CN221056858U - A solar photovoltaic panel automatic tracking control device - Google Patents

Abstract

The automatic tracking control device for the solar photovoltaic panel adopts a double-shaft tracking structure, and comprises a solar tracker and a two-dimensional plane support controller, wherein the solar tracker comprises a GPS module, a microprocessor module and corresponding data input and output interfaces; the microprocessor module is connected with the GPS module through a data input and output interface; the two-dimensional plane support controller comprises a sensor module and a corresponding driving device, wherein the sensor module is connected with the microprocessor and comprises an inclination angle sensor, a horizontal angle sensor and an illumination sensor, and is used for collecting the current inclination angle, the horizontal angle and the illumination intensity of the solar cell panel; the driving device comprises a horizontal plane rotating motor, an actuator consisting of inclined plane rotating motors and a driving circuit corresponding to the horizontal plane rotating motor, and the microprocessor module generates PWM signals to the driving circuit to drive the corresponding motors.

Description

Automatic tracking control device for solar photovoltaic panel

Technical Field

The utility model designs a control device, in particular relates to an automatic tracking control device for a solar photovoltaic panel, and belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation control.

Background

The solar energy is an energy source with low energy flow density, intermittent property and continuously changing space-time distribution, and the light condensing device is adopted to receive solar rays to the maximum extent, so that the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the sunlight can be effectively improved. In the solar condensation utilization technology, a solar tracking device is one of important equipment, and compared with a fixed type solar tracking device, the solar tracking device can improve the heat collection efficiency by more than 20% through single-axis tracking, and can improve the heat collection efficiency by more than 30% through double-axis tracking. In the application of a solar trough type line focusing heat collection system, a solar tracking system is one of main auxiliary technologies of the line focusing heat collection system, and the tracking precision of the tracking system has an important influence on the heat collection efficiency of the system.

CN110708005A discloses a photovoltaic solar directional tracking device, which mainly comprises an RTC real-time clock, a signal processing circuit, a photoelectric sensor, a control module, a motor driver, a stepping motor, a relay, an electric push rod and a tracking mechanism, wherein the RTC real-time clock is connected with the control module, the signal processing circuit is connected with the photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric sensor is connected with the control module, the control module is connected with the motor driver, the motor driver is connected with the stepping motor, the stepping motor is connected with the tracking mechanism, the relay is connected with the electric push rod, and the electric push rod is connected with the tracking mechanism.

CN101882895A discloses a tower type photovoltaic tracking power generation system, which comprises a vertical guide rail, a latitude tracking guide rail, a driving device, a battery plate rotating shaft and a solar battery plate fixedly mounted on the battery plate rotating shaft, wherein the upper end of the battery plate rotating shaft is slidably mounted on the vertical guide rail, and the lower end of the battery plate rotating shaft is slidably mounted on the latitude tracking guide rail; the driving device drives the lower end of the rotating shaft of the solar panel to move on the latitude tracking guide rail so as to adjust the tracking of the solar panel in the latitude direction; meanwhile, the driving device drives the rotating shaft of the solar panel to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft so as to adjust tracking of the solar panel in the longitudinal direction, so that the solar panel is kept perpendicular to solar rays.

CN109814610a discloses an intelligent photovoltaic tracking device, including base, photovoltaic board drive arrangement and photovoltaic board mounting panel, its characterized in that, drive arrangement includes driving motor, speed reducer, pivot and electric telescopic handle, driving motor passes through the bolt to be installed in base one end, be provided with the speed reducer on driving motor's the output shaft, the speed reducer pass through the bearing with pivot one end is connected, the pivot is fixed on the base through the tape seat bearing that both ends set up, is in simultaneously the equidistance is provided with a plurality of supports in the pivot, every all be equipped with electric telescopic handle on the support, electric telescopic handle upper end with photovoltaic mounting panel fixed connection install the photovoltaic board on the photovoltaic board mounting panel be provided with photoelectric sensor on the photovoltaic board.

However, the above-mentioned prior art is a solar tracking control system relying on a photoelectric sensor, which is greatly affected by weather conditions, and in cloudy or overcast weather, the sensor easily receives light rays not directly irradiated by the sun, and there is a problem that the condensing device deviates from the direct position of the sun for a long time, which results in that the condensing device cannot efficiently collect solar energy. When the program tracking is used, accumulated errors are generated due to the influences of transmission among gears and algorithm parameter variation, so that tracking is advanced or delayed, the control algorithm is complex and low in tracking precision due to poor local conditions, and the problems that program calculation errors cannot be tracked normally due to longitude and latitude and time variation caused by a mobile device are solved.

Disclosure of utility model

Aiming at the defects in the tracking system, the utility model discloses an automatic tracking control device for a solar photovoltaic panel, which has the following technical scheme:

The utility model provides a solar photovoltaic board automatic tracking controlling means, the device adopts biax tracking structure, including solar tracker and two-dimensional plane support control module, characterized by: the solar tracker comprises a GPS module, a microprocessor module and corresponding data input and output interfaces; the microprocessor module is connected with the GPS module through a data input and output interface; the two-dimensional plane support control module comprises a sensor module and a corresponding driving device, wherein the sensor module comprises an inclination angle sensor, a horizontal angle sensor and an illumination sensor which are used for acquiring the current inclination angle, the horizontal angle and the illumination intensity of the solar cell panel, and the sensor module is connected with the microprocessor; the driving device comprises a horizontal plane rotating motor, an actuator consisting of inclined plane rotating motors and a driving circuit corresponding to the horizontal plane rotating motor, the microprocessor module generates PWM signals to the driving circuit to drive the corresponding motors, and the inclination angle sensor and the horizontal angle sensor are respectively a biaxial inclination angle sensor SCA100T; the wind speed sensor is a GFW15 type induction wind speed sensor, and the microprocessor module sends out an instruction to the stepping motor to adjust the photovoltaic panel; the GPS module adopts an ATK-S1216F8-BD GPS/Beidou module.

Advantageous effects

The GPS module provides longitude and latitude for the microprocessor module, and simultaneously, the solar panel is ensured to track the solar direction from time to time through the angle sensor, the angle and the azimuth collected by the azimuth sensor and the feedback signal provided by the illumination intensity collected by the illumination sensor.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a GPS module according to the present utility model;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an angle sensor circuit of the present utility model;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a stepper motor driver circuit according to the present utility model;

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the tracking control of the present utility model.

Detailed Description

The automatic tracking control device for the solar photovoltaic panel adopts a double-shaft tracking structure and comprises a solar tracker and a two-dimensional plane support control module, wherein the solar tracker comprises a GPS module, a microprocessor module and corresponding data input and output interfaces; the microprocessor module is connected with the GPS module through a data input and output interface; the two-dimensional plane support control module comprises a sensor module and a corresponding driving device, wherein the sensor module is connected with the microprocessor and comprises an inclination angle sensor, a horizontal angle sensor and an illumination sensor, and is used for collecting the current inclination angle, the horizontal angle and the illumination intensity of the solar cell panel; the driving device comprises a horizontal plane rotating motor, an actuator consisting of inclined plane rotating motors and a driving circuit corresponding to the horizontal plane rotating motor, and the microprocessor module generates PWM signals to the driving circuit to drive the corresponding motors.

Referring to fig. 1, the utility model is designed into a double-shaft tracking mode and mainly comprises a solar tracker and a two-dimensional plane support control module. The solar tracker comprises a GPS module, a microprocessor module (STM 32 series DSP or a singlechip or ARM processor) and corresponding auxiliary circuits for data input, output, power supply and the like, and has the main functions that a microprocessor is utilized to decode local longitude, latitude and UTC time through receiving GPS satellite signals, and then the microprocessor is utilized to calculate the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun according to the parameters (the altitude angle algorithm belongs to the prior art, and can refer to articles such as a solar panel automatic light-tracking system design based on GPS positioning, zhang Yi and the like, computer measurement and control, volume 28, phase 1, 2020, year 214-218, and azimuth angle algorithm please refer to articles such as a solar tracking system optimization design study based on GPS, ji Mengen and the like, volume 2016, 7 month 36, 4, page 20-27 of Yunnan university). The two-dimensional plane support comprises a sensor and a corresponding driving device. The sensor is used for measuring the current inclination angle and azimuth of the solar cell panel, and then inputting the data into the central processing unit, generating PWM signals to drive corresponding executing motors, and completing the angle change of the solar array so as to ensure that the photovoltaic array is always perpendicular to the incident angle of solar rays, thereby realizing the function of automatic tracking. The execution motors are two, one is a horizontal plane rotation motor and the other is an inclined plane rotation motor, and after the microprocessor calculates the current sun height and azimuth angle, a PWM debugging mode is generated, and the motors are driven to adjust the two-dimensional plane bracket; the motor is preferably a stepper motor.

The invention uses the GPS module to obtain time and longitude and latitude information, and the GPS module adopts an ATK-S1216F 8-BD GPS/Beidou module. ATK-S1216F 8-BD GPS/Beidou module is a high-performance GPS/Beidou dual-mode positioning module, the module is small in size and high in positioning precision, parameter setting can be carried out through a serial port, an RT9193 voltage stabilizing chip is added at the VCC end of a chip to ensure stable power supply voltage of the GPS module, and a circuit schematic diagram can be seen in FIG. 2.

And measuring azimuth angle and altitude angle of the solar panel, and selecting a double-shaft inclination angle sensor SCA100T ⁃ D02. The angle sensor can simultaneously measure the inclination angles of the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, and the detection range is +/-90 degrees. Completely meets the requirements of the solar tracking device. The microprocessor module reads the digital quantity output of the internal registers of the SCA100T in the x and y directions through the SPI interface.

Detecting an angleThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows: /(I)

Wherein: Output as digital quantity; /(I) The size of the chip is 819 for the chip sensitivity. For self-checking and internal calibration of the sensor, MISO, MOSI, SCK, CSB of the sensor SCA100T is connected to PA1, PA2, PA3, PA4 of the microcontroller module, respectively. Wherein MISO is used to transmit digital data converted internally to the sensor, MOSI is used to send commands to the sensor and self-calibration internally to the sensor, serial communication pulses are sent through PA3 to SCK using software programming. The CSB is a chip select signal pin with an on/off data transmission function. The circuit of which is shown in figure 3.

The digital illumination sensor BH1750 is adopted to realize signal acquisition of light intensity, the chip has excellent spectral response characteristics and low power consumption, a 16-bit A/D converter is arranged in the chip, the working temperature is-40-85 ℃, and the chip is suitable for a severe working environment. The microprocessor module sends a control instruction to BH1750 through the I2C interface to set the working mode. The invention adopts 3 BH1750, the positions of which are distributed in letter L, and the working principle is as follows: when the sun moves from left to right, an illumination difference value exists between the No. 1 sensor and the No. 2 sensor when the sun is obliquely projected on the plane of the probe, the microprocessor module judges whether the difference value is larger than a preset value at the moment, and if the difference value is larger than the preset value, the horizontal motor is driven to move towards the direction of strong illumination, so that the azimuth angle of the solar panel is adjusted. And then judging the illumination values of the No. 2 sensor and the No. 3 sensor in the vertical direction to adjust the height angle of the solar panel. Thus, the sun tracking target is realized by adjusting the sun tracking device in the horizontal direction and then in the vertical direction. The microprocessor module reads the values of the 3 angular position sensors BH1750, and reads the geographic information such as latitude, longitude and time of the GPS module through the serial port TX and RX. The height angle and the azimuth angle measured by the angle sensor are compared with the height angle and the azimuth angle calculated by the microprocessor module according to GPS information, closed-loop control is realized, the difference value is preset for the BH1750 data of the two angle position sensors in order to prevent the stepper motor from frequently acting near the maximum power point, and when the illumination difference value of the BH1750 of the two angle position sensors is larger than the preset value, the microcontroller module drives the stepper motor in the corresponding direction to act until the illumination difference value of the BH1750 of the two groups is within the preset value. The tracking schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 5.

In addition, the invention also provides a wind speed sensor, the wind speed sensor adopts a GFW15 type induction wind speed sensor, and the wind speed sensor adopts an ultrasonic component with better stability, and has high sensitivity and good stability. When the wind power reaches a certain strength, the microprocessor module sends out a command to the stepping motor to adjust the height angle of the photovoltaic power generation plate to be 0, namely, the photovoltaic power generation plate is in a horizontal state, so that the wind power received by the power generation plate is minimum, and the components of the tracking device are protected from being damaged by high wind; after the strong wind passes, the automatic tracking is quickly recovered.

In the driving device, a type Y80M2-2 stepping motor is selected as the stepping motor, a speed reducing system is arranged on the stepping motor, and main parameters of the motor are as follows: rated operating voltage 220V, frequency 50Hz, power 1.1kW, rotating speed 2825r/min, step angle 1.8 degrees and power factor 0.85. The stepping motor is an open loop control motor which converts an electric pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement, and when the stepping motor is not overloaded, the rotating speed and the stopping position of the stepping motor only depend on the frequency and the number of the received pulse signals and cannot be influenced by load change. When the stepping motor receives a pulse signal, the rotating shaft of the motor rotates by a fixed angle in a preset direction, and the self-locking function is achieved, so that the self-following requirement of the photovoltaic power generation plate can be well met. For driving the stepping motor with the model, the invention adopts an integrated stepping motor driver, and the connection circuit of the stepping motor driver, the microcontroller module and the stepping motor is shown in the figure 4. The stepping motor driver adopts a TMC5160 integrated chip, the TMC5160 is a novel single-shaft stepping motor driving chip with a serial communication interface, which is proposed by Trinamic in 2018, has a complete motion control function, is matched with an outward-expandable N-channel MOSFET, and can achieve the motor current of 20A and the maximum voltage of 60VDC of each coil, thereby realizing the maximization of motor voltage and current specification.

When a pulse is input into the stepping motor driving chip, the driving chip drives the stepping motor to rotate through signals output by the MOS tube. The number of steps of rotation is controlled mainly by controlling the number of pulses received by the stepping motor; the change of the rotation speed and the acceleration is realized by controlling the pulse frequency received by the stepping motor. The higher the pulse frequency received by the stepper motor, the faster the rotational speed thereof, and the lower the frequency received by the stepper motor, the slower the rotational speed thereof. The microcontroller module can control the stepping motor only by inputting a direction and a pulse signal to the stepping motor control chip TMC 5160.

According to the device for realizing automatic following of the irradiation direction of the sun by the solar panel based on the GPS signal receiver, the angle sensor, the illumination sensor and the like, the GPS signal receiver is utilized to obtain accurate longitude and latitude values and date and time, the accurate longitude and latitude values and date and time are provided for the microprocessor module, and the solar azimuth angle of the sun relative to the position of the light condensing device is rapidly calculated through an optimized control algorithm; the angle sensor returns to the azimuth value of the device, the difference value between the solar azimuth and the azimuth of the device is used for controlling the operation of the stepping motor, and the aim of tracking the sun by the condensing device is achieved by the method of uninterrupted operation, angle detection and angle difference reduction of the mode.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a solar photovoltaic board automatic tracking controlling means, the device adopts biax tracking structure, including solar tracker and two-dimensional plane support control module, characterized by: the solar tracker comprises a GPS module, a microprocessor module and corresponding data input and output interfaces; the microprocessor module is connected with the GPS module through a data input and output interface; the two-dimensional plane support control module comprises a sensor module and a corresponding driving device, wherein the sensor module comprises an inclination angle sensor, a horizontal angle sensor and an illumination sensor which are used for acquiring the current inclination angle, the horizontal angle and the illumination intensity of the solar cell panel, and the sensor module is connected with the microprocessor; the driving device comprises a horizontal plane rotating motor, an actuator consisting of inclined plane rotating motors and a driving circuit corresponding to the horizontal plane rotating motor, the microprocessor module generates PWM signals to the driving circuit to drive the corresponding motors, and the inclination angle sensor and the horizontal angle sensor are respectively a biaxial inclination angle sensor SCA100T; the wind speed sensor is a GFW15 type induction wind speed sensor, and the microprocessor module sends out an instruction to the stepping motor to adjust the photovoltaic panel; the GPS module adopts an ATK-S1216F8-BD GPS/Beidou module.