CN224121781U - Cooling system based on phase change microsphere is prevented frostbite and is energy-conserving - Google Patents
Cooling system based on phase change microsphere is prevented frostbite and is energy-conservingInfo
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- CN224121781U CN224121781U CN202520140838.4U CN202520140838U CN224121781U CN 224121781 U CN224121781 U CN 224121781U CN 202520140838 U CN202520140838 U CN 202520140838U CN 224121781 U CN224121781 U CN 224121781U
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
一种基于相变微胶球防冻节能的冷却系统，包括热端换热器、冷端换热器和工质循环系统；热端换热器为热端管壳式换热器或热端板式换热器；冷端换热器为空冷换热器，还可为闭式蒸发冷换热器；工质循环系统包括循环工质、工质循环泵、热工质管路和冷工质管路，循环工质包括基液和相变微胶球。循环工质在热端换热器吸热，通过工质循环泵驱动，经热工质管路流入冷端换热器放热，再经冷工质管路流回热端换热器吸热。在冬季时，采用含相变微胶球的循环工质可通过相变微胶球在其相变温度下凝固放热预防冷端换热器中局部工质温度过低而导致的其管束局部冻裂。进一步的还可包括相变微胶球蓄热系统和相变微胶球蓄冷系统，用于冷却系统的蓄热节能和蓄冷节能。
A cooling system based on phase change microspheres for antifreeze and energy saving includes a hot-end heat exchanger, a cold-end heat exchanger, and a working fluid circulation system. The hot-end heat exchanger is either a hot-end shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a hot-end plate heat exchanger. The cold-end heat exchanger is an air-cooled heat exchanger, or a closed-loop evaporative heat exchanger. The working fluid circulation system includes a circulating working fluid, a working fluid circulation pump, hot working fluid piping, and cold working fluid piping. The circulating working fluid includes a base liquid and phase change microspheres. The circulating working fluid absorbs heat in the hot-end heat exchanger, is driven by the working fluid circulation pump, flows through the hot working fluid piping into the cold-end heat exchanger to release heat, and then flows back to the hot-end heat exchanger to absorb heat through the cold working fluid piping. In winter, using a circulating working fluid containing phase change microspheres can prevent localized freezing and cracking of the tube bundle in the cold-end heat exchanger due to excessively low local working fluid temperature caused by the phase change microspheres solidifying and releasing heat at their phase change temperature. Further, it may include phase change microsphere heat storage systems and phase change microsphere cold storage systems for heat storage and cold storage energy saving in cooling systems.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of phase-change heat transfer efficiency improvement and indirect cooling operation, and particularly relates to an anti-freezing and energy-saving cooling system based on phase-change micro-glue balls.
Background
The indirect air cooling system is a common cold end system of the generator set, and is mainly used for cooling and condensing exhaust steam of a steam turbine and guaranteeing the stability of back pressure of the generator set. The indirect air cooling tower is used as a main component of the system, wherein an air cooling radiator in the tower is main heat exchange equipment, and under the severe cold condition in winter, the local freezing phenomenon caused by the excessively low water temperature easily occurs in the heat dissipation tube bundles, so that the heat dissipation tube bundles are seriously broken, and the safe and stable operation of the unit is seriously influenced.
In recent years, phase change materials are widely studied in the fields of construction, textile and the like due to excellent heat storage and cold accumulation performance, but are rarely applied to the thermoelectric industry, particularly an indirect cooling system.
The Chinese application number 202110383919.3 discloses an anti-freezing indirect air cooling system which comprises an indirect air cooling tower, a condenser, an anti-freezing liquid box, a steam turbine, an anti-freezing liquid adding port and a flow pump, wherein the bottom outlet of the indirect air cooling tower is communicated with the heat absorption side inlet of the condenser, the heat absorption side outlet of the condenser is communicated with the inlet of the anti-freezing liquid box, the outlet of the anti-freezing liquid box is communicated with the inlet of the indirect air cooling tower, the outlet of the steam turbine is communicated with the heat release side inlet of the condenser, the bottom of the anti-freezing liquid box is provided with an anti-freezing liquid discharging control port, the anti-freezing liquid adding port is communicated with the anti-freezing liquid box through the flow pump, the system prevents an indirect air cooling heat exchanger from freezing crack in extremely cold weather, and the operation safety of the indirect air cooling tower is improved. The antifreeze is used as a chemical reagent, has certain corrosion effect on equipment in the system, and needs to be added or replaced periodically over time, but the antifreeze is difficult to separate from mixed fluid after being added, and has certain influence on subsequent maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides an antifreezing measure based on phase-change microspheres, which effectively improves the temperature of a circulating working medium at a local supercooling position in a heat dissipation tube bundle of an air-cooled radiator, thereby realizing the aim of antifreezing in winter and having wide application value and obvious economic benefit in the thermoelectric industry.
The utility model provides a cooling system based on phase change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving, which is characterized in that the hot end heat exchanger is a hot end shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a hot end plate heat exchanger, the cold end heat exchanger is an air cooling heat exchanger and comprises a tower body and an air cooling radiator, the working medium circulating system comprises a circulating working medium, a working medium circulating pump, a hot working medium pipeline and a cold working medium pipeline, the circulating working medium comprises base liquid and phase change microsphere, the circulating working medium is driven by the working medium circulating pump, absorbs heat in the hot end heat exchanger, heats the phase change microsphere into the hot phase change microsphere, enters the cold end heat exchanger through the hot working medium pipeline to release heat, cools the phase change microsphere into the cold phase change microsphere, and returns to the hot end heat exchanger through the cold working medium pipeline to absorb heat.
The hot-end shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises a hot-end heat exchanger tube pass and a hot-end heat exchanger shell pass, wherein the hot-end heat exchanger tube pass is a heat transfer tube bundle formed by a plurality of round tubes with diameters of 12 mm-67 mm, the diameter of the round tubes is one or more of stainless steel, titanium alloy and brass, the hot-end heat exchanger shell pass is an annular space formed between a hot-end heat exchanger shell and the heat transfer tube bundle, heat sources circulate in the hot-end heat exchanger shell pass, the hot-end heat exchanger shell is made of one or more of carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel and clad steel plates, and the heat sources are water, steam, oil or other fluids capable of performing heat exchange.
The heat-end plate type heat exchanger comprises a heat transfer plate, a sealing gasket and a compressing device, wherein the heat transfer plate is of a type of a herringbone corrugated plate, a horizontal straight corrugated plate, a spherical corrugated plate, an inclined corrugated plate or a vertical corrugated plate, the plate is one or more of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, brass, monel alloy, nickel, molybdenum, titanium palladium alloy, fluoroplastic-graphite and the like, the sealing gasket is used for preventing leakage of fluid and internal leakage between two fluids, the sealing gasket is made of one or more of nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, fluororubber, chloroprene rubber, silicone rubber and asbestos fiber plate, and the compressing device comprises a compressing plate and a compressing bolt and is used for compressing the sealing gasket to generate enough sealing force and ensure that leakage does not occur during operation of the heat-end plate type heat exchanger.
The air cooling heat exchanger is a natural ventilation indirect air cooling tower, the tower body of the natural ventilation indirect air cooling tower is of a hyperbolic concrete structure, a conical steel structure or a hyperbolic steel structure, the air cooling radiator of the natural ventilation indirect air cooling tower is a triangular vertically arranged radiating pipe bundle or a triangular horizontally arranged radiating pipe bundle or a coil pipe bundle, and the value range of an included angle theta of the triangle is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.
The air cooling heat exchanger can also be a mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling tower, the tower body of the mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling tower is of a square steel structure or a hyperbolic steel structure with an axial flow fan, the air cooling radiator of the mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling tower is a triangular vertically arranged radiating pipe bundle or a triangular horizontally arranged radiating pipe bundle or a coil pipe bundle, and the value range of an included angle theta of the triangle is more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees.
The cold end heat exchanger can also be a closed evaporation cold heat exchanger, and comprises a tower body and a coil pipe type heat dissipation tube bundle, wherein the closed evaporation cold heat exchanger is a closed evaporation cooling tower, and the tower body of the closed evaporation cooling tower is of a square steel structure with an axial flow fan.
The base liquid is water, oil, antifreeze or other fluid capable of performing heat exchange, the base liquid can also comprise propanol or glycol solution, further, the base liquid can also comprise nano particles for enhancing heat conduction, the phase-change microsphere is of a core-shell structure and comprises a shell material and a phase-change core material, the diameter Dr of the phase-change microsphere is equal to or less than 0.1mm and equal to or less than 30mm, the shell material is a single-layer shell material, the material is one or more of CaCO3, siO2, cu2O, tiO, znO2, melamine resin, urea resin or other materials with certain strength and chemical stability, the shell material can also be a multi-layer shell material containing other high-hardness and high-heat-conductivity materials, the phase-change core material is one or more of water, n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, n-octadecane, n-eicosane, n-docecane, n-decanoic acid, lauric acid (n-dodecanoic acid), myristic acid, tetradecanol, cetyl alcohol, liClO3.3H2O, znCl.3H2O4.372.6H2, or other materials, or a phase-change material containing one or more of phase-change materials, and further comprises one or more of phase-change ceramic materials.
The working medium circulating pump is a centrifugal pump, an axial flow pump or a mixed flow pump and is arranged on a hot working medium pipeline or a cold working medium pipeline, wherein the upstream end of the hot working medium pipeline is connected with the hot end heat exchanger, the downstream end of the hot working medium pipeline is connected with the cold end heat exchanger, the upstream end of the cold working medium pipeline is connected with the cold end heat exchanger, and the downstream end of the cold working medium pipeline is connected with the hot end heat exchanger.
The thermal working medium circulation system comprises a thermal working medium circulation system, a thermal working medium circulation system and a thermal working medium circulation system, wherein the thermal working medium circulation system comprises a thermal working medium circulation system, a thermal working medium circulation system and a thermal working medium circulation system, the thermal working medium circulation system further comprises a phase-change microsphere heat storage system, the phase-change microsphere heat storage system comprises a heat storage microsphere separation device, a heat storage valve, a heat storage container, a heat storage conveying pump and a heat storage conveying valve, the heat storage microsphere separation device is provided with two modes which are a circulation mode and a separation mode respectively, the thermal phase-change microspheres in the circulation working medium can normally pass through the heat storage microsphere separation device in the circulation mode, the heat storage valve is used for controlling the separated thermal phase-change microspheres to pass through, the heat storage container is used for storing the thermal phase-change microspheres separated from the thermal working medium circulation system, and the heat storage conveying pump is used for conveying the thermal phase-change microspheres stored in the heat storage container back to the thermal working medium circulation system, and the heat storage conveying valve is used for controlling the on-off of the phase-change microspheres and preventing the circulation working medium from flowing backwards.
The cold working medium pipeline further comprises a phase-change microsphere cold storage system, the phase-change microsphere cold storage system comprises a cold storage microsphere separation device, a cold storage valve, a cold storage container, a cold storage conveying pump and a cold storage conveying valve, the cold storage microsphere separation device is provided with two modes, namely a circulation mode and a separation mode, cold phase-change microspheres in a circulating working medium can normally pass through the cold storage microsphere separation device in the circulation mode, the cold phase-change microspheres can be separated in the separation mode, the cold storage valve is used for controlling the separated phase-change microspheres to pass through, the cold storage container is used for storing the cold phase-change microspheres separated from the cold working medium pipeline, the cold storage conveying pump is used for conveying the cold phase-change microspheres stored in the cold storage container back to the cold working medium pipeline of the working medium circulating system, and the cold storage conveying valve is used for controlling the on-off of the phase-change microspheres and preventing the backflow of the circulating working medium.
The phase change microsphere heat storage system comprises a phase change microsphere heat storage system flow, a heat storage microsphere separation device, a heat storage conveying pump, a heat storage conveying valve, a heat storage working medium pipeline, a heat storage valve, a heat storage conveying pump and a heat storage conveying valve.
When the ambient temperature is low, the cold storage rubber ball separating device is opened in a separating mode, the cold storage valve is opened, the cold storage conveying pump and the cold storage conveying valve are closed, the cold phase change rubber balls in the cold working medium pipeline are separated and stored in the cold storage container for subsequent use, and after cold storage is completed, the cold storage rubber ball separating device is opened in a circulating mode, and the cold storage valve is closed; when the ambient temperature is higher, the cold accumulation conveying pump and the cold accumulation conveying valve are started, and the cold phase change microsphere stored in the cold accumulation container is sent back to the cold working medium pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the cooling system has the beneficial effects that the circulating working medium containing the phase-change micro-glue balls flows in the working medium circulating system, the phase-change micro-glue balls form the hot phase-change micro-glue balls in the hot end heat exchanger through phase-change heat absorption, internal heat is taken away, heat exchange efficiency is improved, the heat exchange efficiency is pressurized by the working medium circulating pump and then is sent into the heat dissipation tube bundle of the cold end heat exchanger along the hot working medium pipeline for phase-change heat release, and the cold phase-change micro-glue balls are formed, so that the temperature of the circulating working medium at the supercooling position is improved, the aim of freezing is fulfilled, the phase-change heat release returns to the hot end heat exchanger along the cold working medium pipeline after the phase-change heat release is finished, and the problem of local supercooling and icing of the heat dissipation tube bundle in winter is solved.
The cooling system further comprises a heat storage system and a cold storage system of the phase-change microsphere, heat exchange in a working medium circulation system is fully utilized, when the ambient temperature is high, the hot phase-change microsphere is stored and the original stored cold phase-change microsphere is released, the heat exchange efficiency of the cold end heat exchanger is increased, the working medium temperature of an outlet of the cold end heat exchanger is reduced, when the ambient temperature is low, the cold phase-change microsphere is stored and the original stored hot phase-change microsphere is released, particularly under the anti-freezing working condition in winter, the temperature of the circulation working medium at the supercooling position of a heat dissipation tube bundle rises more obviously along with the fact that more hot phase-change microsphere is put into the circulation system, and the cooling system can be further used for a photo-thermal air cooling system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a natural ventilation indirect air cooling system based on phase change microsphere freezing prevention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an anti-freezing and energy-saving natural ventilation indirect air cooling system based on phase-change microspheres.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an anti-freezing and energy-saving mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling system based on phase-change microspheres.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antifreezing energy-saving closed evaporative cooling system based on phase-change microspheres.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of circulation of a working fluid in a pipeline.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a phase change microsphere structure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a hot side heat exchanger with phase change microspheres flowing inside.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a heat sink bundle with phase change microspheres flowing inside.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an air-cooled radiator.
In the figure, a 1-hot end heat exchanger, a 2-cold end heat exchanger, a 3-hot working medium pipeline, a 4-cold working medium pipeline, a 5-working medium circulating pump, a 6-circulating working medium, a 7-phase change microsphere, an 8-heat storage system, a 9-cold storage system, a 10-heat storage rubber ball separating device, a 11-heat storage valve, a 12-heat storage container, a 13-heat storage delivery pump, a 14-heat storage delivery valve, a 15-cold storage rubber ball separating device, a 16-cold storage valve, a 17-cold storage container, a 18-cold storage delivery pump, a 19-cold storage delivery valve, a 20-air cooling radiator, a 21-phase change core material, a 22-shell material, a 23-hot end heat exchanger circulating working medium outlet, a 24-hot end heat exchanger circulating inlet, a 25-hot end heat exchanger tube side, a 26-hot end heat exchanger shell side, 27-fins, 28-shutter, a 29-heat dissipation tube bundle, a 30-up communication box, a 31-down communication box and a 32-coil heat dissipation tube bundle.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the utility model and structural, methodological, or functional modifications of these embodiments that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art are included within the scope of the utility model.
Embodiment 1 is a natural ventilation indirect air cooling system based on phase change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving.
The cooling system based on the phase-change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving comprises a hot end heat exchanger 1, a cold end heat exchanger 2 and a working medium circulating system, and is characterized in that the hot end heat exchanger 1 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and comprises a hot end heat exchanger tube side 25 and a hot end heat exchanger shell side 26, the cold end heat exchanger 2 is an air-cooled heat exchanger and comprises a tower body and an air-cooled radiator 20, the working medium circulating system comprises a circulating working medium 6, a working medium circulating pump 5, a hot working medium pipeline 3 and a cold working medium pipeline 4, and the circulating working medium 6 comprises base liquid and the phase-change microsphere 7.
The hot-end heat exchanger 1 is a condenser, the tube side 25 is a heat transfer tube bundle consisting of 5000 circular tubes with the diameter Dn=26 mm, the tubes are stainless steel, circulating water containing phase-change micro-glue balls circulates in the tube side 25, the hot-end heat exchanger shell side 26 is an annular space formed between the shell body of the hot-end heat exchanger 1 and the heat transfer tube bundle, the shell body of the hot-end heat exchanger 1 is made of low alloy steel, steam circulates in the hot-end heat exchanger shell side 26, the temperature of a hot-end heat exchanger circulating medium outlet 23 is 45 ℃, and the temperature of a hot-end heat exchanger circulating medium inlet 24 is 30 ℃.
The cold end heat exchanger 2 is a natural ventilation indirect air cooling tower, the heat dissipation tube bundle 29 is vertically arranged in a triangle shape, wherein an included angle theta of the triangle shape is 42 degrees, the upper end of the heat dissipation tube bundle 29 is connected with the upper communicating box 30, the lower end of the heat dissipation tube bundle 29 is connected with the lower communicating box 31, the shutter is formed by 120 galvanized steel blades, the working medium circulating pump 5 is an axial flow pump and is arranged on the hot working medium pipeline 3, and base liquid of the circulating working medium 6 is water.
As shown in fig. 6, the phase-change microsphere 7 has a core-shell structure, and includes a shell material 22 and a phase-change core material 21.
GA (gum arabic) and PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) are selected as emulsifiers, CA (capric acid) is a phase-change core material 21, siO2 is a shell material 22, and CA2SiO2 phase-change microsphere 7 with diameter d=1 mm is prepared by an interfacial polymerization method.
And closing the working medium circulating pump 5, putting about 600 cubic CA2SiO2 phase-change microsphere 7 into the circulating water, and starting the working medium circulating pump 5 to push the circulating water containing the phase-change microsphere into the condenser 1.
The phase-change core material 21 is solid at normal temperature, the melting point temperature is 31-31.5 ℃, the solidifying point is about 31 ℃, the influence of the shell material and the core material outside the phase-change temperature is ignored, the specific heat capacity Cp of water is known to be about 4.2 kJ/(kg DEG C). The equivalent specific heat of the circulating water 6 containing the CA2SiO2 phase-change microspheres 7 is 4.8 kJ/(kg DEG C), and after 10% of the phase-change microspheres are added, the specific heat of the circulating water 6 containing the CA2SiO2 phase-change microspheres 7 is improved by 15.2%.
As shown in fig. 7, the phase-change microsphere 7 performs phase-change heat absorption in a tube side 25 inside the condenser 1, and is converted from solid to liquid to form a thermal phase-change microsphere, so as to take away a certain amount of heat of steam in a shell side 26 of the condenser 1, improve heat exchange efficiency, and then is pressurized by a working medium circulating pump 5 and sent into a heat dissipation tube bundle 29 of the receiving space 2 along a thermal working medium pipeline 3.
After the phase-change microsphere 7 is put into the phase-change microsphere 7, the temperature of circulating water at the supercooling position of the heat-dissipation tube bundle is far lower than the phase-change temperature range of the phase-change microsphere, and the phase-change microsphere 7 is subjected to phase-change heat release at the supercooling position of the heat-dissipation tube bundle 29, so that the liquid state is converted into the solid state, and the cold phase-change microsphere is formed, thereby improving the fluidity of the phase-change microsphere 7 at the supercooling position, increasing the circulation quantity of the phase-change microsphere 7 at the position, further increasing the overall heat release quantity of the position, and improving the temperature of the circulating water 6 at the position from 0 ℃ to above the anti-freezing requirement temperature, and avoiding the freezing problem of the heat-dissipation tube bundle 29 caused by the excessively low temperature, and flowing back to the condenser 1 along the cold working medium pipeline 4 after heat release is finished.
The circulation water temperature at the local supercooling position of the heat radiation tube bundle 29 rises, so that the opening degree of the shutter can be further increased on the premise of ensuring no icing, the heat exchange efficiency of the whole tower is increased, the water temperature of the tower outlet is reduced, and the running economy of the unit is further improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the device further comprises a phase-change microsphere heat storage system 8 which is arranged in front of a pump of the hot working medium pipeline 3 and comprises a heat storage microsphere separation device 10, a heat storage valve 11, a heat storage container 12, a heat storage conveying pump 13 and a heat storage conveying valve 14, wherein the heat storage microsphere separation device 10 is provided with two modes, namely a circulation mode and a separation mode, cold phase-change microspheres in circulating water can normally pass through the heat-change microsphere in the circulation mode, the heat storage valve 11 is used for controlling the separated microspheres to pass through the separation mode, the heat storage container 12 is used for storing the heat-change microspheres separated from the hot working medium pipeline 3, the heat storage conveying pump 13 is used for conveying the heat-change microspheres stored in the heat storage container 12 back to the hot working medium pipeline 3 of the circulation system, and the heat storage conveying valve 14 is used for controlling the on-off of the conveying of the microspheres and preventing the circulating water from flowing backwards.
As shown in fig. 2, the cold storage system 9 further comprises a phase-change microsphere cold storage system 9 which is arranged on the cold working medium pipeline 4 at the outlet of the air cooling tower 2 and comprises a cold storage microsphere separating device 15, a cold storage valve 16, a cold storage container 17, a cold storage conveying pump 18 and a cold storage conveying valve 19, wherein the cold storage microsphere separating device 15 is provided with two modes, namely a circulation mode and a separation mode, cold phase-change microspheres in circulating water can normally pass through the cold storage microsphere separating system in the circulation mode, the cold storage valve 16 is used for controlling the separated microspheres to pass through the cold storage container 17 is used for storing the cold phase-change microspheres separated from the cold working medium pipeline 4, the cold storage conveying pump 18 is used for conveying the cold phase-change microspheres stored in the cold storage container 17 back to the cold working medium pipeline 4 of the circulating system, and the cold storage conveying valve 19 is used for controlling the on-off of the conveying of the microspheres and preventing the backflow of the circulating water.
When the ambient temperature is higher, the cold phase-change microsphere 7 in the cold storage container 17 is sent into a working medium circulation system through the cold storage conveying pump 18, so that the cooling effect of the hot end heat exchanger 1 is improved, and the heat phase-change microsphere after heat absorption and phase change is separated and stored in the heat storage container 12 through the heat storage microsphere separation device 10 in the hot working medium pipeline 3.
When the ambient temperature is lower, the hot phase-change microsphere in the heat storage container 12 is sent into a working medium circulating system through the heat storage conveying pump 13, so that the antifreezing effect of the cold-end heat exchanger is improved, and the cold phase-change microsphere after cooling and phase change is separated and stored in the cold storage container 17 through the cold storage microsphere separating device 15 in a cold working medium pipeline.
And the heat accumulation and cold accumulation operation of the phase change microsphere are continuously carried out according to the change of the environmental temperature, so that the safe and economic operation of the unit is ensured.
Embodiment 2. An anti-freezing and energy-saving mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling system based on phase-change microsphere.
The cooling system based on phase change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving is shown in fig. 3, and comprises a hot end heat exchanger 1, a cold end heat exchanger 2 and a working medium circulating system, and is characterized in that the hot end heat exchanger 1 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and comprises a hot end heat exchanger tube side 25 and a hot end heat exchanger shell side 26, the cold end heat exchanger 2 comprises a tower body, an air cooling radiator 20 and a louver 28, the working medium circulating system comprises a circulating working medium 6, a working medium circulating pump 5, a hot working medium pipeline 3 and a cold working medium pipeline 4, the circulating working medium 6 comprises base liquid and phase change microsphere 7, the phase change microsphere 7 absorbs heat through phase change to form the hot phase change microsphere in the hot end heat exchanger 1, internal heat is taken away, heat exchange efficiency is improved, then the phase change microsphere is formed by pressurizing through the working medium circulating pump 5 and delivering the hot phase change microsphere into a heat dissipation tube bundle 29 of the cold end heat exchanger 2 along the hot working medium pipeline 3, the temperature of the supercooling position circulating working medium 6 is improved, the freezing prevention purpose is achieved, and the phase change microsphere returns to the condenser 1 along the cold working medium pipeline 4 after the phase change heat release is completed.
The hot-end heat exchanger 1 is a condenser, the tube side 25 is a heat transfer tube bundle consisting of 5600 circular tubes with the diameter Dn=24mm, the tubes are stainless steel, circulating water containing phase-change micro-glue balls circulates in the tube side 25, the shell side 26 of the condenser 1 is an annular space formed by a condenser shell body and the heat transfer tube bundle, the condenser shell body is made of carbon steel, and steam circulates in the shell side 26.
The cold end heat exchanger 2 is a mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling tower, the heat dissipation tube bundles 29 are vertically arranged in a triangle, wherein the included angle theta of the triangle is 45 degrees, the shutter is formed by 130 galvanized steel blades, the working medium circulating pump 5 is an axial flow pump and is arranged on a hot working medium pipeline, and the base liquid of the circulating working medium is water.
The phase-change microsphere is prepared by taking n-eicosane as a phase-change core material, which is a phase-change material with the density of 0.79g/cm < 3 >, the latent heat of phase change of about 230kJ/kg and the phase-change temperature of 35-37 ℃ and TiO2 as a shell material, which is a heat-conducting material with the density of 4.26g/cm < 3 >, the heat conductivity coefficient of 3.4W/(m.K), and the same steps as in example 1 are carried out to prepare about 600 cubes of the phase-change microsphere, wherein the diameter Dr=2mm, so that the overall density of the microsphere is 0.99g/cm < 3 >, and the density of the microsphere is close to that of circulating water.
Before the phase-change microsphere is put into the condenser, the water temperature of the circulating working medium inlet of the condenser is 35 ℃ and the water temperature of the circulating working medium outlet of the condenser is 50 ℃.
And closing the working medium circulating pump 5, putting 600 cubes of phase-change rubber balls with millimeter level into cooling water, and starting the working medium circulating pump 5 to push the circulating water with the phase-change rubber balls into the condenser 1.
The specific heat capacity of the circulating water before the phase-change rubber ball is not added is about 4.2 kJ/(kg· ℃ and after 600 cubes of the phase-change rubber ball are put into the circulating water, the equivalent specific heat capacity of the circulating water containing the phase-change micro-rubber ball is about 5.02 kJ/(kg· ℃ and the specific heat capacity is improved by 19.5%.
When the heat load of the steam side of the condenser is fixed, the water amount of the water side is fixed, the temperature rise of the condenser is reduced, so that the water temperature of the outlet of the condenser is reduced, and when the heat transfer end difference is reduced, the steam discharge temperature is also reduced. According to a condenser temperature rise calculation formula and a heat transfer end difference calculation formula, circulating water containing phase-change microspheres is utilized to reduce the temperature of the condenser Wen Sheng t by 2.6 ℃, namely the inlet water temperature of the condenser is raised to 37.3 ℃, and the outlet water temperature is lowered to 48.7 ℃.
Under the working condition in winter, the average water temperature of the mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling tower is 37.3 ℃, the local minimum water temperature is about 0 ℃, the temperature is far lower than the phase transition temperature of the phase transition microsphere, the phase transition is carried out at the local supercooling position, the phase transition is carried out, the liquid state is changed into the solid state, the flow speed is increased, the circulation quantity of the thermal phase transition microsphere is increased, the heat generated by the phase transition is increased, the local minimum water temperature is increased to be higher than the anti-freezing requirement temperature from 0 ℃, the local heat dissipation tube bundles are not frozen due to the excessively low temperature, the rotating speed of a fan is properly increased, the overall ventilation quantity is improved, the overall water temperature of the tower is reduced on the premise of ensuring the local anti-freezing, and the running economy of a unit is further improved.
Embodiment 3. An antifreezing energy-saving closed evaporative cooling system based on phase-change microspheres.
The cooling system based on the phase-change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving comprises a hot-end heat exchanger 1, a cold-end heat exchanger 2 and a working medium circulating system, and is characterized in that the hot-end heat exchanger 1 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and comprises a hot-end heat exchanger tube side 25 and a hot-end heat exchanger shell side 26, the cold-end heat exchanger 2 is a closed evaporation cooling tower and comprises a tower body and a coil heat dissipation tube bundle 32, the working medium circulating system comprises a circulating working medium 6, a working medium circulating pump 5, a hot working medium pipeline 3 and a cold working medium pipeline 4, and the circulating working medium 6 comprises base liquid and the phase-change microsphere 7.
The hot-end heat exchanger 1 is a condenser, the tube side 25 is a heat transfer tube bundle consisting of 4500 round tubes with the diameter dn=22mm, the tubes are stainless steel, circulating water containing phase-change micro-glue balls circulates in the tube side 25, the shell side 26 of the condenser 1 is a shell of the condenser 1, the material is carbon steel, and steam circulates in the shell side 26.
The shutter is formed by 130 blades made of galvanized steel, the working medium circulating pump 5 is an axial flow pump and is arranged on a hot working medium pipeline, and the base liquid of the circulating working medium is water.
The phase-change microsphere is prepared by taking n-eicosane as a phase-change core material, which is a phase-change material with the density of 0.79g/cm < 3 >, the latent heat of phase change of about 230kJ/kg and the phase-change temperature of 35-37 ℃ and TiO2 as a shell material, which is a heat-conducting material with the density of 4.26g/cm < 3 >, the heat conductivity coefficient of 3.4W/(m.K), and the same steps as in example 1 are carried out to prepare the phase-change microsphere with the diameter Dr=2mm, so that the overall density of the microsphere is 0.99g/cm < 3 > and is close to the circulating water density.
Before the phase-change microsphere is put into the heat exchanger, the temperature of the circulating working medium inlet of the heat exchanger is 35 ℃ and the temperature of the circulating working medium outlet of the heat exchanger is 45 ℃.
And closing the working medium circulating pump 5, putting 500 cubes of phase-change rubber balls with millimeter level into cooling water, and starting the working medium circulating pump 5 to push the circulating water with the phase-change rubber balls into the hot-end heat exchanger 1.
The specific heat capacity of the circulating water before the phase-change rubber ball is not added is about 4.2 kJ/(kg· ℃ and after 600 cubes of the phase-change rubber ball are put into the circulating water, the equivalent specific heat capacity of the circulating water containing the phase-change micro-rubber ball is about 4.82 kJ/(kg· ℃ and the specific heat capacity is improved by 14.7%.
When the heat load of the steam side of the condenser is fixed, the water amount of the water side is fixed, the temperature rise of the condenser is reduced, so that the water temperature of the outlet of the condenser is reduced, and when the heat transfer end difference is reduced, the steam discharge temperature is also reduced. According to a condenser temperature rise calculation formula and a heat transfer end difference calculation formula, circulating water containing phase-change microspheres is utilized to reduce the temperature of the condenser Wen Sheng t by 1.8 ℃, namely the inlet water temperature of the condenser is increased to 35.9 ℃, and the outlet water temperature is reduced to 44.1 ℃.
Under the working condition in winter, the average water temperature of the closed evaporative cooling tower is 35.9 ℃, the local minimum water temperature is about 0 ℃, the temperature is far lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change microsphere, the phase change microsphere is subjected to phase change heat release at the local supercooling position of the coil pipe bundle, the liquid state is changed into the solid state, the flow rate is increased, the circulation quantity of the thermal phase change microsphere is increased, the heat generated by the phase change is increased, the local minimum water temperature is increased from 0 ℃ to the temperature above the antifreeze requirement temperature, the average water outlet temperature of the whole tower is further increased by 0.85 ℃, the rotating speed of a fan is properly increased, the overall ventilation quantity is improved, the local minimum water temperature is still above the antifreeze requirement temperature, the average water outlet temperature of the whole tower is reduced to 35.6 ℃, and the running economy of a unit is improved.
While there has been shown and described what are at present considered to be fundamental principles of the utility model, the main features and advantages of the utility model, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the utility model is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features thereof, and accordingly, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the utility model being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail herein, but rather is provided for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to make and use the embodiments described herein.
Claims (10)
1. A cooling system based on phase-change micro-glue ball freezing prevention and energy saving comprises a hot end heat exchanger, a cold end heat exchanger and a working medium circulating system, and is characterized in that the hot end heat exchanger is a hot end shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a hot end plate heat exchanger, the cold end heat exchanger is an air-cooled heat exchanger and comprises a tower body and an air-cooled radiator, the working medium circulating system comprises a circulating working medium, a working medium circulating pump, a hot working medium pipeline and a cold working medium pipeline, the circulating working medium comprises base liquid and phase-change micro-glue balls, the circulating working medium is driven by the working medium circulating pump to absorb heat in the hot end heat exchanger, heat is generated by heating the phase-change micro-glue balls into the hot phase-change micro-glue balls, the hot phase-change micro-glue balls enter the cold end heat exchanger through the hot working medium pipeline to release heat, the phase-change micro-glue balls are cooled, and then the cold phase-change micro-glue balls return to the hot end heat exchanger through the cold working medium pipeline to absorb heat.
2. The phase-change microsphere-based anti-freezing energy-saving cooling system is characterized in that the hot-end shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises a hot-end heat exchanger tube pass and a hot-end heat exchanger shell pass, the hot-end heat exchanger tube pass is a heat transfer tube bundle composed of a plurality of round tubes with diameters of 12 mm-67 mm inclusive and Dn-less, the tubes are one or more of stainless steel, titanium alloy and brass, the hot-end heat exchanger shell pass is an annular space formed between a hot-end heat exchanger shell and the heat transfer tube bundle, a heat source flows in the hot-end heat exchanger shell pass, the hot-end heat exchanger shell is made of one or more of carbon steel, low alloy steel, stainless steel and clad steel plates, and the heat source is water, steam or oil.
3. The cooling system based on phase change micro-rubber ball freezing prevention and energy saving as set forth in claim 1, wherein the hot end plate heat exchanger comprises a heat transfer plate, a sealing gasket and a pressing device, wherein the heat transfer plate is of a type of a herringbone corrugated plate, a horizontal straight corrugated plate, a spherical corrugated plate, a diagonal corrugated plate or a vertical corrugated plate, the plate is one or more of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, brass, monel alloy, nickel, molybdenum, titanium palladium alloy and fluoroplastic-graphite, the sealing gasket is used for preventing leakage of fluid and internal leakage between two fluids, the sealing gasket is made of one or more of nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, fluororubber, chloroprene rubber, silicone rubber and asbestos fiber plate, and the pressing device comprises a pressing plate and a pressing bolt and is used for pressing the sealing gasket to generate enough sealing force to ensure that leakage does not occur during operation of the hot end plate heat exchanger.
4. The cooling system based on phase-change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving is characterized in that the air cooling heat exchanger is a natural ventilation indirect air cooling tower, the tower body of the natural ventilation indirect air cooling tower is of a hyperbolic concrete structure, a conical steel structure or a hyperbolic steel structure, the air cooling radiator of the natural ventilation indirect air cooling tower is a triangular vertically arranged radiating tube bundle or a triangular horizontally arranged radiating tube bundle, and the included angle theta of the triangle is 30 degrees less than or equal to 180 degrees.
5. The cooling system based on phase-change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving is characterized in that the air cooling heat exchanger can also be a mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling tower, the tower body of the mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling tower is of a square steel structure or a hyperbolic steel structure with an axial flow fan, the air cooling radiator of the mechanical ventilation indirect air cooling tower is of a triangular vertically arranged heat dissipation tube bundle or a triangular horizontally arranged heat dissipation tube bundle, and the included angle theta of the triangle is 30 degrees less than or equal to 180 degrees.
6. The cooling system based on phase-change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving is characterized in that the cold end heat exchanger can also be a closed evaporation cold heat exchanger, and comprises a tower body and a coil pipe type heat dissipation tube bundle, wherein the closed evaporation cold heat exchanger is a closed evaporation cooling tower, and the tower body of the closed evaporation cooling tower is of a square steel structure with an axial flow fan.
7. The cooling system based on phase-change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving according to claim 1 is characterized in that the phase-change microsphere is of a core-shell structure and comprises a shell material and a phase-change core material, the diameter Dr of the phase-change microsphere is equal to or more than 0.1mm and less than or equal to 30mm, the equivalent diameter Dr of the phase-change microsphere is equal to or less than 0.1mm, and the shell material is a single-layer shell material.
8. The cooling system based on phase change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving is characterized in that the working medium circulating pump is a centrifugal pump, an axial flow pump or a mixed flow pump and is arranged on a hot working medium pipeline or a cold working medium pipeline, the upstream end of the hot working medium pipeline is connected with a hot end heat exchanger, the downstream end of the hot working medium pipeline is connected with a cold end heat exchanger, the upstream end of the cold working medium pipeline is connected with the cold end heat exchanger, and the downstream end of the cold working medium pipeline is connected with the hot end heat exchanger.
9. The cooling system based on phase-change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving is characterized in that a further phase-change microsphere heat storage system can be further arranged on the thermal working medium pipeline, the phase-change microsphere heat storage system comprises a heat storage microsphere separation device, a heat storage valve, a heat storage container, a heat storage conveying pump and a heat storage conveying valve, the heat storage microsphere separation device is provided with two modes, namely a circulation mode and a separation mode, the heat phase-change microsphere in a circulating working medium in the circulation mode can normally pass through the heat storage microsphere separation device, the heat storage valve is used for controlling the separated heat phase-change microsphere to pass through, the heat storage container is used for storing the heat phase-change microsphere separated from the thermal working medium pipeline, the heat storage conveying pump is used for conveying the heat phase-change microsphere stored in the heat storage container back to the thermal working medium pipeline of the working medium circulating system, and the heat storage conveying valve is used for controlling the on-off of the heat storage conveying microsphere and preventing the circulating working medium from flowing backwards.
10. The cooling system based on phase-change microsphere freezing prevention and energy saving is characterized in that a further cold working medium pipeline can further comprise a phase-change microsphere cold storage system, the phase-change microsphere cold storage system comprises a cold storage microsphere separating device, a cold storage valve, a cold storage container, a cold storage conveying pump and a cold storage conveying valve, the cold storage microsphere separating device is provided with two modes, namely a circulation mode and a separation mode, cold phase-change microspheres in a circulating working medium in the circulation mode can normally pass through the cold storage microsphere separating device, the cold phase-change microspheres in the separation mode can be separated, the cold storage valve is used for controlling the separated phase-change microspheres to pass through, the cold storage container is used for storing the cold phase-change microspheres separated from the cold working medium pipeline, the cold storage conveying pump is used for conveying the cold phase-change microspheres stored in the cold storage container back to the cold working medium pipeline of the working medium circulating system, and the cold storage conveying valve is used for controlling on-off of conveying the phase-change microspheres and preventing backflow of the circulating working medium.
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| CN202520140838.4U CN224121781U (en) | 2025-01-21 | 2025-01-21 | Cooling system based on phase change microsphere is prevented frostbite and is energy-conserving |
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| CN202520140838.4U CN224121781U (en) | 2025-01-21 | 2025-01-21 | Cooling system based on phase change microsphere is prevented frostbite and is energy-conserving |
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