CN2545352Y - Rotary guide for drilling - Google Patents
Rotary guide for drilling Download PDFInfo
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- CN2545352Y CN2545352Y CN 02214258 CN02214258U CN2545352Y CN 2545352 Y CN2545352 Y CN 2545352Y CN 02214258 CN02214258 CN 02214258 CN 02214258 U CN02214258 U CN 02214258U CN 2545352 Y CN2545352 Y CN 2545352Y
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Abstract
The utility model provides a rotary guide of a drilling well, belongs to the special device of the deflecting of a well hole and a directional drilling, solves the know disadvantage of the slid- steering drilling technique and mainly consists of an upper shell, a lower shell, an eccentric rotational body, a cam control gear, a pressure balance piston, a pressure signal forming mechanism and a central oil bathing low pressure sealing system. The upper and the lower shell are connected as a whole, the eccentric rotational body is mounted at the connecting part of the shells, the central oil bathing low pressure sealing system is arranged in the inner cavity of the shell, the cam control gear, the pressure balance piston and the pressure signal forming mechanism are arranged under the eccentric rotational body. The utility model has a compact structure, a convenient operation and a reliable work, needs no complicated and expensive stabilized platform, electronic servo mechanism, hydraulic system and underground microcomputer and reduces the cost by more than 90 percent. In addition, the utility model, precisely, continuously controlling the trajectory of the well all around and achieving a near-bit deflection testing, can be used for an extended reach drilling, a directional well, a horizontal well, a vertical drilling in an easily deviated stratum and a ultrathin oil reservoir drilling.
Description
(1) technical field
The utility model relates to directed drilling, deflecting the boring special implement, particularly is a kind of drilling well rotary steering device.
(2) background technology
Though the slide-and-guide drilling technology is still in widespread usage, but owing to there are many known and insoluble problems, some foreign oil companies have dropped into the more advanced rotary steerable drilling system of substantial contribution and personnel development, and the new product application of going into operation just in succession.For example, the shaft bottom of PHILIPS company rotation closed-loop control tapered stabilizer Tracks system; The remote control tapered stabilizer AGS of U.S. sperry-sun company.All in extended horizontal well construction, played good effect, but can only carry out bidimensional control to track, can only control hole deviation because of the reducing systems stabilisation, can not the control azimuth, so it does not have " guiding " ability.Again for example, the downhole closed loop rotary steerable drilling system RCLS of the band geosteering of BakerHughesINTEQ company belongs to the state type rotary steerable drilling system; The rotary steerable drilling system SRD of Britain Camco company belongs to the adjustable type rotary steerable drilling system; The rotation-controllable drilling system of the sliding sleeve rotation steerable drilling system (patent No. 99127768.6) of Britain Schlumberger Holding Ltd., hydraulic pressure department clothes loop rotation steerable drilling system (patent No. 00104162.2), control automatically and method (patent No. 99127889.5) etc. have realized three-dimensional control.The domestic rudder plate formula bit guide of succeeding in developing (patent No. 96211800.1), eccentric stabilizer drilling guidance instrument (patent No. 91210649), hole trajectory control device (patent No. 96226289.6) etc.What have can be used for directed and adjust the orientation, but can not the continuous control track, all can only be the blank of China's rotary steerable drilling technical development.No matter abroad or domestic shaft bottom closed-loop control rotary steering system, complex structure, advanced technology, expensive corollary equipments such as stabilized platform, electron servo mechanism, oil hydraulic system and down-hole micro computer all will be arranged, can only be used for big displacement extended reach well and highly difficult three-dimensional multi target well at present, and tool-face can only be in certain angle scope inner control; Also owing to be subjected to drilling condition influences such as bit bouncing, stick-slip vibration, the shaft bottom direction vector can not accurately be controlled, and the smooth trajectory degree is poor, and a large amount of directional wells, horizontal well can not be used; Also, can not be directly used in from the straight well section to begin directional inclination, can only be used for the control (fine setting) of big gradient steady tilted section track because of general build angle rate is all lower.
(3) summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of drilling well rotary steering device, make its designs simplification, cost reduces, the scope of application is wider, convenient maintenance, can be supporting with existing drilling measuring system (MWD), promptly can the good ground remote control rotary steerable drilling system (RNDS) of component property.
The technical scheme that solves the problems of the technologies described above employing is:
Drilling well forms mechanism with the rotary steering device by upper shell, lower house, rotating eccentricity body, cam control gear, pressure balance piston, pressure signal and center oil bath low pressure seal system forms.It is characterized in that upper and lower casing adopts API to be threaded and is integral, the rotating eccentricity body places the outside of its junction.The inner chamber that center oil bath low pressure seal system places upper and lower casing to constitute.Cam control gear places the inner chamber middle part, and below the rotating eccentricity body.The pressure balance piston is enclosed within on the central tube below cam control gear, and can move along central tube is upper and lower, to regulate internal and external pressure balance.Pressure signal forms mechanism and places the inner chamber bottom, and below the pressure balance piston, its orifice plate is contained in central tube lower end inner chamber, and its mushroom head is contained in lower house lower end inner chamber.The rotating eccentricity body is made up of shell, lock pin, ramp body, lower inclined plane body, pawl and group arm.Its shell upper/lower terminal is contained on the upper and lower casing respectively by bearing; Its ramp body and lock pin all place the top of upper and lower casing junction, and its lock pin radially is installed in the bottom of upper shell; Two pawls of each lower inclined plane body control, the two adopts dove-tail or T shape structure to connect, and all places the below of upper and lower casing junction, and its pawl radially is installed on the shell of rotating eccentricity body.Cam control gear is made up of cam, cam control pin and bearing.Its cam is fixed on the central tube; Its cam control pin radially is installed on the lower house; Its bearing has two, is installed in the upper/lower terminal of cam respectively.Center oil bath low pressure seal system is made up of central tube, return spring, spring base, upper piston, lower seal and upper and lower steady pin.Piston is loaded onto in the central tube upper end, reinstalls a spring and spring base below the upper piston, and spring base is fixed on the upper shell by steady pin; Sealing is loaded in the central tube lower end.Form toroidal cavity between central tube and the upper and lower casing, upper piston to be to be full of lubrication oil in the toroidal cavity more than the pressure balance piston, to its moving component bath lubrication and realize low pressure seal.
Above-mentioned drilling well is with the outer surface of outer cover of the rotating eccentricity body of rotary steering device 4 fins that are uniformly distributed along the circumference, and the fin of wherein adjacent two broads all radially is installed with pawl.
Above-mentioned drilling well is swallow-tail form or T shape structure with the pawl inner end of the rotating eccentricity body of rotary steering device.
Above-mentioned drilling well is an annular with the clinohedral of the rotating eccentricity body of rotary steering device, and its external surface is a taper seat, and two dovetail groove or T-slots that match with pawl are arranged, and two grooves are at a distance of 90 °.
Above-mentioned drilling well is the cylinder bodily form with the cam of the cam control gear of rotary steering device, and the axial groove and the oblique groove that interconnect are arranged on its external surface, and the shape of these grooves all matches with the shape that cam control is sold.
Above-mentioned drilling well is an annular with the orifice plate of the pressure signal formation mechanism of rotary steering device, and a center hole that matches with the mushroom head is arranged.
Above-mentioned drilling well is the cylinder bodily form with the mushroom head of the pressure signal formation mechanism of rotary steering device, and its upper end is conical, and the tip is a sphere, is fixed in lower house lower end inner chamber with lower contact.
The utility model is compared with the prior art, and major advantage is: overall structure is simplified rationally, and total length has only 3 meters, and is outer shell integrated, and compact conformation, intensity height, mounting or dismounting are conveniently; , sell as controlling organization as guiding executing agency with the rotating eccentricity body, use orifice plate and mushroom head, cooperate, formed a simple and practical and safe and reliable control system with the ground pressure instrumentation as pressure signal formation mechanism with cam and cam control; Firmly flatten the weighing apparatus piston and realize low pressure seal, overcome the high pressure sealing technical barrier, and make all moving components all lubricated in oil bath, stable action, long service life.The more important thing is no longer needs stabilized platform, electron servo mechanism, oil hydraulic system and down-hole micro computer corollary equipment and special measurement system, saves cost more than 90%.Can realize the instant operation fast of underground work state by the start and stop slush pump, can carry out continuously accurately control wellbore trajectory.Big displacement extended reach well be can be used for, mill resistance torsion problem and comprehensive TRAJECTORY CONTROL problem solved; Can be used for the easy tiltedly vertical drilling of layer; Can realize nearly drill bit directional survey; The horizontal drilling that can be used for ultra-thin oil reservoir; Also can be in highly difficult three-dimensional multi target well, directional well, horizontal well drilling wide popularization and application.
(4) description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is that overall structure of the present utility model is partly cutd open schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2 is A-A sectional schematic diagrams of Fig. 1.
Accompanying drawing 3 is enlarged diagrams of Fig. 1 cam 12.
Accompanying drawing 4 is Fig. 1 aperture plate and mushroom header structure schematic diagram.
In the accompanying drawing, the 1st, upper piston, the 2nd, upper shell, the 3rd, return spring, the 4th, spring base, the 5th, lock pin, the 6th, ramp body, the 7th, eccentric body shell, the 8th, central tube, the 9th, lower inclined plane body, the 10th, pawl, the 11st, cam control pin, the 12nd, cam, the 13rd, pressure balance piston, the 14th, lower house, the 15th, orifice plate, the 16th, mushroom head, the 17th, lower seal, the 18th, bearing, the 19th, dial arm, the 20th, lower contact sealing, the 21st, lower contact.
(5) specific embodiment
Embodiment of contrast description of drawings:
As shown in Figure 1, drilling well forms mechanism with the rotary steering device by upper shell 2, lower house 14, rotating eccentricity body, cam control gear, pressure balance piston 13, pressure signal and center oil bath low pressure seal system forms.Upper shell 2 and lower house 14 adopt API to be threaded and are integral, and the rotating eccentricity body places the outside of its junction.The inner chamber that center oil bath low pressure seal system places upper and lower casing to constitute.Cam control gear places the inner chamber middle part, and below the rotating eccentricity body.Pressure balance piston 13 is enclosed within on the central tube 8 below cam control gear, and can be along central tube 8 upper and lower moving.Pressure signal forms mechanism and places the inner chamber bottom, below pressure balance piston 13.As shown in Figure 4, its orifice plate 15 is contained in central tube 8 lower end inner chambers, and its mushroom 16 is contained in the lower end inner chamber of lower house 14.By Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as seen, the rotating eccentricity body is by shell 7, lock pin 5, ramp body 6, lower inclined plane body 9, pawl 10 with dial arm 19 and form.Its shell 7 upper/lower terminals are contained on the upper and lower casing respectively by bearing; Its ramp body 6 and lock pin 5 all place the top of upper and lower casing junction, and its lock pin 5 radially is installed in the bottom of upper shell 2; Two pawls 10 of each lower inclined plane body 9 control, the two adopts dove-tail or T shape structure to connect, and all places the below of upper and lower casing junction, and its pawl 10 radially is installed on the shell 7 of rotating eccentricity body.By Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 as seen, cam control gear is made up of cam 12, cam control pin 11 and bearing 18.Its cam 12 is fixed on the central tube 8; Its cam control pin 11 radially is installed on the lower house 14; Its bearing 18 has two, is installed in the upper/lower terminal of cam 12 respectively.As seen from Figure 1, center oil bath low pressure seal system is made up of central tube 8, return spring 3, spring base 4, upper piston 1, lower seal 17 and upper and lower steady pin.Piston 1 is loaded onto in central tube 8 upper ends, and upper piston reinstalls a spring 3 and spring base 4 below 1, and spring base 4 is fixed on the upper shell 2 by steady pin; Sealing 17 is loaded in central tube 8 lower ends.Form toroidal cavity between central tube 8 and the upper and lower casing 2,14, upper piston 1 is to be full of lubrication oil in the toroidal cavity B of pressure balance piston more than 13, to its moving component bath lubrication.Because the C chamber communicates with outer ring cavity by the D hole, external and internal pressure is identical, and piston 13 upper and lower moving can be regulated B cavity pressure and C chamber balance automatically, thereby realize low pressure seal, and G is the drilling fluid high pressure chest.
By Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as seen, the external surface of rotating eccentricity body case 74 fins that are uniformly distributed along the circumference all radially are installed with pawl 10 on the fin of wherein adjacent two broads, and pawl 10 inner ends are swallow-tail form.Its clinohedral 9 is an annular, and its external surface is a taper seat, and two dovetail grooves that match with pawl 10 are arranged, and two grooves are at a distance of 90 °.
By Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 as seen, the cam 12 of cam control gear is the cylinder bodily form, and the axial groove E and the valley gutter F that interconnect are arranged on its external surface, and the shape of groove E and F all matches with the shape of cam control pin 11.
By Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 as seen, the orifice plate 15 that pressure signal forms mechanism be an annular, has and 16 center hole that match of pestering.Mushroom 16 be the cylinder bodily form, and its upper end is a taper shape, and the tip is a sphere, is fixed in lower house 14 lower end inner chambers with lower contact 21 and seal 20.
The use operating process of this guider is: turn on pump circulating fluid for the first time, because this guider central tube 8 inner chambers are than the pressure height of outer ring cavity, central tube 8 drive group arms 19 and clinohedral 6,9 are moved down, pawl 10 outwards stretches, and return spring 3 makes central tube 8 return that moves up again during termination of pumping.Through turn on pump and termination of pumping once more, and under the control of cam mechanism 11,12, pawl 10 has two kinds of duties under the recurrent state of drilling fluid, first kind of duty, pawl 10 flushes (as shown in Figure 2) with the fin of shell 7, second kind of duty pawl 10 outside full extension (as shown in Figure 1).When the outside full extension of pawl 10, cam control pin 11 axial groove E place in Fig. 3, orifice plate 15 among Fig. 4 is in extreme lower position, its center hole is pestered 16 to block, the ground standpipe pressure increases by the pressure of 1.035～1.725MPa, by this pressure signal, can understand the duty of pawl 10 on the ground immediately.When pawl 10 flushes with the fin of shell 7 (first kind of duty), cam control pin 11 oblique slot F place in Fig. 3, ramp body 6 outwards stretches lock pin 5, shell 7 and central tube 8 are locked into one, can rotate simultaneously or stall, at this moment this guider becomes common stabilizer, and whole system is rotated the hold angle structure exactly, this moment also just ground control the state (orientation) of this guider tool-face position by drilling tool.When pawl 10 outside full extension (second kind of duty), ramp body 6 is descending, lock pin 5 shrinks back, shell 7 is separated from central tube 8, at this moment the pawl 10 that just is extended of shell 7 is supported on and staticly on the borehole wall does not rotate, but it can with creeping into of drill bit descending and along the borehole wall to lower slider.Because the lateral thrust effect of wobbler action and pawl 10.Make the drill bit of its below produce lateral force and drift angle, thereby make well track change direction the borehole wall.By drilling measuring system (MWD) data signals transmitted, carry out surface orientation control and track is calculated and predicts, under situation about not making a trip, can play the effect of hold angle, increasing hole angle, drop angle and adjustment direction of deflection, thereby realize the rotary steering purpose.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of drilling well rotary steering device, by upper shell (2), lower house (14), the rotating eccentricity body, cam control gear, pressure balance piston (13), pressure signal forms mechanism and center oil bath low pressure seal system forms, it is characterized in that, lower house (2) and (14) are adopted API to be threaded and are integral, the rotating eccentricity body places the outside of its junction, center oil bath low pressure seal system places, in the inner chamber that lower house (2) and (14) constitute, cam control gear places the inner chamber middle part, and below the rotating eccentricity body, pressure balance piston (13) is below cam control gear, be enclosed within on the central tube (8), and can be along on the central tube (8), move down, pressure signal forms mechanism and places the inner chamber bottom, below in pressure balance piston (13), its orifice plate (15) is contained in central tube (8) lower end inner chamber, its mushroom head (16) is contained in lower house (14) lower end inner chamber, the rotating eccentricity body is by shell (7), lock pin (5), ramp body (6), lower inclined plane body (9), pawl (10) and group arm (19) are formed, on its shell (7), following two ends are contained in respectively by bearing, lower house (2), (14) on, its ramp body (6) and lock pin (5) all place, the top of lower house junction, its lock pin (5) radially is installed in the bottom of upper shell (2), each lower inclined plane body (9) control two pawl (10), the two adopts dove-tail or T shape structure to connect, all place, the below of lower house junction, its pawl (10) radially is installed on the shell (7) of rotating eccentricity body, cam control gear is by cam (12), cam control pin (11) and bearing (18) are formed, its cam (12) is fixed on the central tube (8), its cam control pin (11) radially is installed on the lower house (14), its bearing (18) has two, be installed in respectively cam (12) on, following two ends, center oil bath low pressure seal system is by central tube phase (8), return spring (3), spring base (4), upper piston (1), lower seal (17) and last, following steady pin is formed, piston (1) is loaded onto in central tube (8) upper end, reinstall a spring (3) and spring base (4) below the upper piston (1), spring base (4) is fixed on the upper shell (2) by steady pin, sealing (17) is loaded in central tube (8) lower end, central tube (8) is with last, lower house (2), (14) form toroidal cavity between, upper piston (1) is to be full of lubrication oil in the toroidal cavity (B) more than the pressure balance piston (13).
2. drilling well rotary steering device according to claim 1, shell (7) external surface that it is characterized in that the rotating eccentricity body 4 fins that are uniformly distributed along the circumference all radially are installed with pawl (10) on the fin of wherein adjacent two broads.
3. drilling well rotary steering device according to claim 1, pawl (10) inner end that it is characterized in that the rotating eccentricity body is swallow-tail form or T shape structure.
4. drilling well rotary steering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the clinohedral (9) of rotating eccentricity body is annular, and its external surface is a taper seat, and two dovetail grooves that match with pawl (10) are arranged, and two grooves are at a distance of 90 °.
5. drilling well rotary steering device according to claim 1, the cam (12) that it is characterized in that cam control gear is the cylinder bodily form, the axial groove (E) and the oblique groove (F) that interconnect are arranged on its external surface, and groove (E) and shape (F) are all controlled the shape of selling (11) with cam and are matched.
6. drilling well rotary steering device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the orifice plate (15) of pressure signal formation mechanism is an annular, and the center hole that matches with mushroom head (16) is arranged.
7. drilling well rotary steering device according to claim 1, the mushroom head (16) that it is characterized in that pressure signal formation mechanism is the cylinder bodily form, its upper end is conical, and the tip is a sphere, is fixed in lower house (14) lower end inner chamber with lower contact (21) and seal (20).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02214258 CN2545352Y (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2002-04-19 | Rotary guide for drilling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02214258 CN2545352Y (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2002-04-19 | Rotary guide for drilling |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2545352Y true CN2545352Y (en) | 2003-04-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02214258 Expired - Fee Related CN2545352Y (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2002-04-19 | Rotary guide for drilling |
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| CN (1) | CN2545352Y (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1737327B (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2010-09-29 | 日长石有限公司 | Rotating pressure control device |
| CN102425375A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-04-25 | 武汉武船机电设备有限责任公司 | Deflection device |
| CN101037927B (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2012-07-04 | 倪红坚 | Rotary pushing type guiding drilling tool |
| CN102733756A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2012-10-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Vibration and pressure well drilling tool |
| CN103072131A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-05-01 | 重庆工商职业学院 | Deep hole machining manipulator |
| CN101772614B (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2013-08-14 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | Rotary steerable drilling system |
| CN105333156A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-17 | 西安石油大学 | Combined sealing structure with pressure compensation |
| CN105525875A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Rotary steering well drilling device |
| CN106437514A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-22 | 裴绪建 | Tool surface stabilizer |
| CN107429541A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2017-12-01 | 哈利伯顿能源服务公司 | Directional drilling equipment with alignment housing bore |
| CN108278083A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-13 | 西南石油大学 | The downhole tool of automatic vertical drilling is realized using cam four-bar mechanism |
| CN108612479A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-02 | 裴绪建 | A kind of mechanical guide control device |
| CN110725649A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-01-24 | 长江大学 | Push-leaning type rotary guiding tool |
| CN117823116A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-04-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale gas horizontal well bedding drilling geosteering method |
-
2002
- 2002-04-19 CN CN 02214258 patent/CN2545352Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1737327B (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2010-09-29 | 日长石有限公司 | Rotating pressure control device |
| CN101037927B (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2012-07-04 | 倪红坚 | Rotary pushing type guiding drilling tool |
| CN101772614B (en) * | 2007-06-26 | 2013-08-14 | 普拉德研究及开发股份有限公司 | Rotary steerable drilling system |
| CN102425375A (en) * | 2011-10-09 | 2012-04-25 | 武汉武船机电设备有限责任公司 | Deflection device |
| CN102733756A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2012-10-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Vibration and pressure well drilling tool |
| CN102733756B (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2014-04-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Vibration and pressure well drilling tool |
| CN103072131A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-05-01 | 重庆工商职业学院 | Deep hole machining manipulator |
| CN105525875A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Rotary steering well drilling device |
| CN107429541A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2017-12-01 | 哈利伯顿能源服务公司 | Directional drilling equipment with alignment housing bore |
| CN107429541B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2019-11-29 | 哈利伯顿能源服务公司 | Directional drilling equipment with alignment housing bore |
| CN105333156A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-17 | 西安石油大学 | Combined sealing structure with pressure compensation |
| CN106437514A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-22 | 裴绪建 | Tool surface stabilizer |
| CN106437514B (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-03-29 | 裴绪建 | A kind of tool-face stabilizer |
| CN108278083A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-13 | 西南石油大学 | The downhole tool of automatic vertical drilling is realized using cam four-bar mechanism |
| CN108278083B (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2023-08-01 | 西南石油大学 | Downhole tool for realizing automatic vertical drilling by utilizing cam four-bar mechanism |
| CN108612479A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-02 | 裴绪建 | A kind of mechanical guide control device |
| CN110725649A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-01-24 | 长江大学 | Push-leaning type rotary guiding tool |
| CN117823116A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-04-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shale gas horizontal well bedding drilling geosteering method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |