CN223321411U - Battery cells, battery devices and electrical equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a battery monomer, a battery device and electric equipment, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The battery unit comprises a shell and a fire extinguishing medium, wherein the shell comprises an end cover assembly and a shell, an accommodating space is defined by the end cover assembly and the shell, the end cover assembly is provided with a cavity communicated with the accommodating space, and the fire extinguishing medium is arranged in the accommodating space and/or the cavity. The battery cell, the battery device and the electric equipment provided by the application aim to quickly respond at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery cell, reduce the risk of spreading the thermal runaway of a single battery cell to an adjacent battery cell and improve the reliability of the battery cell.

Description

Battery monomer, battery device and electric equipment

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery monomer, a battery device and electric equipment.

Background

With the development of new energy, more and more fields adopt new energy as power. Because of the advantages of high energy density, recycling charging, safety, environmental protection and the like, the power battery is widely applied to the fields of new energy vehicles, consumer electronics, energy storage systems and the like.

In the development of battery cell technology, in addition to improving the service performance of the battery cell, the reliability of the battery cell is also a problem to be considered. Therefore, how to improve the reliability of the battery cell is a continuous improvement in the battery device technology.

Disclosure of utility model

In view of the above problems, the present application provides a battery cell, a battery device, and an electric device, which can rapidly respond in an early stage of thermal runaway of the battery cell, reduce the risk of thermal runaway of a single battery cell spreading to an adjacent battery cell, and have higher reliability.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the application provides a battery monomer, which comprises a shell and a fire extinguishing medium, wherein the shell comprises an end cover assembly and a shell, an accommodating space is defined by the end cover assembly and the shell together, the end cover assembly is provided with a cavity communicated with the accommodating space, and the fire extinguishing medium is arranged in the accommodating space and/or the cavity.

According to the technical scheme, the fire extinguishing medium is arranged in the accommodating space and/or the cavity, so that the fire extinguishing medium can quickly sense the temperature change at the initial stage of fire occurrence, the fire response sensitivity of the fire extinguishing medium is improved, meanwhile, the fire extinguishing medium can directly act in the accommodating space, active fire extinguishing is realized at the initial stage of fire occurrence, the risk of spreading the thermal runaway of a single battery unit to adjacent battery units is reduced, and the reliability is higher.

In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing medium is connected to the end cap assembly, and at least a portion of the fire extinguishing medium protrudes from a surface of the end cap assembly adjacent to the receiving space. The design mode is characterized in that at least part of the structure of the fire extinguishing medium is directly arranged in the accommodating space, so that the speed of the fire extinguishing medium responding to the fire can be further reduced, the fire extinguishing medium can directly act on the fire occurrence position, and the risk of large-scale fire of the battery monomer due to thermal runaway is reduced.

In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing medium is disposed within the cavity. Through setting up the fire extinguishing medium with in the cavity, can separate the fire extinguishing medium with other components in the accommodation space, reduce the influence of fire extinguishing medium to battery monomer normal operating when no condition of a fire takes place to respond rapidly and put out a fire when the condition of a fire takes place.

In some embodiments, the end cap assembly includes an insulating member and an end cap stacked together, the insulating member being positioned on a side of the end cap adjacent to the receiving space, and the cavity being disposed in the insulating member. The end cover assembly comprises an insulating piece and an end cover which are overlapped, and the insulating sealing performance of the battery monomer can be met by designing the materials of the insulating piece and the end cover.

In some embodiments, the end cap is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the cavity is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism in the direction of stacking the insulator and the end cap. The arrangement mode can fully utilize the space of the pressure release mechanism, which is close to one side of the accommodating space, and does not need to design a space structure on the end cover assembly for the setting of the fire extinguishing medium, thereby being beneficial to improving the production efficiency of the battery monomers.

In some embodiments, the cavity is formed by bending the insulating member away from the end cover, and a communication channel is arranged between the cavity and the accommodating space and is arranged on the bottom wall and/or the side wall of the cavity. Through setting up the cavity and buckling from the insulating part to the direction that deviates from the end cover and form, can make full use of the clearance between electrode assembly and the end cover subassembly, the design space of extension cavity, and then can deposit the extinguishing medium of bigger dose, be favorable to the promotion of fire extinguishing effect.

In some embodiments, the communication channel is arranged at the bottom wall of the cavity and comprises a plurality of through grooves which are arranged at intervals in sequence, and at least part of the through grooves communicate the cavity with the accommodating space along the direction intersecting with the thickness direction of the bottom wall of the cavity. Through setting up the intercommunication passageway and including a plurality of logical grooves, and logical at least part in the groove along the crossing direction of diapire thickness direction with the cavity with cavity and accommodation space intercommunication, at least part logical groove is the groove structure that the slant set up promptly, is favorable to the heat of each position in the accommodation space to the diffusion in the cavity, has further promoted extinguishing medium's response sensitivity, simultaneously, also can promote extinguishing medium and arouse the back, to accommodation space diffusion's homogeneity, has further promoted extinguishing medium's fire extinguishing coverage and reliability.

In some embodiments, the insulation is a polyphenylene sulfide sheet, or a composite sheet of polypropylene and fiberglass. The insulating part has good heat resistance, is not easy to deform when a fire occurs, and can accurately act in the accommodating space after being excited, meanwhile, the insulating part material with higher heat resistance is favorable for blocking heat in a battery unit with thermal runaway, and the reliability is higher.

In some embodiments, the fire suppression media is adhered to the end cap assembly. The design mode is favorable to promoting the structural stability of the fire extinguishing medium, reduces the risk that the fire extinguishing medium breaks away from the design position when knocking, jolting and falling occur, and is favorable to promoting the fire extinguishing stability through the fire extinguishing medium.

In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing medium is a perfluorohexanone sheet, a heptafluoropropane sheet, a perfluoro (2-methyl-3-pentanone) sheet, or an ammonium polyphosphate sheet. So that the fire-retardant performance of the battery monomer can be enhanced after the fire-extinguishing medium is excited, and the reliability of the battery monomer in thermal runaway is further improved.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a battery device, including a battery cell provided in any of the foregoing embodiments.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, where the electrical device includes a battery device provided in any one of the foregoing embodiments, and the battery device is configured to provide electrical energy.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present application in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more readily apparent.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a battery device according to an embodiment of the application;

fig. 3 is a schematic exploded view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of an end cap assembly in a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of an end cap assembly in a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of an insulating member in a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion a of the battery cell shown in fig. 6.

Reference numerals illustrate 1, vehicle, 2000, controller, 3000, motor, 1000, battery device, 200, box, 201, first part, 202, second part;

100. 10, a shell, 11, an end cover assembly, 111, an insulating piece, 1111, a pressure release mechanism, 112, an end cover, 12, a shell, 13, an electrode assembly, 20 and a fire extinguishing medium;

101. the device comprises an accommodating space, 102, a cavity, 103, a communication channel, 1031 and a through groove.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the application will be readily understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. The present application may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application, whereby the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that, if any, these terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., are used herein with respect to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, these terms refer to the orientation or positional relationship for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application.

In addition, if the terms "and/or", "and/or" are merely an association relation describing the association object, it means that three kinds of relations may exist, for example, a and/or B, and it may mean that a exists alone, while a and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship. These terms "first," "second," if any, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the terms "plurality" and "a plurality" if any, mean at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present application, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly. For example, they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally formed, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and communicated between two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements unless clearly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the meaning of a first feature being "on" or "off" a second feature, and the like, is that the first and second features are either in direct contact or in indirect contact through an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

It will be understood that if an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. If an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein, if any, are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent a unique embodiment.

Compared with other types of batteries such as lead acid, cadmium and nickel, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of large specific capacity, high working voltage, high charging speed, wide working temperature range, long cycle life, small volume, light weight and the like. Not only is it widely used in portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, digital video cameras and portable computers, but also in large and medium-sized electric devices such as electric automobiles, electric bicycles and electric tools. However, the safety of lithium batteries is an important factor affecting the development thereof.

The positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery is generally rich in lithium manganese base, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate and lithium iron phosphate, the negative electrode is generally graphite and silicon carbon composite material, lithium ions are separated from the positive electrode material in the charging process, and are inserted into the negative electrode material through electrolyte and a diaphragm, so that the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery in a fully charged state has strong oxidizing property, and the negative electrode has strong reducing property. The electrolyte is LiPF6, the LiPF6 is easy to decompose when heated and sensitive to water, the electrolyte solvent is generally carbonate organic solvent, the flash point is low, and under the conditions of overcharge, overdischarge, overheat and the like of the battery, the thermal runaway in the battery can be possibly caused, so that the combustion and even the deflagration of the battery can be caused.

In order to solve the problem of combustion or even deflagration of the battery caused by thermal runaway, the related art generally adopts a mode of embedding a fire extinguishing medium in a plastic part of an end cover assembly, so that after the thermal runaway occurs in a battery cell or a battery module, the plastic part is heated and melted to release the fire extinguishing medium, and then the fire is controlled.

However, researches show that the fire-retarding and fire-extinguishing mode of the related art cannot block fire timely, namely, after the temperature rises enough to melt the plastic part of the end cover assembly, the fire-extinguishing medium embedded in the end cover assembly can be released, and flame retarding, fire extinguishing and explosion-proof measures are carried out on the battery monomer with thermal runaway, so that the battery monomer has certain hysteresis. Meanwhile, the melting point of the related art end cap assembly plastic is generally between 160 to 170 ℃, and when the thermal runaway of the battery cells occurs and the temperature reaches 160 to 170 ℃, the difficulty of performing fire-extinguishing remedial measures is increased, and there is a risk that the thermal radiation spreads to other battery cells which do not occur thermal runaway.

Based on the above considerations, the inventor has designed a battery monomer through intensive research, sets up fire extinguishing medium in the free accommodation space of battery and/or cavity, and when the battery monomer appears thermal runaway, fire extinguishing medium again can respond to the condition of a fire in time, carries out fire-retardant, fire extinguishing etc. control measures to the part that takes place thermal runaway in the battery monomer, reduces the risk that the condition of a fire further enlarges, has promoted the free reliability of battery.

The battery monomer disclosed by the embodiment of the application can be used in electric equipment such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts, but is not limited to the electric equipment.

The embodiment of the application provides electric equipment using a battery device as a power supply, wherein the electric equipment can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet personal computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric automobile, a ship, a spacecraft and the like. Among them, the electric toy may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game machines, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric plane toys, and the like, and the spacecraft may include planes, rockets, space planes, and spacecraft, and the like.

For convenience of description, the following embodiment will take a powered device according to an embodiment of the present application as an example of the vehicle 1.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the application. The vehicle 1 can be a fuel oil vehicle, a fuel gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle or a range-extending vehicle. The battery device 1000 is provided in the interior of the vehicle 1, and the battery device 1000 may be provided at the bottom or at the head or at the tail of the vehicle 1. The battery device 1000 may be used for power supply of the vehicle 1, for example, the battery device 1000 may serve as an operating power source of the vehicle 1. The vehicle 1 may further include a controller 2000 and a motor 3000, the controller 2000 being configured to control the battery device 1000 to power the motor 3000, for example, for operating power requirements during starting, navigation and driving of the vehicle 1.

In some embodiments of the present application, the battery device 1000 may not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1, providing driving power for the vehicle 1 instead of or in part instead of fuel oil or natural gas.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a battery device according to an embodiment of the application. The battery device 1000 includes a case 200 and a battery cell 100, and the battery cell 100 is accommodated in the case 200. The case 200 is used to provide an accommodating space for the battery cell 100, and the case 200 may have various structures. In some embodiments, the case 200 may include a first portion 201 and a second portion 202, the first portion 201 and the second portion 202 being overlapped with each other, the first portion 201 and the second portion 202 together defining an accommodating space for accommodating the battery cell 100. The second portion 202 may be a hollow structure with one end open, the first portion 201 may be a plate-shaped structure, and the first portion 201 covers the open side of the second portion 202, so that the first portion 201 and the second portion 202 together define a containing space, and the first portion 201 and the second portion 202 may be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first portion 201 covers the open side of the second portion 202. Of course, the case 200 formed by the first portion 201 and the second portion 202 may be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, etc.

In the battery device 1000, the plurality of battery cells 100 may be plural, and the plurality of battery cells 100 may be connected in series or parallel or in series-parallel, and the series-parallel refers to that the plurality of battery cells 100 are connected in both series and parallel. The plurality of battery cells 100 can be directly connected in series or parallel or in parallel-series connection, and then the whole formed by the plurality of battery cells 100 is accommodated in the box 200, however, the battery device 1000 can also be in a form of a battery module formed by connecting the plurality of battery cells 100 in series or parallel or in parallel-series connection, and then the plurality of battery modules are connected in series or parallel or in parallel-series connection to form a whole and are accommodated in the box 200. The battery device 1000 may further include other structures, for example, the battery device 1000 may further include a bus bar member for making electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells 100.

Each of the battery cells 100 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery, and may be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto. The battery cell 100 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped, or other shapes, etc.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic exploded view illustrating a three-dimensional structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the application. The battery cell 100 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery. As shown in fig. 3, the battery cell 100 includes an end cap assembly 11, a case 12, an electrode assembly 13, and other functional components.

The end cap assembly 11 refers to a member that is capped at the opening of the case 12 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 100 from the external environment. Without limitation, the shape of the end cap assembly 11 may be adapted to the shape of the housing 12 to fit the housing 12. Alternatively, the end cap assembly 11 may be made of a material having a certain hardness and strength (such as an aluminum alloy), so that the end cap assembly 11 is not easily deformed when being extruded and collided, and the battery cell 100 has a higher structural strength and improved safety. The cap assembly 11 may be provided with functional parts such as electrode terminals and the like. The electrode terminals may be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 13 for outputting or inputting electric power of the battery cell 100. In some embodiments, the end cap assembly 11 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for relieving the internal pressure of the battery cell 100 when the internal pressure or temperature reaches a threshold. The material of the end cap assembly 11 may be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.

The case 12 is an assembly for mating with the end cap assembly 11 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 100, wherein the formed internal environment may be used to house the electrode assembly 13, electrolyte, and other components. The case 12 and the end cap assembly 11 may be separate components, and an opening may be provided in the case 12, and the interior of the battery cell 100 may be formed by covering the opening with the end cap assembly 11 at the opening. It is also possible to integrate the end cap assembly 11 and the housing 12, but specifically, the end cap assembly 11 and the housing 12 may form a common connection surface before other components are put into the housing, and when it is necessary to encapsulate the inside of the housing 12, the end cap assembly 11 is then covered with the housing 12. The housing 12 may be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylindrical, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the case 12 may be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 13. The material of the housing 12 may be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.

The electrode assembly 13 is a component in which electrochemical reactions occur in the battery cell 100. One or more electrode assemblies 13 may be contained within the case 12. The electrode assembly 13 is mainly formed by winding or stacking a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, and a separator is generally provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. The parts of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate with active substances form the main body part of the battery cell assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate without active substances form the electrode lugs respectively. The positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may be located at one end of the main body portion together or located at two ends of the main body portion respectively. During charge and discharge of the battery, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tab is connected with the electrode terminal to form a current loop.

Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 4 in combination, fig. 4 is an exploded perspective view of an end cap assembly in a battery cell according to an embodiment of the application.

The embodiment of the application provides a battery unit 100, the battery unit 100 comprises a shell 10 and a fire extinguishing medium 20, wherein the shell 10 comprises an end cover assembly 11 and a shell 12, the end cover assembly 11 and the shell 12 jointly enclose a containing space 101, the end cover assembly 11 is provided with a cavity 102 communicated with the containing space 101, and the fire extinguishing medium 20 is arranged in the containing space 101 and/or the cavity 102.

The housing 10 is an external structural member in the battery cell 100 for defining the external structure of the battery cell 100 and providing a relatively stable and sealed operating environment for the normal operation of the battery cell 100.

The housing 10 includes an end cap assembly 11 and a shell 12, where the end cap assembly 11 and the shell 12 together define a receiving space 101, and in these embodiments of the present application, only the shell 12 is taken as an open end structure, and the end cap assembly 11 is disposed at the open end of the shell 12 to form a sealed receiving space 101 as an example. In some embodiments, the housing 12 may be configured to have two open ends, where the number of end cap assemblies 11 is two, and the two end cap assemblies 11 are respectively disposed on two open ends of the housing 12.

The end cap assembly 11 is provided with a cavity 102 communicating with the accommodating space 101, and in a possible embodiment, the interior of the end cap assembly 11 is provided with a hollow structure, which is communicated with the accommodating space 101 through a channel so as to facilitate heat exchange between the accommodating space 101 and the cavity 102, or in some embodiments, a blind groove, a blind hole or the like structure may be provided on the surface of the end cap assembly 11 close to the accommodating space 101, where the blind groove or the blind hole structure is the cavity 102.

The fire extinguishing medium 20 is used for heating and exciting the fire extinguishing medium 20 when abnormal conditions such as overheating, short circuit and the like occur in the electrode assembly 13 in the accommodating space 101, absorbing heat by phase change and releasing free radicals capable of capturing fuel combustion into the accommodating space 101, thereby providing self-excitation fire extinguishing measures for thermal runaway occurring in the accommodating space 101 and reducing the risk of continuous development and spread of fire.

In these embodiments of the application, the extinguishing medium 20 may be, but is not limited to, granular, block or plate-like.

The fire extinguishing medium 20 is disposed in the accommodating space 101 and/or the cavity 102, wherein in the embodiment in which the fire extinguishing medium 20 is disposed in the accommodating space 101, it may be implemented that the fire extinguishing medium 20 is disposed on the surface of the end cap assembly 11 near the accommodating space 101 and/or the sidewall of the case 12 corresponds to the gap between the electrode assembly 13 and the end cap assembly 11, so that the fire extinguishing medium 20 is directly disposed in the accommodating space 101 and may be further excited at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery cell 100, thus improving the sensitivity of the fire extinguishing medium 20 to thermal runaway, and controlling and extinguishing the fire at the initial stage of thermal runaway.

Accordingly, since the cavity 102 is communicated with the accommodating space 101, the cavity 102 can directly exchange heat with the accommodating space 101, and the sensitivity of the fire extinguishing medium 20 to the heat change induction in the accommodating space 101 can be improved by arranging the fire extinguishing medium 20 in the cavity 102, and the fire extinguishing medium can be excited at the initial stage of the thermal runaway of the battery cell 100, so that the sensitivity of the fire extinguishing medium 20 to the thermal runaway is improved, and the fire is controlled and eliminated at the initial stage of the thermal runaway.

In an embodiment in which the extinguishing medium 20 is arranged in the cavity 102, the cavity 102 may be utilized as a receiving structure for the extinguishing medium 20, in which case the extinguishing medium 20 may be enclosed in the hollow space when the end cap assembly 11 is formed.

In this way, the risk of the fire extinguishing medium 20 contacting with other components such as the electrolyte in the accommodating space 101 and the electrode assembly 13 can be reduced, which is beneficial to maintaining the performance of the fire extinguishing medium 20 itself, and pollution to the electrolyte or influence on the normal operation of the electrode assembly 13 can be reduced.

In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing medium 20 may be disposed in both the accommodating space 101 and the cavity 102, so as to further increase the response rate of the battery cell 100 to fire and the fire extinguishing effect.

According to the battery cell 100 provided by the embodiment of the application, the fire extinguishing medium 20 is arranged in the accommodating space 101 and/or the cavity 102, so that the fire extinguishing medium 20 can rapidly sense the temperature change at the initial stage of fire, the fire response sensitivity of the fire extinguishing medium 20 is improved, meanwhile, the arrangement mode can enable the fire extinguishing medium 20 to directly act in the accommodating space 101, active fire extinguishing is realized at the initial stage of fire, the risk that the thermal runaway of a single battery cell 100 spreads to the adjacent battery cell 100 is reduced, and the reliability is higher.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5 in combination, fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of an end cap assembly in a battery cell according to another embodiment of the application.

In some embodiments, the extinguishing medium 20 is connected to the end cap assembly 11, and at least part of the extinguishing medium 20 protrudes from the surface of the end cap assembly 11 near the receiving space 101.

At least part of the extinguishing medium 20 protrudes from the surface of the end cap assembly 11 near the receiving space 101, so that the extinguishing medium 20 can directly sense a temperature change in the receiving space 101, thereby sensing a fire in the receiving space 101 more quickly.

That is, a portion of the fire extinguishing medium 20 may be provided in the cap assembly 11 by being embedded, and a portion exposed to the cap assembly 11 and protruding from the cap assembly 11 is provided in the receiving space 101. At this time, the portion of the fire extinguishing medium 20 embedded in the end cover assembly 11 can greatly stabilize the structure of the fire extinguishing medium 20, when a fire occurs in the accommodating space 101, the portion of the fire extinguishing medium 20 arranged in the accommodating space 101 is heated and excited first, and when the portion of the fire extinguishing medium 20 is consumed, the portion of the fire extinguishing medium 20 embedded in the end cover assembly 11 is exposed out of the accommodating space 101 and further continues to be excited to absorb heat in the accommodating space 101.

In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing medium 20 may be disposed entirely in the accommodating space 101, so that when a fire occurs in the accommodating space 101, the fire extinguishing medium 20 is excited entirely, and responds to the fire more quickly, thereby controlling and extinguishing the fire in the early stage of the occurrence of thermal runaway.

The fire extinguishing medium 20 is connected with the end cover assembly 11, and in a possible implementation manner, a clamping groove structure is arranged on the surface, close to the accommodating space 101, of the end cover assembly 11, the fire extinguishing medium 20 is fixedly connected with the clamping groove structure in a clamping mode, or a metal wire structure is pre-buried in the end cover assembly 11 during forming, and the fire extinguishing medium 20 is coated on the outer surface of the metal wire structure so as to realize connection of the fire extinguishing medium 20 and the end cover assembly 11.

In some embodiments, the fire suppression medium 20 is disposed within the cavity 102.

The cavity 102 may be a hollow structure formed in the central portion of the end cover assembly 11, and a side wall body of the cavity 102, which is close to the accommodating space 101, is formed with a communication structure such as a through hole and a through groove. In these embodiments of the present application, it is possible to improve the angle at which the fire extinguishing medium 20 is sprayed toward the accommodating space 101 after being excited while sealing the fire extinguishing medium 20 in the cavity 102 by designing the aforementioned communication structures of the through holes, the through grooves, etc., so that the fire extinguishing medium 20 covers a larger range as much as possible.

In these embodiments of the present application, the number of the cavities 102 may be, but not limited to, one, two or three, and may be selectively designed according to the size of the cap assembly 11 and the size of the cavities 102, so that the fire extinguishing medium 20 can cover most of the space of the accommodating space 101 when excited.

According to the battery cell 100 provided by the embodiment of the application, the fire extinguishing medium 20 is arranged in the cavity 102, so that the fire extinguishing medium 20 can be separated from other components in the accommodating space 101, the influence of the fire extinguishing medium 20 on the normal operation of the battery cell 100 is reduced when no fire occurs, and the fire extinguishing can be rapidly responded and performed when the fire occurs.

In some embodiments, the end cap assembly 11 includes an insulating member 111 and an end cap 112 stacked together, the insulating member 111 is located on a side of the end cap 112 adjacent to the accommodating space 101, and the cavity 102 is disposed in the insulating member 111.

The end cap assembly 11 includes an insulating member 111 and an end cap 112 stacked together, and in these embodiments of the present application, the insulating member 111 may be made of plastic, and the end cap 112 may be made of conductive metal such as aluminum, magnesium, or stainless steel. In this way, the electrode assembly 13 in the accommodating space 101 can be electrically connected with the outside through the conductive terminal disposed on the end cover 112, and the insulation performance of the battery cell 100 can be improved through the plastic insulation member 111, and meanwhile, the plastic insulation member 111 can also reduce the overall weight of the battery cell 100, which is beneficial to improving the weight energy density of the battery cell 100.

On this basis, the end cap assembly 11 may also be used to close off the open end of the case 12 to form a sealed and stable receiving space 101, providing a stable and sealed working environment for the operation of the electrode assembly 13. In some embodiments, structures such as a liquid injection hole, a pole avoidance hole, a pressure release mechanism mounting hole, and the like, which are communicated with the accommodating space 101, may also be formed on the end cover assembly 11.

The insulating member 111 is located at one side of the end cap 112 near the accommodating space 101, and the cavity 102 is provided at the insulating member 111, so that the cavity 102 is located near the accommodating space 101, which is advantageous for the communication design of the space (cavity 102) where the fire extinguishing medium 20 is located and the accommodating space 101.

In these embodiments of the application, the insulation 111 may have an outer contour dimension slightly smaller than the end cap 112 in the direction in which the insulation 111 is stacked with the end cap 112, such that the end cap 112 covers the insulation 111. The insulating piece 111 and the end cover 112 can be formed in the ultrasonic welding process of the pole, so that the insulating piece 111 and the end cover 112 directly obtain more excellent binding force, and the structural consistency of the end cover assembly 11 is improved.

In some embodiments, the end cap 112 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 1111, and the cavity 102 is disposed opposite the pressure relief mechanism 1111 in the stacking direction of the insulating member 111 and the end cap 112.

The pressure release mechanism 1111 is configured to be opened when the pressure in the accommodating space 101 is too high, so as to release the pressure in the accommodating space 101, and reduce the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100 due to the excessive internal pressure.

Along the stacking direction of the insulating member 111 and the end cap 112, the cavity 102 is disposed opposite to the pressure release mechanism 1111, and by defining the relative position between the cavity 102 and the pressure release mechanism 1111, the fire extinguishing medium 20 is disposed opposite to the pressure release mechanism 1111 in the stacking direction of the insulating member 111 and the end cap 112.

In the related art, since the pressure release mechanism 1111 needs to sense a pressure change in the accommodating space 101, it is generally necessary to keep a space away at a position where the insulating member 111 is provided corresponding to the pressure release mechanism 1111 so that the pressure release mechanism 1111 can communicate with the accommodating space 101 and sense a pressure change of the accommodating space 101.

In these embodiments of the present application, the placement of the cavity 102 opposite the pressure relief mechanism 1111 is intended to take full advantage of the aforementioned void space on the insulator 111, reducing the profile design to the end cap assembly 11. Meanwhile, after the pressure release mechanism 1111 is triggered to take effect, a channel for conducting the accommodating space 101 with the outside is formed on the end cover assembly 11, and in the embodiment of the application, the fire extinguishing medium 20 is arranged at the position corresponding to the pressure release mechanism 1111, and a barrier can be provided for the battery cell 100, so that heat in the accommodating space 101 is difficult to radiate outwards through the channel formed by the pressure release mechanism 1111 in effect, and the continuous spreading of fire can be effectively inhibited.

Meanwhile, such an arrangement may allow the pressure relief mechanism 1111 to open the relief pressure when the internal pressure increases sharply due to abnormal gas production of the battery cell 100. At this time, the fire extinguishing medium 20 can also buffer the impact of high-temperature gas and flame sprayed from the pressure release mechanism 1111 to the outside, the excitation of the fire extinguishing medium 20 helps to reduce the rising rate of the internal pressure of the battery cell 100, so that the opening process of the pressure release mechanism 1111 is more stable, the risk of secondary damage caused by sudden pressure change of the battery cell 100 is reduced, and the probability of splashing of electrolyte in the battery cell 100 is reduced.

Of course, in these embodiments of the present application, in addition to the cavities 102 being provided at positions opposed to the pressure release mechanism 1111 in the stacking direction of the insulating member 111 and the end caps 112, the cavities 102 may be provided at other positions of the insulating member 111 to jointly extinguish a fire with the fire extinguishing medium 20 in each cavity 102. That is, at least one cavity 102 is provided at a position where the insulating member 111 is opposed to the pressure release mechanism 1111 in the stacking direction of the insulating member 111 and the end cap 112.

In some embodiments, the cavity 102 is formed by bending the insulating member 111 away from the end cover 112, and a communication channel 103 is provided between the cavity 102 and the accommodating space 101, where the communication channel 103 is provided at a bottom wall and/or a side wall of the cavity 102.

The cavity 102 is formed by bending the insulating member 111 away from the end cap 112, which means a cavity having a hollow structure formed inside the insulating member 111, unlike the previous embodiments, in which the whole of the cavity 102 is formed by protruding from the insulating member 111 toward the receiving space 101. Thus, the cavity 102 includes a side wall formed by bending from the insulator 111 in a direction away from the end cap 112, and a bottom wall formed by bending again from the side wall.

In these embodiments of the present application, since the cavity 102 is integrally formed to protrude in a direction approaching the accommodating space 101, the communication passage 103 may be provided at the bottom wall and/or the side wall of the cavity 102, and communication between the cavity 102 and the accommodating space 101 may be achieved.

In the embodiment in which the communication channel 103 is disposed at the bottom wall of the cavity 102, the cavity 102 is directed to the electrode assembly 13 through the communication channel 103, so that the fire extinguishing medium 20 can directly act on the electrode assembly 13 through the communication channel 103 when a fire occurs, and in the embodiment in which the communication channel 103 is disposed at the side wall of the cavity 102, the cavity 102 is directed to the side wall of the shell 12 through the communication channel 103, so that contact between the fire extinguishing medium 20 and the electrolyte can be reduced in the production stage and the normal working stage of the battery cell 100, and the risk of mutual interference between the fire extinguishing medium 20 and the electrolyte can be reduced, and the arrangement mode can be freely selected according to the use situation requirements of the battery cell 100.

In some embodiments, the communication channels 103 are in a porous structure, or the communication channels 103 are in a grid structure.

The communication channel 103 is in a porous structure, that is, the communication channel 103 is formed by a plurality of small holes which are arranged at intervals, and the small holes are arranged at intervals, so as to form a porous structure which can support the fire extinguishing medium 20 and can be used for emitting the fire extinguishing medium 20 after the fire extinguishing medium 20 is excited.

In these embodiments of the application, each of the aforementioned apertures may be provided with a circular, oval, triangular or rectangular cross-sectional shape, but are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, a plurality of small hole arrays may be provided to distribute the fire-extinguishing medium 20 more evenly out of the cavity 102 when excited.

The communication channel 103 is in a grid structure, which means that the cross section of the communication channel 103 can be in a plurality of grid-shaped communication structures, and the grid-shaped communication structures can be arranged at intervals or staggered.

The webbed strip-shaped communication structure can extend along a straight line or along a curve. Illustratively, in some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the communication channel 103 may be configured in a plurality of straight structures disposed in parallel with each other at intervals, or the cross-sectional shape of the communication channel 103 may be configured to substantially take a plurality of concentric circles that are sequentially nested, or the cross-sectional shape of the communication channel 103 may be configured to substantially take a staggered straight structure. The above may be freely selected according to the actual needs of the battery cell 100.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7 in combination, fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an insulating member in a battery cell according to an embodiment of the application, and fig. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion a of the battery cell shown in fig. 6.

In some embodiments, the communication channel 103 is disposed at the bottom wall of the cavity 102 and includes a plurality of through grooves 1031 disposed at intervals in sequence, and at least a portion of the through grooves 1031 communicate the cavity 102 with the accommodating space 101 in a direction intersecting the thickness direction of the bottom wall of the cavity 102.

The communication channel 103 includes a plurality of through grooves 1031 sequentially arranged at intervals, that is, the cross-sectional shape of the communication channel 103 is in a plurality of straight structures arranged parallel to each other at intervals, which is easy to form, and the bottom wall of the cavity 102 is more stable.

In these embodiments of the present application, at least a part of the through grooves 1031 communicate the cavity 102 with the accommodating space 101 along a direction intersecting with the thickness direction of the bottom wall of the cavity 102, that is, in the part of the through grooves 1031, the groove walls of the through grooves 1031 intersect with the thickness direction of the bottom wall of the cavity 102, that is, at least a part of the through grooves 1031 are inclined groove bodies, so that the direction of the fire extinguishing medium 20 after being excited and being emitted out of the cavity 102 can be changed, so that the fire extinguishing medium 20 after being excited can cover a larger range of the accommodating space 101, and the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing medium 20 after being excited is further improved.

Illustratively, the number of the through grooves 1031 is five, and the cross-sectional shapes of the five through grooves 1031 are parallel to each other and are spaced apart from each other. The five through grooves 1031 are sequentially marked as a first through groove, a second through groove, a third through groove, a fourth through groove and a fifth through groove along the arrangement sequence.

The third through-grooves 1031 may be formed at the center of the plurality of through-grooves, and the walls of the third through-grooves may be parallel to the thickness direction of the bottom wall of the cavity 102, so that the excited fire extinguishing medium 20 may directly act on the center of the electrode assembly 13 near the end cap assembly 11 when being discharged through the third through-grooves.

The second through slot and the fourth through slot are located at two sides of the third through slot, at this time, the slot walls of the second through slot and the fourth through slot may intersect with the thickness direction of the bottom wall of the cavity 102, and one end close to the cavity 102 is closer to the third through slot than one end close to the accommodating space 101, so as to form an "outward" injection structure, so that the excited fire extinguishing medium 20 can cover a wider range of the electrode assembly 13 "outward" when being injected through the second through slot or the fourth through slot.

The first through groove and the fifth through groove are disposed in a similar manner to the second through groove and the fourth through groove, respectively, and in these embodiments of the present application, the slope of the first through groove and the fifth through groove may be set to be greater, so as to further increase the coverage of the electrode assembly 13 by the communication channel 103.

In the present application, the number of the through grooves 1031 is only five as an example, and in some embodiments, the number of the first through grooves, the second through grooves, the third through grooves, the fourth through grooves, and the fifth through grooves may be plural.

According to the battery unit 100 provided by the embodiment of the application, the communication channel 103 comprises the plurality of through grooves 1031, and at least part of the through grooves 1031 are used for communicating the cavity 102 with the accommodating space 101 along the oblique direction, so that the heat at each position in the accommodating space 101 is beneficial to diffusing into the cavity 102, the response sensitivity of the fire extinguishing medium 20 is further improved, and meanwhile, the uniformity of diffusion into the accommodating space 101 after the fire extinguishing medium 20 is excited can also be improved, and the fire extinguishing coverage and reliability of the fire extinguishing medium 20 are further improved.

In some embodiments, the insulator 111 is a polyphenylene sulfide sheet material, or a composite sheet material of polypropylene and fiberglass.

The arrangement mode can enable the insulating piece 111 to have good heat resistance, is not easy to deform due to heat when a fire occurs, enables the fire extinguishing medium 20 to accurately act in the accommodating space 101 after being excited, and meanwhile, the insulating piece 111 material with higher heat resistance is beneficial to blocking the heat in the battery cell 100 with thermal runaway, slows down the radiation rate of the heat to other battery cells 100, and is higher in reliability.

In some embodiments, the fire suppressing medium 20 is adhered to the end cap assembly 11.

The design mode is favorable for improving the structural stability of the fire extinguishing medium 20, reduces the risk that the fire extinguishing medium 20 breaks away from the design position when knocks, jolts and falls occur, and is favorable for improving the fire extinguishing stability of the fire extinguishing medium 20.

In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing medium 20 is a perfluorohexanone sheet, a heptafluoropropane sheet, a perfluoro (2-methyl-3-pentanone) sheet, or an ammonium polyphosphate sheet. So that the fire extinguishing medium 20 can enhance the flame retardant performance of the battery cell 100 after being excited, and further improve the reliability of the battery cell 100 when thermal runaway occurs.

The embodiment of the application also provides a battery device 1000, and the battery device 1000 includes the battery cell 100 provided in any of the foregoing embodiments.

The embodiment of the application also provides an electric device, which comprises the battery device 1000 provided by any of the previous embodiments, wherein the battery device 1000 is used for providing electric energy.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7 in combination, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 100, where the battery cell 100 includes a housing 10 and a fire extinguishing medium 20, the housing 10 includes an end cap assembly 11 and a housing 12, the end cap assembly 11 and the housing 12 together enclose a containing space 101, the end cap assembly 11 is provided with a cavity 102 communicating with the containing space 101, and the fire extinguishing medium 20 is disposed in the containing space 101 and/or the cavity 102.

The fire extinguishing medium 20 is used for heating and exciting the fire extinguishing medium 20 when abnormal conditions such as overheating, short circuit and the like occur in the electrode assembly 13 in the accommodating space 101, absorbing heat by phase change and releasing free radicals capable of capturing fuel combustion into the accommodating space 101, thereby providing self-excitation fire extinguishing measures for thermal runaway occurring in the accommodating space 101 and reducing the risk of continuous development and spread of fire.

The fire extinguishing medium 20 is disposed in the accommodating space 101 and/or the cavity 102, wherein in the embodiment in which the fire extinguishing medium 20 is disposed in the accommodating space 101, it may be implemented that the fire extinguishing medium 20 is disposed on the surface of the end cap assembly 11 near the accommodating space 101 and/or the sidewall of the case 12 corresponds to the gap between the electrode assembly 13 and the end cap assembly 11, so that the fire extinguishing medium 20 is directly disposed in the accommodating space 101 and may be further excited at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the battery cell 100, thus improving the sensitivity of the fire extinguishing medium 20 to thermal runaway, and controlling and extinguishing the fire at the initial stage of thermal runaway.

The fire extinguishing medium 20 can be a perfluoro-hexanone sheet material, so that the fire retardant performance of the battery monomer 100 can be enhanced after the fire extinguishing medium 20 is excited, and the reliability of the battery monomer 100 in thermal runaway is further improved.

In some embodiments, the fire suppression medium 20 is disposed within the cavity 102.

The end cover assembly 11 comprises an insulating member 111 and an end cover 112 which are stacked, the insulating member 111 is located on one side of the end cover 112 close to the accommodating space 101, and the cavity 102 is arranged on the insulating member 111. In some embodiments, the insulating member 111 may be provided as a polyphenylene sulfide plate, so as to improve the heat insulation performance of the insulating member 111, reduce the probability of melting the insulating member 111 when a fire occurs, and improve the structural reliability of the end cover assembly 11.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. A battery cell, comprising: The housing comprises an end cap assembly and a shell, wherein the end cap assembly and the shell together enclose a receiving space, and the end cap assembly is provided with a cavity communicating with the receiving space; The fire extinguishing medium is arranged in the accommodating space and/or the cavity. 2 . The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the fire extinguishing medium is connected to the end cover assembly, and at least a portion of the fire extinguishing medium protrudes from a surface of the end cover assembly close to the accommodation space. 3 . The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the fire extinguishing medium is disposed in the cavity. 4 . The battery cell according to claim 3 , wherein the end cover assembly comprises a stacked insulating member and an end cover, the insulating member is located on a side of the end cover close to the accommodating space, and the cavity is provided in the insulating member. 5 . The battery cell according to claim 4 , further comprising a pressure relief mechanism, wherein the pressure relief mechanism is provided on the end cover, and along the stacking direction of the insulating member and the end cover, the cavity and the pressure relief mechanism are arranged opposite to each other. 6. The battery cell according to claim 4, wherein the cavity is formed by bending from the insulating member in a direction away from the end cover, and a communication channel is provided between the cavity and the accommodating space, and the communication channel is provided on the bottom wall and/or side wall of the cavity. 7. The battery cell according to claim 6, wherein the communication channel is provided on the bottom wall of the cavity and comprises a plurality of through grooves arranged sequentially and spaced apart; At least a portion of the through grooves connects the cavity with the accommodation space along a direction intersecting with a thickness direction of the bottom wall of the cavity. 8 . The battery cell according to claim 4 , wherein the insulating member is a polyphenylene sulfide sheet or a composite sheet of polypropylene and glass fiber. 9 . The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the fire extinguishing medium is bonded to the end cover assembly. 10 . The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the fire extinguishing medium is a perfluorohexanone sheet, a heptafluoropropane sheet, a perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) sheet, or an ammonium polyphosphate sheet. 11. A battery device, comprising the battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. An electrical device, comprising the battery device according to claim 11, wherein the battery device is used to provide electrical energy.