CS221680B1 - Low-foaming washing means - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a low-foaming composition based on nonionic surfactants with high efficiency in textile finishing detergent processes.

In accordance with the trend of the development of the textile refining processes and the introduction of new technological processes on progressive machinery, new requirements for surface-active textile auxiliaries (TPP) are laid. One of the new requirements for TPP is that they do not foam, having only low foaming in aqueous solution, since the foaming of quenching baths in new textile-intensive technologies can cause technological difficulties. These will be manifested by incorrect processing of the textile material or by the deterioration of the functionality of the finishing and dyeing machines operating with high turbulence of the finishing bath. Only surfactant-based products which, in addition to their high efficiency, for example in the detergent process, also have a reduced foam-forming capacity, respectively, can be used. controlled and controlled foam formation.

Non-foaming detergents can be prepared in a number of ways. German Patent Number

No. 360,020 discloses a detergent based on glycerin derivatives with 22-25 mol. methyloxirane.

Low foaming nonionic surfactants prepared by the reaction of alcohols, phenols, or other active hydrogen-containing compounds with mixtures of alkylene oxides are described in Spanish patent no. 365 563; Japanese patent no. 74/27 951; U.S. Pat. No. 2,126,918. U.S. Pat. No. 3,361,831 describes the preparation of a small-foaming ionic surfactant containing chlorine. They are prepared in the first step by reacting an alkylene oxide with epichlorohydrin. This polymer is then further oxyethylated. Low foaming surfactants obtained by oxyethylation of fatty alcohol and further conversion to acetates solve the replacement of methyloxirane. Thus, detergents having a particularly low foaming power can be obtained as disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,539,518 and Germany Patent 1,792,308. U.S. Patent 3,595,968 describes the preparation of a low-foaming detergent, which can be obtained by adding a suitable phosphate ester to the nonionic surfactant. or according to German Patent No. 2,003,969, oxyethylated guanamine.

A. O. 202 749 discloses a low sudsing detergent composition based on oxyethylated fatty acid glycerides.

However, the most widespread group of low-foaming nonionic surfactants currently consists of oxirane and methyloxirane copolymers or derivatives thereof with higher fatty alcohols, alkylphenols. These types of po221680 are disclosed in Japanese Patent 72/15,923; NSR Patent 2,153,366; German Patent 2,165,586.

In summary, these surfactants can be identified by the formulas:

dj H (C 2 H 10) _x (C 5 H 6 O) _y

N-CH2-CH2-N / H (C2H4Oj _x (C3H6O) _y ej R-O (C2H40 ') _x (C3H60 j _y H)

f) RO (C ₃ H ₆ O 3 _y (C ₂ H ₄ O) _x H)

g)

R - ^ - OlC ^ OI ^ C ^ O Ι _γ Η

h) »- (0) -0 o u ₃ H ₆ 0) yl IC O) _x H chlorophenyl) RCOO (C2H4Oj _x (C3HeO] _s H s) ¹ R-COO- (C3H6O) _y (C2H4O) _x H (C2H4O) _x (C3H6O) _y H /

jj R-N \

(C ₂ H4O) _x (C3H6O j _y H (C3H6O) _y (C2H4O) _x H /

k) R-N \

(C ₃ H ₆ O) y (C 2 H 4 O) _x H where

R is an alkyl typically having a carbon number of 8 to 20 x is a number indicating the number of moles of bound oxirane y is a number indicating the number of moles of bound methyloxirane.

Other patents, such as French Patent 1,508,818; Austrian Patent 335,587; NSR patent 2,224,992. To improve solubility and homogeneity, reaction products based on oxirane and methyloxirane usually contain additional additives. An example is A.O. 170 017, a suds suppressor detergent that is sown from 60 to 90 wt. parts of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide alkoxy copolymers and / or propylene oxide and ethylene oxide copolymers wherein the relative mol. the weight of the hydrophobic moiety is 600 to 5000 and the hydrophilic moiety contains 1 to 30

a) HO {j _x C2H4O (C3H6O j _y (C2H4O) _x H

b) HO (C3H6O) _y (C2H4O) x (C3H6O) _y H cj HO {C3H60) y (G2H40) _x (C3H60j _y (C2H4O) _x (C ₃ H6O) _y H (C3H6OJ _s (C2H4OJ _x H (CSH6) y (C 2 H 4 O) _x H moles of bound ethylene oxide.

A. O. 178 515 discloses a reduced sudsing detergent consisting of 45 to 90 wt. % copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; and 5 to 50 wt. An alkyl polyglycol ether.

A disadvantage of products of this type is that the foaming is strongly dependent on the ratio of oxirane to methyloxirane bound to the hydrophobic component of the molecule, e.g. in fatty alcohol, alkyl phenol and the like. Increasing the amount of methyloxirane decreases the foaming of the product, which on one side has the advantage, but on the other hand the washing efficiency of the product decreases, which is a defect. For this reason, in practice, a compromise is chosen between both of these properties and the ratio of oxirane to methyloxiran is optimal.

According to the invention, a low-foaming detergent based on a synergistic combination of surfactants, characterized in that it contains 10 to 70 wt. % of at least one compound of the formula:

RO (C2H4O) JC3H6O) _s H and / aleh

RO (C 3 H 6 O) _y (C 2 H 4 O) _X H wherein the relative molecular weight of the hydrophobic moiety is below 600 and 25 to 90 wt. % Of the compounds of the general formula

R = O (C2 H4 O) _y H where

R is alkyl and / or alkylaryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, y is 1 to 7, and x is 1 to 20.

The essence of the present invention is to provide a synergistic combination more effective in a reduced suds detergent process over existing oxirane-only detergents, and by providing a balanced ratio of the individual components of oxirane and methyloxiran to a higher fatty alcohol blended with an alkyl glycol ether. methyloxirane to a higher fatty alcohol.

The detergent composition thus prepared is well soluble in water and other organic solvents, so that for better handling, dosing, transport, the product can be delivered in liquid form in a solvent. In this way, the product can be combined with other surfactants, coating aids such as builders, optical brighteners, fragrances and the like, allowing for a wider use of this surfactant mixture in addition to the textile industry and other industries.

The composition of the invention has a high detergency performance which is comparable to the most effective nonionic types of foaming detergent, but has a much lower foaming ability. The product is clear, homogeneous with an active ingredient content of up to 100% by weight. %. A further advantage of this combination of surfactant mixture is its ease of manufacture. Oxyetylation of a higher fatty alcohol is commonly done by all nonionic surfactant manufacturers. It is sufficient to modify part of the product with methyloxirane and mix the two components.

Saturated, unsaturated or alcohols fatty alcohols may be used in the preparation. From an economic point of view, it is preferable to use saturated fatty alcohols which are more affordable. Alkylphenol can also be used as the base material in place of the fatty alcohol. While washing performance and foaming are achieved, the biodegradability of the detergent will be impaired.

Table 1.

Composition of mixture 100 90 % wt. component B 0 10 Foaming% at 20 ° C 118 105 Working efficiency in% Sp. at 40 ° C 21 37 60 ° C 60 70

From Table 1 it can be seen that component A alone has a foaming power of 118% and a washing efficiency at 60 ° C in% Sp of 60. Component B has a foaming strength of 11% and a washing efficiency of 60 ° C in% Sp of 58. A suitable combination of the two of detergent compositions having a low sudsing and high washing performance. For a neutral wash at 60 ° C, this synergistic region is in a ratio of 25% by weight. % of component A to 75 wt. component B, with a foaming power of 10% and a washing efficiency in% Sp of 89.

Example 2

In a laboratory stainless steel autoclave, 600 g of a mixture of alcohols with an average mole were bound. weight 190 with a carbon number of 8 to 18 at a temperature of 135 to 140 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 0.3 MPa 995 g of methyloxirane (5.3 moles).

In a laboratory stainless steel autoclave, it is fed to 600 g of an average mol. weight 210 with a carbon number of 13 to 15 oxirane in an amount of 1260 g (10 mol) at a temperature of 130 to 140 ° C and a pressure of 0.3 MPa. KOH in an amount of 5 g was used as catalyst. To 500 g of the obtained alkyl polyglycol ether, 270 g of methyloxirane (6 mol) were bound in the next step under the same conditions.

The product obtained showed the following physical values: density at 20 ° C was

1006.2 kg.m- ³ , viscosity at 50 ° C 36.6 mPa. s, turbidity in water 41.6 ° C, foaming 118%. The surfactant thus obtained is designated as a component in mixture A.

The product was further mixed with an alkyl polyglycol ether, wherein the alkyl had the same number of carbon atoms as in component A and the number of moles of ethylene oxide bound was 4.5. Labeled as Component B.

The ratio of component A to component B was chosen from 100 to 0 wt. The wash performance was determined on a polyester / wool textile material soiled with greasy impurities, in an aqueous neutral medium at a concentration of 2 g of the A + B component mixture. 1 ^_1 . The degree of washing is given in% Sp. The results are given in Table 1.

75 50 25 10 0 25 50 75 90 100 83 39 10 9 11 38 45 48 50 40) 79 80 89 78 58 inflammation 335 g oxirane (12 MOLJA. The obtained

the product exhibited the following physical properties: density at 50 ° C was 993.9 kg. m ^-3 , the viscosity at 50 ° C was 57.4 mPa. s, turbidity in water 51.5 ° C. The product was homogenized at room temperature with an alkyl polyglycol ether having a carbon number of 10 to 15 and a number of bound 2 mol ethylene oxide in a weight ratio of 60 wt. % surfactant containing methyloxirane and 40 wt. % alkyl polyglycol ether. Washing in a neutral distilled water environment at a surfactant concentration of 2 g / l < ^-1 > and a wash temperature of 60 [deg.] C. resulted in a wash efficiency of% SP value of 84.

EXAMPLE 1 a d 3

Surfactants were prepared as in Example 1.

Component A was 15 wt. % mixed with component B in an amount of 85 wt. %. The washing efficiency of the 21% Sp mixture at 65 ° C in an alkaline medium with the addition of a 2 g ^-1 Na 2 CO 2 scrubbing bath, depending on the concentration of the polyester / wool weave surfactant mixture, was as follows:

concentration g, ^_ 0.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0% Sp 56 68 81 90

Example 4

Surfactants as in Example 1 were prepared in a laboratory autoclave

680 mixture of 70 wt. % and component B 30 wt. ° / o. The washing efficiency% Sp of this mixture at 60 ° C with addition to a 2 g / ^l NaCl washing bath from the surfactant concentration on the polester / wool and wool / viscose fabric was as follows:

concentration g. 1 ^_1 0,5 1,0 2,0 4,0 polyester / wool fabric («/ o Sp) 64 83 93! Woven / viscose fabric (i% Sp)

Claims (1)

SUBJECT A low-foaming detergent comprising 10 to 75 wt. at least one compound of the general formula RO (C ₂ H4O) _x (C3H6O) _y H, and / or RO (CaH6O) _y (C2H4O) _x H wherein the molecular weight of the hydrophobic portion of the clip 600, and the invention DZA 25 ^90! % wt. compounds of the general formula RO (C2H4O) _x H wherein R is alkyl and / or alkylaryl having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, y is 1 to 7, and x is 1 to 20. Severography, n. p., Plant 7, Most Cana 2,40 Kčs