CN86102459A - Novel water-dispersible synthetic fiber - Google Patents

Novel water-dispersible synthetic fiber Download PDF

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Publication number
CN86102459A
CN86102459A CN86102459.1A CN86102459A CN86102459A CN 86102459 A CN86102459 A CN 86102459A CN 86102459 A CN86102459 A CN 86102459A CN 86102459 A CN86102459 A CN 86102459A
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Prior art keywords
fiber
water
dispersible
overcoat
polyester
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CN86102459.1A
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CN1005734B (en
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唐纳德·艾伯特·希弗勒
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/20Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/24Polyesters

Abstract

Promote the water-dispersible polyester fiber with star section of dispersibility, thereby have better uniformity that the fabric that better opacity, good penetration and wet-laying generate has the feel as the tempting flannel.

Description

Novel water-dispersible synthetic fiber
The present invention is relevant novel water-dispersible synthetic polymeric fibers, more specifically, is relevant pet fiber, and preparation.
Recent years, people are to water-dispersible synthetic fiber, and particularly the interest of polyester fiber is constantly increasing.This water-dispersible fiber is to be used for comprising papermaking and wet-laying nonwoven on the purposes of various nonwovens, as the part of mixture, often contains a large amount of wood pulps or glass fibre sometimes; Only need list to use polyester fiber but also have, promptly with the immiscible applicable cases of other fiber.This usage, reach the situation that needs to it, be used as fibre bundle or staple is diverse to change into the weaving yarn that finally is used for woven or knit goods with more regular in the past, because need be in water, for example replace the carding process in the cotton system and fiber is changed into the weaving yarn its fiber dispersion.Just because of this water-dispersible needs, thereby the field of the invention and more regular polyester staple in the past made a distinction.
Most of water-dispersible polyester fibers are made by polyethylene terephthalate, and prepare it with substantially the same method, as regular weaving techniques with the polyester staple, but except most of water-dispersible polyester fiber does not curl, and other any polyester staple with yarn of being used to weave curls when still being fibre bundle shape before not changing into staple.Thereby, the water-dispersible polyester fiber normally becomes long filament to polyester with melt spinning method, and many monofilament are formed bundle, stretch, apply suitable overcoat to give water dispersible performance, its method is identical with the surface-treated conventional method of the fibre bundle that traditional weaving monofilament is formed.Then, there not being (or only give slight waveform in some cases and obtain extra loose and three-dimensional crimp matrix) under the situation of curling, fibre bundle is changed into staple usually.Some has the polyester staple to make no curly form earlier, for example, is used for the Soft flocks of fleece.But this usage need not have water-dispersible matter.
Common polyester fiber is hydrophobic, and the unlikely foam that causes flocculates with causing fiber to overcome the intrinsic hydrophobicity of polyester therefore to need to apply suitable overcoat in surface of polyester, and above-mentioned phenomenon has been that woods lattice people such as (Ring) is at United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 007, No. 083, bold and unconstrained fine jade (Hawkins) is at United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 137, No. 181, the 4th, 179, No. 543 and the 4th, 294, No. 883 and Wei Sikexisuyisi (Viscose Suisse) disclosed in No. the 958th, 350, BP.This just overcoat more can show the difference of water-dispersible polyester fiber and more regular polyester staple than the inherent feature performance of polyester itself or its shape (for example cross section etc.).As everyone knows, up to now, the cross section of extensive stock water-dispersible polyester fiber is garden shape.The cross section of really most of commodity polyester staple all is garden shapes usually, because of this is because due to the requirement of this kind of proposition.
So far, though most of water-dispersible fiber is made by polyester, this is owing to cheapness and can produces in a large number.Polyolefin and polyamide that quantity constantly increases have begun to be used to prepare the water-dispersible fiber, thereby the present invention has more than and be confined to polyester, and have covered other synthetic polymer.
According to the present invention, novel water-dispersible synthetic polymer, particularly polyester fiber is provided, it is characterized in that the cross section of this fiber is criss-cross.
Up to now, the polyester fiber that also can be used for other as star section described herein.Except that the cross section,, can provide the chance of various additional deformations in the advantage of after this being narrated though water-dispersible fiber of the present invention can be similar to water-dispersible polyester or other synthetic polymeric fibers that has earlier haply.After this, though the present invention only with the narration polyester fiber for quoting as proof especially, yet, must be interpreted as also applicable as synthetic polymers such as polyamide or polyolefin to other.
Fiber of the present invention can be prepared from the method for giving water dispersibility characteristics very expediently with the monofilament polyester of melt spinning, the suitable filament denier (dpf) that stretches and the suitable overcoat of coating.Then, normally monofilament is cut into the final use needed staple of length for expection.
Be surprised to find that, invent the used star section of water-dispersible fiber of the present invention, than more improving dispersibility with the garden tee section, this gives the wet-laying fiber better uniformity, higher opacity, better permeability and as feel as the tempting flannel that can see in the example.
Fig. 1 represents the star section according to style fiber of the present invention.
Fig. 2 represents to prepare the typical spinneret orifice of spinning monofilament of the present invention.
As implied above, star section has been used for more regular polyester staple, has been spun into long filament, has stretched, cuts apart, changes into and twisted yarn, is used for woven or knit goods. This fiber has water-dispersible feature required for the present invention. Similarly, the PFY of tool star section can be by Lai Mike (Lehmicke) United States Patent (USP) the 2nd, 945, No. 739 and learn, this patent disclosure melt spinning various cross sections, especially the polyamide or the PFY that have star section, and the method for or knit goods woven by staple. Cha Mixun (Jamieson) United States Patent (USP) discloses the method for the multifilament yarn of the PFY of making various cross sections (comprising star section) for the 3rd, 249, No. 669. The people such as Fu Lankefu (Frankfort) are at United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 134, No. 882 and the 4th, 195, also once narrated the oriented polyester long filament for preparing non-garden tee section with high speed (6,000 yards/minute) spinning method in No. 051, this high-speed spinning method also can be used for preparing the matrix of star section oriented polyester long filament, so that the overcoat of water-dispersible feature is given in coating, thereby obtain water-dispersible fiber of the present invention thereon. Any part of this technology is all irrelevant with the field of the invention. Yet the used PFY matrix of preparation water-dispersible fiber is that the suitable variation of the described various technology of available this patent or these technology and other known technology for preparing non-garden tee section PFY prepare.
The cross variable of the open star section of prior art data, and Fig. 1 identical with shown in it haply.
Prepare the polyester staple and be with conventional method, it comprises with melt spinning method and prepares polymer filaments, and filament collection is become fibre bundle, stretches, and the suitable overcoat of coating is to give the step such as water-dispersible feature. Such as the need low-shrinkage, the long filament of drawn needs annealed processing usually.
Select the overcoat that suits very important for improving water-dispersible, in the situation of identical filament denier, usually star section be greatly because of the circumference area far beyond the circumference area of garden tee section, thus two kinds of amounts with the required overcoat of the fiber of weight, then take the former as many. Provide the good interface greasy property to be even more important. It is best adopting the ethoxylation overcoat for this reason.
No. the 4137181st, person of outstanding talent's fine jade United States Patent (USP), the 4th, 179, No. 543 and the 4th, 294, disclose various suitable overcoats for No. 883, Fan Yisen and Sai Lude (Van Issum and Schluter) also disclose average molecular weight range in common unsettled Application No. (USSN) 721,344 be 300 to 6000, the purposes of synthetic copolyester of the polyalkylene oxide groups of deriving by the polyethylene terephthalate unit and by polyoxyalkylene glycol, again similarly Mai Entai people such as (Mc Intyre) at United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 416, No. 952, the 3rd, 557, No. 039 and the 3rd, 619, disclosed relevant purposes in No. 269, other useful block copolymerization polyester also disclosed for the 3rd, 981, No. 807 at the United States Patent (USP) of Reynolds (Raynolds); All these open parts combine with the present invention as a reference.
This polyester fiber is normally earlier with shape preparation continuous, unconvoluted filamentary tow, and the loose condition (of surface) extra as need, and three-dimensional crimp matrix more then can make long filament through the slight type technology and obtain slightly to be curled by shape wave of curling.Do not curl or slightly carried out sectility by the shape wave crimp filament by required length, meaning promptly forms normally and sells with the water-dispersible fiber of cutting apart of packetized form or other packaged form.Suitable length is about 5~90 millimeters (1/4 to 3 inches) usually, is generally 60 millimeters (2 1/2 inches), and its L/D ratio rate (L/D) is not wait until 2000: 1 in about 100: 1, and about 150: 1 to 2000: 1 is best.As an advantage of the present invention, the obtainable good behaviour of water-dispersible fiber that the present invention recommended, its L/D ratio thinks that than us water-dispersible polyester fiber in the satisfied prior art is for high.For example, the machine-building merchant recommends the L/D ratio to surpass 500: 1 usually, even even many technical staff think that these data still are impenetrable higher.Suitable filament denier common about 5~20.The overcoat amount is about 0.04~1%(OWF%) of its fibre weight usually, and the present invention's advantage is that used usually amount is than thinking in the prior art that satisfied amount is little.
The method for preparing the water-dispersible polyester fiber also is provided in addition, comprising the polyester melt spinning method make star section long filament, make fibre bundle, the synthetic copolyester overcoat of the long filament on fibre bundle coating then by long filament, and behind reasonable time, the silk that has applied overcoat is changed into staple.
Preferably applied the long filament of overcoat by heating, solidifying overcoat on long filament, or in case of necessity under about 100 ℃ to 190 ℃, the staple that heating generates is to improve its durability.
The present invention is illustrated in following example, wherein each several part and percentage thereof all by weight, unless stated otherwise, the weight of fiber (solid) is shown it with OWF.Carried out several yarns performance mensuration for your guidance, for example, tensile property (toughness and extension at break) be according to people such as Fu Lankefu at United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 134, method described in No. 882 is measured.Use other condition, for example design of spinneret orifice shown in the present technique is conspicuous thing.
Example
Following control fiber A, the garden tee section; Star section of the present invention, fiber N, all from pet fiber, intrinsic viscosity 0.64 comprises 0.3% titanium dioxide as delustering agent.
Fiber A is to be that 0.015 inch, long capillary tube are 0.30 inch with common diameter to air quenched device, the spinnerets that 900 holes are arranged, aperture, garden, the device for spinning that 270 ℃ of seat mould temperature and polymer percent of pass are 68.2 Pounds Per Hours, being spun into the long filament filament denier with 1600 yards/minute speed is 3.67.Allow fiber A feed roll dies through one group then and make it that orientation be arranged, and then with the stretched roller of 80 yards/minute speed with 29.3 yards/minute speed.Long filament need be through 45 ℃ water bath processing between the roll dies part feeding.Be ejected on the silk rope with 98 ℃ of water between hello roll dies and the draw roll.Coating a kind of commodity water-dispersible overcoat (use 25 moles of ethylene oxide, carry out the ethoxylation 50/50 lauryl alcohol/list of ox ester alcohol or the sylvite mixture of bisphosphate) between draw roll and carry-over pinch rolls.So the long filament freedom loosely is placed in 150 ℃ the hot stove 6 minutes.
Except 625 long filaments of star section and filament denier 3.22 are capillary spinneretss by Fig. 2,273 ℃ of die holder temperature and percent of pass be 42.9 Pounds Per Hours spin outside, prepare fiber N with the method that is similar to fiber A, make it that roller speed of orientation be arranged, feeding roll dies speed is 32.1 yards/minute, draw roll speed is 80.2 yards/minute and carry-over pinch rolls speed is 79.2 yards/minute, the topped coating consumption of water-dispersible is higher slightly to remedy the tool star section simultaneously, makes the long-pending growth that has near 57% of filament surface.
The character of the long filament of stretching coating overcoat is compared in the table 1
Table 1
Sample A N
Garden, cross section saltire shape
Filament denier 1.47 1.56
Overcoat
(by its fibre weight) % 0.4 0.44
Boil-off shrinkage (%) 1.0 0
Dry-hot shrinkage (196 ℃) (%) 2.45 3.6
Fracture toughness (gram/dawn) 4.5 4.8
Fracture stretching (%) 42 26
Toughness stretches (gram/dawn) 0.93 0.93 2%
Both all cut into 1/4,3/8,1/2 and 3/4 inch long water-dispersible fiber, and test on the fourdrinier that inclination steel wire net is arranged.Fiber is to be dispersed in 3 minutes in the 0.75% denseness a small amount of pulp (per 100 pounds, the poundage of fiber in slurry or the decoration body).The column pulper is about 3 ft diams and 6 feet high.Fiber mixes with unpurified sulfurous acid pulp forming 50% polyester compound, and in one 10 cubic metres storage cylinder it is diluted to 0.1% denseness.In the high-order stuff box of this machine, this material stock is further diluted until 0.0143% denseness, and become 0.5 meter wide wet-laid non-woven fabric with 20 meters/minute speed, at the netting twine end of fourdrinier with gunite coating acrylic acid bond (Acronyl 240D).Fabric is solidified.The fabric average weight of making be 40 the gram/square metre.
The quality of its dispersibility can be judged by given its uniformity of sample of fabric product.Along with the increase of Cutting Length, the seriousness that the common uniformity that just can expect fabric suffers damage is also big more.Yet, use the benefit of long fiber to be that its result can obtain big tearing strength.Thereby, in fact, will use the longest fiber to reach the desired uniformity standard of manufacturer as far as possible.So, a kind of long fiber of modified form, or tool equivalence uniformity then is optimal selection.
Its dispersibility of the quality of the fabric that fiber A and N make is assessed in the time of can producing on fourdrinier.Its method is by observing fabric discharge water on the fourdrinier gauze.The results are shown in Table 2 in contrast, simultaneously no matter still show good dispersiveness owing to star section makes its surface area increase 57%.
Table 2
The dispersive property explanation
Cutting Length garden tee section star section
Project (fiber) A project (fiber) N
1/4 inch fine dispersion performance good dispersion energy
A small amount of a small amount of defect record of defect record
3/8 inch some defect record fine dispersion performance
Run-of-the-mill is not as good as the good fairly good fabric overcoat of 1/4 inch
(opacity)
1/2 inch normal dispersive property of good slightly dispersive property
3/4 inch dispersed extreme difference, the good dispersive property of overcoat matter difference
Measuring point to the standard physical character of a tissue substance is pressed He Di foundation, Sa Fanna, (standard GA) is 100% with fiber A to State of Georgia, US at every turn for Herty Foundation, Savannah, and fiber N has following average data
Air permeability, brother's profit (Gurley) 112%
Opacity International Organization for Standardization 2,471 111%
Laxity paper pulp and paper industry technological associations 118%
(TAPPI) T410om-83 and T411om-83
Tensile strength paper pulp and paper industry technological associations 100%
(TAPPI)T494om-81
Tension is upheld paper pulp and paper industry technological associations 85%
(TAPPI)T494om-81
Tearing strength paper pulp and paper industry technological associations 104%
(TAPPI)T414om-82
Weighing result, project N contrast project A and demonstrate better permeability, opacity, laxity and tearing strength aspect main, and identical tensile strength then reduces aspect extension slightly.The advantage of overcoat is important, because with regard to the supatex fabric of identical performance characteristic condition, can use less fiber, thereby save the cost of material.The fabric that project N makes also has the feel as the tempting flannel.
When with suitable amount and suitable water-dispersible overcoat, the fiber of star section of the present invention has wonderful good uniform dispersiveness, and the top performance of having stated.
Consideration theoretically, regular garden tee section water-dispersible fiber should have uniformly dispersed preferably, therefore, can make more uniform wet method net-forming fabric.This is because the surface energy that need be used for loosen collagen fibre or other objects is to be provided by following formula.
Energy=(surface tension) * (scatter table area-not scatter table area)
The fiber of Fen Saning does not form a column or blocks with hundreds of fibers, and their major part is the inside at column.Therefore, by contrast not the scatter table area more the scatter table area be to ignore, thereby being expressed as of can being similar to of above-mentioned energy public affairs:
Energy=(surface tension) * (quantity of fiber) * (surface area of fiber)
This energy theorem is being described the necessary energy of loosen collagen fibre and the driving force free energy of cohesion again.Therefore to overcoat and fibre single thread dawn number arbitrarily, the fiber of tool small surface area, expectation can provide more uniform dispersiveness, thereby is more uniform fabric.The minimal surface of the fiber of every given Unit Weight is long-pending to be appeared at when the cross section is garden shape, and this is that expectation is available fully, so the garden tee section is best.
Yet surprisingly, the fiber of these star sections although the former is big about 60% for its surface area ratio, provides more uniform fabric on the contrary.If the present invention is not done the restriction of any theoretical property, this may be by due to the fiber hydrodynamic shape, the energy that the result obtains in can the shearing field of more effective application by mixture.
Errata

Claims (20)

1, the water-dispersible synthetic polymeric fibers is characterized in that, described fiber has star section.
2, by the desired fiber of claim 1, it is characterized in that Cutting Length is 5~90 millimeters, wherein the length/diameter ratio is about 100: 1 to 2000: 1.
3, by the desired basically polymer filaments of claim 1, it is characterized in that, except they have shape part continuous, the long filament shape, no crimped fibre bundle.
4, water-dispersible polyester fiber is characterized in that, described fiber has star section.
5, by the desired fiber of claim 4, it is characterized in that its dawn number is about 0.5 to about 20.
6, by the desired fiber of claim 4, it is characterized in that Cutting Length is about 5 to 90 millimeters.
7, by the desired fiber of claim 6, it is characterized in that wherein the length/diameter ratio is about 100: 1 to 2000: 1.
By the desired water-dispersible fiber of claim 7, it is characterized in that 8, the fiber of cutting is the form with packing.
By the desired water-dispersible fiber of claim 1, it is characterized in that 9, the fiber of cutting is the form with packing.
10, by the described polyester fiber of claim 4, it is characterized in that this fiber comes down to be made of polyethylene terephthalate.
11, by the desired water-dispersible polyethylene terephthalate of claim 4, it is characterized in that, fiber wherein is that unconvoluted, Cutting Length is about 5 to about 90 millimeters basically, the length/diameter ratio is about 100: 1 to 2000: 1, and its dawn number is about 0.5 to about 20, and can disperse overcoat through the water of ethoxylation, its consumption is about 0.04 to 1.0% of a total weight of fiber.
By the desired water-dispersible fiber of claim 11, it is characterized in that 12, the fiber of cutting is the form with packing.
13, by the desired basically polyester filament of claim 11, it is characterized in that it has continuous, long filament, the no crimped fibre bundle except them.
14, by the described polyester fiber of claim 4, it is characterized in that, apply with the water-dispersible overcoat, this overcoat comprises the block copolymerization polyester of the polyalkylene oxide groups of being derived by the repetitive of polyethylene terephthalate and polyoxyalkylene glycol in fact, and its average molecular weight range is 300 to 6000.
15, by the desired basically polyester filament of claim 14, it is characterized in that, except they have fibre bundle continuous, long filament.
16, by the described water-dispersible fiber of claim 1, it will be levied and be, the ratio of star section is pressed as shown in Figure 1 haply.
17, the method for preparing the water-dispersible polyester fiber, it is characterized in that, comprise with the polyester filament melt spinning manufactured, that have star section, make overcoat by the long filament that long filament is made fibre bundle, drawing of fiber bundle, the synthetic copolyester of block of the polyalkylene oxide groups of deriving at 300 to 6000 repetitive and polyoxyalkylene glycol by polyethylene terephthalate with average molecular weight range is coated in the fibre bundle, and topped long filament change into Cutting Length by about 5 to about 90 millimeters steps such as fiber.
By the desired method of claim 17, it is characterized in that 18, wherein the overcoat of long filament is to be about 0.04% to 1.0% the copolyester coating of its weight with consumption.
19, by the desired method of claim 17, it is characterized in that, wherein Tu Fu overcoat be by heat the long filament that has applied overcoat heat up about 100 ℃ to 190 ℃, on long filament, be cured.
By the desired method of claim 19, it is characterized in that 20, the overcoat of long filament is with about 0.04% to 1.0% the copolyester coating of consumption for its weight.
CN86102459.1A 1985-04-09 1986-04-09 New water-dispersible synthetic fiber Expired CN1005734B (en)

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