CN221658002U - A composite back boring tool for machining inner step holes - Google Patents
A composite back boring tool for machining inner step holes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种加工内台阶孔的复合反镗刀具，包括刀体，刀体包括刀头和连接部，连接部上均设有垂直于轴线的连接孔，在连接孔内置入紧固件将刀体和刀柄紧固连接。刀头为偏心轴，在偏心轴的大圆弧一侧设有多个安装槽，安装槽沿轴向和径向分布，切削刀片用紧固螺钉固定在安装槽的左侧面，切削刀片沿轴向自上而下加工的内孔直径由大变小。在切削刀片的上方设有微调机构，用于微调整切削刀片的角度和位置。本实用新型将加工阶梯孔所需的刀具整合在一个刀体上，可一次完成内阶梯孔加工，降低了刀具的成本，提高了加工质量和工作效率。
The utility model relates to a composite reverse boring tool for processing inner step holes, including a tool body, the tool body including a tool head and a connecting part, the connecting part is provided with a connecting hole perpendicular to the axis, and a fastener is inserted into the connecting hole to fasten the tool body and the tool handle. The tool head is an eccentric shaft, and a plurality of mounting grooves are provided on one side of the large arc of the eccentric shaft. The mounting grooves are distributed in the axial and radial directions. The cutting blade is fixed to the left side of the mounting groove with a fastening screw, and the diameter of the inner hole processed by the cutting blade from top to bottom along the axial direction changes from large to small. A fine-tuning mechanism is provided above the cutting blade for fine-tuning the angle and position of the cutting blade. The utility model integrates the tools required for processing step holes on a tool body, and can complete the processing of inner step holes at one time, thereby reducing the cost of the tool and improving the processing quality and work efficiency.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本实用新型属于机械加工领域，涉及一种加工内台阶孔的复合反镗刀具。The utility model belongs to the field of mechanical processing and relates to a composite back-boring tool for processing an inner step hole.
背景技术Background Art
在机械加工中，经常会遇到一些产品含有内台阶孔，而且同轴度要求比较严格，对于这种结构通常会在在数控车床或数控加工中心上加工，但无论采用哪种方式加工，都需要频繁装夹和更换加工刀具，很难达到技术要求，而且机床辅助时间长，工序节拍时间长，工作效率低，成本非常高，导致产品市场竞争力下降。In mechanical processing, we often encounter some products with internal step holes and strict coaxiality requirements. This kind of structure is usually processed on a CNC lathe or CNC machining center. However, no matter which processing method is used, it requires frequent clamping and replacement of processing tools, which makes it difficult to meet technical requirements. In addition, the machine tool auxiliary time is long, the process cycle time is long, the work efficiency is low, and the cost is very high, resulting in a decline in product market competitiveness.
比如，在加工准双弧焊机械臂零件HYP-6B-5001小臂时，一些加工部位比较特殊难加工，需要频繁更换加工刀具并更换装夹位置，从反向加工几个台阶孔，加工效率低下。For example, when processing the quasi-dual arc welding robot arm part HYP-6B-5001 forearm, some processing parts are special and difficult to process, and it is necessary to frequently replace the processing tools and clamping positions, and reversely process several step holes, resulting in low processing efficiency.
实用新型内容Utility Model Content
为了解决以上所述的缺陷与不足，本实用新型实施例提供了一种加工内台阶孔的复合反镗刀具。In order to solve the above-mentioned defects and shortcomings, an embodiment of the utility model provides a composite back boring tool for machining an inner step hole.
所述技术方案如下：一种加工内台阶孔的复合反镗刀具，包括刀体，所述刀体包括刀头和连接部，所述连接部上均设有垂直于轴线的连接孔，在所述连接孔内置入紧固件用于与刀柄紧固连接；The technical solution is as follows: A composite reverse boring tool for machining an inner step hole comprises a tool body, wherein the tool body comprises a tool head and a connecting portion, each of the connecting portions is provided with a connecting hole perpendicular to the axis, and a fastener is inserted into the connecting hole for fastening and connecting with a tool handle;
其特征在于：所述刀头为偏心轴，在偏心轴的大圆弧一侧设有多个安装槽，所述安装槽沿轴向和径向分布，在切削刀片的中心部位用第一螺钉固定在安装槽的左侧面，所述切削刀片的个数和位置与所加工工件的要求相匹配，所述切削刀片沿轴向自上而下加工的内孔直径由大变小；The invention is characterized in that: the cutter head is an eccentric shaft, and a plurality of mounting grooves are arranged on one side of the large arc of the eccentric shaft, the mounting grooves are distributed in the axial direction and the radial direction, and the center of the cutting blade is fixed to the left side of the mounting groove by a first screw, the number and position of the cutting blades match the requirements of the workpiece to be processed, and the inner hole diameter processed by the cutting blades along the axial direction from top to bottom changes from large to small;
所述安装槽上部为平面，下部为圆弧面，平面与圆弧面之间圆滑过渡；The upper part of the installation groove is a plane, and the lower part is an arc surface, and there is a smooth transition between the plane and the arc surface;
在安装槽右侧靠近切削刀片的刀头上设有排屑槽，所述排屑槽绕着刀头的外圆面设置，自切削刀片位置开始由深到浅最后与右侧的安装槽相通，最右侧的切削刀片处不设置排屑槽；A chip removal groove is provided on the cutter head near the cutting blade on the right side of the installation groove. The chip removal groove is arranged around the outer circumferential surface of the cutter head, starting from the position of the cutting blade and gradually decreasing in depth, and finally communicating with the installation groove on the right side. No chip removal groove is provided at the rightmost cutting blade.
在切削刀片的上方设有微调机构，用于微调整切削刀片的角度和位置。A fine-adjustment mechanism is provided above the cutting blade for fine-adjusting the angle and position of the cutting blade.
进一步，所述刀具采用内冷却方式，在所述刀体内设置第二进水孔，在所述刀柄上设有第一进水孔，所述第一进水孔和第二进水孔相通并沿轴向延伸，在靠近所述切削刀片位置的刀头上设有出水孔，所述出水孔与所述第二进水孔相连通。Furthermore, the tool adopts an internal cooling method, a second water inlet hole is arranged in the tool body, a first water inlet hole is arranged on the tool handle, the first water inlet hole and the second water inlet hole are connected and extend axially, and a water outlet hole is arranged on the tool head near the cutting blade position, and the water outlet hole is connected to the second water inlet hole.
进一步，所述微调机构包括凸起块，所述凸起块设有竖向螺纹通孔和与之横向贯通的紧固螺纹孔，在所述竖向螺纹通孔内配合安装第二螺钉，所述第二螺钉的下端与切削刀片接触，接触点错开切削刀片的重心垂直线，使切削刀片可绕第一螺钉旋转，用于调整切削刀片的角度和位置，在紧固螺纹孔内配合安装第三螺钉用于紧固第二螺钉。Furthermore, the fine-tuning mechanism includes a raised block, which is provided with a vertical threaded through hole and a fastening threaded hole that passes horizontally therethrough. A second screw is installed in cooperation with the vertical threaded through hole. The lower end of the second screw contacts the cutting blade, and the contact point is offset from the vertical line of the center of gravity of the cutting blade, so that the cutting blade can rotate around the first screw, which is used to adjust the angle and position of the cutting blade. A third screw is installed in cooperation with the fastening threaded hole for fastening the second screw.
进一步，所述凸起块与所述刀头为一体结构。Furthermore, the protruding block and the cutter head are an integral structure.
进一步，所述切削刀片均为可转位刀片。Furthermore, the cutting inserts are all indexable inserts.
进一步，所述切削刀片为正三角形刀片，三角形的三个夹角处均为镗孔切削刃，三角形的三个边均为倒角切削刃，调整切削刀片的角度，在镗孔的同时可加工所需的倒角，所述第二螺钉与三角形斜边面接触并错开三角形的重心垂直线。Furthermore, the cutting blade is a regular triangle blade, the three angles of the triangle are all boring cutting edges, the three sides of the triangle are all chamfering cutting edges, and the angle of the cutting blade is adjusted to process the required chamfer while boring, and the second screw contacts the hypotenuse surface of the triangle and is offset from the vertical line of the center of gravity of the triangle.
进一步，所述紧固件为顶丝。Furthermore, the fastener is a top screw.
本实用新型提供的一种加工内台阶孔的复合反镗刀具具有以下有益效果：The composite back boring tool for machining an inner step hole provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
刀头采用偏心轴结构，可实现由里向外反方向进刀，从大到小一次性加工内台阶孔，对于特殊部位的加工精度和质量均有保证。The cutter head adopts an eccentric shaft structure, which can realize reverse feeding from the inside to the outside, and process the inner step holes from large to small at one time, ensuring the processing accuracy and quality of special parts.
本复合刀具采用内冷却方式，冷却液从刀柄上的第一进水孔进去贯通到刀体的第二进水孔，从切削刀片附近的出水孔流出，对切削刀片和铁屑快速冷却，能起到更好的冷却效果。The composite tool adopts an internal cooling method. The coolant enters from the first water inlet hole on the tool handle and passes through the second water inlet hole of the tool body, and flows out from the water outlet hole near the cutting blade, which quickly cools the cutting blade and iron chips and can achieve a better cooling effect.
所述微调机构可微调整切削刀片的角度和位置，松开切削刀片上的第一螺钉，松开微调机构的第三螺钉，向下旋转第二螺钉使其与切削刀片接触，由于切削刀片是三角形，第二螺钉与三角形斜边面接触并错开三角形的重心垂直线，向下旋转第二螺钉可使切削刀片轻微旋转角度，改变切削刀片切削刃的角度和位置，实现加工不同大小的内孔和倒角，微调结束后拧紧切削刀片上的第一螺钉，向上旋转第二螺钉使其离开切削刀片，并拧紧微调机构的第三螺钉锁紧第二螺钉。The fine-tuning mechanism can fine-tune the angle and position of the cutting blade. Loosen the first screw on the cutting blade, loosen the third screw of the fine-tuning mechanism, and rotate the second screw downward to make it contact with the cutting blade. Since the cutting blade is a triangle, the second screw contacts the hypotenuse of the triangle and is offset from the vertical line of the center of gravity of the triangle. Rotating the second screw downward can slightly rotate the angle of the cutting blade, change the angle and position of the cutting edge of the cutting blade, and realize the processing of inner holes and chamfers of different sizes. After the fine-tuning is completed, tighten the first screw on the cutting blade, rotate the second screw upward to make it leave the cutting blade, and tighten the third screw of the fine-tuning mechanism to lock the second screw.
总之，本实用新型将加工阶梯孔所需的刀具整合在一个刀体上，可一次完成内阶梯孔加工，从而降低了刀具的成本，减少工件装夹和换刀次数，提高了加工质量和工作效率。In summary, the utility model integrates the tools required for machining stepped holes on one tool body, and can complete the inner stepped hole machining at one time, thereby reducing the cost of the tools, reducing the number of workpiece clamping and tool changing times, and improving the machining quality and work efficiency.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本实用新型的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
图1是本实施例中提供的一种加工内台阶孔的复合反镗刀具示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a composite back boring tool for machining an inner step hole provided in this embodiment;
图2为本实施例五个切削刀片复合反镗刀具结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a composite back boring tool with five cutting blades according to the present embodiment;
图3为图2的A-A剖面图；Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 2;
图4为图2的B-B剖面图；Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 2;
图5为微调机构示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a fine-tuning mechanism;
图6为图5的C-C剖面图；Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Fig. 5;
图7为准双弧焊机械臂零件HYP-6B-5001小臂结构示意图；FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the quasi-double arc welding robot arm part HYP-6B-5001 forearm;
图8为本实施例加工结束状态示意图；FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a processing end state of this embodiment;
图9为图8切削部分放大示意图。FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the cutting portion of FIG. 8 .
附图标记：1-刀体、11-刀头、12-连接部、2-刀柄、13-安装槽、14-排屑槽、15-出水孔、3-切削刀片（第一切削刀片a，第二切削刀片b、第三切削刀片c、第四切削刀片d 、第五切削刀片e）、31-第一螺钉、4-微调机构、41-凸起块、5-第二螺钉、6-第三螺钉。Figure markings: 1- tool body, 11- tool head, 12- connecting part, 2- tool handle, 13- mounting groove, 14- chip groove, 15- water outlet, 3- cutting blade (first cutting blade a, second cutting blade b, third cutting blade c, fourth cutting blade d, fifth cutting blade e), 31- first screw, 4- fine-tuning mechanism, 41- boss block, 5- second screw, 6- third screw.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本实用新型的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图1至图9对本实用新型实施方式作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the implementation mode of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to Figures 1 to 9.
本实用新型提供一种加工内台阶孔的复合反镗刀具，包括刀体1，所述刀体1包括刀头11和连接部12，所述连接部12上均设有垂直于轴线的连接孔，在所述连接孔内置入比如顶丝之类的紧固件将刀体1和所述刀柄2二者紧固连接在一起；The utility model provides a composite back boring tool for machining an inner step hole, comprising a tool body 1, wherein the tool body 1 comprises a tool head 11 and a connecting portion 12, wherein the connecting portion 12 is provided with a connecting hole perpendicular to the axis, and a fastener such as a top screw is inserted into the connecting hole to fasten the tool body 1 and the tool handle 2 together;
所述刀头11为偏心轴，在偏心轴的大圆弧一侧设有多个安装槽13，所述安装槽13沿轴向和径向分布，在切削刀片3的中心部位用第一螺钉31固定在安装槽13的左侧面，所述切削刀片3的个数和位置与所加工工件的要求相匹配，所述切削刀片3沿轴向自上而下加工的内孔直径由大变小；The cutter head 11 is an eccentric shaft, and a plurality of mounting grooves 13 are provided on one side of the large arc of the eccentric shaft. The mounting grooves 13 are distributed in the axial direction and the radial direction. The center of the cutting blade 3 is fixed to the left side of the mounting groove 13 by a first screw 31. The number and position of the cutting blade 3 match the requirements of the workpiece to be processed. The inner hole diameter processed by the cutting blade 3 along the axial direction from top to bottom changes from large to small.
所述安装槽13上部为平面，下部为圆弧面，平面与圆弧面之间圆滑过渡；The upper part of the installation groove 13 is a plane, and the lower part is an arc surface, and the plane and the arc surface have a smooth transition;
在安装槽13右侧靠近切削刀片3的刀头11上设有排屑槽14，所述排屑槽14绕着刀头11的外圆面设置，自切削刀片3位置开始由深到浅最后与右侧的安装槽13相通，最右侧的切削刀片3处不设置排屑槽14；A chip removal groove 14 is provided on the cutter head 11 near the cutting blade 3 on the right side of the mounting groove 13. The chip removal groove 14 is arranged around the outer circumferential surface of the cutter head 11, starting from the position of the cutting blade 3 and gradually decreasing in depth, and finally communicating with the mounting groove 13 on the right side. The rightmost cutting blade 3 is not provided with a chip removal groove 14.
所述刀具采用内冷却方式，在所述刀体1内设置第二进水孔，在所述刀柄2上设有第一进水孔，所述第一进水孔和第二进水孔相通并沿轴向延伸，在靠近所述切削刀片3位置的刀头11上设有出水孔15，所述出水孔15与所述第二进水孔相连通。The tool adopts an internal cooling method, a second water inlet hole is arranged in the tool body 1, a first water inlet hole is arranged on the tool handle 2, the first water inlet hole and the second water inlet hole are connected and extend axially, and a water outlet hole 15 is arranged on the tool head 11 near the cutting blade 3, and the water outlet hole 15 is connected to the second water inlet hole.
在切削刀片3的上方设有微调机构4，用于微调整切削刀片3的角度和位置。所述微调机构4包括凸起块41，所述凸起块41设有竖向螺纹通孔和与之横向贯通的紧固螺纹孔，在所述竖向螺纹通孔内配合安装第二螺钉5，所述第二螺钉5的下端与切削刀片3接触，接触点错开切削刀片3的重心垂直线，使切削刀片3可绕第一螺钉31旋转，用于调整切削刀片3的角度和位置，在紧固螺纹孔内配合安装第三螺钉6用于紧固第二螺钉5。A fine adjustment mechanism 4 is provided above the cutting blade 3 for fine adjustment of the angle and position of the cutting blade 3. The fine adjustment mechanism 4 comprises a protruding block 41, wherein the protruding block 41 is provided with a vertical threaded through hole and a fastening threaded hole that penetrates the protruding block 41 transversely, and a second screw 5 is installed in cooperation with the vertical threaded through hole, and the lower end of the second screw 5 contacts the cutting blade 3, and the contact point is offset from the vertical line of the center of gravity of the cutting blade 3, so that the cutting blade 3 can rotate around the first screw 31, and is used to adjust the angle and position of the cutting blade 3, and a third screw 6 is installed in cooperation with the fastening threaded hole for fastening the second screw 5.
具体实施例以加工准双弧焊机械臂零件HYP-6B-5001小臂为例。The specific embodiment takes the processing of the quasi-double arc welding robot arm part HYP-6B-5001 forearm as an example.
零件内部有五个台阶孔，在刀头11大圆弧上沿圆周方向设有第一切削刀片a，第二切削刀片b和第三切削刀片c，在其下方沿圆周方向设有第四切削刀片d 和第五切削刀片e，每个切削刀片的位置和角度调整到与零件内部台阶孔的要求相匹配。There are five stepped holes inside the part. The first cutting blade a, the second cutting blade b and the third cutting blade c are arranged along the circumferential direction on the large arc of the cutter head 11, and the fourth cutting blade d and the fifth cutting blade e are arranged along the circumferential direction below them. The position and angle of each cutting blade are adjusted to match the requirements of the stepped hole inside the part.
原来的加工工艺：Original processing technology:
Φ35U钻加工Φ41通孔→Φ20铣刀加工Φ41通孔→Φ21.7切槽刀加工Φ41.5、Φ44、Φ49.5台阶孔→倒角刀加工60°倒角→倒角刀加工其余倒角→Φ50和Φ42精镗。Φ35U drill to process Φ41 through hole → Φ20 milling cutter to process Φ41 through hole → Φ21.7 grooving cutter to process Φ41.5, Φ44, Φ49.5 step holes → chamfering cutter to process 60° chamfer → chamfering cutter to process other chamfers → Φ50 and Φ42 fine boring.
原来的加工方式，使用的刀具种类多，使用Φ21.7切槽刀加工台阶孔时间长，效率低，加工这个部位，加工时间一共为18min。The original processing method used many types of tools. The Φ21.7 grooving tool was used to process the step hole, which took a long time and was inefficient. The total processing time for this part was 18 minutes.
新的加工工艺如下所示：The new processing technology is as follows:
φ41U钻加工φ41通孔及倒角刀加工r5(45°)倒角→复合反镗刀加工φ41.5、Φ44、Φ49.5台阶孔及其余倒角→Φ50和Φ42精镗。φ41U drill processes φ41 through hole and chamfering tool processes r5 (45°) chamfer → compound reverse boring tool processes φ41.5, Φ44, Φ49.5 step holes and other chamfers → Φ50 and Φ42 fine boring.
其中，第一切削刀片a负责加工倒角r1(45°)，第二切削刀片b负责加工Φ49.5的孔，第三切削刀片c负责加工倒角r2(45°)，第四切削刀片d负责加工Φ44的孔并倒角r3(60°)，第五切削刀片e负责加工φ41.5的孔并倒角r4(45°)。所有切削刀片均采用SPMG110408无涂层合金刀片。Among them, the first cutting blade a is responsible for processing the chamfer r1 (45°), the second cutting blade b is responsible for processing the hole of Φ49.5, the third cutting blade c is responsible for processing the chamfer r2 (45°), the fourth cutting blade d is responsible for processing the hole of Φ44 and the chamfer r3 (60°), and the fifth cutting blade e is responsible for processing the hole of φ41.5 and the chamfer r4 (45°). All cutting blades are SPMG110408 uncoated alloy blades.
通过本复合反镗刀，一次加工成型，使得加工刀具种类减少，避免频繁换刀，极大的提高加工效率，加工台阶孔部位时间为6min，比原来加工效率提升3倍，极大的节省成本。Through the composite back boring tool, the forming can be completed in one process, which reduces the types of processing tools and avoids frequent tool changes, greatly improving the processing efficiency. The processing time of the step hole is 6 minutes, which is 3 times higher than the original processing efficiency, greatly saving costs.
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本实用新型，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN119346942A (en) * | 2024-10-29 | 2025-01-24 | 深圳市海洲数控机械刀具有限公司 | A spiral guide bar composite adjustable fine boring tool for bicycle front fork parts |
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| CN119346942A (en) * | 2024-10-29 | 2025-01-24 | 深圳市海洲数控机械刀具有限公司 | A spiral guide bar composite adjustable fine boring tool for bicycle front fork parts |
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