CN85106443A - Electric rotating machine - Google Patents
Electric rotating machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN85106443A CN85106443A CN85106443.4A CN85106443A CN85106443A CN 85106443 A CN85106443 A CN 85106443A CN 85106443 A CN85106443 A CN 85106443A CN 85106443 A CN85106443 A CN 85106443A
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Abstract
Electric rotating machine has circular permanent magnet and armature core of magnetic materials.Permanent magnet has the some N and S utmost points that are alternately distributed on the machine shaft limit, and its number is even number P.Armature core has many teeth, and each tooth is formed by armature core two adjacent slot for windings, and the number of teeth is ≮ 2P integer T.Heterogeneous overlapping winding coil is arranged in its iron core slot for winding, its number of phases is ≮ 2 integer H.Armature core has at least short and long piece, and every has individual tooth at least and is the tooth group that is arranged in order.Each short block has a short tooth at least and does not have long tooth, and each long piece has a long tooth at least and do not have short tooth, each the short effective spacing＜D=of tooth (360/T) degree.Effective spacing＞the D of each long tooth.Preferably is furnished with false groove at the long flank of tooth of armature core at least.
Description
The present invention is relevant with electric rotating machine, say definitely, be about so a kind of electric rotating machine, it comprises an armature core of being made by magnetic material, and many teeth and several heterogeneous overlapping winding coils are arranged on the iron core, also have excitation permanent magnet parts, permanent magnet has a plurality of И that replace and the S utmost point, is arranged in the opposite of said armature core tooth, and the number of the И and the S utmost point is an even number P, the number of tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P.
One by magnetic material make by the armature core of many teeth and the electric rotating machine formed by the permanent magnet of the magnetization utmost point on the opposite of tooth, because its efficient height, so be widely used.But because the interaction between the tooth of the magnetic pole of permanent magnet and armature core can produce bigger cogging torque, so harmful vibration problem of the normal generation of common electric rotating machine.This cogging torque can not rotate electric rotating machine smoothly.In order to reduce cogging torque, adopted the armature core of oblique song in some cases.Make but the armature core of this oblique song is very difficult, and by tiltedly bent armature core, still difficulty is reduced to enough little degree to cogging torque sometimes.In order to obtain level and smooth rotation, it is unpractiaca that employing does not have the armature of tooth, because its efficient is very low, thus the necessary size that increases motor.
At United States Patent (USP) 4,280, in 072 or Japanese publication use among the 55-71163 and revealed a kind of electric rotating machine that reduces cogging torque.In these two parts of patent specifications,, adopted the concavity part in order to reduce cogging torque.For example at United States Patent (USP) 4,280, in the such electric rotating machine of Fig. 1, the Fig. 5 in 072 and Fig. 6, the number T of tooth is less than the twice of И and S number of poles order P, i.e. T＜2P, and this method is very effective, because the flank of tooth of each tooth is quite wide, is enough to provide the concavity part.But for United States Patent (USP) 4,280, the electric rotating machine among 072 Fig. 8, wherein T is not less than 2P, and last method can't subtract cogging torque enough for a short time.(Japanese publication is used among the 55-71163 and has been revealed same electric rotating machine.）
Now common electric rotating machine is described as follows:
Fig. 1 is the common sectional view of electric rotating machine when T=6P.In Fig. 1, the outer ring of the rotor 2 that magnetic material is done is fixed with a garden cylindricality permanent magnet 3, and permanent magnet 3 rotates round rotating shaft 1 with rotor 2.Permanent magnet 3 has 4 И that replace and the S utmost point, respectively accounts for 90 ° of isogonism positions.Also be exactly P=4.Tooth 6 is arranged on the armature core 4, and each tooth is all formed by two adjacent slot for windings 5, and all facing to each magnetic pole of permanent magnet 3.The rotating shaft 1 of rotor 2 is being supported by armature core 4, but can rotated.Therefore, the relative position between the tooth 6 of armature core 4 and permanent magnet 3 each magnetic pole changes along with the rotation of rotor 2.
Expanded view when Fig. 2 is the common motor of Fig. 1 by line segment X-X ' and Y-Y ' generate straight line.Armature core 4 has 24 slot for winding a to x, and 15 ° of angle same of their each intervals form a tooth between adjacent two slot for windings, have 24 teeth, i.e. T=24.Overlapping winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4All in slot for winding a to x.Each winding coil A
1To C
45 teeth around armature core 4.That is be A
1In slot for winding a and f, A
2In slot for winding g and l, A
3In slot for winding m and r, A
4In slot for winding s and x, B
1In slot for winding e and j, B
2In slot for winding k and P, B
3In slot for winding g and v, B
4In knot groove w and d, C
1In slot for winding i and n, C
2In slot for winding o and t, C
3In slot for winding u and b, and C
4In slot for winding c and h.Winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Be connected into series connection, form the first phase winding A, winding coil B
1, B
2, B
3And B
4Be connected into series connection, form the second phase winding B, winding coil C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Be connected into series connection, form third phase winding C.Winding A, B, the phase difference that reaches between the C equal the electric number of degrees of 120el(), wherein 180el is equivalent to 1 pole span on the permanent magnet 3, i.e. 360/P degree.In Fig. 1, P=4 is so 180el is equivalent to 90 ° (mechanical degrees).Therefore, this three phase winding A, B and C are infeeded three-phase current, the torque that the rotor 2 of can sening as an envoy to quickens.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of another common electric rotating machine, at this moment T=3P.The structure of common motor shown in Figure 3, relation between T and P and the winding spacing, all the other all with the structural similarity of the common motor of Fig. 1.Garden cylindricality permanent magnet 13 is fixed on the periphery of the rotor 12 that magnetic material does, permanent magnet 13 also with rotor 12 around rotating shaft 11 rotations.Permanent magnet 13 has 4 И that replace and the S utmost point, these magnetic poles be separated from each other on the position 90 ° of angle same, i.e. P=4.Armature core 14 has tooth 16, and each tooth is all formed by two adjacent slot for windings 15, and all facing to each magnetic pole of permanent magnet 13.The rotating shaft 11 of rotor 12 is being supported by armature core 14, but can rotated.Therefore, the relative position between each magnetic pole of the tooth 16 of armature core 14 and permanent magnet 13 changes along with the rotation of rotor 12.
Fig. 4 is the common motor of Fig. 3 expanded view during by line segment X-X ' and Y-Y ' generate straight line.Armature core 14 has 12 slot for winding a to 1, and angle same of each interval is 30 ° between them, forms a tooth between adjacent two slot for windings, and having 12 teeth is T=12.Overlapping winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3, and C
4All in slot for winding a to 1.Each winding coil A
1To C
43 teeth around armature core 14.That is be A
1In slot for winding a and d, A
2In slot for winding d and g, A
3In slot for winding g and j, A
4In slot for winding j and a, B
1In slot for winding C and f, B
2In slot for winding f and i, B
3In slot for winding i and l, B
4In slot for winding l and c, C
1In slot for winding e and h, C
2In slot for winding h and k, C
3In slot for winding k and b, C
4In slot for winding b and e.Winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Be connected into series connection, form the first phase winding A, winding coil B
1, B
2, B
3And B
4Be connected into series connection, form the second phase winding B, winding coil C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Be connected into series connection, form third phase winding C.Phase difference between winding A, B and the C equals 120el.In Fig. 3, P=4 is so 180el is equivalent to 90 ° (mechanical degrees).Therefore, this three phase winding A, B and C are infeeded three-phase current, the torque that the rotor 12 of can sening as an envoy to quickens.
The general introduction of invention:
An object of the present invention is to provide the outstanding and improved electric rotating machine that a kind of cogging torque is less, efficient is high.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of like this electric rotating machine, it comprises an armature core that T tooth arranged and the excitation permanent magnet parts that P the permanent magnetization И and the S utmost point are arranged made by magnetic material, wherein T is not less than 2P, and it has the geometric position with armature core and the magnet relevant cogging torque that has reduced.
The following electric rotating machine that utilizes this part invention to provide, can reach these purposes of the present invention, electric rotating machine of the present invention comprises: the garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts with permanent magnetization И and S utmost point, the И and the S utmost point alternately are arranged in around the rotating shaft of said motor, the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number; And an armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each is formed these teeth by two adjacent slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2; Wherein said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, this a pair of right short block and long piece also all alternately be arranged in said rotating shaft around.Each short block has two short teeth but not long tooth at least, and each long piece has a long tooth at least and not short tooth.Effective spacing of each short tooth is less than D=(360/T) degree, and effective spacing of each long tooth is greater than D.
Utilization the invention provides following electric rotating machine, also can reach these purposes of the present invention, electric rotating machine of the present invention comprises: the garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts with permanent magnetization И and S utmost point, these И and the S utmost point alternately are arranged in around the rotating shaft of said motor, the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number; And an armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each is formed these teeth by two adjacent slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2; Wherein said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, this a pair of right short block and long piece also all alternately be arranged in said rotating shaft around.Each short block has a short tooth but not long tooth at least, and each long piece has two long teeth at least and not short tooth.Effective spacing of each short tooth is less than D=(360/T) degree, effective spacing of each long tooth is then greater than D.
Utilization the invention provides following electric rotating machine, also can reach these purposes of the present invention, electric rotating machine of the present invention comprises: the garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts with permanent magnetization И and S utmost point, these И and the S utmost point alternately are arranged in around the rotating shaft of said motor, the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number; And an armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each is formed these teeth by two adjacent slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2; Wherein said armature core has a short tooth at least and has a long tooth at least.Effective spacing of each short tooth is less than D=(360/T) degree, effective spacing of each long tooth is then greater than D.On the said armature core successively whole effective spacing of L tooth equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree, wherein L is an integer bigger than H, Q is not less than 2 integer.Minimum value in effective spacing of these teeth is R: R+Vm with the ratio of effective spacing of m tooth in the said tooth of L successively, wherein R is not less than 1 integer, Vm comprises an integer of zero, from m=1 to m=L, Vm's and be W, W is not equal to the integral multiple of Qd, and wherein Qd is the divisor of Q and greater than 1.
Utilization the invention provides following electric rotating machine, also can reach these purposes of the present invention, electric rotating machine of the present invention comprises: the garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts with permanent magnetization И and S utmost point, these И and the S utmost point alternately are arranged in around the rotating shaft of said motor, the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number; And an armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each is formed these teeth by two adjacent slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2; Have at least a tooth to have at least one false groove in the wherein said tooth, and said armature core have one first groove group and one second groove group at least.False groove and slot for winding in the said first groove group all are positioned to an apart angle equal or subequal first spacing, and false groove in the said second groove group and slot for winding also are positioned to apart one and equate or the angle of subequal first spacing on the position.Second spacing between the adjacent slot for winding of said first groove group and the said second groove group is not equal to the integral multiple of said first spacing.
Considered following detailed description and accompanying drawing thereof, just can know and know above-mentioned and other purpose and its characteristic of the present invention.
The simple declaration of accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the common sectional view of electric rotating machine under the T=6P situation;
Fig. 2 is that the common electric rotating machine of Fig. 1 reaches the expanded view that Y-Y ' locates at line segment X-X ';
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of another common electric rotating machine under the T=3P situation;
Fig. 4 is that the common electric rotating machine of Fig. 3 reaches the expanded view that Y-Y ' locates at line segment X-X ';
Fig. 5 is a sectional view that enforcement is novel of electric rotating machine of the present invention under the T=6P situation;
Fig. 6 is the distribution map of the magnetic density of permanent magnet among Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is that the electric rotating machine of Fig. 5 reaches the expanded view that Y-Y ' locates at line segment X-X ';
Fig. 8 is the block diagram of the used electronics distributor of Fig. 5 electric rotating machine;
Fig. 9 (a) to (c) is the three-phase current I that supplies with in Fig. 5 electric rotating machine three phase windings
1, I
2And I
3Oscillogram;
Figure 10 is at the slot for winding of 1 pole span armature core on the cycle of permanent magnet and the phase diagram of false groove in Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 electric rotating machine of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the compound magnetic variationization in Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 electric rotating machine of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the compound magnetic variationization in the common electric rotating machine of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2;
Figure 13 is under the T=3P situation, and another implements novel sectional view electric rotating machine of the present invention;
Figure 14 is that the electric rotating machine of Figure 13 reaches the expanded view that Y-Y ' locates at line segment X-X ';
Figure 15 is at the slot for winding of 1 pole span armature core on the cycle of permanent magnet and the phase diagram of false groove in Figure 13 and Figure 14 electric rotating machine of the present invention;
Figure 16 is the compound magnetic variationization in Figure 13 and Figure 14 electric rotating machine of the present invention;
Figure 17 is the compound magnetic variationization in the common electric rotating machine of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;
Figure 18 is the novel sectional view of another enforcement of electric rotating machine of the present invention under the T=3P situation;
Figure 19 is that the electric rotating machine of Figure 18 reaches the expanded view that Y-Y ' locates at line segment X-X ';
Figure 20 is at the slot for winding of 1 pole span armature core on the cycle of permanent magnet and the phase diagram of false groove in the electric rotating machine of the present invention of Figure 18 and Figure 19;
Figure 21 is the compound magnetic variationization in Figure 18 and Figure 19 electric rotating machine of the present invention.
The invention process under the T=6P situation is novel
Fig. 5 shows that the novel sectional view of a kind of brushless DC motor enforcement of the present invention knows that it is equivalent to the common electric rotating machine of Figure 1 and Figure 2 under the T=6P situation.In Fig. 5, a garden cylindricality permanent magnet 23 is fixed on the periphery of the rotor of being made by magnetic material 22, and permanent magnet 23 rotates around rotating shaft 21 together in company with rotor 22.Permanent magnet 23 has 4 И that replace and the S utmost point, their 90 ° of each interval angle same on the position, i.e. and P=4, wherein P is the number of the magnetic pole of permanent magnet 23.Fig. 6 shows the distribution of the magnetic density of this permanent magnet 23.Tooth 26 is arranged on the armature core 24, and each tooth is formed by two adjacent slot for windings 25, and they are all facing to the magnetic pole of permanent magnet 23.The rotating shaft 21 of rotor 22 is supported by armature core 24, but can be rotated.Therefore, the relative position between the magnetic pole of the tooth 26 of armature core 24 and permanent magnet 23 will change along with the rotation of rotor 22.
Fig. 7 is the expanded view of brushless DC motor when line segment X-X ' and Y-Y ' locate the generate straight line of Fig. 5.Armature core 24 has 24 slot for winding a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, h, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w and x, and per two adjacent slot for winding provide a tooth, have 24 teeth, i.e. T=24, wherein T is the number of teeth of armature core 24.Armature core 24 also has three false groove a ', b ', reaches c ', and they are in the place of some tooth of facing permanent magnet 23, do not have winding coil in the false groove.Overlapping winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3, and C
4All in slot for winding a to x.Each winding coil A
1To C
4Five teeth around armature core 24.That is be A
1In slot for winding a and f, A
2In slot for winding g and l, A
3In slot for winding m and r, A
4In slot for winding s and x, B
1In slot for winding e and j, B
2In slot for winding k and p, B
3In slot for winding q and v, B
4In slot for winding w and d, C
1In slot for winding i and n, C
2In slot for winding o and t, C
3In slot for winding u and b, and C
4In slot for winding c and h.Winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Be connected into series connection, form the first phase winding A, winding coil B
1, B
2, B
3, and B
4Be connected into series connection, form the second phase winding B, winding coil C
1, C
2, C
3, and C
4Be connected into series connection, form third phase winding C.Will illustrate that below winding A, B, the phase difference that reaches between the C just in time equal the electric number of degrees of 120el(), wherein 180el is equivalent to the i.e. magnetic distance of (360/P) degree.P=4 in Fig. 5, so 180el is equivalent to 90 ° (mechanical degrees), this is the same with angle in the common motor of Fig. 1.Therefore, to this three phase winding A, B, and C infeed three-phase current, the torque that the rotor 22 of can sening as an envoy to quickens.
Fig. 8 represents the electronics distributor 30 that brushless DC motor of the present invention uses.Electronics distributor 30 has a driver 31 and a position to subtract survey device 32, and with three-phase current I
1I
2And I
3Supply power to three phase winding A, B and the C of Y-connection respectively.The position subtracts to be surveyed device 32 and can measure relative position between armature core 24 and the permanent magnet 23, and utilizes the method that subtracts the magnetic flux of surveying permanent magnet 23 to export three-phase sinusoidal signal P
1, P
2And P
3, these three sinusoidal signals will change along with the rotation of rotor 22.Driver 31 output three-phase current I
1, I
2And I
3, three-phase current I
1, I
2And I
3Each multiply by output signal P with a command signal F
1, P
2And P
3Proportional.So, because the magnetic flux and the three-phase current I of permanent magnet 23
1, I
2And I
3Interaction to winding A, B and C just produces a torque that makes 22 accelerations of rotor, will describe the electromagnetic torque that this is caused by three-phase current in detail below.
In Fig. 7, because slot for winding a to x is apart and not all be angle same on the position.So effective spacing of each tooth and inequality, " the effectively spacing " of a tooth are defined as the angle between the center of adjacent two slot for windings that form this tooth.Equal 6P 24(P=4 again at T) situation under, when the apart angle same of all slot for windings, effective spacing of standard is D=(360/T)=15 degree.Therefore in this explanation, its effective spacing is called " short tooth " less than the tooth of D, and effectively spacing is called " long tooth " greater than the tooth of D, and a tooth is to name with adjacent two slot for windings of this tooth of formation.For example, tooth a to b is meant a tooth that is formed by slot for winding a and b.In Fig. 7, tooth a-b, b-c, c-d, d-e, e-f, f-g, g-h, h-j, j-k, k-l, l-m, m-n, n-e, o-p, q-r, r-s, s-t, t-u, u-v, v-w and w-x are short teeth, and tooth h-i, p-q and x-a are long teeth.
In this explanation, if having at least on a short tooth and not long tooth and the position, a piece links up, such piece is called " short block ", if piece has a long tooth and short tooth at least and links up on the position, this is called " long piece ".A piece is to name with the slot for winding at these piece two ends.For example, piece＜a, h〉be meant tooth a-b, b-c, c-d, d-e, e-f, f-g and g-h one.In Fig. 7, three short block＜a, h are arranged 〉,＜i, p〉and＜q, x 〉, the short block of the short block of the short block of tooth a-b, b-c, c-d, d-e, e-f, f-g and g-h, tooth i-j-k, k-l, l-m, m-n, n-o and o-p and tooth q-r, r-s, s-t, t-u, u-v, v-w, w-x just.Also have three long＜h, i 〉,＜p, q〉and＜x, a 〉, the long piece of the long piece of the long piece of tooth h-i, tooth p-q and r-a just.Must notice that piece is not to classify by the number of tooth, but distinguish according to the character of the tooth that it comprised.
Short block＜a, h 〉,＜i, p〉and＜q, x〉in, each short block has 7 short teeth, and at long piece＜h, i 〉,＜p, q〉and＜x, a〉in, each long piece has only a long tooth.The armature core 24 of Fig. 5 and brushless DC motor of the present invention shown in Figure 7 has three pairs of short blocks and long piece, they alternately be distributed in rotating shaft 21 around, and these three pairs of short blocks and long piece for rotating shaft 21, are symmetrically distributed.
Among short tooth a-b, b-c, c-d, d-e, e-f, f-g, g-h, i-j, j-k, k-l, l-m, m-n, n-o, o-p, q-r, r-s, s-t, t-u, u-v, v-w and the w-x, effective spacing of each tooth is to equal or almost equal (360/27)=13.333 degree, and among long tooth h-i, p-q and the x-a, effective spacing of each tooth is to equal or almost equal (720/27)=26.667 degree.Therefore, effective spacing of each short tooth is 1: 2 with the ratio of effective spacing of each long tooth.Long tooth h-i heart position therein has a false groove a ' in the face of the magnetic pole of permanent magnet 23, and long tooth p-q heart position therein has a false groove b ' and long tooth x-a one false groove c ' to be arranged heart position therein.Therefore, slot for winding a to x and false groove a ' are to c ' apart equal or subequal angle (360/27)=13.333 degree on the position.
Below the cogging torque that the invention process shown in Figure 5 is novel will be described.Cogging torque results from the interaction between permanent magnet and the armature core, say definitely, this torque is to produce owing to the relative rotary motion between permanent magnet and the armature core changes the magnetic energy that is stored in the air-gap to some extent, cogging torque is done cyclic variation according to their relative position, the basic cycle is 360 ° (rotating a circle).For the level and smooth rotation of electric rotating machine, there is the existence of this torque to be harmful to.But cogging torque is subjected to the influence in the face of the shape of the armature core of permanent magnet, also is subjected to the influence that magnetic charge distributes in the permanent magnet poles.The shape of armature core can represent that with the shape harmonic wave of Fourier expansion this shape harmonic wave is exactly the person's character of armature core shape on 360 ° of basic cycles.Magnetic distributes also and can represent with the magnetic harmonic wave of Fourier expansion on 360 ° of basic cycles, and the magnetic harmonic wave is exactly the person's character of magnetic charge distribution in the permanent magnet.
Say on the mathematics that cogging torque is decided by the convolution of shape harmonic wave and magnetic harmonic wave, and also can be at Fourier analysis on 360 ° of basic cycles.The amplitude of each component of cogging torque (circulation/commentaries on classics) is the product that is proportional to the shape harmonic component and the magnetic distribution harmonic component of the same number of degrees of cogging torque.
Since the magnetic energy in the air-gap be proportional to permanent magnet magnetic density square, and being distributed on the polarity of magnetic density shown in Figure 6 is symmetrical, so the magnetic distribution harmonic wave of permanent magnet 23 is ° to be the periodic function in cycle with 1 magnetic apart from (360/P)=90.Therefore, apart from the compound magnetic variationization of shape harmonic wave that is the cycle when smaller, cogging torque is also smaller with 1 magnetic for armature core 24.
Figure 10 is at the slot for winding a to x of 1 pole span armature core 24 on the cycle of permanent magnet 23 and the false groove a ' phase diagram to c '.Be wound with winding A loop A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Slot for winding a, f, g, l, m, r, s and x and false groove c ' place to such an extent that make the phase difference of (1 pole span)/27.The phase place that is slot for winding a, f, g, l, m, r, s and x and false groove c ' differs (1 pole span)/27 each other, and the phase range of slot for winding a, f, g, l, m, r, s and x is all within (1 pole span)/3.Equally, be wound with winding B coil B
1, B
2, B
3And B
4Slot for winding d, e, j, k, p, q, v and w and false groove b ' place to such an extent that make the phase difference of same (1 pole span)/27, and the phase range of slot for winding d, e, j, k, p, q, v and w is within (1 pole span)/3.Equally, be wound with winding C coil C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Slot for winding b, c, h, i, n, o, t and u and false groove a ' place to such an extent that make the phase difference of same (1 pole span)/27, and the phase range of slot for winding b, c, h, i, n, o, t and u is within (1 pole span)/3.In addition, the slot for winding of winding A (a, f, g, l, m, r, s, x), the phase difference between slot for winding (b, c, h, i, n, o, t, the u) three of the slot for winding of winding B (d, e, j, k, p, q, v, w) and winding C just in time equals (1 pole span)/3.Promptly be that the phase difference between three phase winding A, B and the C three just in time equals the 120el degree as above-described result.Slot for winding a to x and false groove a ' are inequality to the phase place of c ', respectively differ (1 pole span)/27, this just anticipate 1 pole span on the cycle compound magnetic variationization can diminish.
Figure 11 has illustrated slot for winding a to x and the false groove a ' waveform to the compound magnetic variation Tv of the magnetic variation waveform of c ' and armature core 24.The magnetic variationization of each slot for winding and false groove is equivalent to each aperture widths and changes smoothly, and each false groove a ', b ' and c ' have the influence with the same magnetic of each slot for winding a to x.Because the phase place of slot for winding and false groove differs (1 pole span)/27 each other, so compound magnetic variation Tv becomes very little.
Figure 12 is the waveform of compound magnetic variation Tv ' of the armature core 4 of Fig. 1 and the common electric rotating machine of Fig. 2.Under common electric rotating machine situation, all be separated by 1 pole span and mutually the same of the phase place of slot for winding a, g, m and s, the phase place of slot for winding b, h, n and t is mutually the same, the phase place of slot for winding c, i, o and u is mutually the same, the phase place of slot for winding d, j, p and v is mutually the same, and the phase place of slot for winding e, k, q and w phase place mutually the same and slot for winding f, l, r and x is also all mutually the same.So the variation Tv ' of compound magnetic is very big.More once the compound magnetic variation Tv ' of the compound magnetic variation Tv of Figure 11 and Figure 12 can know that the Tv of motor of the present invention is more much smaller than the Tv ' of common motor.Therefore, brushless DC(direct current of the present invention shown in Figure 5) enforcement of motor is novel has only very little cogging torque.Merit attention, the brushless DC motor of Fig. 5 is not when having false groove, and its cogging torque also is very little, and this is because when not having false groove, and the compound magnetic variationization of armature core 24 is also less than the compound magnetic variation Tv ' of armature core 4 usually among Figure 12.
Secondly, the electromagnetic torque of brushless DC motor of the present invention shown in Figure 5 will be described below.Electromagnetic torque is by three-phase current I
1, I
2And I
3The torque sum that is produced when being conducted to three phase winding A, B and C, and each is by electric current I
1, I
2And I
3Three phase winding A, B that produces and the torque of C are the products of this electric current and magnetic density.Therefore, electromagnetic torque Tor is
Tor＝G（B
aI
1+B
bI
2+B
cI
3） ……（1）
Wherein G is a constant, B
a, B
bAnd B
cIt respectively is the equivalent magnetic density of three phase winding A, B and C.Here the distribution of supposing permanent magnet 23 is sine-shaped, promptly
B（x）＝B
1sin（x） ……（2）
Wherein x is an angle (electrical degree).So, equivalent magnetic density B
a, B
bAnd B
cAlso be sine-shaped, promptly
B
a（z）＝KB
1sin（z） ……（3a）
B
b（z）＝KB
1sin（z-120el） ……（3b）
B
c（z）＝KB
1sin（z-240el） ……（3c）
Wherein K is a constant, and z is the relative angle (the electric number of degrees) between the reference point of reference point of armature core 24 and permanent magnet 23.As three-phase current I
1, I
2I
3During for sinusoidal variations,
I
1（z）＝I
psin（z） ……（4a）
I
2（z）＝I
psin（z-120el） ……（4b）
I
3（z）＝I
psin（z-240el） ……（4c）
Wherein I is the peak value of the proportional electric current of and instruction signal F.So the torque of generation is
T
or＝（3/2）（GK）B
1I
p……（5）
Be the novel electromagnetic torque T of this enforcement
OrIt is level and smooth and the torque of not fluctuating.
But 3 times, 5 times, the component of 7 inferior high orders are arranged in the actual distribution of Fig. 6 permanent magnet 23.These high-order components particularly 3 times, 5 times and 7 times, produce a fluctuation torque, and this fluctuation torque are the same with cogging torque, all hinders motor to do level and smooth rotation.Yet because the phase place of the slot for winding of (1 pole span)/3 interior each winding A, B or C is all inequality, so 3 times, 5 times, the 7 times aliquot of equivalent magnetic density B, B and B all are reduced.The flux density distribution of supposing permanent magnet 23 is:
B（x）＝B
1sin（x）+B
3sin（3x）+B
5sin（5x）+B
7sin（7x） ……（6）
So, the magnetic density B of equivalence
a, B
bAnd B
cJust become:
B
a（z）＝K{K
1B
1sin（z）+K
3B
3sin（3z）+K
5B
5sin（5z）+K
7B
7sin（7z）} ……（7a）
B
b（z）＝B
a（z-120el） ……（7b）
B
c（z）＝B
a（z-240el） ……（7c）
K wherein
1=0.95, K
3=0.595, K
5=0.093 and K
7=-0.283.Therefore, K
1/ K
1=1(nominalization), K
3/ K
1=0.62, K
5/ K
1=0.098 and K
7/ K
1=-0.30.Because COEFFICIENT K
3/ K
1, K
5/ K
1And K
7/ K
1Absolute value all much smaller than 1, so the high-order component B of permanent magnet 23
3, B
5, B
7Influence all be reduced, the fluctuation torque of more than implementing novel brushless DC motor has also just diminished.Therefore, the cogging torque of brushless DC motor of the present invention shown in Figure 5 and fluctuation torque are all little, thereby obtain more level and smooth rotation.
In above enforcement is novel, the winding coil A of armature core 24
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Can both be with a coil winding machine automatic winding because the winding spacing of these winding coils all almost equal permanent magnet 23 1 pole span 5/6, the winding spacing of one of them winding coil be exactly this winding coil around two slot for winding centers between angle.Winding coil A
1To C
4The winding spacing all be 133.3el or 160el.Exactly, winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4The winding spacing be respectively 133.3el, 160el, 160el, 133.3el160el, 133.3el, 133.3el, 160el, 133.3el, 160el and 133.3el.
In above enforcement is novel, also adopted an electronics distributor, it supplies with polyphase windings with heterogeneous sinusoidal current, but the structure of this distributor irrelevant with cogging torque (this distributor is relevant with the fluctuation torque).So electronics distributor shown in Figure 8 can replace the brush current device of machinery.In addition, though the permanent magnet 23 of Fig. 5 is made continuous garden shape form, in the present invention, the magnet component that has the space to separate in the middle of also can adopting.
The front said that even remove false groove, the cogging torque of electric rotating machine of the present invention also was little.In general, if provide following electric rotating machine, just can reduce cogging torque, this electric rotating machine includes: the excitation permanent magnet parts of a garden shape and an armature core of being made by magnetic material, said magnet component has the И and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, both alternately are distributed in the back around the rotating shaft of said electric rotating machine, the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, P is an even number, said armature core has many teeth, each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, T is not less than 2P, the number of said polyphase windings is H, H is not less than 2, wherein said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, alternately be distributed in said rotating shaft around, each said short block has two short teeth and not long tooth at least, each said long piece has a long tooth at least and not short tooth, effective spacing of each short tooth is all less than D=(360/T in the said short tooth) degree, each effective spacing is all greater than D in the said long tooth.
Desirable method is a pair of integral multiple that the number of short block and long piece is got into H.H gets to become to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree to total effective spacing of short block and long piece successively, said H centering successively, the integral multiple that the number of said tooth is got into Q in a pair of adjacent short block and the long piece, also all be desirable, wherein Q is the integral multiple that is not less than an integer of 2 and preferably is not equal to H.Also having a kind of desirable method is that the number of said tooth in adjacent a pair of short block and long piece is got an integral multiple that becomes to be not equal to H.The effective spacing that also has each said short tooth preferably is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each said long tooth, and wherein R is an integer and preferably is not more than 4.Preferably have at least a long tooth to have a false groove at least in the face of on the face of said magnet component in addition at it.The effective spacing that also has each said short tooth preferably is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each said long tooth, wherein R is an integer, and said false groove and said slot for winding all centered on said rotating shaft be distributed in equate or subequal angle on.
Other structure of electric rotating machine of the present invention that can reduce cogging torque is as shown in table 1, lists effective spacing of each tooth in the table.
Table 1
In table 1, arrange the another kind arrangement that (A) listed Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Effective spacing of each short tooth now becomes and equals 2 angular units, and effective spacing of each long tooth becomes and equals 3 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is that (360/51)=7.06 are spent.On the face of short tooth and long tooth, all put, make slot for winding and false groove 1 angular unit of all being separated by each other with false groove.
Arrange (B) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Effective spacing of each short tooth now becomes and equals 3 angular units, and effective spacing of each long tooth becomes and equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is that (360/75)=4.8 are spent.On the face of short tooth and long tooth, all put, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove with false groove.
Another of arranging that (C) listed Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7 arranged, and effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of each long tooth equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is that (360/33)=10.909 are spent.On the face of long tooth, put, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove with false groove.
Arrange (D) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Each short block has 6 short teeth and each long piece has 2 long teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of long tooth then equals 2 or 3 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/33)=10.909 degree.On the face of long tooth, put, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove with false groove.
Arrange (E) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Each short block has 6 short teeth and each long piece has 2 long teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 3 angular units, and effective spacing of long tooth then equals 4 or 5 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/81)=4.444 degree.On the face of short tooth and long tooth, all put, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove with false groove.
In above enforcement was novel, the number of each short block internal tooth was the number greater than each long piece internal tooth, but the structure that can reduce the electric rotating machine of the present invention of cogging torque is not limited to above these situations.In general, if provide following electric rotating machine, just can reduce cogging torque, this electric rotating machine contains: garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts, it has the И and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, the back both alternately be distributed in said electric rotating machine rotating shaft around, the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, P is an even number; And an armature core of making by magnetic material, many teeth are arranged on the armature core, each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2; Wherein said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, short block and long piece alternately be distributed in said rotating shaft around, each short block has a short tooth at least and not long tooth, each long piece has two long teeth and not short tooth at least, effective spacing of each short tooth is less than D=(360/T) degree, effective spacing of each long tooth is then greater than D.
Here desirable method is a pair of integral multiple that the number of short block and long piece is got into H.H gets to become to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree to total effective spacing of short block and long piece successively, said H centering successively, the integral multiple that the number of said tooth is got into Q in a pair of adjacent short block and the long piece, also all be desirable, wherein Q is the integral multiple that is not less than an integer of 2 and preferably is not equal to H.Also having a kind of desirable method is that the number of said tooth in adjacent a pair of short block and long piece is got an integral multiple that becomes to be not equal to H.The effective spacing that also has each said short tooth preferably is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each said long tooth, and wherein R is an integer and preferably is not more than 4.Preferably have at least a long tooth to have a false groove at least in the face of on the face of said magnet component in addition at it.The effective spacing that also has each said short tooth preferably is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each said long tooth, wherein R is an integer, and said false groove and said slot for winding all centered on said rotating shaft be distributed in equate or subequal angle on.
Other structure of electric rotating machine of the present invention that can reduce cogging torque is as shown in table 2, has listed effective spacing of each tooth in the table.
In table 2, arrange the another kind arrangement that (A) listed Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Each long piece 7 long teeth are arranged and
Table 2
In table 2, arrange the another kind arrangement that (A) listed Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Each long piece has 7 long teeth and each short block has 1 short tooth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of long tooth then equals 2 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/45)=8 degree.On the face of long tooth, put, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove with false groove.
Arrange (B) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Each long piece has 7 long teeth and each short block has 1 short tooth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 2 angular units, and effective spacing of each long tooth then equals 3 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/69)=5.217 degree.On the face of short tooth and long tooth, all put, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove with false groove.
Arrange (C) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Each long piece has 7 long teeth and each short block has 1 short tooth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of each long tooth then equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/87)=4.138 degree.Put with false groove on the face of long tooth, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove.
Arrange (D) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Each long piece has 6 long teeth and each short block has 2 short teeth.Effective spacing of short tooth equals 1 angular unit or 2 angular units, and effective spacing of long tooth all equals 3 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/63)=5.714 degree.On the long tooth and the short flank of tooth, all put, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove with false groove.
Arrange (E) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Each long piece has 6 long teeth and each short block has 2 short teeth.Effective spacing of short tooth equals 2 or 3 angular units, and effective spacing of long tooth all equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/87)=4.138 degree.On the short tooth and the long flank of tooth, all put, make apart 1 angular unit of slot for winding and false groove with false groove.
In above enforcement is novel, arrange 3 pairs of short blocks and long piece symmetrically around rotating shaft, but the structure that can reduce the electric rotating machine of the present invention of cogging torque is not limited to above these situations.In general, if provide following electric rotating machine, just can reduce cogging torque, this electric rotating machine contains: garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts, it has the И and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, the back both alternately be distributed in said electric rotating machine rotating shaft around, the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, P is an even number; And an armature core of making by magnetic material, many teeth are arranged on the armature core, each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2; Wherein said armature core has a short tooth at least and has a long tooth at least, and effective spacing of each short tooth is less than D=(360/T) degree, less effective spacing of each long tooth is greater than D; And wherein said armature core L the total effective spacing of tooth successively is to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree, wherein L is an integer bigger than H, Q is one and is not less than 2 integer, minimum value in effective spacing of these teeth is R: R+Vm with the ratio of effective spacing of m tooth in the said tooth of L successively, wherein R is not less than an integer of 1, Vm comprises an integer of 0, during from m=1 to m=L Vm and be W, W is not equal to the integral multiple of Qd, and wherein Qd is divisor of Q and greater than 1.
W=Qd-1 or W=Qd+1 all are desirable.W=Qm-1 or W=Qm+1 also are desirable, and wherein Qm is the integral multiple of Q.Also desirable method is that at least one said long tooth has a false groove facing to said magnet component at least.The said slot for winding of preferably said false groove and the said tooth of L successively all is distributed on equal or the subequal angle round said rotating shaft, and this angle is the 1/R of effective spacing minimum value of said tooth in the said tooth of L successively.
For example, under the novel situation of the enforcement of Fig. 5, Q=P=4, L=24, R=1 and W=Q-1=3; In the arrangement (E) of table 1, Q=4, L=24, R=3 and W=2Q+1=9; Under arrangement (A) situation of table 2, Q=4, L=24, R=1 and W=5Q+1=21; Under arrangement (E) situation of table 2, Q=4, L=24, R=2 and W=10Q-1=39.
Other structure of electric rotating machine of the present invention that can reduce cogging torque is as shown in table 3, has listed effective spacing of each tooth in the table.
Table 3
In table 3, arrange the another kind arrangement that (A) listed Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.This armature core has only a pair of short block and long piece.Long piece has a long tooth and short block has 23 short teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of long tooth then equals 2 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/25)=14.4 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=24, R=1 and W=1.On the face of long tooth, put with a false groove so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (B) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.This armature core has only a pair of short block and long piece.Long piece has a long tooth and short block has 23 short teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of long tooth then equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/27)=13.333 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=24, R=1 and W=3.On the face of long tooth, put with false groove so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (C) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.This armature core has two pairs of short blocks and long piece.Each long piece has a long tooth and short block has 2 short teeth or 20 short teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 2 angular units, and effective spacing of long tooth then equals 3 or 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/51)=7.059 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=24, R=2 and W=3.On the face of short tooth and long tooth, all put, so that apart 1 angular unit of these slot for windings and false groove with false groove.
Arrange (D) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Armature core has only a pair of short block and long piece.Long piece has 23 long teeth and short block has a short tooth.Effective spacing of each long tooth equals 2 angular units, and effective spacing of short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/47)=7.660 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=24, R=1 and W=23.All put with false groove on the face of long tooth, so that apart 1 angular unit of these slot for windings and false groove.
Arrange (E) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Armature core has only a pair of short block and long piece.Long piece has 23 long teeth and short block has a short tooth, and effective spacing of each long tooth equals 4 angular units, and effective spacing of short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/93)=3.871 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=24, R=1 and W=69.All put with false groove on the face of long tooth, so that apart 1 angular unit of these slot for windings and false groove.
Arrange (F) and listed another arrangements of Fig. 5 and armature core 24 each tooth shown in Figure 7.Armature core has two pairs of short blocks and long piece.Each short block has a short tooth, and long piece has 2 or 20 long teeth.Effective spacing of each long tooth equals 3 angular units, and effective spacing of short tooth then equals 1 angular unit or 2 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/69)=5.217 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=24, R=1 and W=45.Being equipped with false groove with having on the short flank of tooth on the face of long tooth, so that apart 1 angular unit of these slot for windings and false groove.
The invention process under the T=3P situation is novel.
Figure 13 shows that a kind of brushless DC motor of the present invention is implemented novel sectional view under the T=3P situation, and it is equivalent to Fig. 3 and common electric rotating machine shown in Figure 4.In Figure 13, a garden cylindricality permanent magnet 43 is fixed on the periphery of the rotor of being made by magnetic material 42, and permanent magnet 43 rotates around a rotating shaft 41 together in company with rotor 42.Permanent magnet 43 has 4 И that replace and the S utmost point, their 90 ° of each interval angle same on the position, i.e. P=4.Among the distribution of the magnetic density of permanent magnet 43 and Fig. 6 is identical.Tooth 46 is arranged on the armature core 44, and each tooth is formed by two adjacent slot for windings 45, and they are all facing to the magnetic pole of permanent magnet 43.The rotating shaft 41 of rotor 42 is supported by armature core 44, but can be rotated.Therefore, the relative position between the magnetic pole of the tooth 46 of armature core 44 and permanent magnet 43 will change along with the rotation of rotor 42.
The expanded view that Figure 14 is Figure 13 brushless DC motor of the present invention when line segment X-X ' and Y-Y ' locate the generate straight line.Armature core 44 has 12 slot for winding a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, and l, and per two adjacent slot for windings 12 teeth, i.e. T=12 providing.Armature core 44 also has 3 false groove a ', b ' and c ', and they are in the place of some tooth of facing permanent magnet 43, do not have winding coil in the false groove.Overlapping winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4All in slot for winding a to 1.Each winding coil A
1To C
43 teeth around armature core 44.That is be A
1In slot for winding a and d, A
2In slot for winding d and g, A
3In slot for winding g and j, A
4In slot for winding j and a, B
1In slot for winding c and f, B
2In slot for winding f and i, B
3In slot for winding i and l, B
4In slot for winding l and c, C
1In slot for winding e and h, C
2In slot for winding h and k, C
3In slot for winding k and b, and C
4In slot for winding b and e.Winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Be connected into series connection, form the first phase winding A, winding coil B
1, B
2, B
3And B
4Be connected into series connection, form the second phase winding B, winding coil C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Be connected into series connection, form third phase winding C.Will illustrate that below the phase difference between winding A, B and the C just in time equals the electric number of degrees of 120el(), wherein 180el is equivalent to i.e. 1 the magnetic distance of (360/P) degree.In Figure 13, P=4, so 180el is equivalent to 90 ° (mechanical degrees), this is the same with angle in the common motor of Fig. 3.Therefore, this three phase winding A, B and C are infeeded three-phase current, the torque that the rotor 42 of can sening as an envoy to quickens.Electronics distributor among Fig. 8 also can be used for Figure 13 brushless DC motor of the present invention.
In Figure 14, because slot for winding a to l is apart and not all be angle same on the position, so effective spacing of each tooth and inequality.At T=3P=12(P=4) under the situation, when the apart equal angles of all slot for windings, effective spacing of standard is D=(360/T)=30 degree.Therefore, short tooth has the effective spacing less than D, and long tooth has the effective spacing greater than D.In Figure 14, tooth a-b, b-c, c-d, e-f, f-g, g-h, i-j, j-k and k-l are short teeth, and tooth d-e, h-i and l-a are long teeth.Three short block＜a are arranged, d among the figure 〉,＜e, h〉and＜i, l 〉, also just be respectively the short block of short block, tooth e-f, f-g and g-h of tooth a-b, b-c and c-d and the short block of tooth i-j, j-k and k-l.Also have three long＜d, e 〉,＜h, i〉and＜l, a 〉, be the long piece of tooth d-e, the long piece of tooth h-i and the long piece of tooth l-a respectively just also.
Short block＜a, d 〉,＜e, h〉and＜i, l〉in, each short block has three short teeth, and at long piece＜d, e 〉,＜h, i〉and＜l, a〉in, each long piece has only a long tooth.The armature core 44 of Figure 13 and brushless DC motor of the present invention shown in Figure 14 has 3 pairs of short blocks and long piece, they alternately be distributed in rotating shaft 41 around, and these three pairs of short blocks and long piece for rotating shaft 41, are symmetrically distributed.
Among short tooth a-b, b-c, c-d, e-f, f-g, g-h, i-j, j-k and the k-l, effective spacing of each tooth is to equal or almost equal (360/15)=24 degree, and among long tooth d-e, h-i and the l-a, effective spacing of each tooth equals or almost equals (720/15)=48 degree.Therefore, effective spacing of each short tooth is 1: 2 with the ratio of effective spacing of each long tooth.Long tooth d-e heart position therein has a false groove a ' in the face of the magnetic pole of permanent magnet 43, and long tooth h-i heart position therein has a false groove b ' and long tooth l-a one false groove c ' also to be arranged heart position therein.Therefore, slot for winding a to l and false groove a ' are to c ' apart equal or subequal angle (360/15)=24 degree on the position.
Below the cogging torque that the invention process shown in Figure 13 is novel will be described.Figure 15 has shown that the 1 pole span cycle of permanent magnet 43 goes up the slot for winding a to l of armature core 44 and the false groove a ' phase place to c '.Be wound with winding A loop A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Slot for winding a, d, g and j and false groove c ' all be placed the phase difference that makes (1 pole span)/15.The phase place that is slot for winding a, d, g and j and false groove c ' differs (1 pole span)/15 each other, and the phase range of slot for winding a, d, g and j is less than (1 pole span)/3.Equally, be wound with winding B coil B
1, B
2, B
3And B
4Slot for winding c, f, i and l and false groove b ' place to such an extent that make same phase difference (1 pole span)/15, and the phase range of slot for winding c, f, i and l is less than (1 pole span)/3.Equally, be wound with winding C coil C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Slot for winding b, e, h and k and false groove a ' place to such an extent that make same phase difference (1 pole span)/15, and the phase range of slot for winding b, e, h and k is less than (1 pole span)/3.In addition, the slot for winding of winding A (a, d, g, j), the phase difference between slot for winding (b, e, h, the k) three of the slot for winding of winding B (c, f, i, l) and winding C just in time equals (1 pole span)/3.As above-mentioned result, the phase difference between three phase winding A, B and the C three just in time equals the 120el degree, and has utilized the distributor 30 of Fig. 8, can draw level and smooth torque.
Slot for winding a to l and false groove a ' are inequality to all phase places of c ', respectively differ (1 pole span)/15 each other, this just anticipate 1 pole span on the cycle compound magnetic variationization can diminish.Figure 16 has illustrated slot for winding a to l and the false groove a ' waveform to the compound magnetic variation Tv of the magnetic variation waveform of c ' and armature core 44.The magnetic variationization of each slot for winding and false groove is equivalent to each aperture widths and changes smoothly, and each false groove a ', b ' and c ' have the magnetic influence same with each slot for winding a to l.Because the phase place of slot for winding and false groove differs (little pole span)/15 each other, so compound magnetic variation Tv becomes very little.
Figure 17 is the waveform of compound magnetic variation Tv ' of the armature core 14 of Fig. 3 and the common electric rotating machine of Fig. 4.Under common electric rotating machine situation, the phase place of slot for winding a, b, g and j all is separated by 1 pole span and mutually the same, and the phase place of slot for winding b, e, h and k is all mutually the same, and the phase place of slot for winding c, f, i and l is also all mutually the same.So compound magnetic variation Tv ' is very big.More once the compound magnetic variation Tv ' of the compound magnetic variation Tv of Figure 16 and Figure 17 can know that the Tv of motor of the present invention is more much smaller than common motor Tv '.Therefore, the enforcement of brushless DC motor of the present invention shown in Figure 13 is novel has only very little cogging torque.Merit attention, the brushless DC motor of Figure 13 is not when having false groove, and its cogging torque also is very little, and this is because when not having false groove, and the compound magnetic variationization of armature core 44 is also less than the compound magnetic variation Tv ' of armature core 14 usually among Figure 17.
In above enforcement is novel, the winding coil A of armature core 44
1, A
2, A
3A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Can both be with a coil winding machine automatic winding, because the winding spacing of these winding coils all almost equals 1 pole span of permanent magnet 43.Winding coil A
1To C
4The winding spacing all be 144el or 192el.Exactly, winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4The winding spacing be respectively 144el, 192el, 192el, 192el, 192el, 192el, 144el, 192el, 144el, 192el, 192el and 192el.
Other structure of electric rotating machine of the present invention that can reduce cogging torque is as shown in table 4, has listed effective spacing of each tooth in the table.
Table 4
In table 4, arrange the another kind arrangement that (A) listed Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Effective spacing of each short tooth now becomes and equals 2 angular units, and effective spacing of each long tooth becomes and equals 3 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is that (360/27)=13.333 are spent.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=2 and W=3.On the face of short tooth and long tooth, all put with false groove so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (B) and list another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Effective spacing of each short tooth becomes and equals 3 angular units, and effective spacing of each long tooth becomes and equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is that (360/39)=9.231 are spent.So Q=4, L=12, R=3 and W=3.All put with false groove on the face of short tooth and long tooth, making these slot for windings and false groove apart all is 1 angular unit.
Arrange (C) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of each long tooth becomes and equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is that (360/21)=17.143 are spent.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=9.All put with false groove on the long flank of tooth, making these slot for windings and false groove apart all is 1 angular unit.
Arrange (D) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Each short block has 2 short teeth, and each long piece has 2 long teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit and effective spacing of long tooth equals 2 or 3 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is that (360/21)=17.143 are spent.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=9.On the long flank of tooth, all put with false groove so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (E) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Each short block has two short teeth, and each long piece has 2 short teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 3 angular units and effective spacing of long tooth equals 4 or 5 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is that (360/45)=8 are spent.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=3 and W=9.All put with false groove on the short tooth and the long flank of tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
In the above enforcement of T=3P was novel, the number of tooth was the number greater than tooth in each long piece in each short block, but the structure that can reduce the electric rotating machine of the present invention of cogging torque is not limited to these situations.
Other structure of electric rotating machine of the present invention that can reduce cogging torque is as shown in table 5, has listed effective spacing of each tooth in the table.
Table 5
In table 5, arrange the another kind arrangement that (A) listed Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Each long piece has 3 long teeth, and each short block has 1 short tooth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of each long tooth equals 2 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/21)=17.143 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=9.All put with false groove on the face of long tooth, making these slot for windings and false groove apart all is 1 angular unit.
Arrange (B) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Each long piece has 3 long teeth, and each short block has 1 short tooth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 2 angular units, and effective spacing of each long tooth equals 3 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/33)=10.909 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=2 and W=9.All put with false groove on the short tooth and the long flank of tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (C) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Each long piece has 3 long teeth, and each short block has 1 short tooth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of each long tooth equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/39)=9.231 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=27.On the long flank of tooth, all put with false groove so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (D) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Each long piece has 2 long teeth, and each short block has 2 short teeth.Effective spacing of short tooth equals 1 angular unit or 2 angular units, and effective spacing of long tooth all equals 3 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/27)=13.333 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=15.All put with false groove on the long tooth and the short flank of tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (E) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Each long piece has 2 long teeth, and each short block has 2 short teeth.Effective spacing of short tooth equals 2 or 3 angular units, and effective spacing of long tooth all equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/39)=9.231 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=15.All put with false groove on the short tooth and the long flank of tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
In the above enforcement of T=3P is novel, centered on rotating shaft and arranged 3 pairs of short blocks and long piece symmetrically, but the structure that can reduce the electric rotating machine of the present invention of cogging torque is not limited to these situations.
Other structure of electric rotating machine of the present invention that can reduce cogging torque is as shown in table 6, has listed effective spacing of each tooth in the table.
Table 6
In table 6, arrange the another kind arrangement that (A) listed Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.This armature core has only 1 pair of short block and long piece.Long piece has 1 long tooth, and short block has 11 short teeth, and effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of long tooth equals 2 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/13)=27.692 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=1.On the long flank of tooth, put a false groove so that these slot for windings and this false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (B) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Armature core has only a pair of short block and long piece.Long piece has 1 long tooth, and short block has 11 short teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and effective spacing of long tooth equals 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/15)=24 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=3.Put with false groove on the long flank of tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (C) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Armature core has two pairs of short blocks and long piece.Each long piece has 1 long tooth, and short block has 2 short teeth or 8 short teeth.Effective spacing of each short tooth equals 2 angular units, and effective spacing of long tooth equals 3 or 4 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/27)=13.333 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=2 and W=3.All put with false groove on the short tooth and the long flank of tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (D) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Armature core has only a pair of short block and long piece.Long piece has 11 long teeth, and short block has 1 short tooth.Effective spacing of each long tooth equals 2 angular units, and effective spacing of short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/23)=15.652 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=11.All put with false groove on the face of long tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (E) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Armature core has only a pair of short block and long piece.Long piece has 11 long teeth, and short block has 1 short tooth, and effective spacing of each long tooth equals 4 angular units, and effective spacing of short tooth equals 1 angular unit, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/45)=8 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=33 put with false groove on the long flank of tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Arrange (F) and listed another arrangements of Figure 13 and armature core 44 each tooth shown in Figure 14.Armature core has two pairs of short blocks and long piece.Each short block has 1 short tooth, and long piece then has 2 or 8 long teeth.Effective spacing of each long tooth equals 3 angular units, and effective spacing of short tooth equals 1 angular unit or 2 angular units, and wherein 1 angular unit is (360/33)=10.909 degree.Therefore, Q=4, L=12, R=1 and W=21.Put with false groove on the face of long tooth and on the face of a short tooth so that these slot for windings and false groove apart all be 1 angular unit.
Figure 18 shows that the another kind of brushless DC motor of the present invention is implemented novel sectional view under the T=3P situation, and it is equivalent to Fig. 3 and common electric rotating machine shown in Figure 4.In Figure 18, a garden cylindricality permanent magnet 53 is fixed on the periphery of the rotor of being made by magnetic material 52, and permanent magnet 53 rotates around a rotating shaft 51 together in company with rotor 52.Permanent magnet 53 has 4 И that replace and the S utmost point, their 90 ° of each interval angle same on the position, i.e. P=4.Among the distribution of the magnetic density of permanent magnet 53 and Fig. 6 is identical.Tooth 56 is arranged on the armature core 54, and each tooth is formed by two adjacent slot for windings 55, and they are all facing to the magnetic pole of permanent magnet 53.The rotating shaft 51 of rotor 52 is supported by armature core 54, but can be rotated.Therefore, the relative position between the magnetic pole of the tooth 56 of armature core 54 and permanent magnet 53 will change along with the rotation of rotor 52.
The expanded view that Figure 19 is Figure 18 brushless DC motor of the present invention when line segment X-X ' and Y-Y ' locate the generate straight line.Armature core 54 has 12 slot for winding a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k and l, and per two adjacent slot for windings 12 teeth, i.e. T=12 providing.Armature core 54 also has 6 false groove a ', b ', c ', d ', e ' and f ', and they do not have winding coil in the place of some tooth of facing permanent magnet 53 in the false groove.Overlapping winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3, A
4, B
1, B
2, B
3, B
4, C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4All in slot for winding a to l.Each winding coil A
1To C
43 teeth around armature core 54.That is be A
1In slot for winding a and d, A
2In slot for winding d and g, A
3In slot for winding g and j, A
4In slot for winding j and a, B
1In slot for winding c and f, B
2In slot for winding f and i, B
3In slot for winding i and l, B
4In slot for winding l and c, C
1In slot for winding e and h, C
2In slot for winding h and k, C
3In slot for winding k and b, and C
4In slot for winding b and e.Winding coil A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Be connected into series connection, form the first phase winding A, winding coil B
1, B
2, B
3And B
4Be connected into series connection and form the second phase winding B, winding coil C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Be connected into series connection and form third phase winding C.Will illustrate that below the phase difference between winding A, B and the C just in time equals the electric number of degrees of 120el(), wherein 180el is equivalent to (360/P) degree.I.e. 1 magnetic distance.In Figure 18, P=4, so 180el is equivalent to 90 ° (mechanical degrees), this is the same with angle in the common motor of Fig. 3.Therefore, this three phase winding A, B and C are infeeded three-phase current, the torque that the rotor 52 of can sening as an envoy to quickens.Electronics distributor among Fig. 8 also can be used for Figure 18 brushless DC motor of the present invention.
In Figure 19, because slot for winding a to l is apart and not all be angle same on the position, so effective spacing of each tooth and inequality.At T=3P=12(P=4) under the situation, when the apart equal angles of all slot for windings, effective spacing of standard is D=(360/T)=30 degree.Therefore, short tooth has the effective spacing less than D, and long tooth has the effective spacing greater than D.In Figure 19, tooth a-b, c-d, e-f, g-h, i-j and k-l are short teeth, and tooth b-c, d-e, f-g, h-i, j-k and l-a are long teeth.6 short block＜a are arranged, b here 〉,＜c, d 〉,＜e, f〉and,＜g, h 〉,＜i, j〉and＜k, l〉and 6 long＜b, c 〉,＜d, e〉and,＜f, g 〉,＜h, i〉and,＜j, k〉and＜l, a 〉.Each short block has only a short tooth, and each long piece also has only a long tooth.The armature core 54 of Figure 18 and brushless DC motor of the present invention shown in Figure 19 has 6 pairs of short blocks and long piece, they alternately be distributed in rotating shaft 51 around.
Short tooth a-b, c-d, e-f, g-h, among i-j and the k-l, effective spacing of each tooth is to equal or almost equal (360/18)=20 degree, at long tooth b-c, d-e, among h-i and the j-k, effective spacing of each tooth equals or almost equals (720/18)=40 degree, effective spacing of long tooth f-g equals or almost equals (1+5/4) 20=45 degree, and effective spacing of long tooth l-a equals or almost equals (1+3/4) 20=35 degree, each long tooth b-c, d-e, f-g, h-i, j-k and l-a respectively have a false groove a ' on its flank of tooth in the face of the magnetic pole of permanent magnet 53, b ', c ', d ', e ' and f '.Slot for winding a, b, c, d, e and f and false groove a ', b ' and the c ' formation first groove group, their angle same of on the position, in turn being separated by, promptly first spacing 20 is spent, slot for winding g, h, i, j, k and l and false groove d ', e ' and the f ' formation second groove group, their first spacings of on the position, also in turn being separated by.Spacing between the adjacent slot for winding of the first groove group and the second groove group both sides is 35 degree or 45 degree, after neither equal the integral multiple of first spacing 20 degree.
Below the cogging torque that the invention process shown in Figure 180 is novel will be described.Figure 20 has shown that the 1 pole span cycle of permanent magnet 53 goes up the slot for winding a to l of armature core 54 and the false groove a ' phase place to f '.Be wound with winding A loop A
1, A
2, A
3, and A
4Slot for winding a, d, g and j and false groove c ' and f ' all arrange to such an extent that make the phase difference of (1 pole span)/18.The phase place that is slot for winding a, d, g and j and false groove c ' and f ' differs (1 pole span)/18 each other, and the phase range of slot for winding a, d, g and j is less than (1 pole span)/3.Equally, be wound with winding B coil B
1, B
2, B
3And B
4Slot for winding c, f, i and l and false groove a ' and d ' all arrange to such an extent that make the phase difference of identical (1 pole span)/18, and the phase range of slot for winding c, f, i and l is less than (1 pole span)/3.Equally, be wound with winding C coil C
1, C
2, C
3And C
4Slot for winding b, e, h and k and false groove b ' and e ' all arrange to such an extent that make same phase difference (1 pole span)/18, and the phase range of slot for winding b, e, h and k is less than (1 pole span)/3.In addition, and the slot for winding of winding A (a, d, g, j), the phase difference between slot for winding (b, e, h, the k) three of the slot for winding of winding B (c, f, i, l) and winding C just in time equals (1 pole span)/3.As above-mentioned result, the phase difference between three phase winding A, B and the C three just in time equals the 120el degree, and utilizes the distributor 30 of Fig. 8, can draw level and smooth torque.
Slot for winding a to l and false groove a ' are inequality to all phase places of f ', respectively differ (1 pole span)/18 each other, this just anticipate 1 pole span on the cycle compound magnetic variationization can diminish.Figure 21 has illustrated slot for winding a to l and the false groove a ' waveform to the compound magnetic variation Tv of the magnetic variation waveform of f ' and armature core 54.The magnetic variationization of each slot for winding and false groove is equivalent to each aperture widths and changes smoothly, and each false groove a ', b ', c ', d ', e ' and f ' have the magnetic influence same with each slot for winding a to l.Because the phase place of slot for winding and false groove differs (1 pole span)/18 each other, so compound magnetic variation Tv becomes quite little.More once the compound magnetic variation Tv ' of the compound magnetic variation Tv of Figure 21 and Figure 17 just knows that the Tv of motor of the present invention is more much smaller than the Tv ' of common motor.Therefore, the enforcement of brushless DC motor of the present invention shown in Figure 180 is novel has only very little cogging torque.
In the enforcement of above Figure 18 is novel, two groove groups are arranged in the armature core, but the structure that can reduce the electric rotating machine of the present invention of cogging torque is not limited to this situation.In general, if provide following electric rotating machine, just can reduce cogging torque, this electric rotating machine contains: garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts and an armature core of being made by magnetic material, said magnet component has the И and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, the back both alternately be distributed in said electric rotating machine rotating shaft around, the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number, and many teeth are arranged on the said armature core, each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2; Wherein have at least a said tooth to have a false groove at least, said armature core has one first groove group and one second groove group at least, said false groove and said slot for winding in the said first groove group all are positioned to an apart equal angle that equals or almost equal first spacing, said false groove in the said second groove group and said slot for winding also are positioned to apart and equal or almost equal first spacing, and second spacing between said first groove group and the adjacent slot for winding of the said second groove group is not equal to the integral multiple of said first spacing.
To be second spacing equal with the ratio of first spacing desirable method (1+ И/M) or (1-И/M), wherein M is one not little 2 a integer, and И is and is not less than 1 integer, and И is not equal to the integral multiple of M.Preferably said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, short block and long piece alternately be distributed in said rotating shaft around, each said short block has a short tooth at least and not long tooth, each said long piece has a long tooth and not short tooth at least, wherein effective spacing of each said short tooth is less than D=(360/T) degree, and effective spacing of each said long tooth is greater than D.Preferably the number of said tooth is the number that is not less than said tooth in each said long piece in each said short block.
Illustrated that above some enforcement of the present invention is novel, but should be understood that these implement novel only is to a kind of understanding of the present invention, can not be as a kind of restriction of the scope of the invention.Under the situation of not leaving the scope of the invention that defines by appended claim, can also make many modifications and change.
Claims (65)
1, a kind of electric rotating machine, it comprises:
Garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts, it has the N and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, and both alternately are distributed in the back around the rotating shaft of said electric rotating machine, and the number of the said N and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number; And
An armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several multinomial windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2.
Wherein said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, short block and long piece alternately are distributed in around the said rotating shaft, said short block contains two short teeth and not long tooth at least, said long piece has a long tooth at least and not short tooth, effective spacing of the per tooth of wherein said at least two short teeth is less than D=(360/T) degree, and in said at least one long tooth effective spacing of each long tooth all greater than D.
2, claim 1 desired electric rotating machine, the paired number of wherein said at least one pair of short block and long piece is the integral multiple of H.
3, claim 1 desired electric rotating machine, wherein H successively is to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree to total effectively spacing of said at least one pair of short block and long piece, and is the integral multiple of Q at said H successively to a pair of adjacent short block and the number of long piece internal tooth in short block and the long piece, and wherein Q is not less than an integer of 2.
4, claim 3 electric rotating machine that requires, wherein Q is not equal to the integral multiple of H.
5, claim 1 desired electric rotating machine, wherein in said at least one pair of short block and long piece in a pair of adjacent short block and the long piece number of said tooth be not equal to the integral multiple of H.
6, claim 1 desired electric rotating machine, effective spacing of the short tooth of each of wherein said at least two short teeth is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each long tooth of said at least one long tooth, wherein R is an integer.
7, claim 1 desired electric rotating machine wherein has at least said at least one long tooth to contain a false groove at it at least in the face of on the face of said magnet.
8, claim 7 desired electric rotating machines, effective spacing of the short tooth of each of wherein said at least two short teeth is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each long tooth of said at least one long tooth, wherein R is an integer, and said false groove and said slot for winding all round said rotating shaft be distributed in equate or subequal angle on.
9, the number of said tooth is greater than the number of said tooth in the said long piece in the claim 1 desired electric rotating machine, wherein said short block.
10, claim 1 desired electric rotating machine, wherein said at least one pair of short block of said armature core and said long piece all be distributed in symmetrically said rotating shaft around.
11, claim 1 desired electric rotating machine, wherein H is 3 integral multiple, and the paired number of said at least one pair of short block and long piece is 3 integral multiple.
12, claim 1 desired electric rotating machine, wherein H is 3 integral multiple, total effectively spacing of 3 pairs of said at least one pair of short blocks and long piece is to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree successively, and the number of the said tooth in the said a pair of adjacent short blocks of 3 centerings successively and long piece is the integral multiple of Q, and wherein Q is one and is not less than 2 integer.
13, claim 12 desired electric rotating machines, wherein Q is not equal to 3 integral multiple
14, claim 12 desired electric rotating machines, wherein T is the integral multiple of P and is not less than 3P.
15, claim 14 desired electric rotating machines, wherein the number of tooth is (TQ/3P)-1 in said short block, and the number of tooth is 1 in said long piece.
16, claim 15 desired electric rotating machine, wherein T=6P.
17, claim 15 desired electric rotating machine, wherein T=3P.
18, a kind of electric rotating machine, it comprises:
Garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts, it has the И and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, and both alternately are distributed in the back around the rotating shaft of said electric rotating machine, and the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number; And
An armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several multinomial windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2.
Wherein said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, short block and long piece alternately are distributed in around the said rotating shaft, said short block contains a short tooth and not long tooth at least, said long piece has two long teeth at least and not short tooth, effective spacing of the per tooth of wherein said at least one short tooth is all less than D=(360/T) degree, and in said at least two long teeth effective spacing of each long tooth all greater than D.
19, claim 18 desired electric rotating machines, the paired number of wherein said at least one pair of short block and long piece is the integral multiple of H.
20, claim 18 desired electric rotating machines, wherein H successively is to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree to total effectively spacing of said at least one pair of short block and long piece, and the number of said tooth is the integral multiple of Q in a pair of adjacent short block of said H centering successively and long piece, and wherein Q is not less than an integer of 2.
21, claim 20 desired electric rotating machines, wherein Q is not equal to the integral multiple of H.
22, the number of a pair of adjacent short block and the interior said tooth of long piece is not equal to the integral multiple of H in the claim 18 desired electric rotating machines, wherein said at least one pair of short block and long piece.
23, claim 18 desired electric rotating machines, effective spacing of the short tooth of each of wherein said at least one short tooth is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each long tooth of said at least two long teeth, wherein R is an integer.
24, claim 18 desired electric rotating machines wherein have at least said at least two long teeth to contain a false groove at it at least in the face of on the face of said magnet component.
25, claim 24 desired electric rotating machines, effective spacing of the short tooth of each of wherein said at least one short tooth is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each long tooth of said at least two long teeth, wherein R is an integer, and said false groove and said slot for winding all round said rotating shaft be distributed in equate or subequal angle on.
26, the number of said tooth is greater than the number of said tooth in the said short block in the claim 18 desired electric rotating machines, wherein said long piece.
27, claim 18 desired electric rotating machines, wherein said at least one pair of short block of said armature core and said long piece all be distributed in symmetrically said rotating shaft around.
28, claim 18 desired electric rotating machines, wherein H is 3 integral multiple, and the paired number of said at least one pair of short block and long piece is 3 integral multiple.
29, claim 18 desired electric rotating machines, wherein H is 3 integral multiple, total effectively spacing of 3 pairs of said at least one pair of short blocks and long piece is to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree successively, and the number of the said tooth in the said a pair of adjacent short blocks of 3 centerings successively and long piece is the integral multiple of Q, and wherein Q is one and is not less than 2 integer.
30, claim 29 desired electric rotating machines, wherein Q is not equal to 3 integral multiple.
31, claim 29 desired electric rotating machines, wherein T is the integral multiple of P and is not less than 3P.
32, claim 31 desired electric rotating machines, wherein the number of tooth is (TQ/3P)-1 in said long piece, and the number of tooth is 1 in said short block.
33, claim 32 desired electric rotating machine, wherein T=6P.
34, claim 32 desired electric rotating machine, wherein T=3P.
35, a kind of electric rotating machine, it comprises:
Garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts, it has the И and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, and both alternately are distributed in the back around the rotating shaft of said motor, and the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number.
An armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2
Wherein said armature core has a short tooth at least and has a long tooth at least, each effective spacing of said at least one short tooth all is less than D=(360/T) degree, and each effective spacing of said at least one long tooth is all greater than D, total effectively spacing of the tooth of L successively of said armature core is to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree, wherein L is an integer greater than H, and Q is not less than an integer of 2;
Wherein the minimum value in effective spacing of these teeth is R: R+Vm with the ratio of effective spacing of m tooth in the said tooth of L successively, and wherein R is not less than 1 integer Vm to be one and to comprise 0 integer; And
During wherein from m=1 to m=L Vm and be W, W is not equal to Q
dIntegral multiple, wherein Q
dOne that is Q except that the place and greater than 1.
36, claim 35 desired electric rotating machine, wherein W=Qd-1.
37, claim 35 desired electric rotating machine, wherein W=Qd+1.
38, claim 35 desired electric rotating machines, W=Qm-1 wherein, and Qm is the integral multiple of Q.
39, claim 35 desired electric rotating machines, W=Qm+1 wherein, and Qm is the integral multiple of Q.
40, claim 35 desired electric rotating machine, wherein Q=P.
41, claim 35 desired electric rotating machine, wherein H=3.
42, claim 35 desired electric rotating machines, wherein Q is not equal to the integral multiple of H.
43, claim 35 desired electric rotating machines have at least a long tooth to contain at least one false groove in wherein said at least one long tooth, and this false groove face is facing to said magnet component.
44, claim 43 desired electric rotating machines, the slot for winding of wherein said false groove and the said tooth of L successively, all be distributed on equal or the subequal angle round said rotating shaft, this angle is the I/R of effective spacing minimum value of said tooth in the said tooth of L successively.
45, a kind of electric rotating machine, it comprises:
Garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts, it has the И and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, and both alternately are distributed in the back around the rotating shaft of said motor, and the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number; And
An armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2
Wherein at least one said tooth has at least one false groove;
Wherein said armature core has one first groove group and one second groove group at least, said false groove in the said first groove group and said slot for winding all are disposed on the equal or subequal angle that equals first spacing, and said false groove in the said second groove group and said slot for winding also all are disposed on the equal or subequal angle that equals first spacing; And
Second spacing between wherein said first groove group and the adjacent winding of the said second groove group is not equal to the integral multiple of said first spacing.
46, claim 45 desired electric rotating machines, wherein second spacing equal with the ratio of first spacing (1+ И/M) or (1-И/M), wherein M is one and is not less than 2 integer, И is one and is not less than 1 integer, and И is not equal to the integral multiple of M.
47, claim 45 desired electric rotating machines, wherein said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, short block and long piece alternately be distributed in said rotating shaft around, said short block has a short tooth at least and not long tooth, said long piece has a long tooth and not short tooth at least, effective spacing of the short tooth of each of wherein said at least one short tooth is all less than D=(360/T) degree, and effective spacing of each long tooth of said at least one long tooth is all greater than D.
48, claim 47 desired electric rotating machines, wherein the number of said tooth is the number that is not less than said tooth in said long piece in said short block.
49, motor a kind of brushless DC(direct current), it comprises:
Garden shape excitation permanent magnet parts, it has the И and the S utmost point of permanent magnetization, and both alternately are distributed in the back around the rotating shaft of said brushless DC motor, and the number of the said И and the S utmost point is P, and P is an even number;
An armature core of making by magnetic material, it has many teeth, and each tooth is formed by adjacent two slot for windings, be wound with the overlapping winding coil of several polyphase windings in the slot for winding, the number of said tooth is T, and T is not less than 2P, the number of phases of said polyphase windings is H, and H is not less than 2; And
A power distribution equipment, it has a position detecting device, and the latter is used for detecting the relative position between said magnet component and the said armature core, also has a drive unit, be used for to the output signal suitable multiphase current of said polyphase windings supply with said position detecting device
Wherein said armature core has a pair of short block and long piece at least, short block and long piece alternately are distributed in around the said rotating shaft, said short block also has a short tooth and not long tooth at least, said long piece has a long tooth at least and not short tooth, effective spacing of the short tooth of each of wherein said at least one short tooth is all less than the D=(360/T(degree), and effective spacing of each long tooth of said at least one long tooth is all greater than D.
50, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors, the paired number of wherein said at least one pair of short block and long piece is the integral multiple of H.
51, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors, wherein H successively is to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree to total effectively spacing of said at least one pair of short block and long piece, and the number of said tooth is the integral multiple of Q in a pair of adjacent short block of said H centering successively and long piece, and wherein Q is not less than an integer of 2.
52, claim 51 desired brushless DC motors, wherein Q is not equal to the integral multiple of H.
53, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors, a pair of adjacent short block in wherein said at least one pair of short block and the long piece and the number of long piece internal tooth are the integral multiples that is not equal to H.
54, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors, effective spacing of the short tooth of each of wherein said at least one short tooth is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each long tooth of said at least one long tooth, wherein R is an integer.
55, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors wherein have at least said at least one long tooth to contain a false groove at it at least in the face of on the face of said magnet component.
56, claim 55 desired brushless DC motors, effective spacing of the short tooth of each of wherein said at least one short tooth is R: R+1 with the ratio of effective spacing of each long tooth of said at least one long tooth, wherein R is an integer, and said false groove and said slot for winding all round said rotating shaft be distributed in equate or subequal angle on.
57, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors, the number of wherein said short block internal tooth is greater than the number of said long piece internal tooth.
58, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors, wherein the short block in said at least one pair of short block of said armature core and the long piece and long piece all be distributed in symmetrically said rotating shaft around.
59, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors, wherein H is 3 integral multiple, and the paired number of said at least one pair of short block and long piece is 3 integral multiple.
60, claim 49 desired brushless DC motors, wherein H is 3 integral multiple, total effectively spacing of 3 pairs of said at least one pair of short blocks and long piece is to equal or almost equal (360/P) Q degree successively, and the number of the tooth in the said a pair of adjacent short blocks of 3 centerings successively and long piece is the integral multiple of Q, and wherein Q is one and is not less than 2 integer.
61, claim 60 desired brushless DC motors, wherein Q is not equal to 3 integral multiple.
62, claim 60 desired brushless DC motors, wherein T is the integral multiple of P and is not less than 3P.
63, claim 62 desired brushless DC motors, wherein the number of tooth is (TQ/3P)-1 in said short block, and the number of tooth is 1 in said long piece.
64, claim 63 desired brushless DC motor, wherein T=6P.
65, claim 63 desired brushless DC motor, wherein T=3P
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85106443 CN1008582B (en) | 1985-08-27 | 1985-08-27 | Reduce the electric rotating machine of cogging torque |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85106443 CN1008582B (en) | 1985-08-27 | 1985-08-27 | Reduce the electric rotating machine of cogging torque |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85106443A true CN85106443A (en) | 1987-03-18 |
| CN1008582B CN1008582B (en) | 1990-06-27 |
Family
ID=4795081
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 85106443 Expired CN1008582B (en) | 1985-08-27 | 1985-08-27 | Reduce the electric rotating machine of cogging torque |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1008582B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996013891A1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-09 | Xiabin Bai | New structure generator |
| CN102884714A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2013-01-16 | Abb研究有限公司 | Electrical machine with circumferentially skewed rotor poles or stator coils |
| CN107659095A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-02-02 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | A kind of asynchronous machine |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102252374A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2011-11-23 | 吴尚 | Air conditioner and air-conditioning system |
-
1985
- 1985-08-27 CN CN 85106443 patent/CN1008582B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996013891A1 (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1996-05-09 | Xiabin Bai | New structure generator |
| GB2311173A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1997-09-17 | Xiabin Bai | New structure generator |
| GB2311173B (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1998-05-13 | Xiabin Bai | An Electric Generator |
| US5925959A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1999-07-20 | Xiabin Bai | Electric generator with novel structure |
| CN102884714A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2013-01-16 | Abb研究有限公司 | Electrical machine with circumferentially skewed rotor poles or stator coils |
| CN102884714B (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2016-09-28 | Abb研究有限公司 | There is the crooked rotor magnetic pole of circumference and the motor of stator coil |
| CN107659095A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-02-02 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | A kind of asynchronous machine |
| CN107659095B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2023-11-14 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | Asynchronous motor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1008582B (en) | 1990-06-27 |
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