CN220335322U - Nanometer aluminum preparation device based on ionic liquid electrolyte - Google Patents
Nanometer aluminum preparation device based on ionic liquid electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN220335322U CN220335322U CN202321046307.6U CN202321046307U CN220335322U CN 220335322 U CN220335322 U CN 220335322U CN 202321046307 U CN202321046307 U CN 202321046307U CN 220335322 U CN220335322 U CN 220335322U
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 77
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 61
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCN1CN(C)C=C1 IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH2+]1C=CN=C1 JDIIGWSSTNUWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a nano aluminum preparation device based on ionic liquid electrolyte, which comprises an electrolytic tank, a collecting assembly, a stirring assembly, an electrolytic assembly, a liquid adding assembly, a liquid outlet assembly and a liquid measuring assembly, wherein the electrolytic tank comprises a tank main body and a cover plate, and the cover plate covers a notch arranged on the tank main body; the collecting component is arranged at the bottom of the tank main body; the stirring assembly comprises a stirring connecting piece and a stirring piece, the stirring connecting piece penetrates through the cover plate, and the stirring piece is arranged on the stirring connecting piece; the aluminum cathode part and the aluminum anode part of the electrolysis assembly are positioned in the tank main body and are arranged around the stirring part; the liquid adding component is used for adding the ionic liquid electrolyte into the tank main body; one end of the liquid outlet component is positioned in the tank main body and extends to be close to the collecting component; the liquid measuring component is used for detecting the liquid level of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank body. The utility model can conveniently and rapidly realize the preparation and collection of the nano aluminum.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of nano aluminum preparation, in particular to a nano aluminum preparation device based on ionic liquid electrolyte.
Background
Nano-aluminum is a new material derived from aluminum, which exhibits ultra-high surface area effect and chemical activity by virtue of nano-sized particle size. The nanometer aluminum powder can be oxidized in the air vigorously to release a large amount of heat, the combustion efficiency and density ratio of the liquid fuel can be greatly improved by adding the nanometer aluminum powder, and the nanometer aluminum powder has an obvious improvement effect on the fuel efficiency of the liquid rocket. Therefore, the nano aluminum is used as an advanced material and has positive promotion effect on the high-tech fields such as aerospace, electronics and the like.
The production of nano aluminum at home and abroad is mainly carried out by a physical method or a chemical method. The physical method mainly comprises an electric explosion wire method, a high-energy ball milling method, an evaporation condensation method and the like. The method is a main method for realizing the industrial production of nano metal materials, and the method changes the physical state of an aluminum material by converting electric energy into other forms of energy, such as shock wave energy and the like, so as to realize the preparation of nano aluminum; however, the obtained nano powder has problems such as coarse particle size and wide particle size distribution range, and therefore, the nano powder must be treated before use. The high-energy ball milling method is simple and easy to implement, the preparation efficiency is higher, but the noise and dust pollution are serious, the product purity is low, and the particle size is uneven; the evaporation and condensation method is an earlier preparation method of nano metal particles, and the prepared product has smaller particle size, but the method has higher manufacturing cost and higher requirements on equipment. Besides the method, the preparation of nano aluminum can be realized by adopting a chemical method, and the method generally takes an organic solution as a reaction medium to prepare the nano aluminum, so that the reaction process has strong operability and lower operation temperature, but the reaction system is easy to volatilize, inflammable and has higher toxicity. From the comprehensive analysis, the conventional process method limits the further development of the conventional process method in nano aluminum preparation due to inherent defects. Therefore, the development of safer, green and efficient nano-aluminum preparation technology is urgently needed in China.
Ionic liquids are a novel room temperature molten electrolyte, typically consisting of organic type cations and organic/inorganic type anions. The special structure ensures that the ionic liquid has the advantages of high conductivity, wide electrochemical window, non-volatilization, non-inflammability and the like. Recent studies have shown that nano-aluminum preparation can be achieved by means of electrodeposition using ionic liquids as electrolytes. The reaction process has the advantages of low temperature, low energy consumption, high safety and more technical advantages than the traditional process. Therefore, the ionic liquid has great application potential in the aspect of preparing nano aluminum, and is widely interested and focused in academia and industry.
Because the technology for preparing nano aluminum based on ionic liquid electrolyte has just started, the device for preparing and collecting nano aluminum products based on the technology is not perfect. Therefore, how to realize convenient and rapid preparation and collection of nano aluminum products is an urgent problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a nano aluminum preparation device based on an ionic liquid electrolyte.
The utility model discloses a nano-aluminum preparation device based on ionic liquid electrolyte, which comprises:
the electrolytic tank comprises a tank main body and a cover plate, wherein the cover plate covers the notch of the tank main body;
the collecting assembly is arranged in the tank main body and positioned at the bottom of the tank main body;
the stirring assembly comprises a stirring connecting piece and a stirring piece, one end of the stirring connecting piece penetrates through the cover plate, the other end of the stirring connecting piece extends towards the collecting assembly, and the stirring piece is arranged at the other end of the stirring connecting piece;
an electrolysis assembly comprising an aluminum cathode member and an aluminum anode member positioned within the cell body and disposed about the periphery of the stirring member;
a liquid adding component, one end of which is positioned in the tank main body and is used for adding the ionic liquid electrolyte into the tank main body;
a liquid outlet component, one end of which is positioned in the tank main body and extends to be close to the collecting component; and
and the liquid measuring assembly is used for detecting the liquid level of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank body.
According to one embodiment of the utility model, the stirring element is a propelling stirring blade or a turbine stirring blade.
According to one embodiment of the utility model, the collection assembly is a conical tower or a conical trough.
According to one embodiment of the utility model, the tank body comprises an upper tank body and a lower tank body, the lower tank body is detachably connected to the lower end of the upper tank body, and the collecting assembly is positioned in the lower tank body; sealing treatment is carried out between the upper tank body and the lower tank body.
According to an embodiment of the utility model, it further comprises a screen assembly; the filter screen subassembly is located the notch department of lower cell body to be located between collection subassembly and the stirring piece.
According to an embodiment of the utility model, it further comprises a screen assembly; the filter screen subassembly is located in the groove main part to be located between collection subassembly and the stirring piece.
According to one embodiment of the utility model, the screen assembly has a mesh closure structure.
According to an embodiment of the utility model, the ion liquid electrolyte tank further comprises a temperature detection component, wherein the temperature detection component is used for detecting the temperature of the ion liquid electrolyte in the tank body.
Compared with the prior art, through the cooperation of electrolysis trough, collection subassembly, stirring subassembly, electrolysis subassembly, liquid feeding subassembly, play liquid subassembly and survey liquid subassembly, can convenient and fast realize the preparation and the collection of nanometer aluminium, especially peel off through the vortex to the nanometer aluminium granule that electrolysis produced on aluminium matter negative pole spare and the aluminium matter positive pole spare through the stirring piece, collect by the collection subassembly of groove main part bottom again, whole preparation, peel off and collection process are smooth simple.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing nano-aluminum based on an ionic liquid electrolyte in the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for preparing nano-aluminum based on an ionic liquid electrolyte according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a stirring connection member and a stirring member in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a vortex generated by rotation of a stirring member according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower tank and the collection assembly in an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a diagram comparing the open and closed states of the screen holes of the screen assembly according to the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing another construction of an apparatus for preparing nano-aluminum based on an ionic liquid electrolyte according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the screen assembly, trough body and collection assembly of the embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing another structure of the stirring connection and stirring member in the embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another vortex generated by rotation of the stirring element in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
Various embodiments of the utility model are disclosed in the following drawings, in which details of the practice are set forth in the following description for the purpose of clarity. However, it should be understood that these practical details are not to be taken as limiting the utility model. That is, in some embodiments of the utility model, these practical details are unnecessary. Moreover, for the purpose of simplifying the drawings, some conventional structures and components are shown in the drawings in a simplified schematic manner.
In addition, the descriptions of the "first," "second," and the like, herein are for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to be specifically construed as order or sequence, nor are they intended to limit the utility model solely for distinguishing between components or operations described in the same technical term, but are not to be construed as indicating or implying any relative importance or order of such features. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for preparing nano-aluminum based on an ionic liquid electrolyte in an embodiment, and fig. 2 is a sectional view of an apparatus for preparing nano-aluminum based on an ionic liquid electrolyte in an embodiment. The nano-aluminum preparation device based on the ionic liquid electrolyte in the embodiment comprises an electrolytic tank 1, a collecting assembly 2, a stirring assembly 3, an electrolytic assembly 4, a liquid adding assembly 5, a liquid outlet assembly 6 and a liquid measuring assembly 7. The electrolytic cell 1 includes a cell main body 11 and a cover plate 12, and the cover plate 12 covers a notch provided in the cell main body 11. The collection assembly 2 is disposed within the tank body 11 and is located at the bottom of the tank body 11. The stirring assembly 3 includes a stirring connector 31 and a stirring member 32, one end of the stirring connector 31 is inserted through the cover plate 12, the other end extends toward the collecting assembly 2, and the stirring member 32 is disposed at the other end of the stirring connector 31. The electrolysis assembly 4 includes an aluminum cathode member 41 and an aluminum anode member 42, the aluminum cathode member 41 and the aluminum anode member 42 being positioned within the cell body 11 and disposed around the stirring member 32. One end of the charging assembly 5 is located inside the tank body 11, which is used for adding the ionic liquid electrolyte to the inside of the tank body 11. One end of the tapping member 6 is located inside the tank body 11 and extends close to the collection member 2 for extracting the ionic liquid electrolyte inside the tank body 11. The liquid measuring assembly 7 is used for detecting the liquid level of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body 11.
The ionic liquid electrolyte is added into the tank main body 11 through the liquid adding component 5, then the electrolyte is electrolyzed through the aluminum cathode component 41 and the aluminum anode component 42, meanwhile, the vortex generated by stirring of the stirring component 32 brings electrolytic generated nanometer aluminum particles away from the electrode surface, then nanometer aluminum particles are deposited and collected by the collecting component 2 at the bottom of the tank main body 11, then the liquid outlet component 6 extracts residual solution in the tank main body 11, the liquid level of the solution is detected through the liquid detecting component 7, after reaching the preset liquid level of the collecting component 2, the collecting component 2 is taken out, and the nanometer aluminum particles are transferred, collected and stored, so that the preparation and collection of nanometer aluminum can be conveniently and rapidly realized. In particular, according to the utility model, the stirring piece 32 is used for stripping nano aluminum particles generated by electrolysis on the aluminum cathode piece 41 and the aluminum anode piece 42 through vortex, then the nano aluminum particles are naturally deposited to the bottom of the tank main body 11 through vortex driving, and the nano aluminum particles are collected by matching with the collecting assembly 2, so that the whole nano aluminum particle preparation, stripping and collecting processes are smooth, simple and convenient.
Specifically, the tank body 11 is formed in a tank body shape having an opening, and has a space therein, and the collection unit 2 is provided at the bottom of the tank body 11. The cover plate 12 covers the opening of the tank main body 11, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the surface of the cover plate, and are respectively communicated with the inner space of the tank main body 11, so that the stirring connecting piece 31, the aluminum cathode piece 41, the aluminum anode piece 42, the liquid adding component 5, the liquid outlet component 6 and the liquid measuring component 7 are respectively penetrated through the cover plate 12 to bear. Preferably, hole sealing plugs 121 are arranged at the positions of the through holes of the cover plate 12, and the hole sealing plugs 121 can be rubber rings so as to seal and ensure the isolation of the inner space of the tank main body 11 from the external atmosphere.
The aluminum cathode member 41 includes a first connecting rod 411 and a cathode electrode plate 412, wherein the cathode electrode plate 412 is located in the inner space of the tank body 11, one end of the first connecting rod 411 is connected with the cathode electrode plate 412, and the other end is disposed through a through hole of the cover plate 12 so as to be electrically connected with an external power supply. Similarly, the aluminum anode member 42 includes a second connecting rod 421 and an anode electrode plate 422, the anode electrode plate 422 is located in the inner space of the tank body 11, one end of the second connecting rod 421 is connected to the anode electrode plate 422, and the other end is disposed through a through hole of the cover plate 12, so as to be electrically connected to an external power source. The cathode electrode plate 412 and the anode electrode plate 422 are disposed around the stirring member 32, in this embodiment, the cathode electrode plate 412 and the anode electrode plate 422 are disposed on two opposite sides of the stirring member 32, the first connecting rod 411, the stirring connecting member 31 and the second connecting rod 421 are sequentially disposed at intervals, the first connecting rod 411 and the second connecting rod 421 are equidistantly disposed on two opposite sides of the stirring connecting member 31, and all the three are perpendicular to the cover plate 12. The cathode electrode plate 412 and the anode electrode plate 422 in this embodiment are both made of high purity aluminum plate having a purity of greater than 99.9%. In a specific application, electrolysis is achieved by energizing the first connecting rod 411 and the second connecting rod 421. The ionic liquid electrolyte in the embodiment is a composite electrolyte system, and the composite electrolyte system comprises the following components in volume ratio (1-2): [ Emim of (8-9)][Al 2 Cl 7 ]And [ Bmim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]And by adding toluene as an additive solvent, the cathode electrode plate 412 and the anode electrode plate 422 generate nano aluminum particles after electrolysis in the composite electrolyte system.
Referring to fig. 3 and fig. 4 together, fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the stirring connection member and the stirring member in the embodiment, and fig. 4 is a schematic view of vortex generated by rotation of the stirring member in the embodiment. The stirring assembly 3 comprises a stirring driver (not shown in the figures), a stirring connection 31 and a stirring element 32. Wherein, the drive end of stirring driver is connected with one end of stirring connecting piece 31, and the other end of stirring connecting piece 31 passes through the through-hole of apron 12 perpendicularly and then is connected with the stirring piece 32 inside the groove main body 11. The stirring connection 31 is a connecting rod, and the stirring driver can adopt a motor. The first connecting rod 411 and the second connecting rod 421 are respectively located at two opposite sides of the stirring connecting piece 31, and the distance between the first connecting rod 411 and the stirring connecting piece 31 is equal to the distance between the second connecting rod 421 and the stirring connecting piece 31, so that the cathode electrode plate 412 and the anode electrode plate 422 are further located at two opposite sides of the stirring piece 32, and the eddy currents generated at two sides of the stirring piece 32 are easier to take away the nano aluminum particles on the cathode electrode plate 412 and the anode electrode plate 422.
Preferably, the stirring member 32 is a propeller type stirring blade. In particular applications, the stirring assembly 3 may employ a propeller stirrer. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the impeller blades, when rotated, carry the nano-aluminum particles generated by the cathode electrode plate 412 and the anode electrode plate 422 away from the electrode surface by radial flow of the blades. Preferably, the collection assembly 2 is a conical tower. It will be appreciated that the vortex generated by the stirring element 32 of the impeller is mainly concentrated on two sides, so that the nano aluminum particles generated by the cathode electrode plate 412 and the anode electrode plate 422 on two opposite sides of the stirring element 32 can be better taken away, and the generated nano aluminum particles can be brought to two sides, and the collecting assembly 2 is arranged as a conical tower, so that the two sides of the bottom of the tank main body 11 form a collecting tank, thereby being more convenient for collecting the nano aluminum particles on two sides. That is, in the present embodiment, specifically, a nano-aluminum particle collection tank is formed by the space between the inner wall of the bottom of the tank main body 11 and the outer wall of the conical tower.
The liquid adding component 5 is a liquid adding pipe, and is externally provided with an ionic liquid electrolyte storage device, so that the ionic liquid electrolyte can be quantitatively added into the tank main body 11, and the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body 11 can be conveniently added or supplemented. The liquid outlet component 6 is a liquid outlet pipe, and is externally connected with a pump, and is used for extracting residual ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body 11, the extracted ionic liquid electrolyte can be recovered and regenerated, and then returned to the ionic liquid electrolyte storage device, and the ionic liquid electrolyte storage device and the pump can be all existing and are not described herein. The liquid detection assembly 7 is a liquid level detection device, and can adopt the existing liquid level detector when being specifically applied, and is used for detecting the capacity of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body 11, so that the ionic liquid electrolyte can be conveniently supplemented, extracted and discharged, the residual amount of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body 11 can be conveniently mastered in real time, and the control of electrolytic reaction can be conveniently carried out.
Referring back to fig. 1 and 2, the nano-aluminum preparation apparatus based on ionic liquid electrolyte in the present embodiment further includes a temperature detection assembly 9, where the temperature detection assembly 9 is used to detect the temperature of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank body 11. Specifically, the temperature detection assembly 9 penetrates through the through hole of the cover plate 12, the silica gel ring is arranged in the through hole to seal, and the detection end of the temperature detection assembly 9 is positioned in the tank main body 11 and used for monitoring the temperature of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body 11, so that the temperature of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body 11 can be conveniently controlled, and the ionic liquid electrolyte system can be ensured to be carried out at the temperature required by preparation. The temperature detection assembly 9 may be a thermometer, and the temperature control of the liquid in the tank body 11 may be an existing temperature control system, which will not be described herein.
Referring again to fig. 1, 2 and 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the lower tank and the collecting assembly according to the embodiment. Further, the tank main body 11 includes an upper tank body 111 and a lower tank body 112, the lower tank body 112 is detachably connected to the lower end of the upper tank body 111, and the collecting assembly 2 is located in the lower tank body 112; sealing treatment is performed between the upper tank 111 and the lower tank 112. The tank main body 11 is divided into an upper tank body 111 and a lower tank body 112, so that the detachable connection of the lower tank body 112 of the collecting assembly 2 is realized, and the nano aluminum particles are collected conveniently.
Specifically, the tank body 11 further includes a fastening structure 113, and the fastening structure 113 may be disposed on outer walls of the upper tank 111 and the lower tank 112. The opposite port positions of the upper groove body 111 and the lower groove body 112 are provided with a matched groove and a protruding structure, and a corrosion-resistant sealing ring is arranged in the groove in a surrounding manner so as to prevent the ion liquid electrolyte from exuding. After the upper groove body 111 and the lower groove body 112 are butted, the upper groove body and the lower groove body are clamped and fixed through a clamping structure 113 arranged on the outer wall. Of course, a card detachable connection structure having a corrosion-resistant seal ring may be directly provided at the butt joint port of the upper tank 111 and the lower tank 112.
At this time, the cone-shaped tower-shaped collecting member 2 is disposed at the bottom of the lower tank body 112, and a collecting groove is formed between the cone-shaped tower outer wall and the lower tank body 112. After the electrolytic reaction is completed, the pump pumps out the liquid in the tank main body 11, that is, the ionic liquid electrolyte through the liquid outlet component 6 until the liquid measuring component 7 detects that the liquid level in the tank main body 11 is reduced to a preset position in the lower tank body 112, for example, the position of the cone-shaped tower of the collecting component 2, and at this time, the pumping out is stopped. The lower tank 112 is detached from the upper tank 111, and the whole body is transferred to the lower tank 112 to collect the nano-aluminum particles.
Referring again to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a comparison of the open and closed states of the screen holes of the screen assembly according to the embodiment. The nano-aluminum preparation device based on the ionic liquid electrolyte in the embodiment also comprises a filter screen component 8; the screen assembly 8 is positioned at the notch of the lower tank 112 and between the collection assembly 2 and the stirring member 32. The screen assembly 8 has a mesh closure structure. It will be appreciated that, since the anode electrode plate is consumed continuously during the electrolytic preparation process, the anode is not consumed uniformly, and the electrode consumption speed at the electrolyte interface is high, which makes the anode electrode plate at the time of electrolytic preparation have a risk of breaking and falling, in order to prevent the falling anode electrode plate from falling directly into the bottom 'conical tower' -shaped collecting tank and being taken out poorly, a filter screen assembly 8 is arranged at the notch of the lower tank 112, so that the prepared nano-sized aluminum particles can fall into the collecting tank through dense holes, and the falling anode only stays above the filter screen assembly 8 and does not fall into the collecting tank, and meanwhile, the risk of damaging the device is avoided.
In specific application, the filter screen hole of the filter screen assembly 8 is opened during electrolysis, and when the nano aluminum particles in the lower tank 112 need to be collected after the electrolysis is finished, the filter screen hole of the filter screen assembly 8 needs to be closed so as to realize the sealing of the notch of the lower tank 112, prevent the ionic liquid electrolyte in the lower tank 112 from splashing out, and isolate the environment inside and outside the lower tank 112. In specific application, can adopt current filtration pore can be confined filter screen structure, for example, filter screen assembly 8 sets up upper and lower two-layer filter screen, and lower floor's filter screen accessible knob 81 realizes the position and removes, and lower floor's filter screen has the platy structure who hides upper filter screen filtration pore, and the filter pore that forms the dislocation through rotatory knob 81 through rotatory lower floor's filter screen follow-up layer filter screen, blocks up the filtration pore of upper filter screen to realize the space isolation of the upper and lower both sides of filter screen assembly 8, this structure can refer to prior art, and this structure is not repeated here.
Transferring the nano aluminum particles deposited in the collecting tank of the disassembled lower tank body 112 into a container carrying ethanol solution, washing 3-4 times by using the ethanol solution after transferring the nano aluminum particles into the ethanol solution, scattering the nano aluminum particles clustered together under the ultrasonic condition, and then centrifugally separating the nano aluminum particles by a high-speed centrifugal machine, and collecting and storing the nano aluminum particles to obtain the required nano aluminum particles.
Example two
With continued reference to fig. 7-10, fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing nano-aluminum based on an ionic liquid electrolyte according to an embodiment, fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a filter screen assembly, a tank body and a collecting assembly according to an embodiment, fig. 9 is another schematic structural diagram of a stirring connector and a stirring member according to an embodiment, and fig. 10 is another schematic structural diagram of a vortex generated by rotation of the stirring member according to an embodiment. The nano-aluminum production apparatus based on an ionic liquid electrolyte in this embodiment is different from the nano-aluminum production apparatus based on an ionic liquid electrolyte in embodiment one in that: the tank body 11 is integrated. The collecting assembly 2 is a conical groove which is arranged at the bottom of the groove main body 11, the notch of the conical groove faces the stirring piece 32, and the conical groove-shaped collecting assembly 2 directly collects the electrodeposited nano aluminum particles. The stirring member 32 is a turbine type stirring blade. In particular applications, the stirring assembly 3 may employ a turbine stirrer. As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the turbine type stirring blade of the stirring member 32 can generate strong radial flow to bring the nano aluminum particles away from the electrode surface and prevent the wall-hanging phenomenon, and the radial flow at the bottom is matched with the conical groove-shaped collecting assembly of the reverse conical tower type to facilitate the deposition of the nano aluminum particles at the bottom of the collecting assembly 2, so that the nano aluminum particles are convenient to collect. And the turbine stirrer is at medium and high levelsThe electrolyte with viscosity can be well stirred, and the application effect is good, so the ionic liquid electrolyte in the embodiment can adopt the electrolyte with higher viscosity [ BmPy ]][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 An electrolyte system.
The liquid measuring assembly 7 in the present embodiment may adopt the mode of the first embodiment, or may adopt a physical detection mode structure, for example, the balance of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body 11 is intuitively known through the liquid level tube.
Preferably, the screen assembly 8 is disposed within the tank body 11 and between the collection assembly 2 and the agitator 32 in this embodiment. The screen assembly 8 has a mesh closure structure. Be provided with handle 82 on the filter screen subassembly 8 in this embodiment, handle 82 firstly can play the function of knob 81 in the embodiment one, and after the preparation reaction was accomplished, rotatory handle 82 closes the hole of the porous filter screen device of filter screen subassembly 8, then can also regard as the handle to upwards propose whole collection subassembly 2, and specific filter screen subassembly 8 can adopt current structure, and this is unnecessary to describe again. And transferring the nano aluminum particles deposited in the collecting assembly 2 into ethanol solution, washing the nano aluminum particles with the ethanol solution for 3 to 4 times, scattering the nano aluminum particles which are clustered together under the ultrasonic condition, and then centrifugally separating the nano aluminum particles by a high-speed centrifugal machine, and collecting and storing the nano aluminum particles.
The first and second embodiments are merely illustrative, and in specific applications, different stirring paddles may be selected according to different ionic liquid electrolyte viscosities, and then the structure of the collecting assembly 2 in the first embodiment or the collecting assembly 2 in the second embodiment may be selected according to the functions of the different stirring paddles. In the present utility model, due to [ BmPy ]][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 The ionic liquid electrolyte has larger viscosity, so that the stirring fan blade structure in the second embodiment suitable for the liquid with large viscosity is needed to be selected, and then the conical groove-shaped collection assembly 2 of the inverted conical tower is selected according to different material mixing modes caused by the stirring fan blade.
Example III
The nano-aluminum preparation method based on the ionic liquid electrolyte in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an ionic liquid electrolyte.
S2, preparing nano aluminum by adopting the nano aluminum preparation device of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
S3, cleaning and collecting the nano aluminum particles prepared by the nano aluminum preparation device of the ionic liquid electrolyte.
In step S1, the ionic liquid electrolyte comprises a complex electrolyte system or [ BmPy ]][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 An electrolyte system, the composite electrolyte system comprising the following components in volume ratio (1-2): [ Emim of (8-9)][Al 2 Cl 7 ]And [ Bmim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]. In particular applications, the composite electrolyte system also requires the addition of toluene as a solvent. And [ BmPy ]][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 The electrolyte system does not add toluene as an additive because of incompatibility and excessive reaction temperature.
The preparation process of the composite electrolyte system in this example is as follows:
first separately prepare [ Emim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]Ionic liquids [ Bmim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]Ionic liquids, namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloroaluminate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloroaluminate.
[Emim][Al 2 Cl 7 ]The synthesis steps of the ionic liquid are as follows:
the first step is the synthesis of [ Emim ] Cl, which has the following reaction chemical formula.
C 4 H 6 N 2 +C 2 H 5 Cl→[Emim]Cl
The second step is [ Emim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]The reaction chemical formula is as follows.
[Emim]Cl+AlCl 3 →[Emim][AlCl 4 ]
[Emim][[AlCl 4 ]+AlCl 3 →[Emim][Al 2 Cl 7 ]
[Bmim][Al 2 Cl 7 ]The synthesis steps of the ionic liquid are as follows:
the first step is the synthesis of [ Bmim ] Cl, the reaction chemical formula is as follows.
C 4 H 6 N 2 +C 4 H 9 Cl→[Bmim]Cl
The second step is [ Bmim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]The reaction chemical formula is as follows.
[Bmim]Cl+AlCl 3 →[Bmim][AlCl 4 ]
[Bmim][AlCl 4 ]+AlCl 3 →[Bmim][Al 2 Cl 7 ]
Then the volume ratio is (1-2): [ Emim of (8-9)][Al 2 Cl 7 ]And [ Bmim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]And then toluene is added as a solvent to obtain a composite electrolyte system.
Wherein, aluminum chloride (AlCl) 3 ) With two imidazolium chloride ionic liquids ([ Emim)]Cl and [ Bmim ]]Cl) is 2:1, wherein [ Emim ]]Cl/AlCl 3 And [ Bmim ]]Cl/AlCl 3 Is a single liquid phase; during compounding, two ionic liquid electrolytes to be mixed are mixed according to the volume ratio of 10:90 or 20:80 at the temperature of 20-60 ℃, stirred for 1-2h and kept stand for 1h.
The utility model provides a composite electrolyte system, namely a composite ionic liquid electrolyte system, which is more convenient to prepare, has lower price and has moderate viscosity and conductivity][Al 2 Cl 7 ]And [ Bmim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]When the two ionic liquids are compounded, in specific application, the solvation effect of the two ionic liquids is utilized to promote the generation of nano aluminum particles in the composite ionic liquid electrolyte in an electrolysis mode by adding a toluene additive, and the composite ionic liquid electrolyte combines [ Emim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]And [ Bmim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]The two ionic liquids have the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost and good cosolvent effect of toluene, so that a composite ionic liquid electrolyte system which can be well applied to the nano aluminum industry in the future is obtained.
[BmPy][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 The ionic liquid electrolyte, namely 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidine bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl imide)/aluminum trichloride, is synthesized as follows:
the first step is the synthesis of [ BmPy ] Br, the reaction chemical formula is as follows.
C 5 H 11 N+C 4 H 9 Br→[BmPy]Br
The second step is [ BmPy][Tf 2 N]The reaction chemical formula is as follows.
[BmPy]Br+Li[N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ]→[BmPy][Tf 2 N]+LiBr
The third step is [ BmPy][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 The reaction chemical formula is as follows.
[BmPy][Tf 2 N]+AlCl 3 →[BmPy][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3
Wherein, aluminum chloride (AlCl) 3 ) And [ BmPy ]][Tf 2 N]The molar ratio of the ionic liquid is 1: 0.5-1.0 reaction temperature is 20-100 ℃, and the obtained electrolyte system [ BmPy][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 The ionic liquid electrolyte is in an upper phase and a lower phase, and the electrolyte used in the electrolysis takes an upper phase.
It will be appreciated that [ BmPy ]][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 In the ionic liquid electrolyte, due to [ BmPy ]] + The charge distribution in the cations is more concentrated, impairing the interaction between the anions and the cations and thus facilitating the formation of nano-sized aluminium electrodeposits. However, due to its inherent characteristics [ BmPy][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 Ionic liquid electrolytes compared to [ Emim][Al 2 Cl 7 ]And [ Bmim ]][Al 2 Cl 7 ]For the two ionic liquid electrolytes, the viscosity is too high, the conductivity is low, and the ionic liquid electrolytes are prepared to form a two-phase system, so that the application difficulty is high. To solve this problem, in the nano-aluminum preparation apparatus based on an ionic liquid electrolyte in the second embodiment, the temperature in the tank body 11 can be monitored by the temperature detecting means 9, thereby realizing the high viscosity [ BmPy ] by controlling the reaction temperature and adding the stirring means][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 The purpose of electrolytic production of nano-aluminium in ionic liquid electrolyte is achieved by means of turbine-type stirring paddles of stirring member 32 and collection assembly 2 in the form of a "reverse-cone-tower" type conical troughThe radial flow generated by the fan blade brings the generated nano aluminum particles away from the surface of the electrode, and the nano aluminum particles are naturally precipitated in the conical groove-shaped collecting assembly 2, and the collecting assembly is taken out after the reaction is finished, and the nano aluminum particles are treated, collected and stored.
To further explain step S2, the nano-aluminum preparation devices based on the ionic liquid electrolyte in the first and second embodiments respectively utilize a complex electrolyte system and [ BmPy][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 The electrolyte system is used for preparing the nano aluminum particles, and the specific process is as follows.
This step will be exemplified by the ionic liquid electrolyte in table 1. Referring to Table 1, table 1 shows the electrolyte composition of the composite ionic liquid and [ BmPy ]] + The reference table is based on the ionic liquid electrolyte system.
| [Emim][Al 2 Cl 7 ] | [Bmim][Al 2 Cl 7 ] | [BmPy][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 | Toluene (toluene) | |
| 1# | 10ml | 90ml | 0 | 20ml |
| 2# | 20ml | 80ml | 0 | 20ml |
| 3# | 0 | 0 | 100ml | 0 |
TABLE 1
S21, the composite ionic liquid electrolytes of Experimental examples 1 and 2 in Table 1 were added to the tank main body 11 of the apparatus for producing nano-aluminum based on ionic liquid electrolyte in example 1, respectively, [ BmPy ] of Experimental example 3 in Table 1][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 Is added to the tank main body 11 of the nano-aluminum production apparatus based on the ionic liquid electrolyte in the second embodiment.
S22, constant current is respectively applied to the first connecting rod 411 and the second connecting rod 421, the constant current is 30-80 mA direct current, and the constant current in the embodiment is 40mA direct current. Cathode electrode plate 412 and anode electrode plate 422, which have an aluminum purity of > 99.9%, are used as the cathode and anode for the electrolytic reaction.
The electrolytic preparation reaction is as follows:
anode reaction:
cathode reaction:
the reaction temperature is 20-100 ℃ and the polar distance is 2-4 cm, and the electrolysis time is 48-96 h in the preparation process. The reaction temperature of the nano-aluminum preparation device based on the ionic liquid electrolyte in the first embodiment is 40 ℃, the polar distance is 3cm, and the electrolysis time is 72 hours. The reaction temperature of the nano-aluminum preparation device based on the ionic liquid electrolyte in the second embodiment is 60 ℃, the polar distance is 3cm, and the electrolysis time is 72 hours.
At the same time, the vortex generated by the rotation of the stirring member 32 brings the nano-aluminum particles away from the electrode surface and deposits toward the bottom of the tank main body 11.
S23, after the reaction is completed, nano aluminum particles are mainly deposited at the bottom of the tank main body 11, at the moment, the anode and cathode in the tank main body 11 are taken out after the tank main body is kept stand for 4 to 8 hours, the attached nano aluminum particles on the cathode are scraped by a scraper, then the ionic liquid in the tank main body 11 is extracted for being needed in the next electrolytic preparation,
and S3, transferring the nano aluminum particles deposited at the bottom of the tank main body 11 into an ethanol solution, cleaning the nano aluminum particles for 3 to 4 times by using the ethanol solution, scattering the nano aluminum particles which are clustered together under the ultrasonic condition, and then centrifugally separating the nano aluminum particles by using a high-speed centrifugal machine, and collecting and storing the nano aluminum particles.
The whole process is carried out under the inert gas atmosphere filled with nitrogen or argon with high purity of more than 99.99 percent.
Referring to Table 2, table 2 shows the electrolyte composition of the composite ionic liquid and [ BmPy ]] + The size and purity of the nano-aluminum particles obtained after the ionic liquid electrolyte system passes through the above-mentioned electrolysis process.
| Ionic liquid electrolyte numbering | Aluminum particle size | Purity of aluminum particles |
| 1# | 300nm～500nm | 98.99％ |
| 2# | 500nm～1000nm | 98.60％ |
| 3# | ＜100nm | 96.77％ |
TABLE 2
Comparative experiments were performed using the same preparation conditions as described above. Referring to table 3, table 3 is the composition of each group of ionic liquid electrolytes in the control experiments:
| [Emim][Al 2 Cl 7 ] | [Bmim][Al 2 Cl 7 ] | [BmPy][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 | toluene (toluene) | |
| 1# | 10ml | 90ml | 0 | 0 |
| 2# | 20ml | 80ml | 0 | 0 |
| 3# | 100ml | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4# | 0 | 100ml | 0 | 0 |
| 5# | 100ml | 0 | 0 | 20ml |
| 6# | 0 | 100ml | 0 | 20ml |
| 7# | 0 | 0 | 100ml | 20ml |
TABLE 3 Table 3
Referring to table 4, table 4 shows the aluminum particle sizes and purities obtained for each group of ionic liquid electrolyte systems in the control experiment:
TABLE 4 Table 4
In Table 4, group 7 is because of [ BmPy ]][Tf 2 N]/AlCl 3 Cannot be well compatible with toluene additives and cannot form a usable liquid electrolyte system, so that the process of electrolytically preparing nano-aluminum cannot be performed.
By combining the ionic liquid electrolyte and [ BmPy ] in Table 2] + The comparison of the size and purity of the aluminum particles obtained in the base ionic liquid electrolyte system with the data in table 4 of the control group shows the following conclusion:
first, as can be seen from comparison of the two 1# data, the aluminum particles obtained by electrolysis from the ionic liquid electrolyte to which toluene was not added were micron-sized, whereas in the ionic liquid electrolyte to which toluene was added, nano-sized aluminum particles were obtained, which were slightly lower in purity, but were found by analysis to be mainly due to the fact that nano-sized aluminum particles were extremely easily oxidized in air, resulting in a decrease in purity, which was also demonstrated by subsequent purity analysis, and it was found from the purity analysis of EDS that impurities were mainly oxygen, which was caused by oxidation of nano-sized aluminum particles.
Second, as can be seen from comparing two 2# data, with [ Emim]Cl/AlCl 3 The increase in the size of the aluminum particles obtained is large, but the nano-scale can still be maintained, but the particle size distribution is widened, and the purity is also slightly lower than that of the aluminum particles, mainly due to oxidation, and the aluminum particles in the control group are tightly adhered to the electrode plate, so that the oxidation degree is also weak, and in the preparation of nano-aluminum, the aluminum particles need to be separated from the electrode plate and collected, so that the obtained aluminum particles are more easily oxidized than the adhered aluminum because of the larger surface area.
Third, it can be derived from the 3# data in tables 1 and 2 that the cation is [ BmPy] + Ionic liquids based as electricityThe electrolyte system can directly obtain the nano-grade aluminum product with the particle size smaller than 100nm under the condition of no addition of additives, but the nano-grade aluminum product obtained from the electrolyte has strong adhesive force, the nano-grade aluminum deposited particles can be used only by scraping the nano-grade aluminum deposited particles from the surface of the electrode by adopting a scraper, and the process easily causes the serious oxidation of the nano-grade aluminum product to cause lower product quality and purity. Meanwhile, the electrolyte has the defect of larger viscosity, and can be prepared by matching with a special electrolysis device, but the electrolyte system has the advantage of being stable to water and air, can be suitable for a conventional environment, does not need to strictly remove water and oxygen in the electrolysis environment, and has certain market application potential in the future under the condition of matching with the special electrolysis device.
In addition, due to [ BmPy] + The ionic liquid electrolyte system based is not compatible with toluene and therefore toluene cannot be used therein as an additive to help improve its conductivity and viscosity, as has been demonstrated by the 7# experiment in the control experiment.
Fourth, it is known from the data of 3# to 6# in the comparative experiments and the comparison with the experimental data of 1# and 2# in the experimental examples that the process was performed simply to [ Emim ] without mixing]Cl/AlCl 3 And [ Bmim ]]Cl/AlCl 3 Toluene is added in the electrode, so that the regular arrangement of anions and cations on the interface between the electrode and the ionic liquid electrolyte is broken through by utilizing the solvation effect, part of nano-sized aluminum particles can be prepared, the particle size distribution range is larger, and part of micro-sized aluminum deposition particles exist at the same time. The composition of the electronic layer on the surface of the original cathode electrode can be changed through the compounding of two ionic liquid electrolytes, so that the structure of an aluminum deposition layer formed in the electrodeposition process on an electrode interface is looser, the adhesion is poorer and more dendrite phenomena are accompanied, and the radial flow created by mechanical stirring is matched, so that nano aluminum deposition particles are promoted to automatically drop from the electrode surface to the bottom of an electrolytic tank, and the nano aluminum deposition particles are convenient to collect.
In general, the toluene additive can obviously reduce the particle size of the final aluminum deposit, thereby helping to obtain nano-scale aluminum deposit particles, and the effect of the combination of the two ionic liquids is to weaken the adhesive force of the aluminum particles on the electrode, improve the dendrite effect and make the structure of the aluminum deposit layer more loose, so that the aluminum deposit layer is easier to fall off from the electrode.
In summary, the nano-aluminum preparation device based on the ionic liquid electrolyte in the embodiment can conveniently and rapidly prepare and collect nano-aluminum.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the utility model and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model. Various modifications and variations of the present utility model will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, or the like, which is within the spirit and principles of the present utility model, should be included in the scope of the claims of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. An ionic liquid electrolyte-based nano-aluminum preparation device is characterized by comprising:
an electrolytic cell (1) comprising a cell body (11) and a cover plate (12), the cover plate (12) covering a notch of the cell body (11);
a collection assembly (2) which is arranged in the tank main body (11) and is positioned at the bottom of the tank main body (11);
the stirring assembly (3) comprises a stirring connecting piece (31) and a stirring piece (32), one end of the stirring connecting piece (31) penetrates through the cover plate (12), the other end of the stirring connecting piece extends towards the collecting assembly (2), and the stirring piece (32) is arranged at the other end of the stirring connecting piece (31);
an electrolysis assembly (4) comprising an aluminium cathode member (41) and an aluminium anode member (42), the aluminium cathode member (41) and the aluminium anode member (42) being located within the cell body (11) and disposed around the periphery of the stirring member (32);
a liquid adding component (5) with one end positioned inside the tank main body (11) and used for adding ionic liquid electrolyte into the tank main body (11);
a tapping assembly (6) having one end located inside the tank body (11) and extending close to the collection assembly (2); and
and the liquid measuring assembly (7) is used for detecting the liquid level of the ionic liquid electrolyte in the tank main body (11).
2. The ionic liquid electrolyte-based nano-aluminum preparation device according to claim 1, wherein the stirring member (32) is a push type stirring blade or a turbine type stirring blade.
3. The nano-aluminium preparation device based on ionic liquid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the collection assembly (2) is a conical tower or a conical trough.
4. The nano-aluminum preparation device based on ionic liquid electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the tank main body (11) comprises an upper tank body (111) and a lower tank body (112), the lower tank body (112) is detachably connected to the lower end of the upper tank body (111), and the collecting assembly (2) is positioned in the lower tank body (112); and sealing treatment is carried out between the upper groove body (111) and the lower groove body (112).
5. The ionic liquid electrolyte-based nano-aluminum production device according to claim 4, further comprising a screen assembly (8); the filter screen assembly (8) is arranged at the notch of the lower groove body (112) and is positioned between the collecting assembly (2) and the stirring piece (32).
6. The ionic liquid electrolyte-based nano-aluminum production device according to claim 1, further comprising a screen assembly (8); the filter screen assembly (8) is arranged in the tank main body (11) and is positioned between the collecting assembly (2) and the stirring piece (32).
7. The ionic liquid electrolyte-based nano-aluminium preparation device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the screen assembly (8) has a mesh-closed structure.
8. The ionic liquid electrolyte-based nano-aluminum production device according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature detection assembly (9), wherein the temperature detection assembly (9) is configured to detect the temperature of the ionic liquid electrolyte within the tank body (11).
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