CN223135660U - A flat floor forming structure that is easy to disassemble and assemble - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of building templates, in particular to a planar floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble, which comprises a plurality of templates, upright posts and cross beams, wherein the templates form a rectangular template array, adjacent templates are fixedly connected through fastener penetrating connecting holes, the middle part of the template array is erected on the plurality of cross beams, two upright posts are arranged at two ends of the cross beams, and the tops of the upright posts are in positioning connection with the cross beams.

Description

Planar floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of building templates, in particular to a planar floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble.

Background

The planar template is one kind of template for use in building engineering and is used mainly in-situ cast concrete planar floor slab construction.

In the prior art, a full scaffold is generally built in advance, a wood plate is paved above the scaffold, and a plane template is paved above the wood plate, and the method has the following problems:

1. The full scaffold has dense laying density, complex erection and high labor cost.

2. The lower part can not pass after the scaffold is paved, workers can only climb the scaffold, and the safety is low.

3. The height adjustment of the full-hall scaffold is inconvenient, and the upright rod of each scaffold needs to be independently adjusted in height.

4. The reusable only planar template has fewer reusable components.

Disclosure of utility model

The utility model solves the problems of huge workload, lower safety, inconvenient height adjustment and few reusable parts in the actual construction process in the prior art, and provides a planar floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble.

The utility model is realized by the following technical proposal, a planar floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble comprises a plurality of templates, upright posts and cross beams,

The template comprises a template top surface, the template top surface is rectangular, a circle of template side surfaces extending downwards are connected around the template top plate, the template side surfaces are vertical to the template top surface, the template top surface and the template side surfaces enclosed with the template top surface form a cavity, connecting holes are arranged on two or three or four adjacent template side surfaces of the template, the connecting holes are horizontally arranged to be communicated from the cavity to the template side surfaces,

The template side surfaces of a plurality of templates are jointed in pairs to form a multi-row and multi-column rectangular template array, the lower bottom surfaces of all templates are coplanar, the positions of connecting holes on the template side surfaces of two adjacent templates are mutually matched, and are fastened and connected through the connecting holes by fasteners,

Four sides of the bottom surface of the template are defined as long sides and short sides according to the length, a plurality of cross beams are arranged in parallel, the cross beams at least form a support on the common sides of two adjacent rows of templates in the template array, the common sides are the long sides or the short sides of the templates,

The utility model discloses a building, including crossbeam, stand top and crossbeam, the both ends below of crossbeam respectively is provided with an stand, stand bottom support is on the floor, the stand can carry out altitude mixture control, stand top and crossbeam detachable connect or overlap joint, connect into a whole through the connecting piece between every stand and the adjacent stand.

Further, according to different working conditions, the outermost edge of the template array is erected on a main beam side die or an independent support or a cross beam.

Further, the independent support comprises a support rod and a top plate, the bottom of the support rod is supported on a floor, the support rod can be used for adjusting the height, the top of the support rod is provided with the top plate, the top plate is propped against the bottom surface of the edge or the corner of the outermost edge of the template array, and the support rod is connected with the adjacent support rod and the adjacent upright post into a whole through connecting pieces.

The cross beam is one of profile steel, steel truss girder, zhang Xuanliang or a combination thereof, and the profile steel comprises square tubes, I-steel and H-shaped steel, and the bearing capacity and the bending strength can meet the design requirements.

The stand is erected by the scaffold and comprises a vertical rod, a cross rod and a jacking, wherein the jacking is used for supporting the cross rod.

The pole setting is provided with a ring-shaped connecting disc capable of being buckled, and two ends of the cross rod are connected with the connecting disc of the pole setting through bolts.

The connecting piece is a cross bar for a scaffold.

The crossbeam is steel truss girder, is formed by many square pipe welding, the jacking includes lead screw, adjusting nut, U-shaped layer board, lead screw and adjusting nut meshing, the top of pole setting is inserted to the lead screw, the lead screw top is provided with the U-shaped layer board, the U-shaped layer board carries out the location support to the square pipe of steel truss girder.

The steel truss girder is an undetachable whole or is formed by splicing two detachable sections.

The inside latticed strengthening rib that is provided with of template top surface and template side can ensure that the template realizes higher bulk strength under less consumptive material.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

1. The multi-ribbed floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble is built into a plurality of rows of door-shaped frames through the upright posts and the cross beams, and the building efficiency is very high.

2. According to the utility model, each upright post and the adjacent upright posts are connected into a whole through the connecting piece, so that the strength of the upright posts is improved, and the requirement of high load is met.

3. The beam can adopt a steel truss girder structure, and can realize that less materials meet larger bearing requirements and bending resistance requirements.

4. The utility model cancels the full-hall scaffold, the self-walking hydraulic lifting vehicle can smoothly go without any obstacle, workers can stand on the self-walking hydraulic lifting vehicle to carry out installation work, the installation efficiency of the installation workers can be improved, and the utility model does not need to climb the scaffold, thereby being safer.

5. The side surfaces of the templates are provided with the through holes, and the templates are tightly connected through the through holes by the fasteners, so that the templates are tightly attached, and the problem of slurry leakage is avoided.

6. The length direction of the beam can be parallel to the long side of the template, can be perpendicular to the length direction of the template, can be optimally set according to actual span and load conditions, is flexible, and can save construction cost.

7. In the utility model, the templates, the upright posts and the cross beams can be repeatedly utilized, so that the construction cost is further reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top three-dimensional view of a form of an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a bottom three-dimensional view of a template according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the columns and beams in the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a front view of a column and beam of an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which two templates are set up;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which all templates are set up;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of two templates according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment with three templates set up;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment with three templates set up;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment with two templates set up;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the columns and beams in the sixth embodiment;

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the upright and the cross member in the seventh embodiment;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the column and the beam in the eighth embodiment.

In the figure:

10 templates, 11 template top surfaces, 12 template side surfaces, 13 connecting holes;

20 upright posts, 21 upright posts, 22 cross bars, 23 jacking, 231 screw rods, 232 adjusting nuts and 233U-shaped supporting plates;

A 30 beam;

A 41 girder side form, a 42 girder scaffold;

50 moving the platform;

60 independent supports, 61 support bars, 62 top plates.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a planar floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble comprises a formwork 10, upright posts 20 and a cross beam 30,

The construction background of the scheme is that four walls are already built, templates are required to be paved, construction preparation is carried out for pouring of floors, the scheme is used for templates 10, upright posts 20 and cross beams 30,

As shown in fig. 1-2, the template 10 includes a template top surface 11, the template top surface 11 is rectangular, a circle of template side surface 12 extending downwards is connected around the top plate of the template 10, the template side surface 12 is perpendicular to the template top surface 11, the template top surface 11 forms a cavity with the template side surface 12 enclosed with the template top surface 11, connecting holes 13 are formed in two or three or four adjacent template side surfaces 12 of the template 10, the connecting holes 13 are horizontally arranged and run through from the cavity to the template side surface 12, and grid-shaped reinforcing ribs are arranged inside the template top surface 11 and the template side surface 12, so that the template 10 can realize higher overall strength under less consumable materials.

The template sides 12 of a plurality of templates 10 are jointed in pairs to form a rectangular template array, the template array positioned on the corners of the template array is provided with two template sides 12 and is provided with connecting holes 13, three template sides 12 of the templates 10 on the edges are provided with connecting holes 13, four template sides 12 of the template 10 in the center are provided with connecting holes 13, no connecting holes 13 are formed in the template sides 12 on the periphery of the template array, or any template 10 is provided with four template sides 12 and is provided with connecting holes 13, and the periphery of the template sides 12 of the template array are plugged by plugs, so that slurry leakage of the peripheral connecting holes 13 can be avoided and the surface flatness of the building after demolding is guaranteed.

The lower bottom surfaces of all templates 10 are coplanar, the positions of connecting holes 13 on the template side surfaces 12 of two adjacent templates 10 are matched with each other, and the templates are fastened and connected through the connecting holes 13 by fasteners, in the scheme, square space width formed by four-side wall enclosure is 7200mm, three rows and seven columns of templates 10 with the length of 2400mm and the width of 800mm are arranged in the scheme, the size is just matched with the square space, the side surfaces of the template array are abutted against the four-side wall side surfaces, seven cross beams 30 are arranged below the template array, the seven cross beams 30 are mutually parallel, the two cross beams 30 support the bottom surfaces of the templates on the two sides on the outermost side of the template array, the two cross beams 30 support the common edges of the two short sides of the three rows of templates, and the three cross beams 30 support the middle parts of the three rows of templates 10. The steel truss girder is an undetachable whole or is formed by splicing two detachable sections. The steel truss girder is formed by welding. In this scheme, crossbeam 30 adopts steel truss girder structure in this scheme, adopts four parallel square pipes to add a plurality of straight props and bracing welding to form, and the weight of steel truss girder is lower under the same bearing requirement and bending resistance requirement, has the cost advantage, and is lower to the requirement of lifting device's bearing capacity moreover, more easy to assemble.

The utility model discloses a scaffold, including crossbeam 30, stand 20, connecting piece, horizontal pole 22 that the both ends below of crossbeam 30 respectively is provided with an stand 20, stand 20 bottom support is on the floor, stand 20 can carry out altitude mixture control, stand 20 top and crossbeam 30 detachable connect or overlap joint, connect into a whole through the connecting piece between every stand 20 and the adjacent stand 2, the connecting piece is the horizontal pole 22 that the scaffold was used. In this scheme, stand 20 is set up by the scaffold and is formed, including pole setting 21, horizontal pole 22, jacking 23. The upright rod 21 is provided with a ring-shaped connecting disc 24 capable of being buckled, and two ends of the cross rod 22 are connected with the connecting disc 24 of the upright rod 21 through bolts. The jacking 23 comprises a screw rod 231, an adjusting nut 232 and a U-shaped supporting plate 233, the screw rod 231 is meshed with the adjusting nut 232, the screw rod 231 is inserted into the top of the vertical rod 21, the U-shaped supporting plate 233 is arranged at the top end of the screw rod 231, and the U-shaped supporting plate 233 is used for carrying out positioning support on square tubes of the steel truss girder. The adjusting nut 232 is rotated to adjust the length of the screw rod 231 extending out of the upright rod 21, so that the height of the U-shaped supporting plate 233 is changed, the height of the cross beam 30 is adjusted, and the height of the cross beam 30 is used for meeting the construction requirement. Of course, in other embodiments, the jacking 23 may be configured in other structures, and may serve as a support for the cross beam.

In this scheme, stand 20 adopts the scene to set up, two stands 20 prop up a crossbeam 30, crossbeam 30 is as a prefabricated piece, wholly hoist and mount, template 10 lays on crossbeam 30 at last, and connect through fastener two by two, whole installation is very convenient, need not to set up full hall scaffold, the work load is less, and just because not full hall scaffold, consequently can set up the in-process, the workman can stand and operate on moving platform, compare with climbing on scaffold installation, safer, connect through the fastener between the template 10 moreover, connect closely, can not leak thick liquid.

The concrete construction method of the scheme comprises the following steps:

Before construction, prefabrication of the templates 10 and the beams 30 is completed according to construction requirements, parts required by the upright columns 20 are prepared, and the construction process comprises the steps of installing the upright columns 20 and connecting pieces, installing the beams 30 and installing the templates 10, wherein the upright columns 20, the beams 30 and the templates 10 adopt the structure of the first embodiment, and the construction process comprises the following steps:

1. The method comprises the steps of erecting upright posts 20, erecting fourteen upright posts 20 near walls, arranging the fourteen upright posts 20 into two parallel rows, arranging the two rows of upright posts 20 near two opposite walls respectively, enabling the center distance between the five adjacent upright posts 20 in the middle of each row to be consistent with the width of a supported template 10, erecting the two upright posts 20 on the most edge near corners, connecting each upright post 20 with the adjacent upright posts 20 into a whole through connecting pieces, wherein each upright post 20 consists of four upright posts 21, a plurality of cross bars 22 and a jacking 23, the center distance between the upright posts 21 is 300mm, the upright posts 21 are connected through the cross bars 22 in a disc-buckle mode, the cross bars 22 are fixed at connecting discs 24 on the upright posts 21 through bolts, the jacking 23 comprises a screw 231, an adjusting nut 232 and a U-shaped supporting plate 233, the adjusting nut 232 is meshed on the screw 231, the lower end of the screw 231 is inserted into the top of the upright posts 21, the adjusting nut 232 is rotated, the length of the screw extending out of the upright posts 21 can be adjusted, and the height of the U-shaped supporting plate 233 is changed. After the upright posts 20 are erected, adjacent upright posts 20 are fixedly connected through the cross bars 22, so that the overall stability of the upright posts 20 is ensured. Of course, in other embodiments, the jacking 23 may be configured in other structures, and may serve as a support for the cross beam.

2. The method comprises the steps of installing a beam 30, namely hoisting seven prefabricated beams 30, installing the beams on the tops of fourteen upright posts 20, adopting a steel truss girder structure for the beams 30, adopting four parallel square tubes, adding a plurality of straight struts and diagonal struts, welding the steel truss girder structure, hoisting the steel truss girder structure through a tower crane or other hoisting machinery, placing the square tubes of the steel truss girder on a U-shaped supporting plate 233, rotating an adjusting nut 232, and adjusting the length of a lead screw extending out of the upright posts 21, so that the height of the U-shaped supporting plate 233 is changed, and finally, the top height of the beam 30 meets construction requirements;

3. The method comprises the steps of installing templates 10, sequentially erecting templates 10 along one edge of a wall body from one corner of the four-sided wall body, attaching template side surfaces 12 of the templates 10 to the wall surface, sequentially erecting the rest templates 10 along the erected templates 10 or the edges of the wall body until the templates 10 are fully paved, erecting the edges of each template 10 on a beam 30, attaching the newly installed templates 10 to the attaching surfaces 15 of the installed templates 10 when each template 10 is installed from the second template 10, and fastening the two templates 10 through a fastener penetrating through a connecting hole 16. In this embodiment, for example, as shown in fig. 6, in order to build up two templates 10, the first template 10 is installed at a corner, the second template 10 is closely attached to the first template 10, and then is gradually built up along a transverse row, as shown in fig. 7, the template 10 is fully laid on the whole plane.

In this scheme, stand 20 adopts the scene to set up, stand 20 adopts the scaffold frame of dish knot, it is very convenient to install, crossbeam 30 hangs as a whole, two stands 20 support a crossbeam 30, template 10 lays on crossbeam 30 at last, and connect through the fastener pair by pair, whole installation is very convenient, need not to set up full hall scaffold frame, the work load is less, can realize assembling fast, and just because not full hall scaffold frame, consequently can be at the in-process of setting up, the workman can stand and operate on moving platform, with climbing is compared on scaffold frame installation safer. The templates 10 are connected through the connecting holes by the fasteners, so that the connection is tight, and slurry leakage is avoided. The upright post 20, the cross beam 30 and the template 10 can be reused, and after being used for a plurality of times, the cost can be reduced to be very low.

Example two

As shown in fig. 8, the difference from the first embodiment is that the number of the beams 30 is four, wherein two beams 30 support the bottom surfaces of the short sides of the two side templates 10 on the outermost side of the template array, wherein two beams 30 support the common sides of the two short sides of the three-row template, and the middle part of the long side of the template 10 is not supported.

Example III

As shown in fig. 9-10, the difference from the first embodiment is that the cross beam 30 is slightly shorter than the space between the walls, so that an additional row of independent supports 60 is added, the independent supports 60 comprise support rods 61 and top plates 62, the bottom of each support rod 61 is supported on the floor, the height of each support rod 61 can be adjusted, the top of each support rod 61 is provided with a top plate 62, the top plates 62 are abutted against the bottom surfaces of the outermost edges or corners of the template array, and each support rod 61 and the adjacent support rods 61 and the adjacent upright columns 20 are connected into a whole through connecting pieces. The cross beam 30 is prefabricated and is used in a turnover manner between projects, so that the cross beam 30 is generally prefabricated into a plurality of standard lengths, such as 6m/8m, and the like, the standard lengths of some cross beams 30 can be just right in the previous project, and just short in the next project, if the cross beam 30 is independently customized for each project in order to completely fit the span, the manufacturing cost can be greatly increased, and therefore, the scheme adopts the combination of the cross beam 30 and the independent supports 60, and can be suitable for scenes with various spans and is more flexible.

Example IV

As shown in fig. 11, the difference from the first embodiment is that ten cross beams 30 are provided, and the cross beams 30 are supported below the long sides of the formwork 10, so that the method is suitable for scenes where the strength of the formwork 10 is weak or the load is high.

Example five

As shown in fig. 12, the construction background of the present embodiment is that four walls are not built, and the four girder templates and the girder side forms 41 are already built, so that the outermost edge of the template array can be set on the girder side forms 41, and the upright posts 20 and the girder scaffolds 42 are connected into a whole through the cross bars.

Example six

As shown in fig. 13, the difference from the first embodiment is that the cross beam 30 adopts a steel truss girder structure, and the front view of the cross beam is a triangular frame. The bending strength required by design can be met, the bearing capacity is high, and the manufacturing material cost is low.

Example seven

As shown in FIG. 14, the difference from the first embodiment is that the beam 30 is made of H-shaped steel, which is convenient to obtain materials and low in processing cost compared with the beam 30 in the above embodiment, and can be completed by only selecting the shape and then cutting out a proper length.

Example eight

As shown in fig. 15, the difference from the first embodiment is that the beam 30 adopts a beam structure, and the beam structure is superior to the beam 30 structure in the above embodiment, the tension force of the tension string can be adjusted according to the load, so that the flat plate at the top of Zhang Xuanliang slightly bulges upwards when no load is applied, the flat plate at the top of Zhang Xuanliang is changed from slightly bulge to be just kept horizontal under the action of pressure after concrete is poured, and compared with the above embodiment, the beam 30 is less worry about the influence of stress deformation, and the construction accuracy of the ribbed floor slab is higher.

In other embodiments, the beam 30 may take other structures, including i-steel, square tubes, etc., where the beam 30 may meet the designed bending strength, ensuring that the beam 30 can carry the weight of the concrete during grouting, and the bending amplitude is within an acceptable design range.

In other embodiments, the independent supports 60, including support bars attached to the wall, also support the edges of the array of modules.

In other embodiments, the upright posts 21 of each upright post 20 can be arranged by 2×3 total 6, or 2×4 total 8, or even 3×3 total 9 according to the requirement, so as to meet the design requirement.

In other embodiments, the columns 20 may also be constructed using prefabricated steel trusses and assembled in the field with bolts.

In summary, according to the planar floor forming structure convenient to disassemble and assemble, the installation quantity of scaffolds can be reduced, the workload is reduced, the installation conditions of the templates 10 can be rapidly met through the construction of the beams 30 of the upright posts 20, the low-level full-hall scaffold is not needed, the self-walking hydraulic lifting vehicle can smoothly go without any obstacle, the installation efficiency of an installer can be improved, and the climbing of the scaffolds is not needed, so that the planar floor forming structure is safer.

The foregoing has outlined and described the basic principles, features, and advantages of the present utility model. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present utility model, and the present utility model can be implemented by those skilled in the art without limiting the scope of the utility model, therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications that are made according to the spirit of the present utility model should be included in the scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A planar floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble is characterized by comprising a plurality of templates (10), upright posts (20) and cross beams (30),

The template (10) comprises a template top surface (11), the template top surface (11) is rectangular, a circle of template side surfaces (12) which extend downwards are connected around the top plate of the template (10), the template side surfaces (12) are perpendicular to the template top surface (11), the template top surface (11) and the template side surfaces (12) which are enclosed with the template top surface (11) form a cavity, connecting holes (13) are formed in two or three or four adjacent template side surfaces (12) of the template (10), the connecting holes (13) are horizontally arranged to penetrate through the cavity to the template side surfaces (12),

The template side surfaces (12) of a plurality of templates (10) are jointed in pairs to form a rectangular template array with a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, the lower bottom surfaces of all the templates (10) are coplanar, the positions of connecting holes (13) on the template side surfaces (12) of two adjacent templates (10) are mutually matched, and are fastened and connected through the connecting holes (13) by fasteners,

Four sides of the bottom surface of the template (10) are defined as long sides and short sides according to the length, a plurality of cross beams (30) are arranged in parallel, the cross beams (30) form a support at least on the common sides of two adjacent rows of templates (10) in the template array, the common sides are the long sides or the short sides of the templates (10),

The crossbeam (30) respectively sets up an stand (20) at least in its both ends below, stand (20) bottom support is on the floor, stand (20) can carry out height-adjusting, stand (20) top and crossbeam (30) detachable connect or overlap joint, connect into a whole through the connecting piece between every stand (20) and adjacent stand (20).

2. The planar floor molding structure convenient to assemble and disassemble as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outermost edge of the template array is erected on a main beam side mold (41) or an independent support (60) or a cross beam (30).

3. The planar floor molding structure convenient to assemble and disassemble, as set forth in claim 2, wherein the independent support (60) comprises a support rod (61) and a top plate (62), the bottom of the support rod (61) is supported on a floor, the support rod (61) can be height-adjusted, the top of the support rod (61) is provided with the top plate (62), the top plate (62) is propped against the bottom surface of the edge or the corner of the outermost edge of the template array, and the support rod (61) is connected with the adjacent support rod (61) and the adjacent upright post (20) into a whole through connecting pieces.

4. The planar floor molding structure convenient to assemble and disassemble as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross beam (30) is one of a section steel, a steel truss girder, zhang Xuanliang or a combination thereof, and the section steel comprises a square pipe, an I-steel and an H-shaped steel.

5. The planar floor forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble, as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upright post (20) is formed by erecting a scaffold and comprises an upright post (21), a cross rod (22) and a jacking (23), and the jacking (23) is used for supporting the cross beam (30).

6. The planar floor molding structure convenient to assemble and disassemble as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upright (21) is provided with a ring-shaped connecting disc (24) capable of being buckled, and two ends of the cross rod (22) are connected with the connecting disc (24) of the upright (21) through bolts.

7. A floor slab forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble as set forth in claim 5, wherein said connecting member is a cross bar (22) for a scaffold.

8. The planar floor forming structure convenient to assemble and disassemble, as set forth in claim 5, characterized in that the cross beam (30) is a steel truss girder and is formed by welding a plurality of square tubes, the jacking (23) comprises a screw rod (231), an adjusting nut (232) and a U-shaped supporting plate (233), the screw rod (231) is meshed with the adjusting nut (232), the screw rod (231) is inserted into the top of the vertical rod (21), the U-shaped supporting plate (233) is arranged at the top end of the screw rod (231), and the U-shaped supporting plate (233) positions and supports the square tubes of the steel truss girder.

9. The planar floor molding structure convenient to disassemble and assemble as claimed in claim 8, wherein the steel truss girder is an undetachable whole or is formed by splicing two detachable sections.

10. The planar floor molding structure convenient to assemble and disassemble as claimed in claim 1, wherein grid-shaped reinforcing ribs are arranged inside the top surface (11) and the side surface (12) of the template.