CN2624057Y - Small-sized inverse combustion coal gasification boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small-sized high-efficiency reverse-burning coal gasification boiler, which is characterized in that it comprises a coal gasification chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a furnace, a convection heating surface and a boiler shell. The reverse burning coal gasification chamber is adopted, and the excess air coefficient of the primary air is α<1, which is generally controlled at about 0.8. In order to ensure the gasification temperature, an adiabatic gasification chamber is used. The coal inlet adopts a sealed furnace door to ensure normal positive pressure operation in the gasification chamber. The detachable water-cooled grate is adopted to facilitate timely replacement of the grate. In the second combustion chamber, the high-temperature hot coke flame dropped from the coal gasification chamber is used to ensure the smooth ignition of the coal gas. The convection heating surface adopts a single-pass vertical smoke pipe structure, which prevents ash from being blocked in the pipe and improves the working efficiency of the boiler. Compared with the general reverse burning furnace, because of the use of coal gasification and then combustion, the exhaust smoke pollution is reduced and the thermal efficiency of the boiler is improved. The boiler has the characteristics of simple structure, easy manufacture and low production cost.

Description

Small anti-burning coal gasification boiler

1. Technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of boilers, and mainly relates to boilers using various coals as fuels, in particular to a small reverse-burning coal gasification boiler which uses various coals as fuels and is suitable for producing hot water with low quality requirements.

2. Background technology

my country is a country where coal is the main energy source. Coal accounts for 75% of the primary energy, and about 60% of it is used for industrial or civil boilers. At present, most industrial or civil boilers obtain heat energy by directly burning raw coal. The direct combustion of coal has two major disadvantages: First, the exhaust smoke contains a large amount of unburned carbon particles and a large amount of dust, which seriously pollutes the environment. Second, the utilization efficiency of coal is low and the waste is too large. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for the quality of the living environment are also getting higher and higher. At present, large-scale coal gasification technology has been well developed and applied, but small-scale coal gasification boiler technology is still far from perfect.

3. Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a small-scale anti-burning coal gasification boiler with low production cost, easy manufacture, simple structure and convenient use, focusing on solving the black smoke problem of conventional small-scale boilers.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution of the utility model is realized in the following manner:

The small anti-burning coal gasification boiler includes: coal inlet, adiabatic furnace wall, slag discharge chamber, replaceable water-cooled grate, water-cooled grate header, secondary tuyere, furnace, convective heating surface, exhaust pipe, boiler The shell and the necessary accessories of the boiler; its structural feature is that it also includes a secondary combustion chamber and a coal gasification chamber arranged above the slagging chamber, the coal gasification chamber is arranged on the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber, and there is The air outlet of the fan, one side of the secondary combustion chamber is equipped with a tuyere, the other side of the secondary combustion chamber is the furnace, and a slag discharge chamber is arranged below, the secondary gas is fully burned in the furnace, and a one-way convection heating surface is arranged above the furnace. The working medium water is used for heat exchange, and there is a smoke exhaust port and a water outlet; the boiler shell is a "U"-shaped structure, the coal inlet is provided with a sealed furnace door, and one end of the water-cooled grate is provided with a water inlet, and the water-cooled grate passes through The connecting pipe is connected with the boiler shell.

Other features of the utility model are that, in order to ensure the gasification temperature of the coal gasification chamber, the coal gasification chamber adopts a heat-insulated furnace wall structure. In order to ensure that the grate of the coal gasification chamber works for a long time at high temperature, a detachable water-cooled grate is used.

The size control of the air supply volume is a key factor for the normal operation of the utility model. In order to achieve the purpose of stable gasification, a fan is used to force the air supply, and the air supply volume is controlled by a valve. Generally, the excess air coefficient α is controlled at about 0.8. After preliminary laboratory gasification experiments, gasification is stable and feasible under this condition. The generated coal gas is ignited and burned under the action of high-temperature hot coal slag. At this time, the combustion state in the furnace is close to the combustion of gaseous fuel. The content of unburned carbon and dust in the flue gas produced by combustion is very small, which can basically solve the problem of black smoke from the chimney and have a good effect on eliminating air pollution.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the characteristics of simple structure, reasonable design, easy manufacture and low production cost, and has wide popularization and use value.

4. Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural front view of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a top view of the structure of the utility model.

5. Specific implementation

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the utility model is further described:

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it can be seen that the small reverse combustion coal gasification boiler includes: coal inlet 1, adiabatic furnace wall 13, slag discharge chamber 7, replaceable water-cooled grate 3, water-cooled grate header 8, secondary air outlet 4. Furnace 9, convection heating surface 10, smoke exhaust pipe 12, boiler shell 16 and necessary accessories of the boiler; also includes secondary combustion chamber 6, coal gasification chamber 2 and coal gasification chamber arranged above the slagging chamber 7 2 is arranged on the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber 6. There is a fan air supply port 14 above the coal gasification chamber 2. One side of the secondary combustion chamber 6 is provided with a tuyere 5. The other side of the secondary combustion chamber is a furnace 9. In the slag chamber 7, the secondary gas is fully burned in the furnace 9, and a one-way convective heating surface 10 is arranged above the furnace 9 to exchange heat with the working medium water, wherein a smoke exhaust port 12 and a water outlet 11 are provided; the boiler shell 16 is "U"-shaped structure, the coal inlet 1 is provided with a sealed furnace door, and one end of the water-cooled grate 3 is provided with a water inlet 17, and the water-cooled grate 3 is connected to the boiler shell 16 through a connecting pipe 15.

When operating and using the utility model, a certain amount of water is added to the boiler shell 16 in advance, raw coal is added to the coal gasification chamber 2 from the coal inlet 1, the thickness of the coal seam is controlled at 600-800mm, and the coal is heated and ignited from the upper part of the coal seam. . The blower fan is used to supply air by the air supply port 14, and the air supply volume is controlled so that α is around 0.8 to ensure the smooth generation of gas. Since the gasification chamber operates under positive pressure conditions, in order to ensure the normal operation of the gasification chamber, the coal inlet adopts a sealed furnace door. When the produced gas passes through the secondary combustion chamber 6 , it is ignited and combusted under the action of the high-temperature hot coal slag preset in the secondary combustion chamber 6 ; and it is fully combusted in the furnace 9 . The secondary combustion chamber 6 and the furnace 9 are naturally ventilated through the tuyere 5, and the amount of ventilation is realized by controlling the size of the damper. The high-temperature flue gas from the furnace 9 scours the convective heating surface 10 to exchange heat with the working medium water. The flue gas is finally discharged from the tail flue. Owing to the oxidation and reduction reactions that occur in the coal gasification chamber, there is almost no generation of carbon particles and dust, and the combustion in the furnace 9 is the combustion of coal gas. Therefore, the content of carbon particles and dust in the boiler exhaust smoke is very small, basically solving the problem. The problem of black smoke from the boiler has greatly reduced the air pollution caused by the exhaust smoke of conventional boilers. The water-cooled fire grate 3 links to each other with the pot shell 16 through the connecting pipe 15, so when the water-cooled fire grate cannot be used due to fouling in the pipe, it can be conveniently replaced as long as the connecting pipes on both sides are unloaded.

Claims (4)

1. A small-sized anti-burning coal gasification boiler, including: coal inlet [1], adiabatic furnace wall [13], slag discharge chamber [7], replaceable water-cooled grate [3], water-cooled grate header [ 8], secondary tuyere [4], furnace [9], convection heating surface [10], exhaust pipe [12], boiler shell [16] and necessary accessories of the boiler; The secondary combustion chamber [6] and the coal gasification chamber [2] above the slagging chamber [7], the coal gasification chamber [2] is arranged on the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber [6], and the coal gasification chamber [2] has Fan air outlet [14], one side of the secondary combustion chamber [6] is provided with an air outlet [5], the other side of the secondary combustion chamber is the furnace [9], and a slagging chamber [7] is arranged below, and the secondary gas is in The furnace [9] is fully burned, and a one-way convective heating surface [10] is arranged above the furnace [9] to exchange heat with the working medium water, and a smoke exhaust port [12] and a water outlet [11] are provided; The boiler shell [16] has a "U"-shaped structure, the coal inlet [1] is provided with a sealed furnace door, and one end of the water-cooled grate [3] is provided with a water inlet [17], and the water-cooled grate [3] is connected to The pipe [15] is connected with the boiler shell [16]. 2. The small-scale reverse-fired coal gasification boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, the gasification chamber [2] adopts a heat-insulated furnace wall structure and is forced to ventilate. 3. The small reverse-fired coal gasification boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply volume α of the air outlet [14] is controlled to be 0.8. 4. The small reverse-fired coal gasification boiler according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the water-cooled grate [3] of the boiler is detachable and connected with the boiler shell [16] by a connecting pipe.