CN219068916U - tuber crop harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tuber crop harvester, which comprises a crawler-type vehicle body, a seedling cutting system, a soil digging system, a roller-type separating system and a collecting system; the crawler-type vehicle body comprises a vehicle chassis, a crawler device and a power device, a cab is arranged above the crawler-type vehicle body, the vehicle chassis is of a rectangular frame structure, and the vehicle chassis is hollow; the seedling cutting device is provided with a double-row shearing device and is driven by a group of crank sliding block mechanisms, and a thorn-protruding crawler which is perpendicular to the movement direction of the vehicle body and rotates is arranged behind the double-row shearing device, so that cut stems and leaves and the like can be transferred to one side of the vehicle body. The excavating system enables the excavating shovel to easily enter the soil, and the excavating work is completed. The roller type separating system is characterized in that the connecting rod is used for conveying tuber crops and vibrating for screening soil when the chain rotates. And the material at the tail end of the drum-type separation system falls onto the material lifting belt and is conveyed into the collecting box by the material lifting belt.

Description

tuber crop harvester

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a harvester for tuber crops.

Background technique

Tuber crops are important economic crops in my country, and the market demand is very large. The national planting area is increasing year by year. The production of tuber crops has become an important growth point of rural economy in some areas. The harvesting of tuber crops is one of the main factors that plague the development of tuber crops due to short time and high labor intensity. Mechanized harvesting is a bottleneck problem in the tuber crop industry chain.

Tuber crops include potatoes, sweet potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke, konjac, etc. Tuber crops grow on the roots of the crops and are buried in the soil, unlike other crops that grow on crop stalks. The growth characteristics of tuber crops determine the special structure, complexity and high power consumption of tuber crop harvesting machines.

The planting of tuber crops in my country belongs to scattered planting in small plots, which is suitable for small and medium-sized harvesting machines. Therefore, the market is in urgent need of small and medium-sized harvesting machinery, which can complete the processes of excavation, soil stem separation, stem screening, grading bagging and other processes during the harvesting process of tuber crops at one time, so as to minimize the labor intensity. At the same time, the adaptability of the machine must be strong, and it must adapt to the requirements of different soil specific resistance, topography and farming system.

Utility model content

According to the characteristics of scattered planting of tuber crops in small plots in my country, the utility model provides a tuber crop harvester, which can complete the processes of excavation, soil stem separation, stem block screening, grading bagging and other processes in the tuber crop harvesting process at one time. The labor intensity is reduced to the minimum.

For this reason, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:

A tuber crop harvester, comprising a crawler car body, a seedling cutting system, a digging system, a drum type separation system and a collection system;

The crawler car body includes a vehicle chassis, a crawler device and a power unit, a cab is arranged above the crawler car body, the vehicle chassis is a rectangular frame structure and the vehicle chassis is hollow;

The seedling cutting system is arranged at the head end of the crawler-type car body, and the seedling cutting system is used to cut straw; the seedling cutting system includes a double-row shearing device, and the double-row shearing device includes fixed shears parallel to the front of the car, and the fixed shears are fixedly connected to the front of the car And close to the ground; the front end of the fixed shears is serrated, and the top of the fixed shears is close to the fixed shears and connected with sliding shears. The saw teeth of the front end and the saw teeth of the fixed scissors are interlaced to cut the straw;

The soil digging system is arranged behind the seedling cutting system and is located at the lower center of the vehicle chassis. The soil digging system includes a digging shovel arranged obliquely. The digging shovel is wedge-shaped and the tip of the wedge faces the ground; There is a rotating shaft connected between them, and a hydraulic cylinder is connected between the left and right rear parts of the excavating shovel and the vehicle chassis. When the hydraulic cylinder is extended or shortened, the angle between the excavating shovel and the ground plane is adjusted;

The drum-type separation system is connected to the rear of the excavation system. The drum-type separation system includes a number of sprockets connected to one side of the inner wall of the vehicle chassis. The other side of the inner wall is provided with corresponding sprockets and chains, and connecting rods are arranged at equidistant intervals between the two chains. When the chains rotate, the connecting rods are used to transport tuber crops and vibrate and sieve soil;

The collection system includes a material lifting belt and a collection box, the collection box is arranged on the top of the crawler car body, the bottom of the material lifting belt is connected to the tail end of the drum type separation system, and the upper part of the material lifting belt extends into the collection box; the tail end of the drum type separation system The material falls onto the material lifting belt and is conveyed to the collection box by the material lifting belt.

Further, the seedling cutting system also includes a thrusting crawler, which is horizontally arranged behind the double-row shearing device, and the conveying direction of the thrusting crawler is parallel to the front of the vehicle, and the thrusting crawler is used to transfer the straw cut by the double-row shearing device to the side of the harvester ;

The top surface of the spur crawler is lower than the double-row shearing device, and the length of the spur crawler is equal to the width of the harvester; the outer surface of the spur crawler is densely covered with upwardly protruding spurs, and the spurs are used to increase the friction force of the spur crawler on the straw.

Further, the end of the thorn track is provided with a discharge baffle for cleaning the stems and leaves on the thorn; the discharge baffle is fixed on the fixed shears next to the thorn track, and there are several holes for the thorn to pass through on the discharge baffle. notch.

Further, the top surface of the fixed shears is provided with two vertical positioning pins, and the movable shears are provided with two horizontal guide grooves corresponding to the positioning pins, the guide grooves of the movable shears are inserted into the positioning pins, and the top of the positioning pins is provided with The stopper used to limit the vertical movement of movable shears.

Further, the drive part includes a rocker arm and a rocker. One end of the rocker arm is fixed on the rotating shaft, the other end is connected to the head end of the rocker with a pin shaft, and the tail end of the rocker is connected to the end of the movable scissors with a pin shaft. The rocking bar and the rocking arm drive the movable shears to move back and forth.

Further, the material lifting belt is provided with partitions arranged at intervals.

Further, a material guide groove is provided between the drum type separation system and the material lifting belt, and the material guide groove is conical in shape, with a large opening at the end connected to the drum type separation system and a small opening at the side connected with the material lifting belt.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

1. The seedling cutting system completes the separation of stems, leaves and tubers. At the same time, the system is designed with a spur crawler perpendicular to the moving direction of the vehicle body, which transfers the stems and leaves to a fixed position, improving the classification and harvesting efficiency of crops;

2. The design of the digging shovel in the digging system improves the digging efficiency, and it can dig smoothly under various soil conditions, which is convenient for harvesting tuber crops;

3. The drum type separation system achieves the purpose of separating crops and soil, and is more adaptable than traditional harvesters.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of utility model double row shearing device;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the spur crawler of the utility model;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the utility model drum type separation system;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the guide groove of the utility model;

Fig. 7 is the front view of the discharge baffle of the utility model;

In the figure: 1-crawler car body, 2-cab, 3-collection box, 4-fixed scissors, 5-movable scissors, 6-rocker arm, 7-rocker bar, 8-locating pin, 9-guide groove, 10-spur crawler, 11-discharge baffle, 111-notch, 12-digging shovel, 13-support rod, 14-hydraulic cylinder, 15-roller separation system, 151-sprocket, 152-chain, 153- Connecting rod, 16-material guide groove, 17-material lifting belt.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is further described:

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of tuber crop harvester comprises crawler car body 1, seedling cutting system, digging system, drum type separation system 15 and collection system.

The crawler vehicle body 1 includes a vehicle chassis, a crawler device and a power unit. A cab 2 is arranged above the crawler vehicle body 1. The vehicle chassis is a rectangular frame structure and the vehicle chassis is hollow. The crawler car body 1 adopts electric drive, and the electric power car is the mainstream of social development today, energy-saving and environment-friendly. The crawler type can adapt to various terrain environments, and at the same time, the crawler has less pressure on the soil and will not damage the soil. The roof of the car body can be provided with solar panels, and the track guide wheel suspension can be provided with a floating charging device and the like.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the seedling cutting system is arranged at the head end of the crawler vehicle body 1, and its purpose is to cut the stems and leaves of tuber crops and transfer them to the target site. The seedling harvesting system includes a double-row shearing device and a thrusting crawler 10. The double-row shearing device includes a fixed shear 4 parallel to the front of the vehicle. The fixed shear 4 is fixedly connected to the front of the vehicle and is close to the ground; the front end of the fixed shear 4 is serrated. The sliding shears are attached to the fixed shears 4, and the front end of the sliding shears is serrated. The sliding shears are connected with a driving part for driving the sliding shears to reciprocate left and right. When the sliding parts reciprocate, the front teeth and the serrations of the fixed shears 4 intersect to cut straw . As shown in Figure 3, two vertical positioning pins 8 are provided on the top surface of the fixed shears 4, and two horizontal guide grooves 9 corresponding to the positioning pins 8 are provided on the movable shears 5, and the guide grooves 9 of the movable shears 5 are inserted into the positioning pins. In the pin 8, the top of the positioning pin 8 is provided with a stopper for limiting the vertical movement of the movable shears 5.

The driving part connected with the sliding shears includes a rocking arm 6 and a rocking bar 7, one end of the rocking arm 6 is fixed on the rotating shaft, the other end is connected with the pin shaft at the head end of the rocking bar 7, and the tail end of the rocking bar 7 is connected with the pin shaft at the end of the movable scissors 5 Connected, when the rotating shaft rotates, the movable shears 5 are driven to and fro by the rocking bar 7 and the rocking arm 6.

As shown in Figures 1 and 4, the spike crawler 10 is horizontally arranged behind the double-row shear device, and the transmission direction of the spike crawler 10 is parallel to the front of the vehicle. The spike crawler 10 is used to transfer the straw cut by the double-row shear device to the side of the harvester. The top surface of the thorn crawler 10 is lower than the double-row shearing device, and the length of the thorn crawler 10 is equal to the width of the harvester; the outer surface of the thorn crawler 10 is densely covered with upwardly protruding thorns, and the thorns are used to increase the friction force of the thorn crawler 10 on the straw. The end of the thorn crawler 10 is provided with a discharge baffle 11 for cleaning the stems and leaves on the thorn; the discharge baffle 11 is fixed on the fixed shear 4 next to the thorn crawler 10, and the discharge baffle 11 is provided with a number of holes for the thorn to pass through. The notch 111 (as shown in Figure 7). The stems and leaves are hooked and transferred to the side of the car body by the thrusting crawler 10, and the stems and leaves are transferred to a fixed position, which is convenient for tuber separation and subsequent farmland arrangement. This design can be used in conjunction with a strapping device.

As shown in Figure 2, the digging system is arranged at the rear of the seedling cutting system and is positioned at the lower position of the vehicle chassis center. The digging system includes a digging shovel 12 arranged obliquely. The digging shovel 12 is wedge-shaped and the wedge-shaped tip faces the ground; A support rod 13 is connected between the side front part and the vehicle chassis, and a rotating shaft is connected on the support rod 13. A hydraulic cylinder 14 is connected between the rear part of the left and right sides of the digging shovel 12 and the vehicle chassis. When the hydraulic cylinder 14 is extended or shortened Adjust the angle between the digging shovel 12 and the ground plane. The car body moves forward constantly, and the soil at the front end of the digging shovel 12 constantly extrudes the soil at the rear end of the digging shovel 12, so that the soil at the rear end constantly moves to the tail of the shovel, so that tuber crops and a large amount of soil enter the drum type separation system 15.

As shown in Figures 2 and 5, the drum type separation system 15 is connected to the back of the excavation system. The drum type separation system 15 includes a number of sprockets 151 connected to one side of the vehicle chassis inner wall. A chain 152 is connected to the transmission on the sprocket 151, and the other side of the inner wall of the vehicle chassis is provided with a corresponding sprocket 151 and a chain 152. The two chains 152 are equidistantly arranged with connecting rods 153, and the connecting rods 153 are used when the chain 152 rotates. It is used to convey tuber crops and vibrate and sieve soil. A large amount of soil and tuber crops fall onto the drum plane composed of multiple circular tubes. The drum plane rotates under the action of the driving wheel to transfer the soil and tubers backwards. The fine soil falls from the gap of the circular tubes, and the soil clods and tuber crops continue Transfers backwards into the collection system.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the collection system includes a material hoisting belt 17 and a collection box 3, the collection box 3 is located at the top of the crawler car body 1, the bottom of the material hoisting belt 17 is connected to the tail end of the drum type separation system 15, and the material hoisting belt 17 The upper part extends into the collection box 3; the material at the tail end of the drum type separation system 15 falls onto the material lifting belt 17, and is transported to the collection box 3 by the material lifting belt 17. A guide groove 16 is provided between the drum separation system 15 and the material lifting belt 17. The feed groove 16 is tapered, and one end connected to the drum separation system 15 has a large opening, and one side connected to the material lifting belt 17 has a small opening. It should be noted that the material lifting belt 17 is a vertical lifting belt with a shell, and the material lifting belt 17 is provided with partitions arranged at intervals. The bottom of the housing is the material inlet and the top is the material outlet, and the end of the material guide groove 16 is connected to the material inlet of the housing.

Claims (7)

1. A tuber crop harvester, characterized in that it comprises a crawler car body (1), a seedling cutting system, a soil digging system, a drum type separation system (15) and a collection system; The crawler vehicle body (1) includes a vehicle chassis, a crawler device and a power unit, and a driver's cab (2) is arranged above the crawler vehicle body (1), and the vehicle chassis is a rectangular frame structure and the vehicle chassis is hollow; The seedling cutting system is set at the head end of the crawler vehicle body (1), and the seedling cutting system is used to cut straw; the seedling cutting system includes a double-row shearing device, and the double-row shearing device includes a fixed shear (4) parallel to the front of the car, fixed The scissors (4) are fixedly connected to the front of the vehicle and close to the ground; the front end of the fixed scissors (4) is serrated, and the upper part of the fixed scissors (4) is close to the fixed scissors (4). The upper part is connected with a driving part for driving the sliding shears to reciprocate left and right. When the sliding parts reciprocate, the saw teeth of the front end and the saw teeth of the fixed shears (4) intersect to cut the straw; The soil digging system is arranged behind the seedling cutting system and is located at the lower part of the vehicle chassis. The soil digging system includes a digging shovel (12) arranged obliquely. The digging shovel (12) is wedge-shaped and the tip of the wedge faces the ground; A rotating shaft is connected between the left and right front parts and the vehicle chassis, and a hydraulic cylinder (14) is connected between the left and right rear parts of the excavating shovel (12) and the vehicle chassis. When the hydraulic cylinder (14) is extended or shortened, it adjusts the excavation The angle between the shovel (12) and the ground plane; The drum type separation system (15) is connected to the rear of the excavation system. The drum type separation system (15) includes a number of sprockets (151) connected to one side of the inner wall of the vehicle chassis, and the sprockets (151) are inclined from front to back Layout, the chain (152) is connected to the transmission on the sprocket (151), the corresponding sprocket (151) and chain (152) are arranged on the other side of the inner wall of the vehicle chassis, and the two chains (152) are equidistantly spaced. The connecting rod (153), when the chain (152) rotates, the connecting rod (153) is used to transport tuber crops and vibrate and sieve soil; The collection system includes a material lifting belt (17) and a collection box (3). The collection box (3) is arranged on the top of the crawler vehicle body (1), and the bottom of the material lifting belt (17) is connected to the end of the drum type separation system (15). end, the upper part of the material lifting belt (17) extends into the collection box (3); the material at the tail end of the drum type separation system (15) falls onto the material lifting belt (17), and is conveyed to the collection box by the material lifting belt (17) (3). 2. The tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, the seedling cutting system further comprises a spur crawler (10), the spur crawler (10) is horizontally arranged behind the double-row shearing device, and the spur crawler (10) The conveying direction is parallel to the front of the vehicle, and the spike crawler (10) is used to transfer the straw cut by the double row shearing device to the side of the harvester; The top surface of the spur crawler (10) is lower than the double-row shearing device, and the length of the spur crawler (10) is equal to the width of the harvester; the outer surface of the spur crawler (10) is densely covered with upwardly protruding spurs, and the spurs are used to increase the thrust of the spur crawler (10 ) friction force on the straw. 3. The tuber crop harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that, the end of the thorn track (10) is provided with a discharge baffle (11) for cleaning the stems and leaves on the thorn; the discharge baffle ( 11) The spur track (10) is fixed on the fixed shear (4) next to the spike track (10), and the discharge baffle (11) is provided with a number of notches (111) for the spike to pass through. 4. The tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that two vertical positioning pins (8) are provided on the top surface of the fixed shears (4), and two vertical positioning pins (8) are provided on the movable shears (5). The horizontal guide groove (9) corresponding to the positioning pin (8), the guide groove (9) of the movable scissors (5) is interspersed in the positioning pin (8), and the top of the positioning pin (8) is provided to limit the vertical direction of the movable scissors (5). Stopper for straight movement. 5. The tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, the driving member includes a rocker arm (6) and a rocker (7), one end of the rocker arm (6) is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the rocker The head end of the rod (7) is connected with the pin shaft, and the tail end of the rocker (7) is connected with the pin shaft at the end of the movable scissors (5). When the rotating shaft rotates, the rocker (7) and the rocker arm (6) drive the movable shears (5) reciprocating movement. 6. The tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, the material lifting belt (17) is provided with partitions arranged at intervals. 7. The tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, a guide groove (16) is provided between the drum type separation system (15) and the material lifting belt (17), and the guide groove (16) ) is tapered, with a large opening at one end connected to the drum type separation system (15), and a small opening at the side connected with the material lifting belt (17).

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