CN219611453U - Square motor - Google Patents
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- CN219611453U CN219611453U CN202320851324.0U CN202320851324U CN219611453U CN 219611453 U CN219611453 U CN 219611453U CN 202320851324 U CN202320851324 U CN 202320851324U CN 219611453 U CN219611453 U CN 219611453U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a square motor, which comprises a stator and a rotor positioned in the stator, wherein the stator comprises a shell with a square radial section outline, permanent magnets are distributed along the inner wall of the shell, the permanent magnets are of an annular integrated structure, a plurality of magnetic poles distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the shell are arranged on the permanent magnets, the magnetic poles are arranged in a N, S pole circulation replacement mode, the inner side of the permanent magnets forms a continuous cylindrical surface, and a uniform air gap is formed between the cylindrical surface and the outer side of the rotor. The permanent magnet is of an integrated structure, and has the advantages of convenience in positioning, convenience in installation, high installation precision and no occurrence of magnetic pole installation errors.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a square motor.
Background
The square motor is in a great hot direction of research and manufacture of the existing permanent magnet motor, a plurality of permanent magnets distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall are generally arranged on the inner wall of the shell of the existing square motor, the inner sides of the plurality of permanent magnets and the inner wall of the shell of the motor are matched to form a cylindrical space for accommodating a rotor, when the permanent magnets are additionally arranged, the arc-shaped flaky permanent magnets are connected with the inner wall of the shell of the motor in a single-sided bonding manner, the permanent magnets are easy to fall off under the long-time use condition, the permanent magnets are difficult to position during installation, and magnetic leakage is easy to be caused due to uneven installation, so that the torque and the power density of the motor are influenced; in addition, the polarities of the permanent magnets are different, but the permanent magnets are required to be bonded strictly according to the set magnetic pole arrangement sequence during installation, and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are required to be detected before installation, so that the motor has a small probability of magnetic pole installation error after the motor is manufactured, and the qualification rate of the motor manufacturing is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a square motor. The permanent magnet is of an integrated structure, and has the advantages of convenience in positioning, convenience in installation, high installation precision and no occurrence of magnetic pole installation errors.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: the utility model provides a square motor, includes the stator and is located the inside rotor of stator, the stator includes radial cross-section outline is square shell, follows the permanent magnet has been laid to the inner wall of shell, the permanent magnet is cyclic annular integral type structure, is equipped with a plurality of along the magnetic pole of shell inner wall circumference distribution on the permanent magnet, and a plurality of magnetic pole is arranged with N, S pole circulation mode of changing, the inboard of permanent magnet encloses into a continuous face of cylinder, is formed with even air gap between this face of cylinder and the lateral surface of rotor.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: compared with a structure that a plurality of permanent magnets are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the square motor shell, the permanent magnet is convenient to position and install and is more convenient to install, in theory, the matching mode between the permanent magnet and the inner wall of the shell is unique, and the installation precision can be ensured to the greatest extent; in addition, the arrangement mode of the magnetic poles of the integrated permanent magnet depends on the magnetizing condition of the permanent magnet in the earlier stage, and as long as the permanent magnet is arranged according to the set requirement, the correct rate of the magnetic pole arrangement can reach 100% after the permanent magnet is arranged, namely the phenomenon of magnetic pole installation error can not occur, and the qualification rate of motor manufacturing is improved.
In the square motor, the outer sides of the permanent magnets are tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell, so that the outer sides of the permanent magnets form an attaching surface which is matched with the inner wall of the shell.
In the foregoing square motor, the bonding surface includes an edge arc surface corresponding to four surfaces of the inner wall of the housing, and an angle arc surface corresponding to four angles of the inner wall of the housing.
In the square motor, an intersecting line is formed at the intersecting position of the adjacent side arc surfaces and the corner arc surfaces, the adjacent side arc surfaces and the corner arc surfaces have the same tangent plane, and the intersecting line is positioned in the tangent plane.
In the square motor, the radius corresponding to the arc of the side arc surface is k×109.4mm, and the radius corresponding to the arc of the corner arc surface is k×2.4mm, wherein k is a proportionality coefficient.
In the square motor, the wall thickness of the casing is equal everywhere, and in a radial section of the square motor, a minimum distance from the axis of the rotor to the inner wall of the casing is k×9.4mm, and a maximum distance is k×12mm.
In the square motor, the wall thickness of the shell is k 0.6mm.
In the square motor, in a radial section of the square motor, a distance from an axis of the rotor to the cylindrical surface is k×8.55mm.
In the square motor, the width of the air gap formed between the cylindrical surface and the outer side surface of the rotor is k x 0.3mm.
In the square motor, the number of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet is four.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a permanent magnet;
fig. 3 is a magnetic field line cloud diagram of the square motor in the idle state in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a cogging torque waveform for an embodiment in which the square motor is in an unloaded state;
FIG. 5 is a flux linkage waveform for an embodiment in which the square motor is in an unloaded state;
fig. 6 is a counter potential waveform in the no-load state of the square motor in the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a self-inductance waveform of an embodiment in an unloaded state of a square motor;
FIG. 8 is a waveform of mutual inductance of the square motor in an empty state in the embodiment;
fig. 9 is a waveform of core loss in the no-load state of the square motor in the embodiment;
fig. 10 is a magnetic field line cloud diagram of the square motor in the rated state in the embodiment;
fig. 11 is a torque waveform in the rated state of the square motor in the embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a flux linkage waveform at rated state of a square motor in an embodiment;
fig. 13 is a counter potential waveform in the rated state of the square motor in the embodiment;
fig. 14 is a self-inductance waveform in the rated state of the square motor in the embodiment;
fig. 15 is a waveform of mutual inductance in the rated state of the square motor in the embodiment;
fig. 16 is a waveform of core loss in the rated state of the square motor in the embodiment;
FIG. 17 is a cloud of magnetic lines when a 2.5A direct current is applied to a square motor in an example;
FIG. 18 is a counter potential waveform when a square motor applies a 2.5A direct current in an embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a cloud of magnetic lines when 8A direct current is applied by a square motor in an example;
FIG. 20 is a counter potential waveform when an 8A direct current is applied by a square motor in an embodiment;
fig. 21 is a magnetic field line cloud image in a locked state of a square motor in the embodiment;
fig. 22 is a torque waveform when 8A direct current is applied in the locked state of the square motor in the embodiment.
Reference numerals: 1-rotor, 2-shell, 3-permanent magnet, 31-cylindrical surface, 32-joint surface, 321-side arc surface, 322-angle arc surface and 323-intersecting line.
Detailed Description
The utility model is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Examples: the utility model provides a square motor, the structure is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, including the stator with be located the inside rotor 1 of stator, the stator includes that radial cross-section outline is square shell 2, permanent magnet 3 has been laid along the inner wall of shell 2, permanent magnet 3 is cyclic annular integral type structure, be equipped with the magnetic pole of a plurality of along the inner wall circumference distribution of shell 2 on the permanent magnet 3, a plurality of magnetic pole is arranged with N, S pole circulation mode of changing, the inboard of permanent magnet 3 encloses into a continuous face of cylinder 31, be formed with even air gap between the lateral surface of this face of cylinder 31 and rotor 1.
Preferably, the number of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 3 is four, the four magnetic poles are respectively N poles, S poles, N poles and S poles which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the shell 2 in sequence, the four magnetic poles meet the working requirement of the motor, and meanwhile, the magnetizing difficulty of the permanent magnet 3 can be reduced to the minimum.
Preferably, the outer sides of the permanent magnets 3 are tightly attached to the inner wall of the housing 2, so that the outer sides of the permanent magnets 3 form an attaching surface 32 which is matched with the inner wall of the housing 2, that is, the shape of the outer side surfaces of the permanent magnets 3 is the same as the shape of the inner wall of the housing, and the positioning and the installation of the permanent magnets 3 are facilitated.
Preferably, the bonding surface 32 includes side arc surfaces 321 corresponding to four surfaces of the inner wall of the casing 2 and corner arc surfaces 322 corresponding to four corners of the inner wall of the casing 2, which helps to improve the motor performance.
Preferably, an intersecting line 323 is formed at the intersection of the adjacent side arc surfaces 321 and the corner arc surfaces 322, the adjacent side arc surfaces 321 and the corner arc surfaces 322 have the same tangent plane, and the intersecting line 323 is positioned in the tangent plane, so that the motor performance is improved.
Preferably, the radius corresponding to the arc of the side arc surface 321 is 109.4mm, and the radius corresponding to the arc of the corner arc surface 322 is 2.4mm.
Preferably, the wall thickness of the housing 2 is equal everywhere, and in a radial section of the square motor, the minimum distance from the axis of the rotor 1 to the inner wall of the housing 2 is 9.4mm and the maximum distance is 12mm.
Preferably, the wall thickness of the housing 2 is 0.6mm.
Preferably, in a radial cross section of the square motor, the distance from the axial center of the rotor 1 to the cylindrical surface 31 is 8.55mm.
Preferably, the width of the air gap formed between the cylindrical surface 31 and the outer side surface of the rotor 1 is 0.3mm.
Preferably, the axial length of the permanent magnet 3 in this embodiment is 16.5mm, and the axial length of the square motor is equal to the axial length of the permanent magnet 3.
Preferably, the number of winding grooves of the rotor 1 is 6, the maximum width in the winding grooves is 4.9804mm, and the width of the notch of the winding grooves is 1.2574mm.
Preferably, the radius of the shaft hole of the rotor 1 is 1mm.
Preferably, in the radial cross section of the square motor, the distance from the axial center of the rotor 1 to the bottom of the winding slot is 2.9mm, and the distance from the axial center of the rotor 1 to the outermost side of the tooth portion is 8.25mm.
Preferably, the width at the root of the rotor 1 is 1.9mm and the width at the shoe of the rotor 1 is 7.1370mm.
Preferably, the permanent magnet 3 is made of bonded NdFeB GPM-8i (Br 650MT; hc 760 kA/m).
Preferably, the number of conductors per slot of the winding slot is 16, the number of double-layer windings is 1, the number of parallel branches is 6, the diameter of a bare wire is 0.19mm, the outer diameter of the wire is 0.22mm, the slot filling rate is 72.1%, and when the rated current is 2.5A, the winding density is 14.696A/mm < 2 >, and the phase resistance is 0.12 omega.
For the motor under the structure of the embodiment, the rated voltage is as follows: DC 12.0+ -0.1V; temperature: data detection under different working conditions is carried out under the working conditions of 23+/-5 ℃, and for the square motor with the size of the embodiment, the data of different working conditions under ideal conditions are as follows:
working state 1: no load, 20g.cm Max of cogging torque (=1.96 mN.mMax), 8400+ -10% rpm of rotational speed (=7560-9240 rpm), and current less than or equal to 0.25A.
Working state 2: rated load, torque 105+ -10 g.cm (=10.29+ -0.98 mN.m), rotational speed 7000+ -10% rpm (=6300-7700 rpm), current less than or equal to 2.5A.
Working state 3: blocking, torque 700+ -100 g.cm (68.6+ -9.8 mN.m), rotational speed 0rpm, current less than or equal to 8A.
And carrying out calculation under different working conditions through simulation.
No-load condition (current 0A, rotational speed 9240 rpm):
referring to fig. 3, it can be seen from a magnetic line cloud chart of the square motor in an idle state that the permanent magnet 3 is magnetized in a radial direction, and the magnetic line passes through an air gap from the permanent magnet 3, a rotor 1 iron core, the air gap, the permanent magnet 3, and a stator iron core and returns to the permanent magnet 3 to form a closed curve.
Referring to fig. 4, it can be seen from the cogging torque waveform in the no-load state of the square motor that the cogging torque peak value is 9.5578mn·m at no-load, which is greater than 1.96mn·m in the ideal state.
Referring to fig. 5, as can be seen from the flux linkage waveform of the square motor in the no-load state, the three-phase flux linkage is symmetrically distributed at 120 °, the waveform has poor sine property, and THD is 5.07%, wherein the 3 rd order, 5 th order and 7 th order harmonic contents are more, and are 0.4%, 5.03% and 0.17%, respectively.
Referring to fig. 6, as can be seen from the counter potential waveforms in the no-load state of the square motor, three-phase counter potentials are symmetrically distributed at 120 ° and have an amplitude of 2.0332V, but the counter potential waveforms are distorted more, THD is 25.6%, and 3, 5 and 7 harmonics are more, 1.13%, 25.12% and 1.22%, respectively.
Referring to fig. 7, as can be seen from the self-inductance waveform of the square motor in the no-load state, three phases are symmetrically distributed at 120 ° and about 13.38uH.
Referring to fig. 8, as can be seen from the mutual inductance waveform of the square motor in the no-load state, the mutual inductance is symmetrically distributed at 120 °, about 6.06uH.
Referring to fig. 9, it can be seen from the core loss waveform in the no-load state of the square motor that the maximum value of the core loss is 979.2693mW in no-load.
Rated state (current effective value 2.5A, rotational speed 7700 rpm):
referring to fig. 10, it can be seen from a magnetic line cloud diagram of the square motor in the rated state that the permanent magnet 3 is magnetized in a radial direction, and the magnetic line passes through the air gap from the permanent magnet 3, the rotor 1 core, the air gap, the permanent magnet 3, the stator core and then returns to the permanent magnet 3 to form a closed curve.
Referring to fig. 11, when the rated load is seen from the torque waveform in the rated state of the square motor, the torque average value is 10.6064mn·m, which is slightly larger than 10.29mn·m in the ideal state, and the peak value of the ripple peak is 9.8787mn·m, which is larger than 1.96mn·m in the ideal state.
Referring to fig. 12, as can be seen from the flux linkage waveform in the rated state of the square motor, the three-phase flux linkage is symmetrically distributed at 120 °, the waveform has poor sine property, and THD is 5.02%, wherein the 3 rd order, 5 th order and 7 th order harmonic contents are more, and are 0.41%, 4.99% and 0.28%, respectively.
Referring to fig. 13, as can be seen from the back emf waveforms in the rated state of the square motor, the three-phase back emf is symmetrically distributed at 120 ° and has an amplitude of 1.7344V, but the back emf waveform is distorted more, the THD is 25.37%, and the 3 rd order, 5 th order and 7 th order harmonic contents are more, 1.20%, 24.87% and 1.99% respectively.
Referring to fig. 14, as can be seen from the self-inductance waveform in the rated state of the square motor, three phases are symmetrically distributed at 120 ° and about 13.42uH.
Referring to fig. 15, as can be seen from the mutual inductance waveform in the rated state of the square motor, the mutual inductance is symmetrically distributed at 120 °, about 6.03uH.
Referring to fig. 16, the maximum value of the core loss at the rated load is 738.6262mW as can be seen from the core loss waveform at the rated state of the square motor.
Checking the demagnetization of the motor, applying a direct-axis current with an effective value of 2.5A, and referring to FIG. 17, it can be seen from a magnetic line cloud image when the direct-axis current of 2.5A is applied to the square motor that the permanent magnet 3 is magnetized in a radial direction, and the magnetic line passes through an air gap from the permanent magnet 3, a rotor 1 iron core, the air gap, the permanent magnet 3 and a stator iron core and returns to the permanent magnet 3 to form a closed curve.
Referring to fig. 18, it can be seen from the counter potential waveform when the 2.5A direct-axis current is applied to the square motor that the counter potential waveform is not inverted when the 2.5A direct-axis demagnetizing current is applied, the amplitude is reduced from 1.6957V to 1.6010V when no load, the amplitude is slightly reduced, and the demagnetizing phenomenon is not generated.
Checking the demagnetization of the motor, applying a direct-axis current with an effective value of 8A, and referring to FIG. 19, it can be seen from a magnetic line cloud chart when the direct-axis current of 8A is applied to the square motor that the permanent magnet 3 is magnetized in a radial direction, and the magnetic line passes through an air gap from the permanent magnet 3, a rotor 1 iron core, the air gap, the permanent magnet 3 and a stator iron core and returns to the permanent magnet 3 to form a closed curve.
Referring to fig. 20, it can be seen from the counter potential waveform when the 8A direct-axis current is applied to the square motor that the counter potential waveform is not inverted when the 8A direct-axis demagnetizing current is applied, the amplitude is reduced from 1.6957V to 1.4195V when no load, the amplitude is slightly reduced, and the demagnetizing phenomenon is not generated.
Locked state (current effective value 8A, rotational speed 0 rpm):
referring to fig. 21, it can be seen from a magnetic line cloud diagram of the locked rotor state of the square motor that the permanent magnet 3 is magnetized in a radial direction, and the magnetic line passes through the air gap from the permanent magnet 3, the rotor 1 core, the air gap, the permanent magnet 3, and the stator core and returns to the permanent magnet 3 to form a closed curve.
Referring to fig. 22, it can be seen from the torque waveform when the 8A direct-axis current is applied in the locked state of the square motor that the locked torque 24.2124mn·m is smaller than 68.6mn·m in the ideal state when the current of the effective value 8A is applied.
Loss and efficiency:
single-phase stator resistor R 1 ＝0.12Ω；
The output power of the motor is 8.552W at rated current;
copper loss P Cu ＝m*I 2 *R 1 =2.25W (current effective value 2.5A);
core loss P Fe ＝0.98W；
Stray loss estimation p z ＝0.2W；
Mechanical loss estimation p m ＝0.2W；
Total loss p=3.63W;
efficiency = 70.20%.
Summarizing: (1) The simulated cogging torque is larger than the maximum value in an ideal state, and the simulated value is about 5 times of the ideal state; (2) the counter potential waveform is severely distorted, and more harmonic waves exist; (3) The torque can meet the requirement in an ideal state when the rated load is simulated, but the fluctuation peak value is larger than the ideal state; and has larger electric density of 14.696A/mm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (4) In the locked-rotor state, the simulated locked-rotor torque is only 35.295% of the ideal state.
It can be seen that after the integral permanent magnet with the structure of the embodiment is adopted, although the cogging torque of the square motor is larger and more harmonic waves exist, the torque in the rated load can reach the requirement in an ideal state, and the integral permanent magnet can be considered to be feasible in the design of the square motor by combining the advantages of the integral permanent magnet.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present utility model and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present utility model belong to the protection scope of the present utility model. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present utility model may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present utility model and are intended to be within the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. Square motor, including the stator with be located inside rotor (1) of stator, the stator includes radial cross-section outline is square shell (2), has laid permanent magnet (3), its characterized in that along the inner wall of shell (2): the permanent magnet (3) is of an annular integrated structure, a plurality of magnetic poles distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the shell (2) are arranged on the permanent magnet (3), the magnetic poles are arranged in a N, S pole circulation replacement mode, a continuous cylindrical surface (31) is formed by surrounding the inner side of the permanent magnet (3), and a uniform air gap is formed between the cylindrical surface (31) and the outer side face of the rotor (1).
2. A square motor as defined in claim 1, wherein: the outer sides of the permanent magnets (3) are tightly attached to the inner wall of the shell (2) everywhere, so that the outer sides of the permanent magnets (3) are surrounded to form an attaching surface (32) which is matched with the inner wall of the shell (2).
3. A square motor as defined in claim 2, wherein: the joint surface (32) comprises an edge arc surface (321) corresponding to four surfaces of the inner wall of the shell (2) and an angle arc surface (322) corresponding to four angles of the inner wall of the shell (2).
4. A square motor as claimed in claim 3, wherein: an intersecting line (323) is formed at the intersecting position of the adjacent side arc surfaces (321) and the corner arc surfaces (322), the adjacent side arc surfaces (321) and the corner arc surfaces (322) are in the same tangent plane, and the intersecting line (323) is located in the tangent plane.
5. A square motor as defined in claim 4, wherein: the radius corresponding to the arc of the side arc surface (321) is k.109.4 mm, and the radius corresponding to the arc of the angle arc surface (322) is k.2.4 mm, wherein k is a proportionality coefficient.
6. A square motor as defined in claim 5, wherein: the wall thickness of the shell (2) is equal everywhere, in the radial section of the square motor, the minimum distance from the axis of the rotor (1) to the inner wall of the shell (2) is k.9.4 mm, and the maximum distance is k.12 mm.
7. A square motor as defined in claim 6, wherein: the wall thickness of the shell (2) is k 0.6mm.
8. A square motor as defined in claim 5, wherein: in a radial section of the square motor, the distance from the axis of the rotor (1) to the cylindrical surface (31) is k 8.55mm.
9. A square motor as defined in claim 5, wherein: the width of the air gap formed between the cylindrical surface (31) and the outer side surface of the rotor (1) is k 0.3mm.
10. A square motor according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein: the number of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet (3) is four.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320851324.0U CN219611453U (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Square motor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320851324.0U CN219611453U (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Square motor |
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| CN219611453U true CN219611453U (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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| CN202320851324.0U Active CN219611453U (en) | 2023-04-17 | 2023-04-17 | Square motor |
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