CN221708813U - Battery, power utilization device and heat insulation pad - Google Patents

Abstract

The application is applicable to the technical field of power batteries, and provides a battery, an electric device and a heat insulation pad, wherein the battery comprises at least two battery monomers; the heat insulation structure is arranged between two adjacent battery monomers; the heat insulation structure comprises a first layer structure and a second layer structure connected with the first layer structure, and the first layer structure is arranged on two opposite sides of the second layer structure; one of the first layer structure and the second layer structure is a heat insulation layer structure, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure; the heat exchange layer structure comprises a first substrate and a first surface layer wrapping the first substrate, wherein the first substrate is used for absorbing or releasing heat; in the battery provided by the embodiment of the application, the heat insulation structure is arranged between two adjacent battery monomers, so that the heat insulation structure can not only prevent heat from being conducted to the adjacent normal battery monomers, but also reduce the heat and play a role in cooling, and reduce the risk of fire and the like possibly caused by overhigh local heat in the battery.

Description

Batteries, electrical devices and thermal insulation pads

Technical Field

The present application belongs to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular, relates to a battery, an electrical device and a thermal insulation pad.

Background Art

Energy conservation and emission reduction are the key to the sustainable development of the automobile industry. Electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy conservation and environmental protection. For electric vehicles, battery technology is an important factor in their development.

In the event of thermal runaway of a battery cell in a battery, the thermal runaway battery cell can easily have a negative impact on other adjacent battery cells and easily cause the thermal runaway to spread to the entire battery.

Utility Model Content

In view of the above problems, the present application provides a battery, an electrical device and a thermal insulation pad, which can alleviate the problem that the thermal runaway of a single battery cell can easily spread to the entire battery.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising: at least two battery cells; a heat insulation structure, arranged between two adjacent battery cells; the heat insulation structure comprises a first layer structure and a second layer structure connected to the first layer structure, and in the arrangement direction of the two adjacent battery cells, the first layer structure is arranged on opposite sides of the second layer structure; one of the first layer structure and the second layer structure is a heat insulation layer structure, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure; the heat exchange layer structure comprises a first substrate and a first surface layer covering the first substrate, and the first substrate is used to absorb or release heat.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, a heat insulation pad is arranged between two adjacent battery cells to reduce the negative impact of thermal runaway of the battery cells on other adjacent battery cells; the heat insulation structure includes a second layer structure and a first layer structure arranged on opposite sides of the second layer structure, and one of the first layer structure and the second layer structure is a heat insulation layer structure, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure. In the case of thermal runaway of some battery cells in the battery, this arrangement can not only prevent heat from being transferred to the adjacent normal battery cells, but also reduce the speed of heat increase and play a role in cooling, so as to reduce the risk of fire caused by excessive local heat in the battery. The heat exchange layer structure includes a first substrate and a first surface layer covering the first substrate, so that the heat transferred to the heat exchange layer structure can be weakened multiple times by the first surface layer and the first substrate, so that the heat exchange layer structure can have better heat insulation and heat absorption capacity; the first substrate is used to absorb heat, so that the heat exchange layer structure also has the effect of reducing temperature, and at the same time, the first substrate can also release heat when the temperature of the battery cell is too low.

In some embodiments, the first layer structure is a heat insulation layer structure, and the second layer structure is a heat exchange layer structure.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, since the first layer structure is located on the opposite sides of the second layer structure, the first layer structure is an insulating layer structure, so that the insulating structure can have better insulating performance, so that the insulating structure can better prevent heat from being transferred to adjacent normal battery cells in the event of thermal runaway of certain battery cells, thereby enabling the insulating structure to better alleviate the diffusion of heat caused by thermal runaway inside the battery.

In some embodiments, the first facing layer includes a layer of thermally insulating material.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, the first surface layer has a heat insulation function to prevent heat conduction through the first surface layer, thereby preventing heat from being conducted to adjacent normal battery cells in the event of thermal runaway of certain battery cells.

In some embodiments, the material of the first surface layer includes plastic or a metal-plastic composite material.

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some specific materials for the first surface layer, so that the first surface layer can have both heat insulation performance and good supporting performance and insulation performance.

In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer ranges from 0.15 W/(m·K) to 0.20 W/(m·K).

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some thermal conductivity ranges of the first surface layer so that the first surface layer can better hinder the conduction of heat.

In some embodiments, a cavity is defined in the first surface layer.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, a cavity is provided in the first surface layer to further improve the heat insulation capacity of the first surface layer, while also being able to reduce the weight of the first surface layer, thereby reducing the overall weight of the heat insulation structure.

In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer ranges from 0.05 W/(m·K) to 0.10 W/(m·K).

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some thermal conductivity ranges of the first surface layer with cavities, so that the first surface layer can better hinder the conduction of heat.

In some embodiments, the material of the first substrate includes a heat storage material.

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some specific structures of the first substrate, so that the first substrate can have heat absorption capability, so as to reduce the temperature of adjacent battery cells.

In some embodiments, the material of the first substrate further includes fiber material, and the heat storage material is attached to the fiber material.

The technical solution of this embodiment further provides some specific structures of the first matrix, so that the heat storage material is attached to the fiber material, so that the heat storage material can be more evenly distributed in the first matrix, thereby improving the consistency of the heat absorption performance of various parts of the first matrix.

In some embodiments, the thermal storage material comprises a phase change material.

The technical solution of this embodiment further provides some specific heat storage materials, so that the heat storage materials include phase change materials, so that the first matrix can have higher heat absorption efficiency and higher safety performance; this setting also enables the first matrix to release heat when the internal temperature of the battery is too low, so as to regulate the temperature inside the battery, thereby improving the stability of the internal temperature of the battery.

In some embodiments, the phase change enthalpy of the phase change material has a value greater than or equal to 1000 J/g.

The technical solution of this embodiment provides a phase change enthalpy value range for some phase change materials, so that the first substrate can have better thermal management capabilities, allowing the first substrate to absorb more heat in a high-temperature environment and release more heat in a low-temperature environment.

In some embodiments, the thermal insulation layer structure includes a second substrate and a second surface layer covering the second substrate.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, the thermal insulation layer structure includes a second substrate and a second surface layer covering the second substrate, so that the heat conducted to the thermal insulation layer structure can be weakened multiple times through the second surface layer and the second substrate, thereby enabling the thermal insulation layer structure to have better thermal insulation capacity.

In some embodiments, the second facing layer includes a layer of thermally insulating material.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, the second surface layer is provided with a heat insulating function so as to hinder the conduction of heat through the second surface layer, thereby preventing the conduction of heat to adjacent normal battery cells when certain battery cells are in thermal runaway.

In some embodiments, the material of the second surface layer includes plastic or a metal-plastic composite material.

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some specific materials for the second surface layer, so that the second surface layer can have both heat insulation performance and good supporting performance and insulation performance.

In some embodiments, a cavity is defined in the second surface layer.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, a cavity is provided in the second surface layer to further improve the heat insulation capacity of the second surface layer, while also being able to reduce the weight of the second surface layer, thereby reducing the overall weight of the heat insulation structure.

In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the second surface layer ranges from 0.15 W/(m·K) to 0.20 W/(m·K).

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some thermal conductivity ranges of the second surface layer so that the second surface layer can better hinder the conduction of heat.

In some embodiments, the material of the second substrate includes heat insulating material.

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some specific structures of the second substrate so that the second substrate can have heat insulation capabilities to prevent temperature conduction.

In some embodiments, the material of the second matrix includes glass fiber, carbon fiber, pre-oxidized fiber, and silicon-based aerogel.

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some specific materials for the second substrate so that the second substrate can better hinder the conduction of heat.

In some embodiments, the thermal insulation structure further includes a channel structure, and the channel structure is used for allowing heat exchange medium to flow.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, a channel structure is provided, and a heat exchange medium flows through the channel structure. In the case of thermal runaway of certain battery cells, this arrangement enables the heat exchange medium passing through the channel structure to better reduce the temperature of the battery cells; in the case of excessively low temperatures of certain battery cells, this arrangement enables the heat exchange medium passing through the channel structure to better increase the temperature of the battery cells; at the same time, when the battery is in normal use, this arrangement enables the thermal insulation structure to also have a certain battery internal temperature management function, and this arrangement can reduce the battery's demand for a cold plate structure, so as to reduce the volume of the cold plate structure and reduce the space occupied by the cold plate structure, thereby reducing the negative impact of the cold plate structure on the battery energy density.

In some embodiments, the channel structure is formed inside at least one of the first layer structure or the second layer structure.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, the channel structure is formed inside the first layer structure or the second layer structure, so that the thermal insulation structure can have a certain thermal management capability and can also reduce the negative impact of the channel structure on the thickness of the thermal insulation structure.

In some embodiments, the channel structure includes a flow channel formed in the first layer structure or the second layer structure, and is used for heat exchange medium to flow through.

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some specific structures of the channel structure so that the channel structure can better control the temperature of adjacent battery cells.

In some embodiments, the channel structure is disposed on a side of the first layer structure facing the second layer structure, and/or the channel structure is disposed on a side of the first layer structure facing away from the second layer structure.

In the technical solution of this embodiment, the channel structure is located outside the first layer structure and the second layer structure, so that the channel structure can have a larger volume, thereby enabling the channel structure to have a stronger heat exchange capacity and to better control the temperature of adjacent battery cells; at the same time, this arrangement also enables the channel structure to be located in the arrangement direction of the first layer structure and the second layer structure, so that the channel structure can also absorb or release heat in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cells, so as to better hinder the heat conduction between abnormal battery cells and normal battery cells.

In some embodiments, the channel structure includes a third substrate and a flow channel formed in the third substrate, and the flow channel is used for heat exchange medium to flow.

The technical solution of this embodiment provides some specific structures of the channel structure so that the channel structure can better control the temperature of adjacent battery cells.

In a second aspect, some embodiments of the present application further provide an electrical device, comprising the battery of some embodiments of the first aspect.

On the third aspect, some embodiments of the present application also provide a thermal insulation pad, including: a thermal insulation structure, including a first layer structure and a second layer structure connected to the first layer structure, the first layer structure is arranged on opposite sides of the second layer structure; one of the first layer structure and the second layer structure is a thermal insulation layer structure, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure; the heat exchange layer structure includes a first substrate and a first surface layer covering the first substrate, the first substrate is used to absorb or release heat.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

It will become clear to those skilled in the art. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. In addition, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same components throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of the arrangement of battery cells and heat insulation structures provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG5 is a front view schematic diagram of a heat insulation structure provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG6 is a bottom view schematic diagram of a heat insulation structure provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG7 is a schematic side view of a heat insulation structure provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a heat insulation structure provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first surface layer or the second surface layer provided in some embodiments of the present application;

FIG10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a heat insulation structure provided in some other embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a bottom view schematic diagram of a heat insulation structure provided in other embodiments of the present application.

The meanings of the marks in the figure are:

1000. Vehicles;

100. Battery;

10. Box body; 11. Upper box body; 12. Lower box body;

20. Battery cell; 21. Electrode assembly; 22. Housing; 23. End cap; 24. Electrode terminal;

30. Insulation structure; 31. First layer structure; 32. Second layer structure; 33. Insulation layer structure; 331. Second substrate; 332. Second surface layer; 34. Heat exchange layer structure; 341. First substrate; 342. First surface layer; 35. Channel structure; 351. Flow channel; 352. Third substrate;

200, motor;

300. Controller.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish different objects, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

At present, from the perspective of market development, the application of power batteries is becoming more and more extensive. Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of power batteries, the market demand is also constantly expanding.

In the event that one or some battery cells in a battery experience thermal runaway, the heat generated by the battery cells in thermal runaway can easily be transferred to other adjacent normal battery cells, and can easily cause the thermal runaway to gradually spread until it spreads to the entire battery, causing the battery to be unable to be used normally, and may even cause the battery to catch fire.

In order to alleviate the problem that thermal runaway of one or some battery cells is easy to spread to the entire battery, the battery cells can be separated by a thermal insulation structure. However, the current thermal insulation structure usually only includes thermal insulation materials; although such a thermal insulation structure can also play a role in hindering heat conduction, under the action of the thermal insulation structure, the heat of the thermal runaway battery cell is not easy to dissipate in time, and the temperature of the thermal runaway battery cell is not easy to drop or even rises rapidly, which can easily lead to excessive local temperature of the battery, resulting in reduced battery performance, and even battery fire.

Based on the above considerations, in order to improve the thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation structure and reduce the temperature rise rate of the battery cell in thermal runaway, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, wherein a thermal insulation structure is arranged between two adjacent battery cells; the thermal insulation structure includes a first layer structure and a second layer structure, and the first layer structure is located on opposite sides of the second layer structure, and at the same time, one of the first layer structure and the second layer structure is a heat exchange layer structure, and the other is a thermal insulation layer structure.

In such a battery, the thermal insulation structure can separate the individual battery cells to reduce the negative impact of thermal runaway of one or some battery cells on adjacent normal battery cells; the thermal insulation structure is a multi-layer structure, and the thermal insulation structure includes a heat exchange layer structure and a thermal insulation layer structure, so that the thermal insulation structure has both thermal insulation capability and a certain heat absorption capability, so that the thermal insulation structure can not only prevent heat from being transferred to adjacent normal battery cells when one or some battery cells thermally runaway, but also absorb part of the heat, so as to slow down the temperature rise rate of the battery cells in thermal runaway, and reduce the heat transferred to adjacent normal battery cells.

The battery disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in an electrical device that uses the battery as a power source or various energy storage systems that use the battery as an energy storage element. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like. Among them, the electric toy can include a fixed or mobile electric toy, for example, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, and the like, and the spacecraft can include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, and the like.

For the convenience of description, the following embodiments are described by taking a vehicle 1000 as an example of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Referring to Figure 1, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application. The vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc. A battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000. The battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 300 and a motor 200, and the controller 300 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 200, for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.

In some embodiments of the present application, the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

Referring to FIG. 2 , FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application. The battery 100 includes a case 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is contained in the case 10. Among them, the case 10 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 20, and the case 10 can adopt a variety of structures. In some embodiments, the case 10 may include an upper case 11 and a lower case 12, and the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 cover each other, and the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 20. The lower case 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the upper case 11 may be a plate-like structure, and the upper case 11 covers the open side of the lower case 12, so that the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 jointly define a storage space; the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the upper case 11 covers the open side of the lower case 12. Of course, the box body 10 formed by the upper box body 11 and the lower box body 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.

In the battery 100, there may be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection. A mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel. The multiple battery cells 20 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be a battery 100 module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery 100 modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10. The battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.

Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery, or a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto. The battery cell 20 may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or in other shapes.

Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application. The battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery 100. As shown in the figure, the battery cell 20 includes an end cap 23, a housing 22, an electrode assembly 21 and other functional components.

The end cap 23 refers to a component that covers the opening of the shell 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment. Without limitation, the shape of the end cap 23 can be adapted to the shape of the shell 22 to match the shell 22. Optionally, the end cap 23 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 23 is not easy to deform when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher structural strength and the safety performance can also be improved. Functional components such as electrode terminals 24 can be provided on the end cap 23. The electrode terminal 24 can be used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 21 to output or input the electrical energy of the battery cell 20. In some embodiments, the end cap 23 can also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold. The material of the end cap 23 can also be a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this. In some embodiments, an insulating member may be provided inside the end cap 23, and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cap 23 to reduce the risk of short circuit. For example, the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, or the like.

The shell 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 23 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 21, the electrolyte and other components. The shell 22 and the end cap 23 can be independent components, and an opening can be set on the shell 22, and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 is formed by covering the opening with the end cap 23 at the opening. Without limitation, the end cap 23 and the shell 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cap 23 and the shell 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the shell, and when the interior of the shell 22 needs to be encapsulated, the end cap 23 is covered with the shell 22. The shell 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the shell 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 21. The material of the shell 22 can be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.

The electrode assembly 21 is a component in the battery cell 20 where electrochemical reactions occur. One or more electrode assemblies 21 may be contained in the housing 22. The electrode assembly 21 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets. The parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets with active materials constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 21, and the parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active materials each constitute a tab. The positive tab and the negative tab may be located together at one end of the main body or respectively at both ends of the main body. During the charge and discharge process of the battery 100, the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs connect the electrode terminals 24 to form a current loop.

In the first aspect, referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 4 to FIG. 8, and FIG. 10, some embodiments of the present application provide a battery 100, including a battery cell 20 and a heat insulation structure 30. There are at least two battery cells 20; the heat insulation structure 30 is arranged between two adjacent battery cells 20, and the heat insulation structure 30 includes a first layer structure 31 and a second layer structure 32 connected to the first layer structure 31. In the arrangement direction of the two adjacent battery cells 20, the first layer structure 31 is arranged on the opposite sides of the second layer structure 32; one of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32 is a heat insulation layer structure 33, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure 34.

In FIG. 2 , the direction of the X-axis is the length direction of the battery 100 , the direction of the Y-axis is the width direction of the battery 100 , and the direction of the Z-axis is the height direction of the battery 100 .

A battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that makes up the battery 100; the number of battery cells 20 is at least two, that is, there may be two battery cells 20, or there may be three or more battery cells 20. The plurality of battery cells 20 may be arranged along the length direction X of the battery 100, or along the width direction Y of the battery 100, or may be arranged in a rectangular array along the length direction X and the width direction Y of the battery 100, respectively. The plurality of battery cells 20 may also be arranged in other ways.

The thermal insulation structure 30 refers to a structure in the battery 100 for preventing heat conduction. The shape of the thermal insulation structure 30 may be square, circular or other shapes. The shape of the thermal insulation structure 30 may also be set according to the shape of the battery cell 20. The thermal insulation structure 30 may completely cover the side surfaces of adjacent battery cells 20, or may only cover part of the side surfaces of adjacent battery cells 20. The upper end of the thermal insulation structure 30 along the height direction Z of the battery 100 may abut against the upper box body 11, or may be spaced apart from the upper box body 11. The lower end of the thermal insulation structure 30 along the height direction Z of the battery 100 may abut against the lower box body 12, or may be spaced apart from the lower box body 12.

The thermal insulation structure 30 is disposed between two adjacent battery cells 20. The thermal insulation structure 30 may be in contact with the adjacent battery cells 20, or may be spaced apart from the adjacent battery cells 20. The thermal insulation structure 30 may be connected to the adjacent battery cells 20, or may be connected to the box body 10. The thermal insulation structure 30 may also be clamped by two adjacent battery cells 20 to be fixed in the box body 10.

The thermal insulation structure 30 is arranged between two adjacent battery cells 20. The thermal insulation structure 30 can be arranged only between two battery cells 20 with opposite large surfaces, that is, at this time, the thermal insulation structure 30 is opposite to the large surfaces of the adjacent battery cells 20, and the large surfaces refer to the two relatively large side surfaces of the battery cells 20; the thermal insulation structure 30 can also be arranged between any two adjacent battery cells 20.

The thermal insulation structure 30 is arranged between two adjacent battery cells 20. In the case of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 on one side of the thermal insulation structure 30, the thermal insulation structure 30 can prevent the thermal runaway battery cell 20 from transferring heat to the normal battery cell 20 on the other side of the thermal insulation structure 30, so that the normal battery cell 20 is not easily disturbed by the adjacent thermal runaway battery cell 20, thereby suppressing the diffusion of heat of the thermal runaway battery cell 20.

For example, the thermal insulation structure 30 is disposed between any two adjacent battery cells 20; at this time, when multiple battery cells 20 are arranged in a rectangular array along the length direction X and the width direction Y of the battery 100, multiple thermal insulation structures 30 can be disposed around the battery cells 20 to prevent the heat generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 from being transferred to the normal battery cells 20 on either side thereof, thereby better suppressing the diffusion of heat from the battery cells 20 in thermal runaway.

The first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32 both refer to structures in the thermal insulation structure 30 for hindering heat conduction. The shape of the first layer structure 31 can be circular, square or other shapes, and the shape of the second layer structure 32 can be circular, square or other shapes. The shapes of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32 can also be set according to the shape of the battery cell 20.

The first layer structure 31 is arranged on opposite sides of the second layer structure 32, that is, the second layer structure 32 is sandwiched between two first layer structures 31; the first layer structure 31 can be fixedly connected to the second layer structure 32 by gluing or the like, and can also be detachably connected to the second layer structure 32 by snapping or the like.

In the arrangement direction of the battery cells 20, the first layer structure 31 is arranged on opposite sides of the second layer structure 32, that is, the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32 are stacked along the arrangement direction of two adjacent battery cells 20, and the first layer structure 31 is adjacent to the adjacent battery cells 20; for example, the heat insulation structure 30 is located between two adjacent battery cells 20 arranged along the length direction X of the battery 100, and the first layer structure 31 is arranged on both sides of the second layer structure 32 along the length direction X of the battery 100, that is, one first layer structure 31, the second layer structure 32 and another first layer structure 31 are arranged in sequence along the length direction X of the battery 100; For example, the heat insulation structure 30 is located between two adjacent battery cells 20 arranged along the width direction Y of the battery 100. At this time, the first layer structure 31 is arranged on both sides of the second layer structure 32 along the width direction Y of the battery 100, that is, a first layer structure 31, a second layer structure 32 and another first layer structure 31 are arranged in sequence along the width direction Y of the battery 100; in the process of the thermal runaway battery cell 20 conducting heat to the adjacent normal battery cell 20, this arrangement can enable the heat to be conducted through a first layer structure 31, a second layer structure 32 and another first layer structure 31 in sequence, so as to achieve the effect of multiple times hindering heat conduction.

The heat insulation layer structure 33 refers to a structure with heat insulation capability. The heat insulation layer structure 33 has a low thermal conductivity coefficient so that the heat insulation layer structure 33 can hinder the conduction of heat.

The heat exchange layer structure 34 refers to a structure with heat exchange capability. The heat absorption coefficient of the heat exchange layer structure 34 is large, so that the heat exchange layer structure 34 can absorb more heat to reduce the heat conducted. The heat exchange layer structure 34 can also release heat when the temperature of the adjacent battery cells 20 is low to slow down the temperature drop rate of the adjacent battery cells 20.

One of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32 is a heat insulation layer structure 33, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure 34, that is, the first layer structure 31 can be a heat insulation layer structure 33, in which case the second layer structure 32 is a heat exchange layer structure 34; the first layer structure 31 can also be a heat exchange layer structure 34, in which case the second layer structure 32 is a heat insulation layer structure 33. This arrangement enables the heat insulation structure 30 to both hinder the conduction of heat through the heat insulation layer structure 33 and absorb heat through the heat exchange layer structure 34; in the case where the thermal runaway battery cell 20 conducts heat to the adjacent normal battery cell 20, this arrangement enables the heat insulation structure 30 to better reduce the heat conducted to the normal battery cell 20.

In this embodiment, the heat insulation structure 30 can separate the battery cells 20 to reduce the negative impact of thermal runaway of one or some battery cells 20 on adjacent normal battery cells 20; the heat insulation structure 30 is a multi-layer structure, and the heat insulation structure 30 includes a heat exchange layer structure 34 and a heat insulation layer structure 33, so that the heat insulation structure 30 has both heat insulation ability and a certain heat absorption ability, so that the heat insulation structure 30 can not only prevent heat from being transferred to adjacent normal battery cells 20 when one or some battery cells 20 are in thermal runaway, but also absorb part of the heat to prevent the temperature of the battery cells 20 in thermal runaway from rising, and reduce the heat transferred to the adjacent normal battery cells 20; the heat exchange layer structure 34 can also release heat when the temperature of the adjacent battery cells 20 is low, so as to slow down the temperature drop rate of the battery cells 20. At this time, the heat insulation structure 30 can also reduce the diffusion of low temperature to other battery cells 20.

8 , in some embodiments, the first layer structure 31 is a heat insulation layer structure 33 , and the second layer structure 32 is a heat exchange layer structure 34 .

Because the first layer structure 31 is arranged on the opposite sides of the second layer structure 32, at this time, the thermal insulation structure 30 includes two thermal insulation layer structures 33, and a heat exchange layer structure 34 is arranged between the two thermal insulation layer structures 33; because the thermal insulation structure 30 is located between two adjacent battery cells 20, that is, the two thermal insulation layer structures 33 are respectively adjacent to the adjacent battery cells 20.

In the case of thermal runaway of a battery cell 20, the heat generated by the thermal runaway will first be transferred to an adjacent heat insulation layer structure 33, which has a poor thermal conductivity, thereby reducing the amount of heat transferred to the heat exchange layer structure 34; the heat exchange layer structure 34 can absorb part of the heat and transfer the remaining heat to another heat insulation layer structure 33, which has a poor thermal conductivity, thereby reducing the amount of heat transferred to the adjacent normal battery cell 20. That is, under the multi-layer obstruction of a heat insulation layer structure 33, a heat exchange layer structure 34 and another heat insulation layer structure 33, the amount of heat transferred to the adjacent normal battery cell 20 is low, thereby reducing the negative impact of the thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 on the adjacent normal battery cell 20.

In the event that a battery cell 20 is abnormal and causes its temperature to be too low, the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can also prevent the negative impact of the low temperature on the adjacent normal battery cells 20, while the heat exchange layer structure 34 can also release heat to slow down the temperature drop rate of the battery cell 20; because the working efficiency of the battery cell 20 will be reduced in a lower temperature environment, this setting can reduce the negative impact of the low temperature of a battery cell 20 on the adjacent normal battery cells 20.

In this embodiment, because the first layer structure 31 is located on the opposite sides of the second layer structure 32, the first layer structure 31 is an insulation layer structure 33, so that the insulation structure 30 can have better insulation performance, so that the insulation structure 30 can better prevent heat from being transferred to the adjacent normal battery cells 20 when certain battery cells 20 are in thermal runaway, so that the insulation structure 30 can better alleviate the spread of thermal runaway inside the battery 100; at the same time, this setting can also reduce the negative impact of the battery cell 20 on the adjacent normal battery cell 20 when the temperature of the battery cell 20 is too low.

Referring to FIG. 10 , in some other embodiments, the first layer structure 31 is a heat exchange layer structure 34 , and the second layer structure 32 is a heat insulation layer structure 33 .

Because the first layer structure 31 is arranged on the opposite sides of the second layer structure 32, at this time, the insulation structure 30 includes two heat exchange layer structures 34, and a heat insulation layer structure 33 is arranged between the two heat exchange layer structures 34; because the insulation structure 30 is located between two adjacent battery cells 20, that is, the two heat exchange layer structures 34 are respectively adjacent to the adjacent battery cells 20.

In the event of thermal runaway of a battery cell 20, the heat generated by the thermal runaway will first be conducted to an adjacent heat exchange layer structure 34, which can absorb part of the heat to reduce the amount of heat conducted to the insulation layer structure 33, and then the heat exchange layer structure 34 can conduct the remaining heat to the insulation layer structure 33; the insulation layer structure 33 has a poor thermal conductivity, thereby reducing the amount of heat conducted to another heat exchange layer structure 34; the other heat exchange layer structure 34 can absorb heat, and since the amount of heat conducted to the heat exchange layer structure 34 is relatively low, the heat exchange layer structure 34 can absorb all of the heat, or only part of the heat, and conduct the remaining heat to an adjacent normal battery cell 20.

Under the multi-layer obstruction of a heat exchange layer structure 34, a heat insulation layer structure 33 and another heat exchange layer structure 34, the heat transferred to the adjacent normal battery cells 20 is relatively low, thereby reducing the negative impact of the thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 on the adjacent normal battery cells 20; at the same time, the volume of the heat exchange layer structure 34 is also increased in this setting, so that the heat insulation structure 30 can have a stronger heat absorption capacity, so that the heat insulation structure 30 can also better suppress the heating rate of the battery cells 20 in thermal runaway, thereby reducing the risk of fire and the like caused by excessive temperature.

When a battery cell 20 is abnormal and causes the temperature to be too low, the adjacent normal battery cell 20 will transfer heat to the abnormal battery cell 20. At this time, the thermal insulation structure 30 can hinder the conduction of heat, thereby slowing down the temperature drop rate of the normal battery cell 20 and slowing down the heat dissipation rate of the normal battery cell 20.

When a battery cell 20 is abnormal and causes the temperature to be too low, the two heat exchange layer structures 34 can release more heat to better slow down the temperature drop of the battery cell 20; at the same time, this setting can also reduce the negative impact of the low temperature of a battery cell 20 on the adjacent normal battery cells 20.

In this embodiment, because the first layer structure 31 is located on the opposite sides of the second layer structure 32, the first layer structure 31 is a heat exchange layer structure 34, so that the thermal insulation structure 30 can have better heat absorption performance, so that the thermal insulation structure 30 can better reduce the heat generated by thermal runaway when certain battery cells 20 have thermal runaway, so that the thermal insulation structure 30 can better reduce the risk of fire and the like that may be caused by excessive heat; at the same time, this setting can also reduce the negative impact of the battery cell 20 on the adjacent normal battery cells 20 when the temperature of the battery cell 20 is too low.

8 and 10 , in some embodiments, the heat exchange layer structure 34 includes a first substrate 341 and a first surface layer 342 covering the first substrate 341 , and the first substrate 341 is used to absorb or release heat.

The first substrate 341 refers to the structure in the heat exchange layer structure 34 that is mainly used to absorb heat. The shape of the first substrate 341 can be circular, square or other shapes. The shape of the first substrate 341 can also be set according to the shape of the heat exchange layer structure 34. At room temperature, the first substrate 341 can be in a solid state or a non-solid state (such as a liquid state or a solid-liquid mixed state).

The first surface layer 342 refers to the structure that covers the first substrate 341 in the heat exchange layer structure 34. The first surface layer 342 can enclose an internal space to accommodate the first substrate 341 in the internal space; the first surface layer 342 can be in contact with the first substrate 341, and there may be a gap between part of the first surface layer 342 and the first substrate 341; the first surface layer 342 can be a hard structure or a flexible structure; according to the material of the first surface layer 342, the first surface layer 342 can be used for heat insulation or for heat absorption; when the first substrate 341 is non-solid, the first surface layer 342 is also used as a carrier of the first substrate 341.

In the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, the heat of thermal runaway will first be conducted to the adjacent portion of the first surface layer 342 after passing through the adjacent thermal insulation layer structure 33; the first surface layer 342 can absorb or block part of the heat, and conduct the remaining heat to the first substrate 341. After the first substrate 341 absorbs part of the heat, the remaining heat will be conducted to the portion of the first surface layer 342 on the other side. After the portion of the first surface layer 342 absorbs or blocks part of the heat, the remaining heat will be conducted to the adjacent thermal insulation layer structure 33.

When the battery cell 20 is abnormal and causes the temperature to be too low, the first substrate 341 can release heat to slow down the temperature drop rate of the abnormal battery cell 20; at the same time, the adjacent normal battery cell 20 will conduct heat to the abnormal battery cell 20. At this time, the first surface layer 342 can hinder the conduction of heat, and the first substrate 341 can conduct heat to the adjacent normal battery cell 20, thereby slowing down the temperature drop rate of the normal battery cell 20 and slowing down the heat loss rate of the normal battery cell 20.

In this embodiment, the heat exchange layer structure 34 includes a first substrate 341 and a first surface layer 342 covering the first substrate 341, so that the heat conducted to the heat exchange layer structure 34 can be weakened multiple times by the first surface layer 342 and the first substrate 341, so that the heat exchange layer structure 34 can have better heat insulation and heat absorption capabilities; the first substrate 341 is used to absorb heat, so that the heat exchange layer structure 34 also has the effect of lowering the temperature.

In some embodiments, the first facing layer 342 includes a layer of thermally insulating material.

The first surface layer 342 includes a heat-insulating material layer. In the case of thermal runaway of an adjacent battery cell 20 , the first surface layer 342 can block part of the heat, thereby reducing the heat conducted to the first substrate 341 .

Because the first surface layer 342 covers the heat-absorbing base layer, and the heat exchange layer structure 34 and the heat insulation layer structure 33 are arranged along the arrangement direction of adjacent battery cells 20, the heat conduction direction in the heat insulation structure 30 is the same as the arrangement direction of the heat exchange layer structure 34 and the heat insulation layer structure 33; accordingly, in the case of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 on one side of the heat insulation structure 30, the heat generated by the thermal runaway will be blocked by the two layers of the first surface layer 342 when passing through the heat exchange layer structure 34, so that the heat exchange layer structure 34 can better play the role of hindering heat transfer.

In this embodiment, the first surface layer 342 has a heat insulation function to prevent heat conduction through the first surface layer 342 , thereby preventing heat from being conducted to adjacent normal battery cells 20 when certain battery cells 20 are in thermal runaway.

In some embodiments, the material of the first surface layer 342 includes plastic or a metal-plastic composite material.

The material of the first surface layer 342 may include plastic, which has a low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. At the same time, plastic also has good mechanical strength, so that the heat exchange layer structure 34 can have good strength. Plastic also has good insulation properties, so that the heat exchange layer structure 34 can reduce negative impacts such as discharge on adjacent normal battery cells 20 when the battery cell 20 is damaged. Plastic also has the advantages of low density and easy processing.

The plastic material of the first surface layer 342 may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI) or other plastics.

The material of the first surface layer 342 may also include a metal-plastic composite material. The metal-plastic composite material has a low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. At the same time, the metal-plastic composite material also has good mechanical strength, low density, and is easy to process.

The metal-plastic composite material of the first surface layer 342 may include aluminum-plastic material or other metal-plastic composite materials.

It is understandable that, in addition to plastic and metal-plastic composite materials, the first surface layer 342 may also include other materials with lower thermal conductivity, poorer thermal conductivity, higher strength, better insulation performance, and better heat resistance.

This embodiment provides some specific materials for the first surface layer 342 so that the first surface layer 342 can have both heat insulation performance and good supporting performance and insulation performance.

In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 ranges from 0.15 W/(m·K) to 0.20 W/(m·K).

The unit of thermal conductivity is W/(m·Kelvin), which refers to the amount of heat transferred through an area of 1 square meter within 1 second when the temperature difference between the surfaces of both sides of the material is 1 Kelvin. The larger the value of the thermal conductivity, the better the thermal conductivity of the material, and vice versa.

The thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 may be 0.15 W/(m·K), 0.16 W/(m·K), 0.17 W/(m·K), 0.18 W/(m·K), 0.19 W/(m·K), 0.20 W/(m·K) or other values.

For example, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 may be 0.15 W/(m·K). In this case, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 is poor, and less heat is transferred through the first surface layer 342 , thereby better reducing the heat transferred from the thermally runaway battery cell 20 to the adjacent normal battery cell 20 .

For example, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 can be 0.175 W/(m·K). At this time, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 is moderate. The first surface layer 342 can both block part of the heat transfer and transfer part of the heat to the first substrate 341, so that the first substrate 341 can absorb part of the heat to reduce the temperature rise rate of the battery cell 20 with thermal runaway.

For example, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 may be 0.20 W/(m·K), in which case the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 is relatively good within the range of its thermal conductivity, so that the first substrate 341 can absorb more heat to reduce the temperature rise rate of the battery cell 20 in thermal runaway.

This embodiment provides some thermal conductivity ranges of the first surface layer 342 so that the first surface layer 342 can better hinder the conduction of heat.

Referring to FIG. 9 , in some embodiments, a cavity is defined in the first surface layer 342 .

The cavity may be a space set inside the first surface layer 342 through a processing technique, or may be a micro-space structure inherent in the material of the first surface layer 342 ; there may be only one cavity in the first surface layer 342 , or there may be two or more cavities.

The volume of the cavity can be relatively large, or the cavity can be a micro space. For example, when there is one cavity, the volume of the cavity can be relatively large, for example, the volume of the cavity can be 30%, 40%, etc. of the volume of the first surface layer 342; for example, when the cavity is a micro space structure of the material of the first surface layer 342 itself, the volume of a single cavity can be relatively small, and the number of cavities can be relatively large, and the cavities can be densely spaced in the first surface layer 342.

Since the thermal conductivity of air is relatively poor, providing a cavity in the first surface layer 342 can further improve the thermal insulation capability of the first surface layer 342 and reduce the heat conducted by the first surface layer 342 .

Since there is air in the cavity and the density of air is lower than the density of the common material of the first surface layer 342 , the provision of the cavity can also reduce the density of the first surface layer 342 , thereby reducing the weight of the first surface layer 342 .

In this embodiment, a cavity is provided in the first surface layer 342 to further improve the heat insulation capability of the first surface layer 342 , while also reducing the weight of the first surface layer 342 , thereby reducing the overall weight of the heat insulation structure 30 .

In some embodiments where a cavity is provided in the first surface layer 342 , the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 ranges from 0.05 W/(m·K) to 0.10 W/(m·K).

The thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 may be 0.05 W/(m·K), 0.06 W/(m·K), 0.07 W/(m·K), 0.08 W/(m·K), 0.09 W/(m·K), 0.10 W/(m·K) or other values.

For example, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 may be 0.05 W/(m·K). In this case, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 is poor, and less heat is transferred through the first surface layer 342 , thereby better reducing the heat conducted from the thermally runaway battery cell 20 to the adjacent normal battery cell 20 .

For example, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 can be 0.075 W/(m·K). At this time, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 is moderate. The first surface layer 342 can both block part of the heat transfer and transfer part of the heat to the first substrate 341, so that the first substrate 341 can absorb part of the heat to reduce the temperature rise rate of the battery cell 20 with thermal runaway.

For example, the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 may be 0.1 W/(m·K), in which case the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer 342 is relatively good within the range of its thermal conductivity, so that the first substrate 341 can absorb more heat to reduce the temperature rise rate of the battery cell 20 in thermal runaway.

This embodiment provides some thermal conductivity ranges of the first surface layer 342 having cavities, so that the first surface layer 342 can better hinder the conduction of heat.

In some embodiments, the material of the first substrate 341 includes a heat storage material.

The material of the first substrate 341 includes a heat storage material, which may be a solid material or a non-solid material (such as a liquid or a solid-liquid mixture). In the event of thermal runaway of an adjacent battery cell 20, the first substrate 341 can absorb part of the heat, thereby reducing the heat conducted to the adjacent normal battery cell 20. At the same time, it can also reduce the heating rate of the adjacent thermal runaway battery cell 20, thereby reducing the risk of fire and the like that may be caused by excessive heating rate.

Since the first surface layer 342 can be used for both absorbing and blocking heat, and the first substrate 341 is mainly used for absorbing or releasing heat, the material of the first substrate 341 includes heat storage material; in the case of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 on one side of the thermal insulation structure 30, part of the heat generated by the thermal runaway will be absorbed when passing through the first substrate 341 of the heat exchange layer structure 34, so that the heat exchange layer structure 34 can better hinder heat transfer, and at the same time can also reduce the heating rate of the battery cell 20 in thermal runaway.

This embodiment provides some specific structures of the first substrate 341 so that the first substrate 341 can have heat absorption capability, so as to reduce the temperature of the adjacent battery cells 20 .

In some embodiments where the material of the first substrate 341 includes a heat storage material, the material of the first substrate 341 also includes a fiber material, and the heat storage material is attached to the fiber material.

Fibrous materials refer to structured materials formed by processing fibrous substances. Fibrous materials include natural fibers, inorganic fibers, and synthetic fibers. Fibrous materials have high mechanical strength, low density, good insulation properties, good heat resistance, and good fatigue resistance.

The heat storage material is attached to the fiber material so that the fiber material serves as a carrier of the heat storage material. Since the heat storage material can be a non-solid material, and in the case where the heat storage material is a solid material, the heat storage material can also be granular. In the case where the heat storage material is a non-solid material or granular, the heat storage material is not easy to be evenly distributed in the internal space surrounded by the first surface layer 342, which can easily lead to poor consistency of the heat exchange layer structure 34.

Accordingly, the first substrate 341 also includes fiber material, and the heat storage material is attached to the fiber material. The fiber material serves as the skeleton of the first substrate 341 so that the heat storage material can be more evenly distributed in the internal space surrounded by the first surface layer 342, thereby improving the consistency of the first substrate 341.

It is understandable that, since fiber materials generally have poor heat absorption capacity, the proportion of fiber materials in the first matrix 341 should not be too large to reduce the negative impact of the fiber materials on the heat absorption capacity of the first matrix 341 .

This embodiment further provides some specific structures of the first matrix 341 so that the heat storage material is attached to the fiber material, so that the heat storage material can be more evenly distributed in the first matrix 341, thereby improving the consistency of the heat absorption performance of various parts of the first matrix 341.

In some embodiments where the material of the first substrate 341 includes a heat storage material, the heat storage material includes a phase change material.

Phase change material refers to a material that can change from one physical state (such as solid, liquid, etc.) to another physical state when the temperature reaches a specific point, and absorb or release heat during the phase change process; phase change materials include stepless phase change materials, organic phase change materials, composite phase change materials, etc.; for example, the phase change material can be a hydrogel phase change material.

For example, at room temperature, the phase change material can be non-solid, and the phase change material can be attached to the fiber material to improve the consistency of the first matrix 341; in the case of thermal runaway of adjacent battery cells 20, the phase change material can change to a gaseous state and absorb heat; when the battery 100 is in a low temperature condition, the phase change material can also change to a solid state and release heat.

This embodiment further provides some specific heat storage materials, making the heat storage materials phase change materials, so that the first substrate 341 can have higher heat absorption efficiency and higher safety performance; this setting also enables the first substrate 341 to release heat when the internal temperature of the battery 100 is too low, so as to adjust the temperature inside the battery 100, thereby improving the stability of the internal temperature of the battery 100.

In the case where some thermal storage materials include a phase change material, the phase change enthalpy of the phase change material has a value greater than or equal to 1000 J/g.

The phase change enthalpy of phase change material is a physical parameter that describes the heat absorbed or released by the phase change material during the phase change process. The phase change enthalpy reflects the change in the energy state of the phase change material during the phase change. The unit of phase change enthalpy is J/g, which is the heat absorbed or released when 1 gram of material rises by 1 degree Celsius.

The phase change enthalpy of the phase change material of the first matrix 341 may be 1000 J/g, or 1500 J/g, 2000 J/g, 2500 J/g, 3000 J/g or other values.

For example, the phase change enthalpy of the phase change material of the first substrate 341 can be 1000 J/g, so that the first substrate 341 can absorb part of the heat in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, thereby reducing the temperature rise rate of the battery cell 20 and reducing the heat transferred to the adjacent normal battery cell 20.

This embodiment provides some phase change enthalpy value ranges of phase change materials so that the first substrate 341 can have better thermal management capabilities, allowing the first substrate 341 to absorb more heat in a high-temperature environment and release more heat in a low-temperature environment.

8 and 10 , in some embodiments, the heat insulation layer structure 33 includes a second substrate 331 and a second surface layer 332 covering the second substrate 331 .

The second substrate 331 refers to the structure in the thermal insulation layer structure 33 that is mainly used to hinder heat conduction, that is, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the second substrate 331 is low and the thermal conductivity is poor; the shape of the second substrate 331 can be circular, square or other shapes, and the shape of the second substrate 331 can also be set according to the shape of the thermal insulation layer structure 33; at room temperature, the second substrate 331 can be in a solid state or a non-solid state (such as a liquid state or a solid-liquid mixed state).

The second surface layer 332 refers to the structure of the second substrate 331 in the heat insulation layer structure 33. The second surface layer 332 can enclose an internal space to accommodate the second substrate 331 in the internal space; the second surface layer 332 can be in contact with the second substrate 331, and there may be a gap between part of the second surface layer 332 and the second substrate 331; the second surface layer 332 can be a hard structure or a flexible structure; according to the material of the second surface layer 332, the second surface layer 332 can be used for heat insulation or for heat absorption; when the second substrate 331 is non-solid, the second surface layer 332 is also used as a carrier of the second substrate 331.

In the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, the heat of thermal runaway will first be conducted to the adjacent portion of the second surface layer 332; the second surface layer 332 can absorb or block part of the heat, and conduct the remaining heat to the second substrate 331, after the second substrate 331 blocks part of the heat; the remaining heat is conducted to the portion of the second surface layer 332 on the other side, after the portion of the second surface layer 332 absorbs or blocks part of the heat, the remaining heat is conducted to the adjacent heat exchange layer structure 34.

In this embodiment, the thermal insulation layer structure 33 includes a second substrate 331 and a second surface layer 332 covering the second substrate 331, so that the heat conducted to the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can be weakened multiple times by the second surface layer 332 and the second substrate 331, so that the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can have better thermal insulation ability.

In some embodiments, the second facing layer 332 includes a layer of thermally insulating material.

The second surface layer 332 includes a heat-insulating material layer. In the case of thermal runaway of an adjacent battery cell 20 , the second surface layer 332 can block part of the heat, thereby reducing the heat conducted to the second substrate 331 .

Because the second surface layer 332 covers the thermal insulation base layer, and the thermal insulation layer structure 33 and the thermal insulation layer structure 33 are arranged along the arrangement direction of adjacent battery cells 20, the heat conduction direction in the thermal insulation structure 30 is the same as the arrangement direction of the thermal insulation layer structure 33 and the thermal insulation layer structure 33; accordingly, in the case of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 on one side of the thermal insulation structure 30, the heat generated by the thermal runaway will be blocked by the two layers of the second surface layer 332 when passing through the thermal insulation layer structure 33, so that the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can better play the role of hindering heat transfer.

Similar to the first surface layer 342, the thermal conductivity of the second surface layer 332 can be in the range of 0.15W/(m·K) to 0.20W/(m·K); for example, the thermal conductivity of the second surface layer 332 can be 0.15W/(m·K), 0.16W/(m·K), 0.17W/(m·K), 0.18W/(m·K), 0.19W/(m·K), 0.20W/(m·K) or other values.

In this embodiment, the second surface layer 332 has a heat insulation function to prevent heat conduction through the second surface layer 332 , thereby preventing heat from being conducted to adjacent normal battery cells 20 when certain battery cells 20 are in thermal runaway.

In some embodiments, the material of the second surface layer 332 includes plastic or a metal-plastic composite material.

The material of the second surface layer 332 may include plastic, which has a low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. At the same time, plastic also has good mechanical strength, so that the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can have good strength. Plastic also has good insulation performance, so that the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can reduce the negative impact on the discharge of adjacent normal battery cells 20 when the battery cell 20 is damaged. Plastic also has the advantages of low density and easy processing.

The plastic material of the second surface layer 332 may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI) or other plastics.

The material of the second surface layer 332 may also include a metal-plastic composite material. The metal-plastic composite material has a low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. At the same time, the metal-plastic composite material also has good mechanical strength, low density, and is easy to process.

The metal-plastic composite material of the second surface layer 332 may include aluminum-plastic material or other metal-plastic composite materials.

It is understandable that, in addition to plastic and metal-plastic composite materials, the second surface layer 332 may also include other materials with lower thermal conductivity, poorer thermal conductivity, higher strength, better insulation performance, and better heat resistance.

This embodiment provides some specific materials for the second surface layer 332 so that the second surface layer 332 can have both heat insulation performance and good supporting performance and insulation performance.

Referring to FIG. 9 , in some embodiments, a cavity is defined in the second surface layer 332 .

The cavity may be a space set inside the second surface layer 332 through a processing technique, or may be a micro-space structure inherent in the material of the second surface layer 332 ; there may be only one cavity in the second surface layer 332 , or there may be two or more cavities.

The volume of the cavity can be relatively large, or the cavity can be a micro space. For example, when there is one cavity, the volume of the cavity can be relatively large, for example, the volume of the cavity can be 30%, 40%, etc. of the volume of the second surface layer 332; for example, when the cavity is a micro space structure of the material of the second surface layer 332 itself, the volume of a single cavity can be relatively small, and the number of cavities can be relatively large, and the cavities can be densely spaced in the second surface layer 332.

Since the thermal conductivity of air is relatively poor, providing a cavity in the second surface layer 332 can further improve the thermal insulation capability of the second surface layer 332 and reduce the heat conducted by the second surface layer 332 .

Since there is air in the cavity and the density of air is lower than the density of the common material of the second surface layer 332 , the provision of the cavity can also reduce the density of the second surface layer 332 , thereby reducing the weight of the second surface layer 332 .

Similar to the first surface layer 342, when a cavity is provided in the second surface layer 332, the thermal conductivity of the second surface layer 332 ranges from 0.05W/(m·K) to 0.10W/(m·K); by way of example, the thermal conductivity of the second surface layer 332 can be 0.05W/(m·K), 0.06W/(m·K), 0.07W/(m·K), 0.08W/(m·K), 0.09W/(m·K), 0.10W/(m·K) or other values.

In this embodiment, a cavity is provided in the second surface layer 332 to further improve the heat insulation capability of the second surface layer 332 , while also reducing the weight of the second surface layer 332 , thereby reducing the overall weight of the heat insulation structure 30 .

In some embodiments, the material of the second substrate 331 includes heat insulating material.

The material of the second substrate 331 includes a heat-insulating material, which may be a solid material or a non-solid material (such as a liquid or a solid-liquid mixture). In the event of thermal runaway of an adjacent battery cell 20 , the second substrate 331 may block part of the heat, thereby reducing the heat transferred to the adjacent normal battery cells 20 .

Since the second substrate 331 is mainly used to block the conduction of heat, the material of the second substrate 331 includes a heat-insulating material; in the case of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 on one side of the heat-insulating structure 30, part of the heat generated by the thermal runaway will be blocked by the second substrate 331 when passing through the second substrate 331 of the heat-insulating layer structure 33, thereby enabling the heat-insulating layer structure 33 to play a role in hindering heat transfer.

This embodiment provides some specific structures of the second substrate 331 so that the second substrate 331 can have heat insulation capability to prevent temperature conduction.

In some embodiments, the material of the second matrix 331 includes glass fiber, carbon fiber, pre-oxidized fiber, and silicon-based aerogel.

The material of the second matrix 331 may include glass fiber. The thermal conductivity of glass fiber is low and the thermal insulation performance is good. The heat resistance of glass fiber is good and it is not easy to lose performance in a high temperature environment. At the same time, glass fiber also has good mechanical strength, so that the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can have good strength.

The material of the second matrix 331 can also include carbon fiber. The thermal conductivity of carbon fiber is low and the thermal insulation performance is good. The heat resistance of carbon fiber is good and it is not easy to lose performance in a high temperature environment. At the same time, carbon fiber also has good mechanical strength and low density, so that the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can have good strength and light weight.

The material of the second matrix 331 may also include pre-oxidized fibers. Pre-oxidized fibers have a lower thermal conductivity and better thermal insulation properties. Pre-oxidized fibers have good flame retardancy and thermal stability and are not prone to performance loss under high temperature or fire conditions. Pre-oxidized fibers also have the advantages of easy processing.

The material of the second substrate 331 may also include silicon-based aerogel, which has low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. Silicon-based aerogel is non-flammable and resistant to burning, has good thermal stability, and is not prone to performance loss under high temperature or fire conditions. Silicon-based aerogel also has the advantages of easy processing.

This embodiment provides some specific materials for the second substrate 331 so that the second substrate 331 can better hinder the conduction of heat.

6 and 11 , in some embodiments, the heat insulation structure 30 further includes a channel structure 35 , and the channel structure 35 is used for allowing the heat exchange medium to circulate.

The channel structure 35 refers to a pipe-like structure for the circulation of heat exchange medium; the channel structure 35 can be arranged inside the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32, or the channel structure 35 can be arranged in both the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32. The channel structure 35 can also be arranged outside the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 and located between the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32. The channel structure 35 can also be arranged outside the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 and located on the side of the first layer structure 31 away from the second layer structure 32.

The heat exchange medium may include water, alcohol, chlorodifluoromethane or other materials that can absorb and release heat.

The channel structure 35 may include a tube body, and allow the heat exchange medium to flow inside the tube body. In this case, the channel structure 35 may be arranged inside the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32, or outside the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32; the channel structure 35 may also include only the channel, in which case the channel structure 35 may be opened inside the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32.

The channel structure 35 can be a straight channel structure extending along a reference straight line, or a bent channel structure extending along a reference straight line; the reference straight line of the channel structure 35 can be parallel to the length direction X, width direction Y or height direction Z of the battery 100; the channel structure 35 can be arranged on one side of the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 along the arrangement direction of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32, and the channel structure 35 can also be arranged on the other side of the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32; the cross-sectional shape of the channel structure 35 can be square, circular or other shapes; the number of channel structures 35 can be one, or two or more.

In this embodiment, a channel structure 35 is provided, and a heat exchange medium flows through the channel structure 35. In the case of thermal runaway of some battery cells 20, this arrangement enables the heat exchange medium passing through the channel structure 35 to better reduce the temperature of the battery cells 20; in the case of too low temperature of some battery cells 20, this arrangement enables the heat exchange medium passing through the channel structure 35 to better increase the temperature of the battery cells 20; at the same time, in the case of normal use of the battery 100, this arrangement enables the thermal insulation structure 30 to also have a certain temperature management function in the battery 100. This arrangement can reduce the demand of the battery 100 for the cold plate structure, so as to reduce the volume of the cold plate structure and reduce the space occupied by the cold plate structure, thereby reducing the negative impact of the cold plate structure on the energy density of the battery 100.

6 , in some embodiments, a channel structure 35 is formed inside at least one of the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 .

The channel structure 35 can be arranged in the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32, or the channel structure 35 can be arranged in both the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32; when the thermal insulation structure 30 includes two first layer structures 31, the channel structure 35 can be formed in any one of the first layer structures 31, or the channel structure 35 can be arranged in both first layer structures 31; when the thermal insulation structure 30 includes two second layer structures 32, the channel structure 35 can be formed in any one of the second layer structures 32, or the channel structure 35 can be arranged in both second layer structures 32.

The channel structure 35 in one insulation structure 30 can be connected to the channel structure 35 in another adjacent insulation structure 30 to form a pipeline structure, thereby facilitating the circulation of heat exchange medium between the insulation structures 30; the channel structure 35 can also be connected to an external heat exchange device or refrigeration device to facilitate controlling the temperature of the heat exchange medium.

A heat exchange medium flows in the channel structure 35 so that the flowing heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the corresponding first layer structure 31 or second layer structure 32 to control the heat on the corresponding first layer structure 31 or second layer structure 32, thereby better hindering the transfer of heat.

Since one of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32 is the heat insulation layer structure 33 and the other is the heat exchange layer structure 34 , the channel structure 35 can be formed in the heat insulation layer structure 33 or in the heat exchange layer structure 34 .

When the channel structure 35 is formed in the thermal insulation layer structure 33, the channel structure 35 can be formed in the second surface layer 332 or in the second substrate 331; at this time, the heat exchange medium in the channel structure 35 can exchange heat with the thermal insulation layer structure 33 to better control the temperature of the thermal insulation layer structure 33, so that the thermal insulation layer structure 33 can better hinder the conduction of heat.

When the channel structure 35 is formed in the heat exchange layer structure 34, the channel structure 35 can be formed in the first surface layer 342 or in the first substrate 341; at this time, the heat exchange medium in the channel structure 35 can exchange heat with the heat exchange layer structure 34 to better control the temperature of the heat exchange layer structure 34, so that the heat exchange layer structure 34 can better hinder the conduction of heat.

In this embodiment, the channel structure 35 is formed inside the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 , so that the thermal insulation structure 30 can have a certain thermal management capability and can also reduce the increase in thickness of the thermal insulation structure 30 caused by the channel structure 35 .

6 , in some embodiments, the channel structure 35 includes a flow channel 351 formed in the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 , and the flow channel 351 is used for allowing the heat exchange medium to flow.

The flow channel 351 refers to a channel-like structure opened in the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 . The heat exchange medium can flow in the flow channel 351 to facilitate heat exchange with the corresponding first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 .

The flow channel 351 can be a straight channel structure extending along a reference straight line, or a curved channel structure extending along a reference straight line; the reference straight line of the flow channel 351 can be parallel to the length direction X, width direction Y or height direction Z of the battery 100; the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel 351 can be square, circular or other shapes; in a first layer structure 31 or a second layer structure 32, the number of flow channels 351 can be one, or two or more.

This embodiment provides some specific structures of the channel structure 35 so that the channel structure 35 can better control the temperature of adjacent battery cells 20 .

11 , in some embodiments, the channel structure 35 is disposed on a side of the first layer structure 31 facing the second layer structure 32 , and/or the channel structure 35 is disposed on a side of the first layer structure 31 facing away from the second layer structure 32 .

The channel structure 35 is arranged on both sides of the first layer structure 31, that is, the channel structure 35 is located outside the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32. This arrangement makes the volume of the channel structure 35 less susceptible to the restrictions of the shapes of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32, so that the volume of the channel structure 35 can be larger, wherein the flow rate of the heat exchange medium can be larger, so that the channel structure 35 can have better heat exchange capacity.

The channel structure 35 can be located on the side of the first layer structure 31 facing the second layer structure 32, that is, the channel structure 35 can be located between the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32; the channel structure 35 can also be located on the side of the first layer structure 31 away from the second layer structure 32, that is, the channel structure 35 can be located between the first layer structure 31 and the adjacent battery cell 20.

The channel structure 35 is located on the side of the first layer structure 31 facing and/or away from the second layer structure 32, that is, the channel structure 35 is arranged along the arrangement direction of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32, so that the heat conducted by two adjacent battery cells 20 can pass through the channel structure 35, so that the channel structure 35 can better hinder the heat conduction between two adjacent battery cells 20.

In this embodiment, the channel structure 35 is located outside the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32, so that the channel structure 35 can have a larger volume, thereby enabling the channel structure 35 to have a stronger heat exchange capacity and to better control the temperature of adjacent battery cells 20; at the same time, this arrangement also enables the channel structure 35 to be located in the arrangement direction of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32, so that the channel structure 35 can also absorb or release heat in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, so as to better hinder the heat conduction between the abnormal battery cell 20 and the normal battery cell 20.

11 , in some embodiments, the channel structure 35 includes a third substrate 352 and a flow channel 351 formed in the third substrate 352 , and the flow channel 351 is used for allowing the heat exchange medium to flow.

The third substrate 352 refers to a structure in the channel structure 35 used to provide a carrier for the flow channel 351 and the heat exchange medium; according to the position of the channel structure 35, the third substrate 352 can be connected to the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32, and the third substrate 352 can be fixedly connected to the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 by bonding or the like, or can be detachably connected to the first layer structure 31 or the second layer structure 32 by snap-on or the like; the material of the third substrate 352 can include plastic, metal or other materials.

The third substrate 352 may have one flow channel 351 or a plurality of flow channels 351 .

This embodiment provides some specific structures of the channel structure 35 so that the channel structure 35 can better control the temperature of adjacent battery cells 20 .

In some embodiments, the battery 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 , and the plurality of battery cells 20 are arranged in an array along the length direction X and the width direction Y of the battery 100 ; a heat insulation structure 30 is disposed between two adjacent battery cells 20 .

The thermal insulation structure 30 includes a second layer structure 32 and two first layer structures 31 respectively arranged on both sides of the second layer structure 32, one of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32 is a thermal insulation layer structure 33, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure 34; for example, the first layer structure 31 is the thermal insulation layer structure 33, and the second layer structure 32 is the heat exchange layer structure 34.

The heat insulation layer structure 33 includes a second substrate 331 and a second surface layer 332 covering the second substrate 331 , wherein a cavity is provided in the second surface layer 332 ; the material of the second substrate 331 includes silicon-based aerogel, and the material of the second surface layer 332 includes ceramic fiber.

The heat exchange layer structure 34 includes a first substrate 341 and a first surface layer 342 covering the first substrate 341 , wherein a cavity is provided in the first surface layer 342 ; the material of the first substrate 341 includes a liquid phase change material, and the material of the first surface layer 342 includes an aluminum-plastic material.

In the second aspect, some embodiments of the present application further provide an electrical device, including the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the first aspect; in the electrical device, the thermal runaway of one or several battery cells 20 is not likely to affect the surrounding normal battery cells 20, thereby reducing the use risk of the electrical device and improving the stability of the electrical device.

In the third aspect, some embodiments of the present application also provide a thermal insulation pad, including the thermal insulation structure 30 provided by some embodiments of the first aspect; specifically, the thermal insulation structure 30 includes a first layer structure 31 and a second layer structure 32 connected to the first layer structure 31, and the first layer structure 31 is arranged on opposite sides of the second layer structure 32; one of the first layer structure 31 and the second layer structure 32 is a thermal insulation layer structure 33, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure 34; the heat exchange layer structure 34 includes a first substrate 341 and a first surface layer 342 covering the first substrate 341, and the first substrate 341 is used to absorb or release heat.

The thermal insulation pad can not only hinder the conduction of heat, but also has a certain heat absorption capacity, so that it can have a better thermal insulation effect and also has a certain temperature regulation ability.

In addition to the thermal insulation structure 30, the thermal insulation pad may also include external surface materials, a fixed frame and other structures.

The thermal insulation pad can be used in the battery 100 and arranged between two adjacent battery cells 20; the thermal insulation pad can also be used in electrical equipment, building walls or other structures with insulation requirements.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims (24)

1. A battery, comprising: At least two battery cells; A heat insulation structure is provided between two adjacent battery cells; The heat insulation structure includes a first layer structure and a second layer structure connected to the first layer structure, and in the arrangement direction of two adjacent battery cells, the first layer structure is arranged on two opposite sides of the second layer structure; One of the first layer structure and the second layer structure is a heat insulation layer structure, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure; The heat exchange layer structure includes a first substrate and a first surface layer covering the first substrate, and the first substrate is used to absorb or release heat. 2 . The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer structure is a heat insulation layer structure, and the second layer structure is a heat exchange layer structure. 3 . The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the first surface layer comprises a heat insulating material layer. 4 . The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the first surface layer comprises plastic or a metal-plastic composite material. 5 . The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer is in the range of 0.15 W/(m·K) to 0.20 W/(m·K). 6. The battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cavity is provided in the first surface layer. 7 . The battery according to claim 6 , wherein the thermal conductivity of the first surface layer is in the range of 0.05 W/(m·K) to 0.10 W/(m·K). 8 . The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the first substrate comprises a heat storage material. 9 . The battery according to claim 8 , wherein the material of the first substrate further comprises a fiber material, and the heat storage material is attached to the fiber material. 10. The battery according to claim 8, wherein the heat storage material comprises a phase change material. 11 . The battery according to claim 10 , wherein the phase change enthalpy of the phase change material is greater than or equal to 1000 J/g. 12 . The battery according to claim 1 , wherein the heat insulation layer structure comprises a second substrate and a second surface layer covering the second substrate. 13. The battery according to claim 12, characterized in that the second surface layer comprises a layer of heat insulating material. 14 . The battery according to claim 12 , wherein the material of the second surface layer comprises plastic or a metal-plastic composite material. 15. The battery according to claim 12, characterized in that a cavity is provided in the second surface layer. 16 . The battery according to claim 12 , wherein the material of the second substrate comprises a heat insulating material. 17 . The battery according to claim 12 , wherein the material of the second matrix comprises glass fiber, carbon fiber, pre-oxidized fiber or silicon-based aerogel. 18. The battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat insulation structure further comprises a channel structure, and the channel structure is used for allowing heat exchange medium to flow. 19 . The battery according to claim 18 , wherein the channel structure is formed inside at least one of the first layer structure or the second layer structure. 20 . The battery according to claim 19 , wherein the channel structure comprises a flow channel formed in the first layer structure or the second layer structure, and the flow channel is used for allowing heat exchange medium to flow. 21. The battery according to claim 18, characterized in that the channel structure is arranged on a side of the first layer structure facing the second layer structure, and/or The channel structure is arranged on a side of the first layer structure away from the second layer structure. 22 . The battery according to claim 21 , wherein the channel structure comprises a third substrate and a flow channel formed in the third substrate, and the flow channel is used for allowing the heat exchange medium to flow. 23. An electrical device, characterized in that it comprises a battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22. 24. A thermal insulation pad, comprising: A heat-insulating structure, comprising a first layer structure and a second layer structure connected to the first layer structure, wherein the first layer structure is arranged on two opposite sides of the second layer structure; One of the first layer structure and the second layer structure is a heat insulation layer structure, and the other is a heat exchange layer structure; The heat exchange layer structure includes a first substrate and a first surface layer covering the first substrate, and the first substrate is used to absorb or release heat.