CN2308929Y - Analog ophthalmology teaching instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a simulating ophthalmology teaching instrument which comprises an outer barrel, a supporting seat, a trial mirror rack, a simulating cornea, an iris diaphragm (pupil), a ball lens group and a retina picture. A post lens group rack card for simulating an eye astigmatism defect shape is arranged in front of the simulating cornea. An inner barrel for enchasing the retina picture is arranged inside the barrel cavity of the outer barrel in a sliding fit mode. A gear rack is enchased on the outside barrel wall of the bottom of the inner barrel. The gear rack is engaged with a gear, and can cause the retina picture to move relative to the ball lens group to form different diopters. Different retina picture groups are also inserted inside the barrel cavity of the outer barrel to form the observing teaching instrument of eyeground disease. The simulating ophthalmology teaching instrument has the advantages of small volume, sensitive action and simple operation, and is a more ideal ophthalmology optometry teaching tool.

Description

Imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance

The utility model relates to the improvement of medical instrument, especially a kind of imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, and it belongs to optometry of medical science ophthalmology and illness in eye teaching practice Instrument technology field.

In ophthalmology medical science and glasses optometry specialty, cultivate the student and grasp the illness in eye inspection method, to the identification of some illness in eye, or cultivate the student and grasp objective optometry technical ability and self-authentication technology, all can only be undertaken by the clinical practice that the patient is directly checked.So give teaching or clinically cause many troubles: the beginner is because of main points and the technical method of not mastering a skill, and its practice supervision time is long, this to the patient cause because of illumination cross strong with misery.Yet often there is no typical illness patient's situation again in actual conditions, and this makes troubles to teaching.When begining to learn the optometry technology, during to astigmatic patient's inspection shadow, will often occur because lack of skill is long observing time to patient's eyes, thereby bring many miseries to the patient, often cause the excessive error of patient's correction of refractive errors error.Especially examine the checking of shadow accuracy, do not have objective validation criteria especially.Have a kind of dioptric system of being initiated by HelmholtyzShi with complicated in the human eye to be simplified to model, constitute the membranous type eye, it stipulates a series of optical constants.This is in teaching and played certain effect clinically.But this reduced eye optical constant is fixed, and to improving student's funduscopy technology on top of, diagnoses and to differentiate that common eyeground illness helps little, and is also meaningless to improving the optometry technology.

The purpose of this utility model is that a kind of ophthalmology department teaching instrument---imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance will be provided.This instrument can be cultivated the student and grasp the funduscopy method,, identification diagnosis ability insighted not to some eyeground illness.This instrument can also improve glasses and test the aglycon amount, improves optometry personnel's optometry technical capability, fundamentally solves the big problem of correction of refractive errors error.This instruments design must be small and exquisite, and is simple to operate, and it is high that precision is wanted, and the refractive media actual conditions that are more suitable for, close to human eye have at random and regulate, and change the function of element.

Task of the present utility model has following technical scheme to realize, developed a kind of imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, it comprises: urceolus, the bearing that the lifting of supporting urceolus is tilted, be fixed on the examination border frame of front, urceolus termination, be embedded in plastic cement analog cornea, the analog variable light hurdle of iris, lenticular simulation spherical lens group and retina simulation drawing photo in the outer cylinder front end tube successively, urceolus port between trial frame and this cornea is provided with the cylindrical lens group frame card of simulated eye astigmatism defect type, and the residing urceolus end barrel of this card is provided with the inserted sheet Tiaokou of band shading strip of paper used for sealing; Sliding fit is provided with the inner core that is inlaid with retina simulation drawing photo in the postmedian tube chamber of urceolus, be inlaid with one section tooth bar that is parallel to the tube axle on this inner core bottom outside barrel, this tooth bar is engaged on the gear, and control it by this gear and in the urceolus chamber, slide together with inner core, this gear passes the urceolus barrel and is fixed on the outer drum outer wall by axle block, also be fixed with handwheel on the wheel shaft of this gear, this handwheel is provided with diopter ± D scale value, wherein the meshing point of the gearing mesh tooth bar of OD scale is the mid point of this tooth bar, is provided with emmetropic retina simulation drawing photo in the inner core chamber of this midpoint.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, described urceolus, its top barrel is provided with the form of visual inner core position, be provided with ± the mm rule corresponding to this window inner core top outer wall, wherein the 0mm place promptly is the mid point of tooth bar, also is the residing location point of emmetropic retina simulation drawing photo.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, described urceolus, wherein, in the rear barrel chamber, also but sliding fit is provided with serial view mould defective pathology simulation drawing photo group, this image sheet group is arranged in order and is stored in the urceolus postmedian tube chamber, and all location point of compression spring pushing tow that is provided with by outer tube rear end to the retina simulation drawing photo at urceolus middle part, on the urceolus barrel at this location point place, be provided with band shading strip of paper used for sealing before take out, the inserted sheet Tiaokou, also be provided with on the tube rear end barrel outside band shading strip of paper used for sealing after take out, the inserted sheet Tiaokou.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, described plastic cement analog cornea, its radius-of-curvature is at 80-90mm.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, the analog variable light hurdle of described iris, its imitation pupil bore is at 1-10mm.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, described lenticular simulation spherical lens group, it is combined by convex lens and concavees lens, and has eliminated the spherical lens group of spherical aberration, aberration, aberration, and its diopter range of choice is at 15-60D.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, described spherical lens group, its optimal selection diopter is 22.38D, and its coking distance is 42.43mm, and promptly retina simulation drawing photo is 42.45mm at a distance of the distance of this spherical lens group.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, described spherical lens group, the pairing inner core sliding distance of its optimal selection diopter: 22.38D and coking distance: 42.43mm thereof is at 1-85mm, be that tooth bar range on the inner core also is: 1-85mm, this range with diopter ± corresponding ratio of D scale value is: ± 0.5mm/ ± 0.25D-± 40.00mm/ ± 20.00D, be that inner core whenever moves ± 0.50mm, then have ± diopter of 0.25D changes.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, the cylindrical lens group of described simulated eye astigmatism defect type, its scope of choosing cylindrical lens is in ± 0.25-± 8.00D.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, described serial retina defective pathology simulation drawing photo group, it can be arranged in the urceolus film magazine in addition, all tow sides of this sheet group are set up different retina defective pathological images, on all outer rim, be provided with handle, can before band shading strip of paper used for sealing, take out, insert the inserted sheet Tiaokou, suction, go out in the urceolus tube chamber, be formed in the observation place point of urceolus middle part retina simulation drawing photo for every.

Imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance of the present utility model, its advantage is: owing to cylindrical lens group frame card is set in analog cornea the place ahead, the range of choice of its cylindrical lens between ± 0.25-± 8.00D, just can cause simulation ± deficiency of the simulation human eye astigmatism of any astigmatism between 0.25-± 8.00D.So just can make and begin to learn optometry person a certain astigmatism (dioptric) degree is had a perceptual knowledge, and then this astigmatism (dioptric) degree is corrected.Because this cylindrical lens group frame card can cause astigmatism (dioptric) degree of multiple variation, thereby can make and begin to learn optometry person and use this instrument to carry out the simple and flexible operation, on trial frame this astigmatism (dioptric) degree be corrected, its data utilization is correct.This instrument simulation human eye's various data are as analog cornea: consistent with people's physiology of eye curvature; Simulation bendable light hurdle: slidably adjusting handle makes imitation pupil, sets arbitrarily between 1-10mm, and then causes retinoscopy optometry under the 3mm microcoria, also can cause 8mm astigmatism pupil check optometry; Simulation spherical lens group; Can make external light focus on view mould simulation drawing photo, the diopter of setting the spherical lens group is 22.38D, and its coking distance is 42.43mm.These data are extremely near actual conditions, thereby have to supply can not see and grasp optometry technical ability under real patient's situation, improve the optometry quality.Because having designed inner/outer tube is slided relatively by gear-rack system operation, just can cause+the long sight degree of 0.25-+20.00D that (inner core is to moving 0.5-40.00mm near simulation spherical lens group, be emmetropic retina simulation drawing photo reach 0.5-40mm) or cause-the near-sighted degree (inner core moves 0.5-40mm to moving 0.5-40.00mm away from simulation spherical lens group behind the promptly emmetropic retina graphoid photo) of 0.25-20.00D; Can also add again and join in the cylindrical lens group insertion cylindrical lens group frame card, cause the deficiency diopter of long sight+astigmatism or myopia+astigmatism etc.The refraction of eye deficiency of these deficiencies, can make the beginner from recognizing identification, can utilize trial frame inserting eyeglass again, with inspection shadow inspection technique the ametropic diopter of any deficiency of setting (causing) is corrected neutralization, mirror technical ability is joined in optometry with the training student, and can verify voluntarily that inspection influences the order of accuarcy of inspection technique optometry.

Imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance of the present utility model, owing to the serial retina defective illness simulation drawing photo group that sliding fit moves is set at the urceolus postmedian that is provided with the simulated eye refractive media, so just can be at the image sheet of the various common eyeground of this instrument up conversion illness, again with reference to the comment of attached eyeground illness image sheet, give the beginner eyeground illness example with reality.The beginner can observe the eyeground illness under big pupil or microcoria that the iris of regulating imitation pupil forms, the technical ability on training beginner's inspection eyeground can be exempted with the patient and be done the misery that practice brings to the patient.Through repetition training, can improve the main points of beginner's the more eyeground of understanding, antidiastole illness.This instrument volume is little, and is simple in structure, can make the practitioner's recognition and optometry of Applied Learning eyeground illness whenever and wherever possible check technical ability at any time and any place.

Embodiment of the present utility model further specifies as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is imitation ophthalmology department practice instrument optometry functional structure cut-open view.

Fig. 2 overlooks for imitation ophthalmology department practice instrument optometry functional structure and partly cuts open figure.

Fig. 3 is imitation ophthalmology department practice instrument eyeground functional structure vertical view.

Be developed into imitation ophthalmology department practice instrument, it comprises: urceolus 1, by frame hinge 4 and lifting knob 3, Support the bearing 2 that urceolus 1 lifting is tilted, be fixed on the trial frame 5 of front, urceolus 1 termination, before urceolus 1 Be inlaid with successively in the end tube: plastic cement analog cornea 6, the analog variable light hurdle 7 of iris, lenticular simulation ball Lens set 11 and retina simulation drawing photo 12. Urceolus 1 port between trial frame 5 and this cornea 6 The place is provided with the cylindrical lens group frame card 10 of simulated eye astigmatism defect type, and this blocks 10 residing urceolus 1 end barrels Be provided with the inserted sheet Tiaokou 9 with the shading strip of paper used for sealing. Sliding fit is provided with to be inlaid with and looks in the postmedian tube chamber of urceolus 1 The inner core 14 of nethike embrane simulation drawing photo 12 is inlaid with one section on these inner core 14 bottom outside barrels and is parallel to The tooth bar 15 of tube axle, this tooth bar 15 is engaged on the gear 16, and controls it together with interior by this gear 16 Tube 14 slides in urceolus 1 chamber together. This gear 16 passes urceolus 1 barrel and solid by axle block 17 Fix on urceolus 1 outer wall. Also be fixed with handwheel 19 on this gear 16 and the wheel shaft 18, on this handwheel 19 Also be provided with diopter ± D scale value, wherein the meshing point of gear 16 pinion racks 15 of OD scale is exactly The mid point of this tooth bar 15 is provided with emmetropic retina simulation drawing photo 1 in inner core 14 chambeies of this midpoint 2. Referring to Fig. 2, this urceolus 1 top barrel is provided with the form 13 of visual inner core 14 positions, corresponding to Establish ± the mm rule on these window 13 inner cores 14 top outer walls, its precision is for being accurate to 0.5mm, Wherein the 0mm place is the mid point of tooth bar 15, also is that emmetropic retina simulation drawing photo 12 is residing Location point. Referring to Fig. 3, but in the postmedian tube chamber of this urceolus 1 also sliding fit be provided with serial retina defective disease Reason simulation drawing photo group 12 '. Kind of a picture sheet is arranged in order storage surplus this image sheet group 12 ' can have 50 In urceolus 1 postmedian tube chamber, and all of Compress Spring 22 pushing tow that arranged by urceolus 1 rear end are to urceolus 1 The location point of the retina simulation drawing photo 12 at middle part. Urceolus 1 barrel at this location point place is provided with band and hides Take out before the light strip of paper used for sealing, inserted sheet Tiaokou 20. After also being provided with the shading strip of paper used for sealing on the urceolus 1 rear end barrel, take out, Inserted sheet Tiaokou 21.

The radius of curvature R of the selected perspex optical analog of this imitation ophthalmology department practice instrument cornea 6 is 87m M. The iris with little joystick knob 8 that analog variable light hurdle 7 selects video camera to use. Simulation spherical lens group 11 optimal selection is diopter 22: 38D, and itself or focal length height are 42: 43mm. 11 correspondences of this sheet group Require the sliding distance of inner core 14 at 0-85mm, namely tooth bar 15 ranges on the inner core 14 are: 0-85mm. This range with diopter ± corresponding example of D scale value is: ± 0.50mm/ ± 0.25D-± 40.00mm/ ± 20.00D. Just when inner core 14 every movements ± 0.50mm, for spherical lens group 11 relative views 12 of membrane simulation image sheets have ± and the diopter of 0.25D changes. Corresponding to form 13 findings on the urceolus 1 On inner core 14 outside wall surface ± the mm rule also with handwheel 19 on diopter ± the D scale value is corresponding, its Respective value is: 1.00mm is equivalent to diopter 0.50D.

In a word, this imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance moves to reach the change mould as long as rotate handwheel 19 adjusting inner cores 14 The diopter of intending spherical lens group 11 changes, again as long as plug ± 0.25-at simulation cylindrical lens group frame card 10 8.00D between required cylindrical lens 10 ', and make cylindrical lens 10 ' optical axis and the optical axis number that sets Value matches and gets final product, and composite construction becomes: simple myopia, and simple hypermetropia, simple myopic astigmatism, simple hypermetropia looses Light, compound myopic astigmatism, the ametropic defective of any simulation of compound hyperopic astigmatism and mixed astigmatism Type eye symptom attitude, thus can make the beginner carry out the mock survey training with this instrument, improve the optometry level of skill, But and the self-authentication degree of accuracy. This instrument is wanted the adapted lens box for optometry, the ophthalmology facility that ophthalmology skiascope etc. are indispensable, Jointly finish the ophthalmology department teaching task.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance specifically uses enforcement as follows in use:

Example 1: farsightedness optometry training example.

At first set the diopter+3.75D of a long sight, as long as at the handwheel 19 of this instrument to clockwise rotating+the 3.75D scale value, can be observed+7.50mm scale value on the form 13 this moment, be inner core 14 to having moved+7.50mm near simulation spherical lens group 11 directions, at this moment+the ametropia deficiency setting of long sight of 3.75D finishes.The beginner can carry out optometry to this ametropia deficiency: use skiascope, manual littler joystick knob 8 is regulated the pupil warp at 1mm or 8mm, and carrying out little pupil or mydriasis simulation inspection influences the optometry training.

Example 2: myopia+astigmatism training side

At first set the diopter of a myopia+astigmatism :-5.00DS-1.50DC * 90, as long as at the handwheel 19 of this instrument to rotating counterclockwise-the 5.00D scale value, look at the end 13 and can be observed-the 10.00mm scale value this moment, and promptly inner core 14 is to having moved-10.00mm away from simulation spherical lens group 11 directions; Again on simulation cylindrical lens group frame card 10 cylindrical lens 10 of insertions-1.5D ', and make this eyeglass 10 ' scribe head axle concordant with 90 ° on scale optical axis, i.e. setting finished-myopia+astigmatic ametropia deficiency state of 5.00D-1.50D * 90 °.Begin to learn and to carry out the optometry training to this ametropia defective.

This imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, make nearly 60 common birth defects according to clinical practice, the pathology simulation drawing photo 12 of the inflammatory of the eyeground pathological changes of hologathy and retina optic neuritis and traumatic fundus oculi disease ', take out before all image sheets 12 ' can be from the urceolus 1, insert in 1 chamber of urceolus in the inserted sheet Tiaokou 20, the observer can use the pupil position of skiascope Direct observation cornea 6 and iris 7, make light by spherical lens group 11 focus on retina simulation drawing photo group 12 ', can be under microcoria or mydriasis hole, directly ask under the matter situation with close actual dioptric, observe various retinopathy images, discerned various eyeground pathology in conjunction with subsidiary explanatory note again, to improve the diagnosis distinguishing ability.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance, it comprises: urceolus, the bearing that the lifting of supporting urceolus is tilted, be fixed on the trial frame of front, urceolus termination, be embedded in plastic cement analog cornea, the analog variable light hurdle of iris, lenticular simulation spherical lens group and retina simulation drawing photo in the outer cylinder front end tube successively, it is characterized in that: the urceolus port between trial frame and this cornea is provided with the cylindrical lens group frame card of simulated eye astigmatism defect type, and the residing urceolus end barrel of this card is provided with the inserted sheet Tiaokou of band shading strip of paper used for sealing; Sliding fit is provided with the inner core that is inlaid with retina simulation drawing photo in the postmedian tube chamber of urceolus, be inlaid with one section tooth bar that is parallel to the tube axle on this inner core bottom outside barrel, this tooth bar is engaged on the gear, and control it by this gear and in the urceolus chamber, slide together with inner core, this gear passes the urceolus barrel and is fixed on the outer drum outer wall by axle block, also be fixed with handwheel on the wheel shaft of this gear, this handwheel is provided with diopter ± D scale value, wherein the meshing point of the gearing mesh tooth bar of OD scale is the mid point of this tooth bar, is provided with emmetropic retina simulation drawing photo in the inner core chamber of this midpoint.

2, according to the described imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described urceolus, its top barrel is provided with the form of visual inner core position, be provided with ± the mm rule corresponding to this window inner core top outer wall, 0mm place wherein, promptly being the mid point of tooth bar, also is the residing location point of emmetropic retina simulation drawing photo.

3, according to the described imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described urceolus, wherein, in the rear barrel chamber, also but sliding fit is provided with serial view mould defective pathology simulation drawing photo group, this image sheet group is arranged in order and is stored in the urceolus postmedian tube chamber, and all location point of compression spring pushing tow that is provided with by outer tube rear end to the retina simulation drawing photo at urceolus middle part, on the urceolus barrel at this location point place, be provided with band shading strip of paper used for sealing before take out, the inserted sheet Tiaokou, also be provided with on the tube rear end barrel outside band shading strip of paper used for sealing after take out, the inserted sheet Tiaokou.

4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described imitation ophthalmology department mathematics instrument, it is characterized in that: described plastic cement analog cornea, its radius-of-curvature is at 80-90mm.

5, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described imitation ophthalmology department mathematics instrument, it is characterized in that: the analog variable light hurdle of described iris, its imitation pupil bore is at 1-10mm.

6, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliances, it is characterized in that: described lenticular simulation spherical lens group, it is combined by convex lens and concavees lens, and has eliminated the spherical lens group of spherical aberration, aberration, aberration, and its diopter range of choice is at 15-60D.

7, according to the described imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance of claim 6, it is characterized in that: described spherical lens group, its optimal selection diopter is 22.38D, and its coking distance is 42.43mm, and promptly retina simulation drawing photo is 42.43mm at a distance of the distance of this spherical lens group.

8, according to the described imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance of claim 7, it is characterized in that: described spherical lens group, the pairing inner core sliding distance of its optimal selection diopter: 22.38D and coking distance: 42.43mm thereof is at 1-85mm, be that tooth bar range on the inner core also is: 1-85mm, this range with diopter ± corresponding ratio of D scale value is: ± 0.5mm/ ± 0.25D-± 40.00mm/ ± 20.00D, be that inner core whenever moves ± 0.50mm, then have ± diopter of 0.25D changes.

9, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliances, it is characterized in that: the cylindrical lens group of described simulated eye astigmatism defect type, its scope of choosing cylindrical lens is in ± 0.25-± 8.00D.

10, according to the described imitation ophthalmology department teaching appliance of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described serial retina defective pathology simulation drawing photo group, it can be arranged in the urceolus film magazine in addition, all tow sides of this sheet group are set up different retina defective pathological images, on all outer rim, be provided with handle, can before band shading strip of paper used for sealing, take out, insert the inserted sheet Tiaokou, suction, go out in the urceolus tube chamber, be formed in the observation place point of urceolus middle part retina simulation drawing photo for every.