CN221843243U - An assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses, which mainly includes cement casting parts, column underground parts, column above-ground parts, oblique support steel pipes, horizontal support steel pipes, U-shaped slots, inverted L-shaped slots, first-type nuts, second-type nuts and other parts. The grape tree of the utility model has an upright trunk, two main fruiting vines, and several fruiting new shoots are evenly distributed on the main vines. The leaf curtain and the fruiting part are high, which is conducive to ventilation of the orchard, can reduce the infection of soil-borne diseases on fruit clusters and leaves, reduce the number of pesticide spraying, and save costs; the new shoot extension branches are horizontally tied to increase the light-receiving area of the leaf curtain, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products, improve the quality of fruits, and enhance the sightseeing effect of the orchard.

Description

An assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and in particular relates to an assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses.

Background Art

The grape planting area in northern my country is large, but due to the cold and dry winter, many areas need to bury the soil in winter to prevent cold, and cannot use the upright trunk grape tree shape. However, in greenhouses, there is no need to bury the soil in winter to prevent cold, and upright trunks and standardized tree shapes can be promoted and applied. Traditional grape racks are mostly made of wood or cement, and are mostly simple and irregular fence shapes. The height of the grape rack is generally 1.8-2.0 m, and the bunches are distributed on the surface of the fence. In recent years, with the promotion of standardized technology in the grape industry, Y-shaped or horizontal trellises have been used in many greenhouses. However, these grape trellises still have obvious problems. First, it is difficult to standardize, save labor, and mechanize the planting process. It is also very inconvenient to spray pesticides and fertilize. For vineyards that are basically worked by women, the work is still very heavy, which is easy to cause occupational diseases such as cervical spondylosis and periarthritis of the shoulder. Second, the planting density of vineyards is generally high, resulting in high construction costs, poor orchard environment, and low labor efficiency. Third, most grape-producing areas in northern my country belong to the continental monsoon climate. The grape ripening period is in the high temperature and high humidity season, and the grape diseases are serious, the fruit quality declines, and there are risks to plant protection safety. Therefore, it is imperative to use new, standardized, and easy-to-assemble grape trellises in greenhouses in northern my country.

Summary of the invention

The utility model aims to provide an assembled grape rack suitable for plastic greenhouses in the north, which is characterized by comprising an underground cement pouring part 1, an underground part 2 of a column, an above-ground part 3 of a column, an oblique support steel pipe 4, a horizontal support steel pipe 5, a U-shaped slot 6 connecting the column and the oblique support steel pipe, an inverted L-shaped slot 7 connecting the oblique support steel pipe and the horizontal support steel pipe, a first type nut 8 welded on the column for fixing the iron wire, and a second type nut 9 welded on the oblique support steel pipe for fixing the iron wire; wherein

The angle between the oblique support steel pipe 4 connected by the U-shaped slot 6 and the above-ground part 3 of the column is 130°, and the angle between the oblique support steel pipe 4 connected by the inverted L-shaped slot 7 and the horizontal support steel pipe 5 is 140°;

The above-ground part 3 of the column has the first type of nuts 8 welded and installed at 500mm, 1000mm and 1500mm. The obliquely supported steel pipe 4 has the second type of nuts 9 welded and installed at 250mm, 500mm and 750mm. The U-shaped slot 6 and the inverted L-shaped slot 7 are matched with the connected pipe diameter; the cement pouring part 1 of the fixed underground part 2 of the column has a depth of 450mm and a length × width of 400mm × 400mm. 2-3 steel bars with a length of 150mm are welded on the steel pipe pouring ground to enhance the stability of the bracket.

The utility model is an assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses, characterized in that the inclined support steel pipe 4 is 750 mm long and made of 1-inch steel pipe or galvanized pipe; the horizontal support steel pipe 5 is 1500 mm long and made of 1-inch steel pipe or galvanized pipe.

The utility model is described in more detail as follows:

An assembled grape rack suitable for plastic greenhouses in the north, characterized by comprising 1 underground cement casting part, 2 underground column part, 3 above-ground column part, 4 oblique support steel pipe, 5 horizontal support steel pipe, 6 U-shaped slots connecting the column and the oblique support steel pipe, 7 inverted L-shaped slots connecting the oblique support steel pipe and the horizontal support steel pipe, 8 (first type nut) welded on the column for fixing the iron wire, 9 second type nut welded on the oblique support steel pipe for fixing the iron wire. The underground cement casting part of the column and the above-ground part of the column are both made of 2-inch steel pipe or galvanized pipe. The above-ground column part is connected to the oblique support steel pipe through a V-shaped connecting slot at an angle of 130°. The designed height of the columns above the ground is 1500mm, the underground burial depth is 500mm, and the first type of nuts for iron wire are welded and installed at the positions of 500mm, 1000mm and 1500mm from the ground. For the columns and the inclined support steel pipes, the length of the inclined support steel pipes is 750mm, and the second type of nuts for iron wire are welded and installed at the positions of 250mm, 500mm and 750mm from the columns. The inclined support steel pipes are connected to the horizontal support steel pipes by using an inverted L-shaped connecting slot with an angle of 140° and a height of 2000mm. Iron wire is installed on the horizontal support steel pipes to tie up the new shoots of grapes.

The total length of the upright column used in the grape rack disclosed by the utility model is 2000mm, and the total length of the oblique support steel pipe is 750mm, which can be evenly divided according to the length of the national standard steel pipe, saving material and labor costs. The matching grape tree increases the grape fruiting to 1.5m, the fruit maturity period is consistent, the infection of soil-borne diseases on the clusters and leaves is reduced, the number of spraying is reduced, and the cost of plant protection is saved; it is more suitable for the working height of orchard workers, and the workers can complete the work content while standing, which reduces the work intensity and improves the work efficiency; the distance between the grape plant rows and the new shoots is widened, which is conducive to ventilation, standardizes the shape of the grape leaf curtain, realizes standardized pruning, increases the light receiving area of the leaf curtain, increases the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and improves the fruit quality; the horizontal leaf curtain formed by the new shoots of the upper horizontal support is more suitable for sightseeing and picking in the orchard. The grape rack required by the utility model is less in material, easy to standardize and quickly assemble, and suitable for large-scale promotion.

The positive effects of the assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses disclosed by the utility model are:

(1) Quick assembly and connection of components: Compared with traditional welded steel pipe grape racks, the design dimensions of each component of the utility model are all evenly divided according to the length of the national standard steel pipe. The various components are connected through prefabricated quick connection components, which is more convenient, stable and environmentally friendly.

(2) Reduce labor: Compared with traditional trellises and hedges, the fruiting part of the grapes in the utility model is at a height of 1.5m, which is consistent, making it easier for workers to manage the flowers and fruits; the new shoots of the grapes can be supported by iron wires of a predetermined height, with a consistent height and standardized spacing, making management easier.

(3) Improving the sightseeing effect of the orchard: Compared with traditional trellises and Y-shaped trellises, the utility model combines the two types of trellises, and utilizes the 140° angle formed by the horizontal supporting steel pipe and the inclined supporting steel pipe to support the extended part of the new shoots in a standardized manner at a height of 2.0 m from the ground on the horizontal level of the grape trellis. Such a leaf curtain height can provide a better visual effect for orchard sightseeing, allowing tourists to easily enter under the grape trellis for picking. In addition, the horizontal leaf curtain does not have the weight of the fruit bunches, and the strength requirements of the frame surface wire are not high.

(4) Increasing the amount of photosynthetic products: Compared with traditional trellises and hedges, the 5th to 15th leaves of the new grape shoots with the strongest photosynthetic nutrient production capacity are fully exposed to the sun, and can produce more sufficient photosynthetic products.

(5) The required grape rack structure is simple and easy to process: the grape racks currently in use are mostly made of cement or wood, which have many materials and complex results. The grape rack of the utility model only needs two steel pipes or galvanized pipes and several horizontal steel pipes for supporting iron wires. Each section of the steel pipe is connected by a prefabricated connection card, which is easy to install and saves material cost investment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an assembled grape rack suitable for plastic greenhouses in the north; wherein:

1: Underground cement pouring part 2: Underground part of column

3: Above-ground part of the column 4: Inclined support steel pipe

5: Horizontal support steel pipe 6: U-shaped slot (used for connecting the column and the inclined support steel pipe)

7: Inverted L-shaped slot (connection between the oblique support steel pipe and the horizontal support steel pipe);

8: The first type of nut (used for welding the iron wire on the column);

9: The second type of nut (used for welding to fix iron wire on inclined support steel pipe).

Figure 2 is an assembled grape rack U-shaped connector suitable for northern plastic greenhouses;

Figure 3 is an inverted L-shaped connector for assembled grape racks suitable for plastic greenhouses in the north;

Figure 4: Rendering of the assembled grape rack suitable for plastic greenhouses in the north;

Figure 5: Tree shape of assembled grape racks suitable for plastic greenhouses in the north;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following is a detailed description of the utility model of the assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The specific embodiments described below are only the best implementation of the utility model and cannot be understood as limiting the utility model.

Example

An assembled grape rack suitable for plastic greenhouses in the north, comprising an underground cement pouring part 1, an underground part 2 of a column, an above-ground part 3 of a column, an oblique support steel pipe 4, a horizontal support steel pipe 5, a U-shaped slot 6 for connecting the column with the oblique support steel pipe, an inverted L-shaped slot 7 for connecting the oblique support steel pipe with the horizontal support steel pipe, a first nut 8 welded on the column for fixing an iron wire (welding on the column for fixing an iron wire), and a second nut 9 welded on the oblique support steel pipe for fixing an iron wire (welding on the oblique support steel pipe for fixing an iron wire); wherein

The angle between the oblique support steel pipe 4 (length 750mm, made of 1-inch steel pipe) connected by the U-shaped slot 6 and the above-ground part 3 of the column is 130°; the angle between the oblique support steel pipe 4 connected by the inverted L-shaped slot 7 and the horizontal support steel pipe 5 (length 1500mm, made of 1-inch steel pipe) is 140°; the above-ground part 3 of the column is welded and installed with the first type of nuts 8 at 500, 1000mm and 1500mm, and the oblique support steel pipe 4 is welded and installed with the second type of nuts 9 at 250mm, 500mm and 750mm. The U-shaped slot 6 and the inverted L-shaped slot 7 are matched with the connected pipe diameter and are used for quick connection of various components of the grape rack; the cement casting part 1 of the underground part 2 of the column has a depth of 450mm and a length × width of 400mm × 400mm. 2-3 steel bars with a length of 150mm are welded on the steel pipe casting ground to enhance the stability of the bracket.

Example

The utility model discloses an assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses, comprising columns, cement casting parts under the columns, oblique support steel pipes, horizontal support steel pipes, V-shaped connecting grooves for assembling the columns and the oblique support steel pipes, and connecting grooves for assembling the oblique support steel pipes and the horizontal support steel pipes.

The utility model is designed with two prefabricated slots for quick connection of steel pipes, so that the new shoots of grapes can form the expected form during the growth process of the year. Compared with the traditional grape rack, the main improvements of the utility model are:

The improvements are as follows: the original grape rack is Y-shaped or requires two layers of horizontal bars, this rack type has two diagonal supports, and the connection position between the diagonal supports and the main columns is higher (as shown in Figure 1); connecting slots between the diagonal supports and the horizontal supports are set so that the new shoots of the grapes can be smoothly tied to a horizontal position (as shown in Figure 1).

Example

Figure 1 is an assembled grape rack suitable for northern plastic greenhouses. The utility model includes:

The underground cement pouring part used to fix the grape rack has a depth of 50cm and a length × width of 40cm × 40cm; the above-ground part of the grape rack column has a designed column height of 1500mm above the ground, and the first type of iron wire nuts are welded and installed at 1000mm and 1500mm from the ground; the angle between the column and the oblique support steel pipe is 130°, the length of the oblique support steel pipe is 750mm, and the second type of iron wire nuts are welded and installed at 250mm, 500mm, and 750mm from the column; the height of the connecting slot between the oblique support steel pipe and the horizontal support steel pipe is 2000mm, and the angle is 140°.

Figures 2 and 3 are U-shaped and inverted L-shaped connectors for assembled grape racks suitable for northern plastic greenhouses. The U-shaped slots and inverted L-shaped slots at the two connections should match the connecting pipe diameters and are used for quick connection of the various components of the grape rack.

Figure 4 is a tree shape that is suitable for an assembled grape rack in a northern plastic greenhouse. The grape tree shape of the utility model includes a main trunk with a height of 1.4m, which is used to support the entire grape plant and provide nutrients; two main vines with a length of 2.0m each, which are opposite each other and tied to the iron wire of the grape rack column, and are used to cultivate fruiting branches and produce fruiting shoots; a section of fruiting shoots, which are standardized and tied to the iron wire fixed to the inclined support steel pipe and the horizontal support steel pipe, with a length of 2.0-2.2m, are used for fruiting.

Example

Test 1 conducted by the utility model verified that the lighting environment of the frame is better than that of ordinary hedge frames. The new shoots and leaves of the grapes of the utility model can obtain better light resources at 12:00, and the light and effect of the leaves are better; the position of the grape fruits is located under the protection of the inclined and horizontal leaf curtains, which significantly reduces the occurrence of sunburn of the fruit bunches.

Test 2 conducted by the utility model has verified that the labor and maintenance costs of the grape rack are lower than those of the grape inclined trellis. The fruiting part of the utility model is located 1.5m above the ground, and the new shoot leaf curtain is arranged on the trellis surface in a standardized manner. Compared with the ordinary inclined trellis, the height of the fruit bunches and the new shoots is lower, which is more conducive to the work of the workers and improves efficiency. The horizontal part of the grape rack only bears the weight of the leaf curtain. Compared with the ordinary inclined trellis that has to bear the weight of the leaf curtain and the fruit, the load-bearing capacity of the grape rack is significantly reduced, which can significantly reduce the annual maintenance cost of the grape rack.

Test 3 conducted by the utility model verified that the plant protection cost of the frame is reduced and the mechanization rate is significantly improved. The grape frame of the utility model has a consistent height at the elevated part, which reduces the incidence of soil-borne diseases compared with ordinary hedge frames; the arrangement of the frame surface and new shoots is more standardized, and the utilization rate of agricultural machinery is significantly improved compared with ordinary inclined trellises; and in terms of quality indicators such as fruit bunch consistency, fruit shape index, total sugar, total acid, and soluble solids in the fruit, this frame type also has strong advantages.

Experiment 4 conducted by the present invention verified that the content of typical aromatic compounds in grape fruits was better than that in trellises: the present invention detected 7 terpenoids, while trellises detected 6; the relative content was 26.87%, significantly higher than the 6.33% of trellises; the relative content of linalool, which had the heaviest odor, was 5.4 times that of trellises.

Example

Cultivation mode of small inclined shed in the north

Referring to Figure 5, the utility model provides a grape cultivation mode of an inclined small trellis. The height above the ground, that is, the lowest end of the grape trellis is 130-150cm, and the height is inclined upward, that is, the highest end of the grape trellis is 180cm, and the structure is made of wood. The lowest end of this mode is too low and the highest end is too high, which is inconvenient for growers to operate; growers need to change operating postures at different heights when pruning and harvesting in summer, which consumes physical strength and has low work efficiency. Due to the inclined angle of the shelf surface, mechanized operation cannot be performed. Due to the inclined angle, the growth potential of new shoots at different positions of the plant is inconsistent. The new shoots at the tip have apical dominance and have strong growth potential, while the new shoots at the base have weak growth potential. The growth potential of different new shoots causes inconsistent fruit maturity. The rack mostly adopts an east-west direction, that is, the grape vines grow from north to south and from low to high, resulting in uneven light reception for new shoots at different positions and low light energy utilization.

Example

Northern trellis cultivation model

Referring to Figure 5, the utility model provides a trellis grape cultivation model. The trellis height is 160-180cm, the pillars are cement poles, and the frame surface is composed of iron wire. The grape clusters on the trellis are distributed at different heights, and the maturity of the fruits is inconsistent. The new shoots grow in a relatively upright condition, which is easy to form apical dominance, so that the vegetative growth inhibits the reproductive growth, affecting the quality of the fruit; in addition, the new shoots grow too fast, which causes the growers to need complicated summer management and increase labor production costs. The attachment sites of the grape clusters are inconsistent, and the clusters closer to the ground are easily infected by soil-borne fungal diseases and lose their commercial value; the clusters of different heights increase the labor intensity during harvesting. The effective leaf curtain of the trellis wall type is low, and the light energy utilization efficiency is low.

Example

"High, wide and vertical" grape trellis suitable for northern regions

When building a garden in the northern grape producing area, design a "high, wide, and vertical" grape rack with a rack height of 180cm, a horizontal length of 150cm, and a row spacing of 1.5m×3.0m. When cultivating and controlling the shape of the grape tree, select the new shoot with the best growth potential for each grape plant as a single main vine. Tie the selected main vine upright to the wire, remove all the secondary shoots that sprout below 30cm, and keep one leaf on the secondary shoots above 30cm and then pinch them. Pay attention to the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the early stage to improve the tree vigor and promote its rapid growth. When the new shoot grows to 180cm, pinch the new shoots of the main vine for the first time. After pinching, keep a secondary shoot that sprouts at the top and continue to grow. When this secondary shoot grows to 150cm, flatten it and tie it to the first layer of wire, and keep 2-4 leaves on the secondary secondary shoots and pinch them. After that, the secondary shoots that sprout are pinched repeatedly every 2 leaves to ensure that the winter buds of the horizontal main vine have enough nutrients for flower bud differentiation. After one year of tree cultivation, the tree structure is shown in Figure 2.

After the grapes emerge from the soil in the spring of the second year, use No. 12 iron wire to bend it into a U shape, and fix the inclination angle of the main vine at 30cm from the base to 15-20° to ensure that it is buried normally in the winter to prevent cold. Above this fixed point, tie the main vine to the iron wire at an angle of 70-75° to the ground. After the main vine reaches the first layer of iron wire, tie it horizontally. Before the grapes sprout, use special binding wires to reserve fixed positions for the fruiting shoots every 15cm on the iron wire inside the second layer; after sprouting, tie the fruiting shoots one by one to the reserved positions. As the new shoots grow, they are affected by the gravity of the tip of the new shoots, and their tips gradually droop. At this time, pay attention to tie each fruiting shoot to the iron wire outside the second layer. After this work is completed, the work of the grapes in the second year will focus on flower and fruit management. After the new shoots droop freely, their growth will be inhibited.

The grape rack of the utility model uses prefabricated assembly parts to combine various pipes of the grape rack, which is easy to install and saves materials. The grape rack is made of metal materials, has beautiful structure and long service life.

Claims (2)

1. The assembled grape trellis suitable for the northern plastic greenhouse is characterized by comprising an underground cement pouring part (1), an upright post underground part (2), an upright post overground part (3), an inclined support steel pipe (4), a horizontal support steel pipe (5), a U-shaped clamping groove (6), an inverted L-shaped clamping groove (7), a first type nut (8) and a second type nut (9); wherein the method comprises the steps of

The included angle between the inclined support steel pipe (4) connected with the U-shaped clamping groove (6) and the overground part (3) of the upright post is 130 degrees, and the included angle between the inclined support steel pipe (4) connected with the inverted L-shaped clamping groove (7) and the horizontal support steel pipe (5) is 140 degrees; the parts 500, 1000mm and 1500mm of the overground parts of the upright posts are welded with first nuts (8), 250mm, 500mm and 750mm of the inclined support steel pipes (4) are welded with second nuts (9), and the U-shaped clamping grooves (6) and the inverted L-shaped clamping grooves (7) are matched with the connected pipe diameters and are used for quickly connecting all components of the grape trellis; and the cement pouring part (1) of the fixed upright post underground part (2) has the depth of 450mm, the length multiplied by the width of 400mm multiplied by 400mm, 2-3 steel bars with the length of 150mm are welded on the pouring ground of the steel pipe, and the stability of the bracket is enhanced.

2. The assembled grape trellis suitable for northern plastic greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the length of the inclined support steel pipe (4) is 750mm, and the material is 1 inch steel pipe or galvanized pipe; the horizontal support steel pipe (5) is 1500mm in length and is made of 1-inch steel pipes or galvanized pipes.