replacing a portion of the high density core material, such as lead, with a lower density material. In this state, the front core 72 may be, for example, 2.5 grams (0.16 g) of sodium carbonate, while the rear core 74 may be 107.5 grams (6.97 g) of lead and the sheath 14.0 grams (0). , 91 g) brass. As a result, the bullet is somewhat longer if it is desirable to maintain substantially the same weight, but the CG is displaced rearward in this embodiment. For example, in the case of a 9 mm FMC projectile (124.0 gren (8.04 g)) used in the M882 hub, its CG center is located at a distance of 1.00 caliber from the tip surface, whereas in the first exemplary embodiment it is 1.18 caliber (18% displacement). In a double-barrel firing test, the M882 has an average dispersion at 10 shots of 3.6 inches (91.44 mm) per 50 yards (45.7 m), while the first exemplary design is only 1.9 inches (48.26 mm) representing a 46% improvement. This is in line with the predicted improvement in variance, calculated using SOLD - an external ballistic computer program provided by Arrow Tech Associates.

According to an exemplary manufacturing method, the shell 70 is initially formed in the form of a substantially straight shell tube (see FIG. 3). This precursor shell precursor is inserted into a die (not shown) having the desired outer shape of the front portion and the bullet tip, and molded with a punch (not shown) having the desired inner shape. This forms the shell precursor into its second phase (see Fig. 4). Preferably, the shape profile of the outer and inner surfaces does not change during missile shaping operations. The cores (more precisely the cores precursors) are then inserted into the preformed preform (see Fig. 5). ). Generally speaking, the greater the difference in density of the two cores, the greater will be the rearward displacement of the CG center of gravity in the assembled missile. The preferred core material is powdered sodium carbonate pressed into a precursor core in the form of a spherical pellet. The powder used may include a small amount of wax or other binder to maintain the integrity of the pellet during initial phase handling. Other materials are also acceptable. These materials should preferably have a specific gravity of less than 3.0 g / cm ³ . In addition, they should preferably be relatively inert and non-toxic. The spherical shape of the pellet is preferred because its surface 73 will be in contact with the inner surface 71 of the shell upon insertion into the skirt preform, thereby automatically aligning to the center line (geometric center line) and thereby generally maintaining the CG position. on this axis.

In the initial state of the precursor, the rear core 74 preferably has at least a convex front surface 75 and may be provided with a similar convex rear surface 76. Between these two surfaces extends a cylindrical side surface 77. The two-sided rear core symmetry eliminates the need to specifically specify and orient its front end relative to front core precursor. The radius of curvature R of the front surface preferably ranges between the radius R 1 of the rear core precursor (i.e., the radius of cross section that has a cylindrically shaped rear core with convexly convex hemispherical ends) and approximately the diameter (i.e. 2.Ri) of the rear core precursor. The described shape configuration avoids warping or damaging the soft lead core during handling before pressing (for example • 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 However, other damage to said edge, such as chamfering, may provide some benefit.

in effect was an accompanying phenomenon

The hardness or strength of the low density pellet should be less than that of the back core precursor, so that during compression the pellet is pulverized back into its original powder form and so that the pellet assumes the surface shape in the region 80 after deformation. the front end of the rear core and, in the region 81, the shape profile of the inner surface 71 of the tip of the bullet shell (see FIG. 6). Testing has shown that the spherical structure of sodium carbonate will be crushed under a force of about 5 lb.f (22 N), while the rear lead core will not deform until a force of at least 50 lb.f (222 N) is applied. wherein the spherical structure is already deformed to fill the space reserved for the low density material. As the force applied to the rear surface of the rear core increases, the diameter of the rear core expands in the transverse direction and thus fills the inner volume of the shell (for example, under a force greater than 200 lb.f (890 N)). 7) and finally (see FIG. 8) using standard molding tools and technological processes.

Generally speaking, the volume of the low density front core, which is given by its specific gravity, should be reasonably such as to provide the desired backward CG shift of the CG. This volume will typically be well below 50% of the inner shell volume. A range of 5 to 40%, and more specifically a range of 10 to 20%, is likely.

V 4 4 * * * 4 4 * * 4 4 4 * 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 v 4 4 4 v

For producing lead-free, non-toxic missile 124 (see FIG. 8), essentially the same manufacturing process can be used. The most important examples to provide a suitable substitution for the desired purpose, which may have a slightly different rear ogival length, duplicate the weight and ogival shape profile of existing pointed FMC missiles. 10 according to Brinell). The rear core 174 is suitably harder than the front core and has a specific gravity of at least 75% of the specific gravity of lead. Preferred materials are: tin for the front core; and a tungsten-filled nylon resin having a specific gravity of 10.2 g / cm ³ for the rear core. Exemplary material is marketed by the RTP Company, Winona, Minnesota, and is believed to contain a small amount of copper in addition to tungsten.

Exemplary lead-free projectile charge compensation M882 ^T could include a front core weight of 12.0 grains of (0.78 g) and a rear core weight of 98.0 grains of (6.35 g). Other materials applicable to the front core could include rubber, silicone, glazing putty, and compressed inert powders, for example those used in competitive shots. The back core materials could include nickel, copper, and pressed, partially sintered iron-tungsten-based powder. Since the natural nature of the rear core materials mentioned above allows a slightly greater strength than the lead strength in terms of tamper resistance, the rear core can easily be formed in the form of a roller without convex ends. In addition to being nontoxic, this bullet preferably duplicates the penetration of the lead bullet to be replaced. It is particularly desirable for the missile

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · fibers), used by law enforcement officers, to a greater extent than a lead core bullet. The National Institute of Justice, U.S. Pat. Dept. Of Justice (National Judicial Institute of the United States Department of Justice) has established minimum quality standards for protective shields as detailed in NIJ Standard 0101.04 Ballistic

Resistance of Police Body Armor. This standard specifies that the Shield Quality Level 2 will provide protection against any ammunition for short firearms, with the exception of 44 Magnum ammunition, which requires Quality Level 3A to provide protection to the wearer against firearm injury. A test carried out in accordance with the aforementioned NIJ standard confirmed that the shield with grade 2 quality will stop the M882 bullet. However, in the case where the bullet core consists of a material having a Brinell hardness greater than 10, there will be no deformation of the shape of the bullet tip and the bullet will consequently pass through the shield. This will also be overcome by protection with grade 3A quality. Under substantially the same conditions, the NIJ also met the missile 124, replacing the M882 bullet with a tin tip.

Generally speaking, the volume of the anterior core should be sufficient to explicitly allow for adequate deformation of the bullet tip upon impact so that it does not penetrate through the required level of shield quality. This volume will typically be well below 50% of the inner shell volume. A range of 5 to 40%, and more specifically a range of 10 to 20%, is likely.

An exemplary non-toxic bullet 124 is produced in substantially the same manner as the competing bullet 24 except that ±.

The rear core precursor 174 is rather cylindrical and first comes into contact with the inner surface of the shell when assembling the projectile, and not the front core precursor 172 (see FIG. 9). Applying force to the rear surface of the rear core precursor deforms its front surface and, as it moves forward, first copies the shape of the inner surface of the shell and then causes the front core precursor to be pressed from tin so that the front core follows the shape of the tip of the shell and the front surface of the rear precursor. core (see Fig. 10). In the exemplary embodiment, a force of 100 lb.f (445 N) is required to completely change the shape of the tin spherical structure, and a force of 500 lb.f (2224 N) to fill the rear core precursor in the transverse direction accordingly. In the case where the diameter of the precursor rear core precursor is too small, the tin could, as a result of pressing, advance backward between the rear core precursor and the sheath, thereby reducing the efficiency of the front core. The remaining steps of the projectile formation process (e.g., tapering and finishing) are substantially the same as those used in completing and completing the competitive projectile.

Throughout the foregoing description, the values of the given parameters are given in both English and metric units, the first being the original unit, and the second its corresponding conversion to the metric units.

One or more embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, it must be understood that further modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Proposed missiles are, although certain φ

φ φ

The advantages described may be particularly relevant in combination with certain existing ammunition calibers and associated technical specifications, applicable to other calibers and technical specifications, either current or future. . In addition, other additional features, such as sealing strips, sheathing and the like, may be used for particular applications. Accordingly, all such embodiments fall within the claimed scope of the appended claims.

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Claims (22)

PATENT CLAIMS A method of producing a projectile (24; 124), comprising: providing a shell precursor (70; 170); providing a first core precursor (72; 172) in the form of a pellet; introducing the pellet into the shell precursor; providing a second core precursor (74; 174); introducing a second core precursor into the shell precursor to the rear of the pellet; pressurizing the second core precursor against the pellet to deform it so that the pellet, like the first core, fills the front volume of the shell precursor, with relatively less deformation of the second core precursor shape; and deforming the shape of the rear portion of the shell precursor to accommodate, as a second core, a precursor of the second core. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the front half of the shell precursor has a substantially final shape already before the introduction of the pellet. The method of claim 1, wherein said postpressing comprises at least two phases: a first phase of applying relatively low force / pressure to deform the shape of the pellet to substantially fill the front volume of the shell precursor, and a second phase of applying a relatively high force / pressure to deform the shape of the precursor of the second core to expand laterally and fill the rear volume of the shell precursor. . »· φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ The method of claim 1, wherein a second core precursor having a convex front surface (75) and a side surface (77) is cylindrical over most of the length of the second core precursor. The method of claim 1, wherein a second core precursor having a convex front surface (75), a cylindrical side surface (77), and a convex rear surface (76) is used. The method of claim 1, wherein the pellet has a density less than 30% of the density of the second core. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pellet is designed as a spherical structure. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the precursor of the second core (174) is designed as a cylinder of circular cross-section. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second core abut each other. The method of claim 1, wherein the first core (172) is substantially pure tin having a tin content of at least 99.85% by weight, a yield strength of 11.0 MPa or less, and a hardness in the range of 3 to 5 HB . The method of claim 10, wherein the second core (174) is substantially pure copper. Method according to claim 10, characterized by: - 10 • · · 9 • · · * 999 9 • 99 9 9 9999 9 9 9 99 99 that second core is in essentially a polymer with fillings material based on tungsten 13. The method of claim 1, denoting s e by that the first core (72) is in essentially powder with measure weight less than 3.0. The method of claim 13, wherein the second core (74) is lead-based. The method of claim 1, further comprising introducing a projectile (24; 124) into a cartridge (22) selected from the group consisting of .357 Magnum, .357 Sig, .38 Special, .40 Smith & Wesson, 9. mm Luger, and 10 mm Automatic to create a hub (20). Method according to claim 15, characterized in that when the bullet (24; 124) is inserted into the cartridge (22), the bullet has a length of 1.165-0.025 inches (29.6-0.6 mm). The method of claim 1, wherein the bullet has a diameter of between 0.35 and 0.46 inches (8.9 and 11.7 mm). A missile (24), comprising: a shell (70); a first core (72) contained in the housing; a second core (74) contained in a skirt at the rear of the first core, characterized in that the second core is lead-based and the first core consists largely of non-metallic powder. · Ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft A bullet according to claim 18, characterized in that: first core (72) includes at least 80.0 percent % by weight one or more carbonates; second core (74) includes at least 95.0 percent by weight;  and plastic ( 70) includes at least 50.0 percent % by weight copper. The bullet (24) of claim 18, wherein the bullet is an ogive bullet. The bullet (24) of claim 18, wherein the bullet is a non-hollow bullet and a full metal shell. The bullet according to claim 18, wherein the bullet has a nominal caliber of 9 mm and a weight of 123.5 to 124,5 grán (8,00 to 8.07 g) · 23. Bullet (124), p summarizing: plastic (170); first core (172) included in the housing; second core (174) contained in the mantle on j ádra, characterized that: first core consists at least 50 percent tin; and second core consists at least 50 percent of tungsten. 24. Bullet according to Claim 23, characterized by in that the first core is effectively deformable such that the missile j λ, -λ, ι ·, / 0ΓΛΛ · p \, • 9 9 9 9 9 9999 ·· fe 9 9 9 9 9 • 9 9 9 9 9 * ♦ · 9 «·· 99 99 will not break through the Grade 2 Quality Shield upon impact. 25. The bullet of claim 23, wherein: the first core (172) comprising at least weight tin; the second core (174) comprising at least a weight of tungsten-filled polymer; and the sheath (170) comprises at least 50.0 percent 80.0 percent 95.0 percent by weight of copper, 26. The bullet of claim 23, wherein the bullet has a weight of 120 to 125 grams (7.78 to 8.10 g).