CS243609B1 - Means for the protection of emerging sugar beet plants against scalding - Google Patents

Abstract

The solution concerns the biological protection of emerging sugar beet plants and solves the problem of how to protect these plants against parasitic fungi such as Pythium ultimum, P. debaryanum, P. irregulare and Rhizoczonia and at the same time against harmful insects without polluting the biosphere with chemical pesticides. For this purpose, aqueous suspensions or powder preparations containing conidia of fungi of the genus Beauveria, especially B. broigniartii, for which only their effect against insects was known so far. The preparations can be applied to sugar beet seeds or to the soil around them, or to the seeds and to the soil. The result is lower losses and healthier plant growth, and thus increased average yields per hectare.

Description

(54) Product for the protection of incoming sugar beet plants against scorch

The solution relates to the biological protection of emerging sugar beet plants and solves the problem of how to protect these plants against parasitic fungi such as Pythium ultimum, P. debaryanum, P. irregulare and Rhizoczonia, as well as harmful insects without polluting the biosphere with chemical pesticides. Aqueous suspensions or powder formulations containing conidia of the fungus of the genus Beauveria, in particular B. broigniartii, for which only their insect action has been known to date, are used. The preparations can be applied to the seeds of sugar beet or to the soil in their vicinity, or to seeds and soil. The result is less loss and healthier plant growth, and thus increased average yields per hectare.

The present invention relates to a new use of mycoparasitic fungi of the genus Beauveria in which only their pathological action on various insect species has been known so far.

It has been known since the middle of the last century that numerous insects such as flies, beetle larvae, various caterpillars and others have been attacked by entomophagous fungi of the genus Beauveria, Vertioillium, Aspergillus and others, many authors have studied mainly Beauveria fungi such as B. bassiana or B. brongniartii (see, for example, Olga Passati: Fungi and Filamentous Fungi in Technical Microbiology, SNTL, Prague 1979, or Jaroslav Weiser: Insect Diseases, published by Academia Praha, 1964).

In particular, the use of the fungus Beauveria bassiana was brought up to the production of commercial preparations, which have proven themselves in field use, see for example MS. No. 105,414 and U.S. Pat. author's certificate No. 155 923, or Czechosl. author's certificate No 212 078.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that mycoparasites attacking the incinerator of incoming sugar beet include Beauveria fungi and that aqueous suspensions or dry preparations containing conidia of B. brongniartii can advantageously be used to protect sugar beet against incinerating plants.

In plate tests on agar media, both Beauveria species inhibited virtually all agents of the above disease. Very strong inhibition and manifestations of mycoparasitism have been found against Pythium ultimum, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium irregulare, Rhizoctonia solani, ie the soil-dwelling species. They suppressed both species very well and parasitized on beet populations: Phoma betae and Alternaria spp.

Both species of the genus Beauveria rapidly fructified and generated the next generations that caused lysis of the mycelium of the jointly tested phytopathogenic species. Beauveria spp. The 2nd and 3rd generations grew under colonies or on colonies of phytopathogenic fungi. Here either the host mycelium lysed or Beauveria spp. they created a rich, airy mycelium that parasitized the host.

This established broad competitive and mycoparasitic ability against phytopathogenic species creates good conditions for biological combat against phytopathogenic fungal species, especially against pathogens of sugar beet, as evidenced by other pot and field field trials.

The fact that fungi of the genus Beauveria populate the soil and tolerate a wide temperature range is very favorable for the intention of biological protection against phytopathogenic species that originate from the same ecosystem, namely against root diseases of crops.

In in vivo experiments, B. brongniartii gave excellent results in protecting emerging sugar beet plants against scorch, especially at lower temperatures, see the attached Table 1.

It has been found that fungi of the genus Beauveria grow well on synthetic media, such as those prepared according to the author's certificate Nos. 199 906, 204 208 and 213 659.

Beauveria brongniartii, which is also effective against harmful insects, has proven to be the best in the protection of sugar beet against burns.

For industrial cultivation, for example, the media according to example 3 of the author's certificate 204 208 can advantageously be used, both for submerged cultivation and for stationary surface cultivation, in order to produce a liquid or powdered organic preparation. This allows a wide range of formulations to be used in different application forms both on the surface of the seeds and in the soil.

The great advantage of using Beauveria fungi for biological protection against phyto3 pathogenic fungi is that a single product simultaneously works against two completely different harmful agents attacking emerging beet plants, both against phytopathogenic fungi such as Pythium ultimum and against animal pests of the same plant, for example against Atomaria linearis. Thus, the method of the invention and compositions for use thereof are the first case of multiple biological protection efficacy, which is usually narrowly specific. Thus, the biological pesticide, which suppresses harmful agents from both plant and animal kingdoms, becomes the first model of the next generation of new type biological preparations.

Claims (1)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Use of a preparation based on a fungus of the genus Beauveria, in particular B. brongniartii, in a suitable form, in particular in the form of conidia in aqueous suspensions or in powder, as a means of protecting emerging sugar beet plants against scorch.