Slender shaft workpiece processing stable supporting device with optimized middle section backstop
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of clamping, supporting and positioning devices for workpieces or cutters in mechanical processing and finish machining, and particularly relates to a machining supporting center frame device for slender shaft workpieces.
Background
At present, the requirements on the size precision and the shape position precision of slender shaft parts are also higher and higher. The slender shaft part has poor rigidity during processing due to small average outer diameter and long length, is easy to deform and affects processing precision, and thus, the conventional grinding processing method of the slender shaft is extremely challenging.
In order to prevent deformation during grinding, not only the workpiece is clamped by virtue of the front thimble and the rear thimble, but also one or more center frames are needed for supporting the workpiece, and two common supporting methods are adopted:
The method has the defects that the slender shaft is easy to deform, the roundness and cylindricity of the excircle of the supporting part of the workpiece cannot be guaranteed by the front machining, the workpiece is clamped by two ejector pins during grinding, the dead weight of the workpiece can cause deformation, the supporting part cannot be aligned by striking a meter, and the excircle precision of the machining cannot be guaranteed if the workpiece is supported by the central frame forcibly.
The method has the defects that before supporting, the outer circle of the transition sleeve is corrected by beating a meter, the outer circle of the transition sleeve is adjusted by the screws at the two ends, but the adjustment of the screws at the two ends is mutually influenced, the outer circle of the transition sleeve and the outer circle axis of a supporting part of an slender shaft are difficult to be prevented from being skewed, and the radial positions of the screws at the two ends are difficult to be directly adjusted, so that the adjustment is difficult to be accurately controlled, time and labor are wasted, the efficiency is quite low, and the precision is not quite high. The related patent application discloses less.
The processing of the equidistant arc surface of the slender shaft with large length-diameter ratio and low rigidity cannot be performed without auxiliary support. The existing auxiliary support for the turning, grinding and other processing of the slender shaft is only suitable for processing the slender shaft with the outer circle center coincident with the rotation center of the shaft, and the processing of the equidistant arc slender shaft with the arc center not coincident with the rotation center of the shaft is also lack of an auxiliary support method and an auxiliary support device, and further lack of auxiliary support for simultaneously realizing the processing of a plurality of equidistant arc slender shafts. In particular, the middle part is easily deformed under the radial cutting force due to weaker rigidity during processing, so that the middle part is larger than the two ends. In order to prevent the workpiece from yielding in the middle section in the processing process, a few of the prior art adopts a hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical retaining mechanism as the core part of the device, and is complex and difficult to meet the requirements of stable and simple work.
Disclosure of utility model
The utility model provides a stable supporting device for processing a middle-section backstop optimized slender shaft type workpiece, which gives an optimized composite supporting function to the middle part of the workpiece and aims to solve and improve the existing problems.
The screw rod shaft is connected to the bearing seat and the sleeve cylinder body in a penetrating mode from back to front, the lever is hinged to the middle of the body shell at the lower side of the sleeve cylinder body, and the first support block and the second support block are respectively arranged at the front ends of the sleeve cylinder body and the lever.
Wherein, the middle rear section of the sleeve cylinder body 2 is internally provided with a travel blind hole in the middle, and the rear end of the travel blind hole is provided with an inner pressing ring.
The outer pressing ring is arranged on the rear end opening edge of the bearing seat, specifically, the protruding part of the middle part of the front end surface of the outer pressing ring is clamped into the rear end opening edge of the bearing seat and presses the bearing disc, the inner wall of the middle hole of the outer pressing ring is tightly clamped with the local outer wall of the rear section of the screw rod shaft, the edge of the outer pressing ring is fastened on the rear end surface of the bearing seat through a cylindrical end screw, and the middle part of the rear end surface of the outer pressing ring, namely the rear end extending out of the screw rod shaft, is sleeved with the installation pressing cap.
Wherein, the middle rear section of the sleeve cylinder body is internally provided with a travel blind hole in the middle, the middle part of the front end surface of the sleeve cylinder body is transversely provided with an end transverse groove, and the outer wall of the sleeve cylinder body is axially provided with an inner guide groove with a linear structure. The first support block is inserted into an end transverse groove on the front end surface of the sleeve cylinder body through a straight ridge with a strip-shaped bulge in the middle part on the rear end surface of the first support block.
Wherein, the supporting working surfaces of the first support block and the second support block form an included angle smaller than 90 degrees, and the opening faces the cutting force direction.
The middle part of the bottom side of the lever is provided with an annular hinging seat in a downward protruding way, rear end of upper part of lever the screw hole is vertically opened, vertical opening a screw hole is arranged on the inner side of the screw hole.
Furthermore, in order to achieve the purpose, the utility model is provided with the body shell comprising a shell base plate, the support arm, the cylinder sleeve and the reaming, wherein the support arm is obliquely and vertically arranged from front to middle to upper on the upper side of the shell base plate which is horizontally arranged at the bottom, the reaming is arranged in the middle of the support arm, and the cylinder sleeve is connected with the upper end of the support arm.
In particular, an axial through hole is arranged in the cylinder sleeve, a supporting sealing ring is embedded in a ring groove at the inner edge of the middle hole at the rear side of the front cover, and the edge of the front cover is arranged on the front end opening edge of the cylinder sleeve at the upper part of the body shell through a fastening screw.
In particular, an axially extending outer guide groove is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder sleeve.
In particular, a compressing block is arranged at the rear end of the shell base plate at the bottom of the body shell.
In particular, the rear end of the lever is provided with a screw hole, the bottom surface of the rear section of the cylinder sleeve is provided with a screw hole, the lifting screw rod is screwed through the rear end of the lever screw hole and top the bottom surface of the rear section of the cylinder sleeve.
Compared with the prior art, the double-support block supporting structure with the adjustable included angle has the advantages that the machining rigidity is improved, the supporting force is adjustable, the grinding machining precision of equidistant arc surface slender shaft workpieces can be effectively improved, the machining rigidity, stability and machining efficiency can be improved, accurate adjustment is realized, and the auxiliary supporting device is compact in structure, reliable in quality, convenient and quick. Especially in the processing of the slender shaft workpiece by adopting a clamping supporting mode of clamping, supporting and jacking, the device is arranged between the clamping jaw and the tailstock thimble of the machine tool, and the radial cutting force born by the slender shaft in the processing process is counteracted, so that the stressed deformation of the slender shaft is eliminated, and the jump of the dial indicator before and after clamping is ensured to be within 0.005 mm. The method can be suitable for machining slender shafts with high precision requirements, and can be used for machining processes such as turning, milling and grinding of slender shafts with equidistant arc surfaces. Has good universality and popularization value.
Drawings
The following drawings are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the utility model in any way. Reference is made to the following drawings to assist the reader in understanding the embodiments of the utility model and to further understand the advantages and technical features of the utility model.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view in cross-sectional configuration of embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a sectional structure of a front view of a body housing in embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a front view of a cylinder body according to embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a sectional structure of the embodiment of the utility model in the direction A-A in FIG. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the left end face structure of the sleeve cylinder in fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the right end face structure of the sleeve cylinder in fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the lever structure in embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a first supporting block in embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 10 is a schematic left-view structure of a first supporting block in embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a center pin according to example 1 of the present utility model.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the end face structure of a center pin according to example 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the right end face of the bearing housing in embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bearing seat according to embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a press ring according to embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the end face structure of the press ring in embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the front cover end face in embodiment 1 of the present utility model.
The reference numerals include:
1-body shell, 2-sleeve cylinder body, 3-workpiece, 4-lever, 5-first supporting block, 6-second supporting block, 7-axle pin, 8-compression block, 9-inner compression ring, 10-inner set screw, 11-bearing seat, 12-screw rod shaft, 13-bearing disc, 14-outer compression ring, 15-cylinder end screw, 16-compression cap, 17-front cover, 18-supporting sealing ring, 19-outer set screw and 20-lifting screw;
101-shell base plates, 102-support arms, 103-cylinder sleeves, 104-outer guide grooves and 105-reaming holes;
201-stroke blind holes, 202-inner guide grooves and 203-end transverse grooves.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present utility model, it is also to be noted that, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise;
the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover alternatives under the same logic as those not listed.
The terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intermediate medium, or communicate between two elements.
The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like refer to an azimuth or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, or that is commonly put in use of the inventive product, merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "overhang," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, definitions, will control.
The principle of the utility model is that in improving the stability of slender shaft workpieces in the processing process, particularly in the aspect of middle section stopping optimization, the auxiliary supporting device has good rigidity, stability and precision, and is required to be suitable for slender shaft workpieces with different sizes and materials so as to reduce vibration and improve processing precision and efficiency.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the utility model comprises a body shell 1, a sleeve cylinder body 2, a lever 4, a first supporting block 5, a second supporting block 6, a bearing seat 11, a screw rod shaft 12 and a bearing disc 13, wherein the bearing seat 11 is arranged at the rear of the body shell 1 provided with the sleeve cylinder body 2, the bearing disc 13 is arranged in the bearing seat 11, the screw rod shaft 12 is connected with the bearing seat 11 and the sleeve cylinder body 2 in a penetrating way from back to front, the lever 4 is hinged in the middle of the body shell 1 at the lower side of the sleeve cylinder body 2, and the first supporting block 5 and the second supporting block 6 are respectively arranged at the front ends of the sleeve cylinder body 2 and the lever 4.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present utility model, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments.
In the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 3, a body shell 1 comprises a shell base plate 101, a support arm 102, a cylinder sleeve 103, an outer guide groove 104 and a reaming 105, wherein the support arm 102 is obliquely and vertically arranged from front to middle to upper on the upper side of the shell base plate 101 which is horizontally arranged at the bottom, the reaming 105 is arranged in the middle of the support arm 102, the cylinder sleeve 103 is connected and arranged at the upper end of the support arm 102, an axial through hole is formed in the cylinder sleeve 103, the cylinder sleeve 103 and the central axis of the axial through hole extend obliquely and backwards and upwards, and the outer guide groove 104 which extends axially is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder sleeve 103.
As shown in fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7, the sleeve cylinder 2 includes a travel blind hole 201, an inner guide groove 202 and an end cross groove 203. A travel blind hole 201 is formed in the middle and rear section of the sleeve cylinder body 2, an end transverse groove 203 is transversely formed in the middle of the front end surface of the sleeve cylinder body 2, and an inner guide groove 202 with a linear structure is axially formed in the outer wall of the sleeve cylinder body.
As shown in fig. 8, the middle part of the bottom side of the lever 4 is provided with an annular hinging seat in a downward protruding way, the rear end of the upper part of the lever 4 is vertically provided with a screw hole, and the front wall of the edge of the front end of the upper part of the lever 4 is provided with a screw hole.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the middle part of the front end surface of the first supporting block 5 is protruded and provided with an inclined front end surface, the middle part of the rear end surface of the first supporting block 5 is protruded with a straight edge, and four screw holes are uniformly distributed on the edge of the first supporting block 5. The second supporting block 6 has a similar structure to the first supporting block 5.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the middle part of the inner end of the shaft pin 7 protrudes, and the outer end surface of the shaft pin 7 symmetrically penetrates through two screw holes.
As shown in fig. 13 and 14, the bearing seat 11 is square in shape, the axial middle of the bearing seat 11 is provided with a shaft hole, the middle of the front end surface of the bearing seat 11 protrudes, the axial four corners of the bearing seat 11 are provided with through holes, and the middle of the inner edge of the outer wall of the axial four sides of the bearing seat 11 is provided with a threaded counter bore.
As shown in fig. 15 and 16, the outer pressing ring 14 is circular, the middle part is provided with a shaft hole, the middle part of the front end surface of the outer pressing ring 14 protrudes, four through holes are uniformly distributed on the edge of the outer pressing ring 14, and the rear sections of the through holes are expanded in diameter.
As shown in fig. 17, the front cover 17 has a square plate shape, through holes are formed in four corners, and an annular groove is formed in the inner edge of the rear side of the through hole in the front cover 17.
In the foregoing, the cylinder liner 103 on the upper portion of the body shell 1 is coaxially provided with the sleeve cylinder body 2, specifically, the ring groove on the inner edge of the middle hole on the rear side of the front cover 17 is embedded with the supporting sealing ring 18, the edge of the front cover 17 is installed on the front end edge of the cylinder liner 103 on the upper portion of the body shell 1 through fastening screws, the supporting sealing ring 18 is tightly pressed against the outer wall of the front end of the sleeve cylinder body 2 and fixed, meanwhile, the rear end of the travel blind hole 201 of the sleeve cylinder body 2 in the rear end of the cylinder liner 103 on the upper portion of the body shell 1 is provided with the inner pressing ring 9, namely, the edge of the inner pressing ring 9 is fixed on the rear end face of the sleeve cylinder body 2 through the inner fastening screws 10. Further, a bearing housing 11 is attached to the rear end surface of the cylinder liner 103. Specifically, the cylinder liner 103 and the bearing housing 11 have the same rectangular outer wall and the same inner diameter of the central shaft hole. Front of shaft hole in bearing seat 11 the end is provided with a diameter-reducing structure. The middle protruding part of the front end of the bearing seat 11 is embedded into the rear port edge of the cylinder sleeve 103, and the cylinder sleeve 103 is connected with the bearing seat 11 through a corner through-connection long bolt. Further, a screw shaft 12 is fitted into a center shaft hole of the bearing housing 11. The front part of the screw rod shaft 12 is screwed forwards through a screw hole in the middle of the inner pressing ring 9 and extends into a travel blind hole 201 of the sleeve cylinder body 2 to form a front screw rod thread supporting structure, the front side and the rear side of a protruding annular table in the middle of the screw rod shaft 12 are respectively sleeved with a bearing disc 13, the outer wall of the protruding annular table is tightly attached to the inner wall of the bearing seat 11 to form a middle support, then an outer pressing ring 14 is arranged on the rear end edge of the bearing seat 11, specifically, the middle protruding part of the front end surface of the outer pressing ring 14 is clamped into the rear end edge of the bearing seat 11 and tightly presses the bearing disc 13, the inner wall of a middle hole of the outer pressing ring 14 tightly clamps the partial outer wall of the rear section of the screw rod shaft 12 to form a rear support, further, the edge of the outer pressing ring 14 is fastened on the rear end surface of the bearing seat 11 through a cylindrical end screw 15, and the middle part of the rear end of the outer pressing ring 14, namely the protruding rear end of the screw rod shaft 12, is sleeved with a mounting pressing cap 16.
In the foregoing, the outer wall of the cylinder sleeve 103 at the upper part of the body shell 1 is provided with the outer guide groove 104 extending axially, and correspondingly, the corresponding part of the outer wall of the sleeve cylinder body 2 is provided with the corresponding inner guide groove 202. The cylindrical end of the outer set screw 19 is extended from the upper outer guide groove 104 of the body housing 1 into the inner guide groove 202 of the side of the sleeve cylinder 2 to lock the sleeve cylinder 2 and prevent it from rotating. The cylinder liner 103 is inclined upward and rearward.
In the foregoing, the hinge hole 105 is transversely provided in the middle of the arm 102 provided obliquely upward in the middle of the body housing 1, the middle section of the lever 4 is embedded in the hinging hole 105, and the middle part of the supporting arm 102 is hinged with the middle section of the lever 4 through the hinging hole 105 by using the shaft pin 7. The rear end of the lever 4 is positioned at the lower side of the rear section of the cylinder sleeve 103. The rear end of the lever 4 is provided with a screw hole, and the lifting screw rod 20 is screwed through the screw hole at the rear end of the lever 4 and abuts against the bottom surface of the rear section of the cylinder sleeve 103.
In the foregoing, the first supporting block 5 is mounted on the front end face of the sleeve cylinder 2, wherein the first supporting block 5 is inserted into the end transverse groove 203 on the front end face of the sleeve cylinder 2 through the straight ridge protruding in the middle on the rear end face of the first supporting block 5, and the first supporting block 5 is fixed on the front end face of the sleeve cylinder 2 through the mounting hole of the corner in a penetrating manner by a screw. The front end of the lever 4 is provided with a second supporting block 6.
In the foregoing, the pressing block 8 is mounted at the rear end of the housing base plate 101 at the bottom of the body housing 1, the bottom of the pressing block 8 protrudes downward and has a folded-in inclined elevation corresponding to the inner wall protruding downward at the bottom of the front end of the housing base plate 101, and the pressing block 8 is fastened at the rear end edge of the housing base plate 101 by a screw. The compression block 8 is combined with the body shell 1 to fasten the body shell 1 to a machine tool workbench. The design and the clamping of the body housing 1 can be varied according to the design of the different machine tools.
In the embodiment of the utility model, the outer set screw 19 arranged on the body shell 1 is loosened, the rear end of the screw shaft 12 is rotated by a wrench, the inner pressure ring 9 drives the sleeve cylinder body 2 to move back and forth in the cylinder sleeve 103 of the body shell 1, and then the first supporting block 5 is driven to move back and forth, so that the first supporting block 5 can contact and support one side surface of the workpiece 3. At the same time, the lifting screw 20 is screwed to swing the lever 4 around the shaft pin 7, and thus the second supporting block 6 is moved up and down so as to contact the other side partial surface of the workpiece 3 and support the workpiece 3. The bearing surfaces of the first support block 5 and the second support block 6 form a composite supporting structure with an included angle smaller than 90 degrees and an opening basically facing the cutting force direction so as to support the workpiece 3 and prevent the workpiece from yielding under the action of the cutting force.
Preferably, the lifting screw 20 is a m10×45 knurled flat head screw. The inner pressure ring 9, the outer pressure ring 14, the screw rod shaft 12 and the sleeve cylinder body 2 are repair parts, and the inner pressure ring 9 and the outer pressure ring 14 enable the screw rod shaft 12 and the sleeve cylinder body 2 to flexibly rotate and move under the condition that no obvious axial movement exists between the screw rod shaft 12 and the sleeve cylinder body 2, and no obvious blocking phenomenon exists.
In this embodiment, the screw hole for clear explanation is regarded as a countersink with a bore diameter of 5mm to 10mm and a depth of 7mm to 12 mm.
Based on the above examples of the present utility model, although the embodiments of the present utility model have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.