CN224006517U - Charging overvoltage protection circuit and battery management system - Google Patents
Charging overvoltage protection circuit and battery management systemInfo
- Publication number
- CN224006517U CN224006517U CN202520380556.1U CN202520380556U CN224006517U CN 224006517 U CN224006517 U CN 224006517U CN 202520380556 U CN202520380556 U CN 202520380556U CN 224006517 U CN224006517 U CN 224006517U
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- battery
- charging
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- voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a charging overvoltage protection circuit and a battery management system, and relates to the technical field of charging overvoltage protection, wherein the charging overvoltage protection circuit is applied to the battery management system, the battery management system is provided with a charging module and a battery, the charging module outputs charging electric energy for charging the battery, the circuit comprises a switch circuit, a sampling control circuit, a feedback hysteresis unit and a feedback control unit, wherein the switch circuit is arranged between a charging end of the charging module and an anode end of the battery in series, the sampling control circuit compares detected battery voltage with received reference power voltage and then controls the working state of the switch circuit, and the feedback hysteresis unit is used for adjusting the voltage of the reference power supply output into the sampling control circuit according to a disconnection control signal or a connection control signal. The sampling control circuit compares the detected battery voltage with the reference power supply voltage regulated by the positive feedback of the feedback hysteresis unit to control the working state of the switch circuit, so that repeated recharging caused by poor return of the battery when the battery is turned off is avoided when the battery is stopped from being charged due to overvoltage.
Description
Technical Field
The present utility model relates to the field of charging overvoltage protection technologies, and in particular, to a charging overvoltage protection circuit and a battery management system.
Background
In a battery management system, the over-voltage often causes dangerous conditions such as battery heating, swelling and even explosion, so that over-voltage protection is indispensable to the battery management system, however, the over-voltage point of a charging circuit is fixed at present, a main circuit is turned off to stop charging when the voltage exceeds a moment, and the battery has a return difference at the end of charging, and the voltage is lower than the over-voltage point again, so that the main circuit is turned on again to be charged again. And the fluctuation of the battery voltage is larger after leaving the platform period, the process can be repeated continuously, and the frequent on and off can cause adverse effects on the service life of the battery and components.
Disclosure of utility model
The utility model mainly aims to provide a charging overvoltage protection circuit and a battery management system, which aim to solve the problem that when a battery is in poor return after charging, the voltage is lower than an overvoltage point again, so that a main loop is conducted again for recharging.
In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides a charging overvoltage protection circuit applied to a battery management system, the battery management system is provided with a charging module and a battery, the battery is connected with the charging module, the charging module outputs charging electric energy for charging the battery, the charging overvoltage protection circuit includes:
The switch circuit is arranged between the charging end of the charging module and the positive electrode end of the battery in series;
The sampling control circuit is used for detecting the voltage of the battery, comparing the detected voltage of the battery with the received voltage of the reference power supply and outputting an off control signal or an on control signal to the switching circuit so as to control the working state of the switching circuit;
The input end of the feedback hysteresis unit is electrically connected with the output end of the sampling control circuit, and the output end of the feedback hysteresis unit is electrically connected with the reference end of the sampling control circuit and is used for adjusting the voltage output to the reference power supply in the sampling control circuit according to the disconnection control signal or the connection control signal.
In one embodiment, the feedback hysteresis unit includes:
A diode, a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor;
The anode of the diode is electrically connected with the output end of the sampling control circuit, the cathode of the diode is electrically connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the fourth resistor and the reference end of the sampling control circuit, and the second end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with the reference power supply.
In one embodiment, the sampling control circuit includes:
The sampling end of the sampling unit is electrically connected with the battery and is used for collecting the voltage of the battery;
The negative electrode end of the control unit is electrically connected with the output end of the sampling unit, the reference end of the control unit is connected with a reference power supply, the output end of the control unit is electrically connected with the controlled end of the switching circuit, and the control unit is used for outputting a disconnection control signal or a connection control signal after comparing the voltage of the acquisition battery with the voltage of the reference power supply.
In one embodiment, the sampling unit includes:
the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor;
The first end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the battery, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the second resistor and the first end of the third resistor respectively, the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the battery, and the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the control unit.
In an embodiment, the control unit includes an operational amplifier, a negative end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to an output end of the sampling unit, a reference end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to an output end of the feedback hysteresis unit and an output end of the feedback hysteresis unit, and an output end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected to a controlled end of the switching circuit and an input end of the feedback hysteresis unit, respectively.
The utility model also provides a battery management system, which comprises a battery, a charging module and the charging overvoltage protection circuit;
The battery is electrically connected with the charging end of the charging module, the negative electrode end of the battery is electrically connected with the charging loop end of the charging module, and the charging module outputs charging electric energy for charging the battery.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that the charging overvoltage protection circuit is applied to a battery management system, the battery management system is provided with a charging module and a battery, the battery is connected with the charging module, the charging module outputs charging electric energy for charging the battery, the charging overvoltage protection circuit is characterized by comprising a switch circuit, a sampling control circuit, a sampling end of the sampling control circuit is electrically connected with the battery, an output end of the sampling control circuit is electrically connected with a controlled end of the switch circuit, a reference end of the sampling control circuit is connected with a reference power supply, the sampling control circuit is used for detecting battery voltage and comparing the detected battery voltage with a received reference power supply voltage, and outputting a disconnection control signal or a connection control signal to the switch circuit so as to control the working state of the switch circuit, and a feedback unit, wherein an input end of the feedback unit is electrically connected with an output end of the sampling control circuit, and an output end of the feedback unit is electrically connected with the control circuit so as to regulate the connection of the sampling control signal to the reference power supply according to the hysteresis voltage. The sampling control circuit detects the battery voltage, compares the detected battery voltage with the received reference power supply voltage, outputs an off control signal or an on control signal to the switching circuit to control the working state of the switching circuit, and when the off control signal or the on control signal is output, the feedback hysteresis unit adjusts the voltage of the reference power supply according to the off control signal or the on control signal, so that repeated recharging caused by poor recharging of the battery at the end of charging can be avoided when the battery is over-voltage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a charging overvoltage protection circuit according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the control unit of the charge overvoltage protection circuit of FIG. 1;
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. A charging module; 2, a battery, 3, a switch circuit, 4, a sampling control circuit, 41, a sampling unit, 42, a control unit and 5, a feedback hysteresis unit.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear are referred to in the embodiments of the present utility model), the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, and the like between the components in a specific posture, and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present utility model, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, if "and/or" and/or "are used throughout, the meaning includes three parallel schemes, for example," a and/or B "including a scheme, or B scheme, or a scheme where a and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.
Because in prior art, the charging circuit that charges to the battery is generally fixed at the overvoltage point, and when the battery voltage exceeds in the twinkling of an eye, owing to the battery has the return difference at the end of charging, the voltage can be lower than the overvoltage point once more, leads to main return circuit to switch on again and charges once more, and the fluctuation is great after the battery voltage leaves the platform period, and this process can constantly relapse, and frequent switching on and switching off can cause harmful effect to battery and components and parts life-span.
Referring to fig. 1, the utility model provides a charging overvoltage protection circuit, which is applied to a battery management system, the battery management system is provided with a charging module 1 and a battery 2, the battery 2 is connected with the charging module 1, the charging module 1 outputs charging electric energy for charging the battery 2, and the charging overvoltage protection circuit comprises:
A switch circuit 3, wherein the switch circuit 3 is arranged in series between a charging end of the charging module 1 and a positive electrode end of the battery 2;
The sampling control circuit 4, the sampling end of the sampling control circuit 4 is electrically connected with the battery 2, the output end of the sampling control circuit 4 is electrically connected with the controlled end of the switch circuit 3, the reference end of the sampling control circuit 4 is connected with a reference power supply, the sampling control circuit 4 is used for detecting the battery voltage, comparing the detected battery voltage with the received reference power supply voltage, and outputting an off control signal or an on control signal to the switch circuit 3 so as to control the working state of the switch circuit 3;
The input end of the feedback hysteresis unit 5 is electrically connected with the output end of the sampling control circuit 4, and the output end of the feedback hysteresis unit 5 is electrically connected with the reference end of the control unit 42 and is used for adjusting the voltage output to the reference power supply in the sampling control circuit 4 according to the disconnection control signal or the connection control signal.
In the embodiment, the battery 2 may be implemented by a rechargeable battery 2 such as a lithium battery 2 or a lead-acid battery 2, the reference power supply voltage may preset a specific voltage value according to the type and specific capacity of the battery 2, the charging module 1 may output charging electric energy after converting through an adapter and an interface by using an external power supply to charge the battery 2, or may output charging electric energy to the battery 2 after converting through the charging management chip by using other energy storage devices, where the energy storage devices may be supercapacitors or other elements capable of storing electric energy, the switching circuit 3 may be implemented by an electronic switching element such as a MOSFET, an IGBT or a relay, so as to control the on/off of a circuit between the battery 2 and the charging module 1 according to a received off control signal or on control signal, and the sampling control circuit 4 may use a circuit element such as an operational amplifier or a comparator to accurately detect the battery voltage and compare with the reference power supply voltage. The feedback hysteresis unit 5 may be designed as a circuit with hysteresis characteristics to avoid frequent switching actions caused by voltage fluctuations, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.
Specifically, the sampling control circuit 4 detects the voltage of the battery 2, and when detecting that the battery voltage is higher than the rising threshold, the sampling control circuit 4 sends an off control signal to the switch circuit 3 to control the switch circuit 3 to disconnect the circuit between the charging module 1 and the battery 2, or when detecting that the battery voltage is lower than the falling threshold, the sampling control circuit 4 sends an on control signal to the switch circuit 3 to control the switch circuit 3 to conduct the circuit between the charging module 1 and the battery 2, wherein the feedback hysteresis unit 5 forms a positive feedback loop by receiving the on control signal or the off control signal sent by the sampling control circuit 4, so that the output voltage output state of the sampling control circuit 4 has a threshold difference (i.e. hysteresis window) when switching, and frequent switching caused by fluctuation of the input signal (battery voltage) around the threshold is avoided.
In one embodiment, the feedback hysteresis unit 5 includes:
a diode D1, a fourth resistor R4 and a fifth resistor R5;
The anode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the output end of the sampling control circuit 4, the cathode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth resistor R5, the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected to the first end of the fourth resistor R4 and the reference end of the sampling control circuit 4, and the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to the reference power supply.
In this embodiment, the diode D1 and the fifth resistor R5 form a feedback hysteresis unit 5, and are disposed between the output end of the sampling control circuit 4 and the reference power supply, and the voltage of the reference power supply is divided by the diode D1 and the fifth resistor R5 to form the feedback hysteresis unit 5 and the fourth resistor R4, and then the voltage (dynamic threshold) is output to the reference end of the sampling unit 41, thereby replacing the conventional fixed threshold.
In an embodiment, the sampling control circuit 4 includes:
The sampling end of the sampling unit 41 is electrically connected with the battery 2 and is used for collecting battery voltage;
The negative terminal of the control unit 42 is electrically connected with the output terminal of the sampling unit 41, the reference terminal of the control unit 42 is connected with a reference power supply, and the output terminal of the control unit 42 is electrically connected with the controlled terminal of the switch circuit 3, so as to output an off control signal or an on control signal after comparing the voltage of the battery 2 of the acquisition battery 2 with the voltage of the reference power supply.
In this embodiment, the sampling unit 41 may be implemented by a voltage dividing network circuit, and the control unit 42 may be implemented by a comparator circuit or an operational amplifier U1, for example, a negative input end of the comparator circuit receives a divided voltage output by the voltage dividing network circuit when detecting a battery voltage, a negative input end of the comparator circuit is connected to the reference power supply, and an output end of the comparator circuit is used as an output end of the control unit 42, and is configured to output an off control signal or an on control signal to a controlled end of the switch circuit 3 according to a comparison result after comparing the divided voltage with the reference power supply voltage, so as to implement control of the switch circuit 3.
Further, the sampling unit 41 includes:
the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3;
The first end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the battery 2, the second end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected with the first end of the second resistor R2 and the first end of the third resistor R3, the second end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the battery 2, and the second end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the control unit 42.
In this embodiment, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3 form a voltage dividing network circuit, and an output end of the voltage dividing network circuit is a second end of the third resistor R3, and the voltage dividing network circuit is configured to detect the voltage of the battery 2 and output the divided voltage to the control unit 42, so as to sample the battery voltage. The resistance values of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 can be set according to actual requirements so as to meet the requirement of accurately sampling the battery voltage.
Further, the control unit 42 includes an operational amplifier U1, a negative terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the sampling unit 41, a reference terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the feedback hysteresis unit 5 and the output terminal of the feedback hysteresis unit 5, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the controlled terminal of the switch circuit 3 and the input terminal of the feedback hysteresis unit 5, respectively.
In this embodiment, the operational amplifier U1 is configured to compare the divided voltage output when the sampling unit 41 detects the battery voltage with the reference voltage output by the reference power supply, and output a corresponding control signal to the controlled end of the switch circuit 3 according to the comparison result. Meanwhile, the output signal of the operational amplifier U1 is also fed back to the feedback hysteresis unit 5 to adjust the reference voltage, thereby realizing the hysteresis control function, avoiding frequent actions of the switching circuit 3 near the critical voltage and improving the stability and reliability of the circuit.
Specifically, when the detected battery voltage is lower than the falling threshold, the operational amplifier U1 outputs high-level control K1 to be closed, when the battery voltage is higher than the rising threshold, the operational amplifier U1 outputs low-level control K1 to be opened, and even if the voltage drops at the opening moment, the K1 is kept to be opened as long as the voltage is higher than the falling threshold, and jitter cannot be generated.
The operational amplifier U1 controls the switching circuit 3 to turn on a line between the charging module 1 and the battery 2 by outputting a high level (on control signal) to the switching circuit 3 when the battery voltage is detected to be lower than a falling threshold, or the sampling control circuit 4 outputs a low level (off control signal) to the switching circuit 3 when the battery voltage is detected to be higher than a rising threshold, to control the switching circuit 3 to disconnect the line between the charging module 1 and the battery 2, and the switching circuit 3 is turned off instantaneously even if the battery voltage detected by the sampling unit 41 is lowered, so long as the battery voltage is higher than the falling threshold, the switching circuit 3 remains turned off and no jitter is generated.
As described in connection with the above embodiments and fig. 1 to 2, the operational amplifier U1 can perform the protection control of the rising threshold according to the voltage superposition theorem and the unidirectional conductivity of the diode D1And a drop threshold Ul, specifically referring to the following formula:
;
;
Wherein Voh is the power supply VCC potential of the operational amplifier U1, namely the highest voltage value (output high level) which can be reached by the output end of the operational amplifier U1 in a normal working state, vol is the GND potential of the operational amplifier U1, namely the lowest voltage value (output low level) which can be reached by the output end of the operational amplifier U1 in a normal working state, VREF is the reference voltage which is outputted by a reference power supply and is not subjected to voltage division treatment by the feedback hysteresis unit 5 and the fourth resistor R4, and VD is the voltage drop of the diode D1;
In practical application, the off voltage U when the battery 2 is disconnected from the charging module 1 is set according to the battery voltage, and the on voltage Ur when the battery 2 is connected to the charging module 1 is set according to the battery voltage, the first resistor R1 is set to a constant value corresponding to the rising threshold value Uh and the falling threshold value Ul sampled by the sampling unit 41, and the voltage is divided according to the resistor The value of the second resistor R2 can be obtained by back-pushing, and the threshold voltage can be increased due to the turn-off voltage UAccording toWherein VOH is VCC potential, diode D1 voltage drop VD, VREF is the fixed value, therefore only need to set up the resistance of fourth resistance R4, can obtain the resistance of fifth resistance R5.
The utility model also provides a battery management system, which comprises a battery 2, a charging module 1 and a charging overvoltage protection circuit as described above;
the battery 2 is electrically connected with the charging end of the charging module 1, the negative electrode end of the battery 2 is electrically connected with the charging loop end of the charging module 1, and the charging module 1 outputs charging electric energy for charging the battery 2.
The specific structure of the charging overvoltage protection circuit refers to the above embodiments, and since the charging overvoltage protection circuit adopts all the technical solutions of all the embodiments, the charging overvoltage protection circuit has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the embodiments, and will not be described in detail herein.
The foregoing description is only exemplary embodiments of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a charging overvoltage protection circuit, is applied to battery management system, battery management system is provided with charging module and battery, the battery with charging module connects, charging module output charging electric energy supplies the battery charges, its characterized in that, charging overvoltage protection circuit includes:
The switch circuit is arranged between the charging end of the charging module and the positive electrode end of the battery in series;
The sampling control circuit is used for detecting the voltage of the battery, comparing the detected voltage of the battery with the received voltage of the reference power supply and outputting an off control signal or an on control signal to the switching circuit so as to control the working state of the switching circuit;
The input end of the feedback hysteresis unit is electrically connected with the output end of the sampling control circuit, and the output end of the feedback hysteresis unit is electrically connected with the reference end of the sampling control circuit and is used for adjusting the voltage output to the reference power supply in the sampling control circuit according to the disconnection control signal or the connection control signal.
2. The charging overvoltage protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the feedback hysteresis unit comprises:
A diode, a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor;
The anode of the diode is electrically connected with the output end of the sampling control circuit, the cathode of the diode is electrically connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the fourth resistor and the reference end of the sampling control circuit, and the second end of the fourth resistor is electrically connected with the reference power supply.
3. The charging overvoltage protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the sampling control circuit comprises:
The sampling end of the sampling unit is electrically connected with the battery and is used for collecting the voltage of the battery;
The negative electrode end of the control unit is electrically connected with the output end of the sampling unit, the reference end of the control unit is connected with a reference power supply, the output end of the control unit is electrically connected with the controlled end of the switching circuit, and the control unit is used for outputting a disconnection control signal or a connection control signal after comparing the voltage of the acquisition battery with the voltage of the reference power supply.
4. A charging overvoltage protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein the sampling unit comprises:
the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor;
The first end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the battery, the second end of the first resistor is electrically connected with the first end of the second resistor and the first end of the third resistor respectively, the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the battery, and the second end of the third resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the control unit.
5. The charge overvoltage protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the control unit comprises an operational amplifier, a negative terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the output terminal of the sampling unit, a reference terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the output terminal of the feedback hysteresis unit and the output terminal of the feedback hysteresis unit, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the controlled terminal of the switching circuit and the input terminal of the feedback hysteresis unit, respectively.
6. A battery management system, characterized in that the battery management system comprises a battery, a charging module and a charging overvoltage protection circuit according to claims 1-5;
The battery is electrically connected with the charging end of the charging module, the negative electrode end of the battery is electrically connected with the charging loop end of the charging module, and the charging module outputs charging electric energy for charging the battery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202520380556.1U CN224006517U (en) | 2025-03-06 | 2025-03-06 | Charging overvoltage protection circuit and battery management system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202520380556.1U CN224006517U (en) | 2025-03-06 | 2025-03-06 | Charging overvoltage protection circuit and battery management system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN224006517U true CN224006517U (en) | 2026-03-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202520380556.1U Active CN224006517U (en) | 2025-03-06 | 2025-03-06 | Charging overvoltage protection circuit and battery management system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN224006517U (en) |
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2025
- 2025-03-06 CN CN202520380556.1U patent/CN224006517U/en active Active
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