CN221728852U - Saline-alkali soil improvement device - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement device Download PDFInfo
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- CN221728852U CN221728852U CN202323666754.4U CN202323666754U CN221728852U CN 221728852 U CN221728852 U CN 221728852U CN 202323666754 U CN202323666754 U CN 202323666754U CN 221728852 U CN221728852 U CN 221728852U
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 11
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种盐碱土壤改良装置，主要涉及盐碱地土地改良领域。包括由上到下设置的农作物生长层、改良备用土壤层和地下水位层；所述农作物生长层底部设有灌溉用水排水管，所述农作物生长层与改良备用土壤层通过灌溉用水排水管分隔，所述灌溉用水排水管一端连接灌溉用水储水槽。本实用新型的有益效果在于：根据实际盐碱土地的条件进行设计应用，能够充分利用灌溉水分，减少地下盐水的上涨以及避免灌溉水分的过度下降从而抬升地下水位的现象，保障地表农作物处于合适的的生长环境；同时经过多年改造，在保障地表农作物生长条件的情况下，对地表下侧的土壤能够进行改良，从而完成盐碱土地的改良。
The utility model discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement device, which mainly relates to the field of saline-alkali land improvement. It includes a crop growth layer, an improved spare soil layer and a groundwater level layer arranged from top to bottom; an irrigation water drainage pipe is provided at the bottom of the crop growth layer, and the crop growth layer and the improved spare soil layer are separated by the irrigation water drainage pipe, and one end of the irrigation water drainage pipe is connected to an irrigation water storage tank. The beneficial effects of the utility model are: it is designed and applied according to the actual conditions of saline-alkali land, and can make full use of irrigation water, reduce the rise of underground salt water, and avoid the phenomenon of excessive decline of irrigation water to raise the groundwater level, so as to ensure that the surface crops are in a suitable growth environment; at the same time, after years of transformation, while ensuring the growth conditions of surface crops, the soil under the surface can be improved, thereby completing the improvement of saline-alkali land.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本实用新型涉及盐碱地土地改良领域，具体是一种盐碱土壤改良装置。The utility model relates to the field of saline-alkali land improvement, in particular to a saline-alkali soil improvement device.
背景技术Background Art
具盐碱地是指那些盐分含量高、PH值大，难以生长植物，尤其是农作物的土壤。现有的改良盐碱地的方法是用含盐量低的水冲洗盐碱地，使可溶性盐溶解下渗。然而采用该方法需要采用大量宝贵的水资源，而且无法杜绝土壤返盐碱，使得改良盐碱地的效果不是十分理想。Saline-alkali land refers to soil with high salt content and high pH value, which is difficult to grow plants, especially crops. The existing method of improving saline-alkali land is to flush the saline-alkali land with water with low salt content to dissolve and infiltrate soluble salts. However, this method requires a large amount of precious water resources and cannot prevent the soil from returning to salt and alkali, making the effect of improving saline-alkali land not very ideal.
中国专利CN205289224U涉及一种盐碱地水土改良结构，包括用于隔离未改良土壤与改良土壤的横截面为方形的石笼网，所述石笼网内填充有碎石和麦饭石，所述石笼网底面固定有一底板，所述石笼网与底板形成用于储存改良土壤的容纳箱；所述容纳箱内底部铺设有碎石滤料层，所述碎石滤料层上铺设有盐碱土壤层，所述盐碱土壤层上均匀堆砌有纵向分布的若干个间隔设置的盐碱土垄，所述底板中部下凹形成一汇水槽，所述汇水槽两端分别连通有伸出容纳箱外部的出水管，所述出水管上设有控制阀。上述专利中盐碱土壤层并不利用植物的生长，更重要的是，具体操作起来难以实现，整体改良效率低，不适合使用在实际盐碱土地中，整体手段难以实现。Chinese patent CN205289224U relates to a saline-alkali soil and water improvement structure, including a square gabion mesh for isolating unimproved soil from improved soil, the gabion mesh is filled with gravel and medical stone, a bottom plate is fixed to the bottom of the gabion mesh, and the gabion mesh and the bottom plate form a storage box for storing improved soil; a crushed stone filter layer is laid on the bottom of the storage box, a saline-alkali soil layer is laid on the crushed stone filter layer, and a plurality of saline-alkali soil ridges spaced apart and distributed longitudinally are evenly piled on the saline-alkali soil layer, the middle part of the bottom plate is concave to form a water collection trough, and the two ends of the water collection trough are respectively connected to a water outlet pipe extending out of the storage box, and a control valve is provided on the water outlet pipe. The saline-alkali soil layer in the above patent does not utilize the growth of plants, and more importantly, it is difficult to implement in specific operations, the overall improvement efficiency is low, and it is not suitable for use in actual saline-alkali land, and the overall means are difficult to implement.
实用新型内容Utility Model Content
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种盐碱土壤改良装置，它根据实际盐碱土地的条件进行设计应用，能够充分利用灌溉水分，减少地下盐水的上涨以及避免灌溉水分的过度下降从而抬升地下水位的现象，保障地表农作物处于合适的的生长环境；同时经过多年改造，在保障地表农作物生长条件的情况下，对地表下侧的土壤能够进行改良，从而完成盐碱土地的改良。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a saline-alkali soil improvement device, which is designed and applied according to the actual conditions of saline-alkali land, can make full use of irrigation water, reduce the rise of underground salt water and avoid excessive decline of irrigation water to raise the groundwater level, so as to ensure that surface crops are in a suitable growth environment; at the same time, after years of transformation, while ensuring the growth conditions of surface crops, the soil under the surface can be improved, thereby completing the improvement of saline-alkali land.
本实用新型为实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案实现：In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model is implemented through the following technical solutions:
一种盐碱土壤改良装置，包括由上到下设置的农作物生长层、改良备用土壤层和地下水位层；A saline-alkali soil improvement device comprises a crop growth layer, an improved spare soil layer and an underground water level layer arranged from top to bottom;
所述农作物生长层底部设有灌溉用水排水管，所述农作物生长层与改良备用土壤层通过灌溉用水排水管分隔，所述灌溉用水排水管一端连接灌溉用水储水槽；An irrigation water drainage pipe is provided at the bottom of the crop growth layer, the crop growth layer is separated from the improved reserve soil layer by the irrigation water drainage pipe, and one end of the irrigation water drainage pipe is connected to an irrigation water storage tank;
所述改良备用土壤层底侧设有地下盐水排水管，所述改良备用土壤层与地下水位层通过所述地下盐水排水管分隔，所述盐水排水管一端连接盐水排水沟。An underground salt water drainage pipe is arranged at the bottom side of the improved spare soil layer, the improved spare soil layer is separated from the underground water level layer by the underground salt water drainage pipe, and one end of the salt water drainage pipe is connected to the salt water drainage ditch.
所述灌溉用水排水管靠近灌溉用水储水槽一端与另一端之间倾斜设置，且所述灌溉用水排水管上半部分设有灌溉用水渗水孔，下半部分为流水通道，所述灌溉用水排水管外侧设有防堵塞网布；The irrigation water drainage pipe is arranged obliquely between one end and the other end close to the irrigation water storage tank, and the upper part of the irrigation water drainage pipe is provided with an irrigation water seepage hole, and the lower part is a water flow channel, and an anti-clogging mesh is arranged on the outside of the irrigation water drainage pipe;
所述地下盐水排水管整体上全部设有盐水渗水孔，外侧设有防堵塞网布。The underground salt water drainage pipe is provided with salt water seepage holes as a whole, and an anti-clogging mesh is arranged on the outside.
所述农作物生长层的厚度为0.5-1.2米。The thickness of the crop growth layer is 0.5-1.2 meters.
所述灌溉用水储水槽上设有灌溉抽水装置，所述灌溉抽水装置包括水位检测装置、抽水电机和控制系统。The irrigation water storage tank is provided with an irrigation pumping device, and the irrigation pumping device comprises a water level detection device, a pumping motor and a control system.
所述抽水电机一端连接有滴灌灌溉管路。One end of the water pumping motor is connected with a drip irrigation pipeline.
所述灌溉用水储水槽深度小于地下盐水排水管的深度。The depth of the irrigation water storage tank is less than the depth of the underground salt water drainage pipe.
所述农作物生长层设有土壤湿度传感器和盐分传感器。The crop growth layer is provided with a soil moisture sensor and a salt sensor.
对比现有技术，本实用新型的有益效果在于：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
能够根据实际盐碱土地的条件进行设计应用，能够充分利用灌溉水分，减少地下盐水的上涨以及避免灌溉水分的过度下降从而抬升地下水位的现象，保障地表农作物处于合适的的生长环境；同时经过多年改造，在保障地表农作物生长条件的情况下，对地表下侧的土壤能够进行改良，从而完成盐碱土地的改良。It can be designed and applied according to the actual conditions of saline-alkali land, and can make full use of irrigation water, reduce the rise of underground salt water and avoid excessive decline of irrigation water to raise the groundwater level, thereby ensuring that surface crops are in a suitable growth environment; at the same time, after years of transformation, while ensuring the growth conditions of surface crops, the soil below the surface can be improved, thereby completing the improvement of saline-alkali land.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
附图1是本实用新型整体流程文字图。Figure 1 is a text diagram of the overall process of the utility model.
附图2是本实用新型中整体流程标号图。Figure 2 is a diagram of the overall process flow in the present invention.
附图3是本实用新型整体流程侧面图。Figure 3 is a side view of the overall process of the utility model.
附图4是本实用新型灌溉用水排水管示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the irrigation water drainage pipe of the present invention.
附图5是本实用新型盐水排水管及防堵塞网布示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the salt water drainage pipe and anti-clogging mesh of the utility model.
附图中所示标号：Numbers shown in the accompanying drawings:
1、农作物生长层；2、改良备用土壤层；3、地下水位层；4、灌溉用水排水管；5、灌溉用水储水槽；6、盐水排水管；7、盐水排水沟；8、灌溉抽水装置；9、水位检测装置；10、抽水电机；11、防堵塞网布。1. Crop growth layer; 2. Improved spare soil layer; 3. Groundwater level layer; 4. Irrigation water drainage pipe; 5. Irrigation water storage tank; 6. Salt water drainage pipe; 7. Salt water drainage ditch; 8. Irrigation pumping device; 9. Water level detection device; 10. Pumping motor; 11. Anti-clogging mesh.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本实用新型。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本实用新型而不用于限制本实用新型的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本实用新型讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本实用新型作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所限定的范围。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the present application.
本本实用新型所述是一种盐碱土壤改良装置，具体请参照附图1所述，本实用新型主要考虑的因素是现实问题，盐碱地多的地方必定天气炎热，土壤水分蒸发量大，若仅采取滴灌则手段只能保证所种植的农作物能够正常生长，无法实现改良盐碱地的生长环境；治理盐碱地最有效的手段就是进行灌溉处理，灌溉的用水量很大，而对于地表植物来说水分浪费太大，因此本实用新型考虑，在天气炎热干燥无法解决的情况下，使得灌溉用水的利用程度最大化；The utility model is a saline-alkali soil improvement device. For details, please refer to the attached figure 1. The main factor considered by the utility model is the practical problem. The place with many saline-alkali lands must have hot weather and large evaporation of soil moisture. If only drip irrigation is adopted, it can only ensure that the crops planted can grow normally, and it is impossible to improve the growth environment of the saline-alkali land. The most effective means to treat saline-alkali land is irrigation. The amount of water used for irrigation is very large, and the water waste is too large for surface plants. Therefore, the utility model considers maximizing the utilization of irrigation water when the hot and dry weather cannot be solved.
请参照附图1所述，主体结构包括由上到下设置的农作物生长层1、改良备用土壤层2和地下水位层3；所述农作物生长层1底部设有灌溉用水排水管4，所述农作物生长层1与改良备用土壤层2通过灌溉用水排水管4分隔，所述灌溉用水排水管4一端连接灌溉用水储水槽5，在浇灌过程中，目的是使得农作物生长层1能够得到充分灌溉，此时通过在地下0.5-1.2米处设置多条灌溉用水排水管4，0.5-1.2米为植物根茎的长度，一开始我们可以选择植物根茎离地面较浅的植物，例如大豆、小麦、棉花等，首先大量灌溉的水分能够使得农作物生长层1有充分的生长环境，当水分渗透到一定深度之后，通过在地下设置的多条灌溉用水排水管4，如附图3所述，将渗透到灌溉用水排水管4道内的水分重新收集到灌溉用水储水槽5内，通过在所述灌溉用水储水槽5上设有灌溉抽水装置8，所述灌溉抽水装置8包括水位检测装置9、抽水电机10和控制系统，将水分存储起来，实现节约用水的效果，Please refer to the attached Figure 1, the main structure includes a crop growth layer 1, an improved spare soil layer 2 and a groundwater layer 3 arranged from top to bottom; an irrigation water drainage pipe 4 is arranged at the bottom of the crop growth layer 1, and the crop growth layer 1 and the improved spare soil layer 2 are separated by the irrigation water drainage pipe 4, and one end of the irrigation water drainage pipe 4 is connected to the irrigation water storage tank 5. During the irrigation process, the purpose is to enable the crop growth layer 1 to be fully irrigated. At this time, multiple irrigation water drainage pipes 4 are arranged at 0.5-1.2 meters underground, and 0.5-1.2 meters is the length of the plant rhizome. At the beginning, we Plants whose roots and stems are relatively shallow from the ground, such as soybeans, wheat, cotton, etc., can be selected. First, a large amount of irrigation water can provide a sufficient growth environment for the crop growth layer 1. After the water penetrates to a certain depth, the water that penetrates into the irrigation water drainage pipes 4 is collected again into the irrigation water storage tank 5 through multiple irrigation water drainage pipes 4 arranged underground, as shown in Figure 3. The irrigation water storage tank 5 is provided with an irrigation pumping device 8, and the irrigation pumping device 8 includes a water level detection device 9, a pumping motor 10 and a control system. The water is stored to achieve the effect of saving water.
所述灌溉用水排水管4靠近灌溉用水储水槽5一端与另一端之间倾斜设置，灌溉水流渗透到灌溉用水排水管4内通过倾斜的管道流入到储水槽内，且所述灌溉用水排水管4上半部分设有灌溉用水渗水孔，因为灌溉用水从上向下灌溉，下半部分为流水通道，没有渗水孔，参照附图4所述，所述灌溉用水排水管4外侧设有防堵塞网布11，防止土层将渗水孔堵住；The irrigation water drainage pipe 4 is arranged obliquely between one end and the other end of the irrigation water storage tank 5. The irrigation water penetrates into the irrigation water drainage pipe 4 and flows into the storage tank through the inclined pipe. The upper part of the irrigation water drainage pipe 4 is provided with irrigation water seepage holes. Because the irrigation water is irrigated from top to bottom, the lower part is a water flow channel without seepage holes. Referring to FIG. 4, an anti-blocking mesh 11 is arranged on the outside of the irrigation water drainage pipe 4 to prevent the soil layer from blocking the seepage holes.
所述地下盐水排水管6整体上全部设有盐水渗水孔，因为地下水位上升，整体会没过地下盐水排水管6，所以地下盐水依然能够从地下盐水排水管6内排出，外侧设有防堵塞网布11，防止土层将渗水孔堵住。The underground brine drainage pipe 6 is entirely provided with brine seepage holes. As the groundwater level rises, it will completely submerge the underground brine drainage pipe 6, so the underground brine can still be discharged from the underground brine drainage pipe 6. An anti-clogging mesh 11 is provided on the outside to prevent the soil layer from blocking the seepage holes.
后续土壤水分蒸发，通过在所述农作物生长层1设有土壤湿度传感器和盐分传感器；经过土壤水分检测传感器报警，就能够通过在所述抽水电机10一端连接有滴灌灌溉管路，使用上述存储的灌溉用水对土壤进行滴灌处理，实现水分的高效利用，此时滴灌起到的是辅助作用，在盐碱土地灌溉后，也就是整体盐碱度下降之后，进而实施滴灌保障植物的生长；Subsequent soil moisture evaporation is achieved by providing a soil moisture sensor and a salt sensor in the crop growth layer 1; after the soil moisture detection sensor alarms, the drip irrigation pipeline connected to one end of the pumping motor 10 can be used to drip irrigate the soil with the irrigation water stored above, so as to achieve efficient use of water. At this time, drip irrigation plays an auxiliary role. After the saline-alkali land is irrigated, that is, after the overall salinity decreases, drip irrigation is implemented to ensure the growth of plants.
另外还有一部分水分不会经过上述设置的灌溉用水排水管4道，而是直接进入到了改良备用土壤层2，保障改良备用土壤层2的盐分也进一步下降，改良备用土壤层2不要求符合农作物生长的标准，农作物的根茎到不了这个位置，不会受到影响。In addition, some water will not pass through the irrigation water drainage pipes 4 set up above, but directly enter the improved spare soil layer 2, ensuring that the salt content of the improved spare soil layer 2 is further reduced. The improved spare soil layer 2 is not required to meet the standards for crop growth. The roots and stems of crops cannot reach this position and will not be affected.
所述改良备用土壤层2底侧设有地下盐水排水管6，所述改良备用土壤层2与地下水位层3通过所述地下盐水排水管6分隔，进而保障地下水位层3的盐水不会进入到改良备用土壤层2，备用土壤层的盐分从而不会进一步增大，只会维持在一定的标准程度，如图1所述在盐水排水管6一端连接盐水排水沟7，用于排盐水。An underground brine drainage pipe 6 is provided on the bottom side of the improved spare soil layer 2, and the improved spare soil layer 2 is separated from the groundwater level layer 3 by the underground brine drainage pipe 6, thereby ensuring that the brine in the groundwater level layer 3 will not enter the improved spare soil layer 2, and the salt content of the spare soil layer will not increase further, but will only be maintained at a certain standard level. As shown in Figure 1, a brine drainage ditch 7 is connected to one end of the brine drainage pipe 6 for draining brine.
所述灌溉用水储水槽5深度小于地下盐水排水管6的深度，避免灌溉用水与盐水混合，从而从新利用的水变成盐水不能继续利用。The depth of the irrigation water storage tank 5 is less than the depth of the underground salt water drainage pipe 6, so as to avoid the mixing of irrigation water and salt water, thereby preventing the newly used water from becoming salt water and being unable to be further used.
总结：Summarize:
通过多次灌溉，一部分水分进入到灌溉用水储水槽5，节约灌溉用水，还有一部分水进入到更深层次的改良备用土壤层2，对于改良备用土壤层2，一不会受到地下盐水的侵扰，另一方面经过多次灌溉，灌溉水分的不断的进入到改良备用土壤层2，从而降低改良备用土壤层2的盐碱度，经过多年的治理，改良备用土壤层2的盐碱度也会呈现下降趋势，从而为种植根茎更深的植物做准备，当然本实用新型对比常年滴灌处理整体耗水量较大，但是能够实现改良盐碱土地的效果。Through multiple irrigations, part of the water enters the irrigation water storage tank 5, saving irrigation water, and part of the water enters the deeper improved spare soil layer 2. For the improved spare soil layer 2, on the one hand, it will not be disturbed by underground salt water. On the other hand, after multiple irrigations, the irrigation water continuously enters the improved spare soil layer 2, thereby reducing the salinity of the improved spare soil layer 2. After years of management, the salinity of the improved spare soil layer 2 will also show a downward trend, thereby preparing for the planting of plants with deeper roots and stems. Of course, compared with the perennial drip irrigation treatment, the overall water consumption of the utility model is larger, but it can achieve the effect of improving saline-alkali land.
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| CN119021166A (en) * | 2024-10-30 | 2024-11-26 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | An ecological concealed pipe drainage structure for improving saline-alkali land and its application method |
| CN119183721A (en) * | 2024-10-24 | 2024-12-27 | 郑州永丰生物肥业有限公司 | Hierarchical treatment structure and method for saline-alkali soil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN119183721A (en) * | 2024-10-24 | 2024-12-27 | 郑州永丰生物肥业有限公司 | Hierarchical treatment structure and method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN119021166A (en) * | 2024-10-30 | 2024-11-26 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | An ecological concealed pipe drainage structure for improving saline-alkali land and its application method |
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