CN218006124U - Power supply and multi-output power supply - Google Patents
Power supply and multi-output power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN218006124U CN218006124U CN202221603716.7U CN202221603716U CN218006124U CN 218006124 U CN218006124 U CN 218006124U CN 202221603716 U CN202221603716 U CN 202221603716U CN 218006124 U CN218006124 U CN 218006124U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a power and many output power. As the number or nature of the loads changes, the power requirements also change. A unique power converter capable of handling such a wide variety of power requirements may be difficult to design and expensive and/or inefficient to implement. This is especially true in the case of power converters having multiple stages that must be designed in order to be compatible with each other and with different requirements. The utility model discloses a many output power includes a plurality of power converters and power switching matrix, and this power switching matrix can switch power converter's output in order to realize various output at the output of power.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a multiple output power supply, i.e., a power supply including a plurality of USB sockets or other outputs.
Background
Wall outlets connected to the grid provide high voltage ac power. However, many electronic devices use relatively low voltage dc power. Examples of such devices include cellular phones, tablet computers, and laptop computers, as well as battery chargers for such devices.
The power converter may convert the high voltage ac power to a lower voltage dc power that may be used, for example, to directly power such electronic devices or to charge their batteries. Switched mode (or "switching") power converters are commonly used due to their high efficiency, small size and low weight. In a switch mode power converter, a high voltage ac input is converted to a regulated dc output by switching the current through an energy transfer element using a power switch. In operation, the power switch is switched between an ON (conductive) state and a resistive state (i.e., between an "ON (ON) state" and an "OFF (OFF) state") at a higher frequency than the frequency of the ac input (typically a few 10 to 100 kilohertz). Various different methods may be used to ensure that the output meets the requirements of the powered device. An example method includes: changing the duty cycle (i.e., the ratio of the on-time to the total switching period) of the power switch, changing the switching frequency of the power switch, and changing the number of on-pulses per unit time of the power switch.
Power converters may also be "staged" to convert input power to desired output power. With a staged power converter, the power conversion process can be considered to occur in sequential steps. For example, a first stage power converter may convert high voltage ac power to lower voltage dc power. The second stage power converter may, in turn, convert the power output from the first stage to a different direct current power. For example, the power output from the second stage may have a higher or lower voltage or be more tightly regulated than the power output from the first stage. Each power conversion stage will lose a certain amount of power during the conversion process. The efficiency of a power converter with multiple stages is typically lower than the efficiency of a power converter with a single stage. Common examples of staged power converters include a flyback converter of a first stage and a buck or buck/boost converter of a second stage.
In such a context, the power supply may provide power to the multiple outputs in a variety of different ways. For example, the power supply may include a single power converter (having one or more stages) that individually supplies power to multiple outputs. However, not all outputs need to be loaded at the same time. As the number or nature of the loads changes, the power requirements also change. A unique power converter capable of handling such a wide variety of power requirements may be difficult to design and expensive and/or inefficient to implement. This is especially true in the case of power converters having multiple stages that must be designed in order to be compatible with each other and with different requirements.
Other multi-output power supplies may dedicate a single power converter (having one or more stages) to each output. For example, the power converters may all be coupled to the same high voltage ac power source, and may all provide lower voltage dc power at the output of each power converter. Even with the reduced range of power required by each individual power converter, adapting to the diversity of demands with an inexpensive and efficient power converter remains a challenge in design and implementation.
Furthermore, a multi-output power supply is also possible as a mixture of these options. For example, some of the outputs of a multi-output power supply may have dedicated power converters, while other outputs may be supplied by a single power converter.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
As the number or nature of the loads changes, the power requirements also change. A unique power converter capable of handling such a wide variety of power requirements may be difficult to design and expensive and/or inefficient to implement. This is especially true in the case of power converters having multiple stages that must be designed in order to be compatible with each other and with different requirements.
The utility model provides a power supply, a serial communication port, include: a first output configured to be separately coupled to and decoupled from a first load, wherein the first output comprises: a first power output terminal and a second power output terminal; and a communication terminal; a second output configured to be separately coupled to and decoupled from a second load, wherein the second output comprises: a first power output terminal and a second power output terminal; and a communication terminal; a first power converter including a high output coupled to the high output rail and a low output coupled to the low output rail; a second power converter including a high output coupled to the high output rail and a low output coupled to the low output rail; a power switching matrix comprising a set of switches coupled along or between the high and low output rails; and a power transfer controller coupled to at least some of the switches in the power switching matrix and to communication terminals of the first and second outputs, wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control the switches in the power switching matrix to which the power transfer controller is coupled in response to signals received from one or more devices coupled to the communication terminals of the first and second outputs, wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control the power switching matrix such that: a high output of the first power converter is coupled to a first power output terminal of the first output, a low output of the first power converter is coupled to a high output of the second power converter, and a low output of the second power converter is coupled to a second power output terminal of the first output.
Preferably, the power transfer controller is configured to control the power switching matrix such that: a high output of the second power converter is coupled to a second power output terminal of the second output, a low output of the second power converter is coupled to a high output of the first power converter, and a low output of the first power converter is coupled to a first power output terminal of the second output.
Preferably, the first output is a first USB socket, the second output is a second USB socket, and the communication terminal is a configuration channel terminal.
Preferably, the power transfer controller is configured to control the power switching matrix such that: the high output of the first power converter and the high output of the second power converter are both coupled to a first power output terminal of the first output, and the low output of the first power converter and the low output of the second power converter are both coupled to a second power output terminal of the first output.
Preferably, the power transfer controller is configured to control the power switching matrix such that: the high output of the first power converter and the high output of the second power converter are both coupled to a first power output terminal of the second output, and the low output of the first power converter and the low output of the second power converter are both coupled to a second power output terminal of the second output.
Preferably, the power switching matrix comprises: a first switch coupled along a low output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an open state, the first switch disconnects a low output of the first power converter from a second power output terminal of the first output; a second switch coupled between a low output rail of the first power converter and a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an on state the second switch connects a low output of the first power converter to a high output of the second power converter; and an electrical connection coupling a second power output terminal of the first output and a second power output terminal of the second output.
Preferably, the first switch comprises a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having its source connected to the low output terminal of the first output.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises a zener diode coupled across the source and drain of the MOSFET.
Preferably, the second switch comprises a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having a drain connected to the low output of the first power converter and a source connected to the high output of the second power converter.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises: a resistance coupled between the gate and source of the depletion mode n-channel MOSFET.
Preferably, the power switching matrix comprises: a third switch coupled along a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an open state, the third switch disconnects the high output of the second power converter from the first power output terminal of the second output.
Preferably, the power switching matrix comprises: a fourth switch coupled between a high output rail of the first power converter and a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an on state, the fourth switch connects the high output of the first power converter to the high output of the second power converter; and a fifth switch coupled along a high output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an off state, the fifth switch disconnects a high output of the first power converter from a first power output terminal of the first output.
Preferably, the power switching matrix comprises: a sixth switch coupled along a low output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an open state, the sixth switch disconnects the low output of the second power converter from a first power output terminal of the second output; a seventh switch coupled between a low output rail of the second power converter and a high output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an on state, the seventh switch connects a low output of the second power converter to a high output of the first power converter; and an electrical connection coupling a second power output terminal of the second output and a second power output terminal of the first output.
Preferably, both the first power converter and the second power converter are coupled to the same input to receive the same input power.
A multiple output power supply, comprising: a first power converter including a high output coupled to the high output rail and a low output coupled to the low output rail; a second power converter including a high output coupled to the high output rail and a low output coupled to the low output rail; a first switch coupled along a low output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an open state the first switch disconnects a low output of the first power converter from a low output terminal of a first output of the multi-output power supply; a second switch coupled between a low output rail of the first power converter and a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an on state the second switch connects a low output of the first power converter to a high output of the second power converter; and an electrical connection coupling a low output terminal of the first output and a low output terminal of a second output of the multi-output power supply.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises: a third switch coupled along a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an off state, the third switch disconnects a high output of the second power converter from a high output terminal of the second output of the multi-output power supply.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises: a first switch control line coupled to a control terminal of the first switch, wherein the first switch control line is also coupled to the first power converter.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises a power transfer controller configured to control the power transferred by each of the first and second outputs of the multi-output power supply.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises: a first switch control line coupled to a control terminal of the first switch; and a second switch control line coupled to a control terminal of the second switch, wherein both the first switch control line and the switch control line are coupled to the power transfer controller.
Preferably, the power transmission controller further includes: a first switched communication line coupled to a communication terminal of the first output of the multi-output power supply; and a second switched communication line coupled to a communication terminal of the second output of the multi-output power supply, wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control power transferred by each of the first output and the second output based on communication through the first switched communication line and the second switched communication line.
Preferably, the first output of the multi-output power supply is a first USB socket, the second output of the multi-output power supply is a second USB socket, the first switched communication line is coupled to a configuration channel terminal of the first USB socket, and the second switched communication line is coupled to a configuration channel terminal of the second USB socket.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises: a fourth switch coupled between a high output rail of the first power converter and a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an on state, the fourth switch connects the high output of the first power converter to the high output of the second power converter; and a fifth switch coupled along a high output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an off state, the fifth switch disconnects a high output of the first power converter from a high output terminal of the first output of the multi-output power supply.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises: a sixth switch coupled along a low output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an open state, the sixth switch disconnects a low output of the second power converter from a low output terminal of the second output of the multi-output power supply; a seventh switch coupled between the low output rail of the second power converter and the high output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an on state, the seventh switch connects the low output of the second power converter to the high output of the first power converter; and an electrical connection coupling a low output terminal of the first output and the low output terminal of the second output of the multi-output power supply.
Preferably, both the first power converter and the second power converter are flyback power converters.
Preferably, the first switch comprises a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having a source connected to the low output terminal of the first output.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises: a Zener diode coupled across a source and a drain of the MOSFET.
Preferably, the second switch comprises a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having a drain connected to the low output of the first power converter and a source connected to the high output of the second power converter.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises: a resistance coupled between the gate and the source of the depletion mode n-channel MOSFET.
Preferably, both the first power converter and the second power converter are coupled to the same input to receive the same input power.
The utility model discloses a many output power source includes a plurality of power converter and power switching matrix, and this power switching matrix can switch power converter's output in order to realize various output at the output of power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multiple output power supply.
Fig. 2-5 are schematic diagrams of transistor device implementations of different switches in a power switching matrix.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a multiple output power supply.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a multiple output power supply.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multiple output power supply 100. For convenience, the multi-output power supply 100 is illustrated as having only two USB socket outputs. In other implementations, the multi-output power supply 100 includes additional outputs and/or outputs other than a USB socket.
An exemplary implementation of multi-output power supply 100 includes an input 105, a pair of output receptacles 110, 115, a pair of power converters 120, 125, a power transfer controller 130, and a power switching matrix 135. Although each power converter 120, 125 is primarily associated with a single output outlet 110, 115, the power transfer controller 130 is configured to control the power switching matrix 135 to tailor the power output at each outlet 110, 115 to meet the various power demands of the load.
In more detail, the input 105 is configured to receive a high voltage input. In some implementations, the high voltage input is an ac input, such as a line voltage. In other implementations, the high voltage input is a high voltage dc input, such as a rectified line voltage.
Each power converter 120, 125 is coupled to the input 105 and is configured to convert power on the input 105 to a lower voltage DC voltage V O1 140、V O2 142 and direct current I O1 145、I O2 147. In particular, power converter 120 outputs a voltage V across high rail 150 and low rail 155 O1 140. Power converter 125 outputs a voltage V across high rail 160 and low rail 165 O2 142. In the context of a USB receptacle, the high rails 150, 160 are each coupled to the VBUS terminal of the respective output receptacle 110, 115. The low rails 155, 165 are each coupled to a Return (RTN) terminal of a respective output receptacle 110, 115. In the illustrated implementation, the lower rails 155, 165 are linked together by a line 167. The line 167 couples the RTN terminals together to form a common return for loads coupled to the output jacks 110, 115.
The power converters 120, 125 may be implemented using a variety of different topologies. In the context of a power supply that conforms to USB power transfer requirements, power converters 120, 125 are typically implemented as flyback power converters.
The power delivery controller 130 is configured to control the switching matrix 135 to deliver a wide variety of power through the outlets 110, 115. In implementations that comply with USB requirements, power transfer controller 130 may negotiate the power transferred through sockets 110, 115 with an electronic device coupled to sockets 110, 115. These negotiations are conducted through configuration channel terminals CC1/CC2 in the output jacks 110, 115. Power transmission controller 130 is configured to control at least some of the switches within the switching matrix to transmit the negotiated power. To this end, the power transfer controller 130 includes a set 132 of switch control lines each coupled to a control terminal of a respective switch in the switching matrix 135. As discussed below, in some implementations, the switches in the switching matrix 135 may be controlled by the power converters 120, 125 instead of the power transfer controller 130.
In any case, switching matrix 135 includes switch SP 170, switch AS1 175, switch AS2 180, switch LS1 185, and switch LS2 190. In the illustrated implementation, the switch SP 170 is a bidirectional switch coupled between the outputs of the high rails 150, 160 of the power converters 120, 125.
The following table is a table describing how the states of the switches SP 170, AS1 175, AS2 180, LS1 185, LS2 190 in the power switching matrix 135 may be coordinated to meet different power requirements. The table comprises a first row, a second row, a third row, a fourth row, a first column, a second column, a third column, a fourth column,Fifth, sixth, seventh, socket 110 output column, socket 115 output column set. V in each table OC Representing the common output voltage, I OC Representing the common output current.
The first row describes example states of switches in the power switching matrix 135 in the scenario where devices are coupled to two outlets 110, 115 as shown in the first and second columns. In this scenario, the power converter 120 independently provides power to devices coupled to the receptacle 110, as shown by the receptacle 110 output column. The power converter 125 independently provides power to devices coupled to the outlet 115, as shown in the outlet column of the outlet 115. To this end, switches AS1, LS1 185 along rails 150, 155 are in a conductive ON (ON) state AS shown in the fourth, sixth columns. Likewise, as shown in the seventh column, switch LS2 190 along rail 160 is in a conductive ON state. However, AS shown in the third and fifth columns, the switches SP 170, AS2 180 are basically in a non-conductive OFF (OFF) state. The diversity of the power delivered at each outlet 110, 115 is limited by the individual capabilities of the respective power converters 120, 125.
The second row describes example states of switches in the power switching matrix 135 in the scenario where devices are coupled to the receptacle 115 but not to the receptacle 110 as shown in the first and second columns. In this scenario, the power converters 120, 125 together provide current to the device coupled to the receptacle 115 at a voltage within the capabilities of both power converters 120, 125. In the outlet column of the receptacle 115, the combined current is designated "I O1 +I O2 ", and the voltage is designated as a common output voltage" V OC ”。
Here, AS shown in the third and fourth columns, the switches SP 170 and AS1 175 are in the on state. This ties together both the high and low outputs of the power converters 120, 125. Further, as shown in the seventh column, the switch LS2 190 is in a conductive on state and the high voltage outputs of the two power converters 120, 125 are coupled to the VBUS terminal of the socket 115. However, since there are no devices coupled to the receptacle 110, as shown in the sixth column, the switch LS1 185 is in a substantially non-conducting on-state and the VBUS terminal of the receptacle 110 may float (float). AS shown in the fifth column, switch AS2 180 is also in a substantially non-conducting on-state.
Although the diversity of power delivered at the receptacle 115 is limited by the range of overlapping voltage output capabilities of the power converters 120, 125, the amount of current delivered within this range may increase to the sum of the respective current output capabilities of the power converters 120, 125 within this voltage range. For example, assuming that the power converters 120, 125 are the same device, the scenario in the second row allows for the delivery of an amount of current at the outlet 115 that is up to twice the amount of current that may be delivered at the outlet 115 in the scenario of the first row.
The third row depicts example states of switches in the power switching matrix 135 in a scenario where devices are coupled to the receptacle 110 but not to the receptacle 115 as shown in the first and second columns. In this scenario, the power converters 120, 125 together provide current to a device coupled to the receptacle 110 at a voltage within the capabilities of both power converters 120, 125. In the outlet column of the socket 110, the combined output current is designated as "I O1 +I O2 ", and the voltage is designated as the common output voltage" V OC ”。
Here, AS shown in the third and fourth columns, the switches SP 170 and AS1 175 are in the on state. This ties the high and low outputs of the power converters 120, 125 together. Further, as shown in the sixth column, the switch LS1 185 is in a conductive on state and the high voltage outputs of the two power converters 120, 125 are coupled to the VBUS terminals of the socket 110. However, since there are no devices coupled to the receptacle 115, as shown in the seventh column, the switch LS2 190 is in a substantially non-conducting on-state and the VBUS terminal of the receptacle 115 may float. AS shown in the fifth column, switch AS2 180 is also in a substantially non-conducting on-state.
As with the scenario in the second row, the amount of current delivered within the overlapping output voltage ranges of the power converters 120, 125 may increase to the sum of their respective current output capabilities.
The fourth row describes example states of switches in the power switching matrix 135 in a scenario where the devices shown in the first and second columns are coupled to the receptacle 110 but not to the receptacle 115. In this case, the power converters 120, 125 together provide a current to a device coupled to the receptacle 110 that is within the capabilities of both power converters 120, 125, but is determined by a voltage that is the sum of the voltage capabilities of both power converters 120, 125. In the outlet column of the socket 110, the combined output voltage is designated "V O1 +V O2 ", and the currents are designated as a common output current" I OC ”。
Here, AS shown in the fifth column, the switch AS2 is in the on state. This couples the low rail 155 of the power converter 120 to the high rail 160 of the power converter 125. As shown in the sixth column, switch LS1 185 is in a conductive on state and the VBUS terminal in receptacle 110 is coupled to the high rail 150 of power converter 120. The RTN terminal in the receptacle 110 is coupled to the low rail 165 of the power converter 125, which low rail 165 is now decoupled from the low rail 155 of the power converter 120 by the AS1 175 being in a non-conducting on-state. Further, as shown in the third, fourth, and seventh columns, the switches SP 170 and LS2 190 are in a non-conducting on state. The VBUS terminal in the receptacle 115 may float.
Although the diversity of the power delivered at the receptacle 110 is limited by the maximum current output capability of one of the power converters 120, 125, the amount of voltage delivered at that current may increase to the sum of the respective current-voltage output capabilities of the power converters 120, 125. Again, in the example case where the power converters 120, 125 are the same device, the scenario in the fourth row allows for the transmission of an amount of voltage at the outlet 110 that is up to twice the amount of voltage that can be transmitted at the outlet 110 in the scenario of the first row.
Although the switches SP 170, AS1 175, AS2 180, LS1 185, LS2 190 in the power switching matrix 135 may be implemented using mechanical switches or electrical switches, implementations using transistor devices are generally preferred. For example, switch LS2 190 may be implemented as a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having its source coupled to the VBUS terminal of socket 115. Switch LS2 190 may be switched to the off state by coupling its gate to a voltage sufficiently lower than the RTN terminal to deplete the MOSFET.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of one implementation of switch SP 170 using a transistor device. As previously discussed, the switch SP 170 is a bidirectional switch coupled between the upper rails 150, 160 of the power converters 120, 125. An exemplary implementation of the switch SP 170 comprises a pair of back-to-back depletion mode n- channel MOSFETs 305, 310, i.e. the n- channel MOSFETs 305, 310 are connected at their sources and their drains are connected to the rails 150, 160, respectively. When both MOSFETs 305, 310 are in the off state, current flow between rails 150, 160 is prevented regardless of the voltage difference between rails 150, 160. The switch SP 170 may be switched to an open state by connecting the control line 315 to, for example, the RTN terminal of any receptacle 110, 115 to which the device is coupled. Additionally, although the illustrated implementation is shown as including two control lines 315, a single control line may also be coupled to the control terminals of the two MOSFETs 305, 310.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of one implementation of switch LS1 185 using a transistor device. As previously discussed, switch LS1 185 is coupled along high rail 150 before the VBUS terminal of output receptacle 110. An exemplary implementation of switch LS1 185 includes a depletion mode p-channel MOSFET 405 with its drain connected to the VBUS terminal. When MOSFET 405 is in the off state, current flow from rail 150 to the VBUS terminal is prevented. Switch LS1 185 may be switched to an off state by connecting control line 410 to a voltage sufficiently low compared to the voltage on high rail 150 to deplete the channel of MOSFET 405. Zener diode 415 can prevent the voltage difference between high rail 150 and the gate of MOSFET 405 from exceeding the maximum V of MOSFET 405 GS And (4) a rated value. It should be understood that although MOSFET 405 is shown as a p-channel MOSFET, an n-channel MOSFET may also be used.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of one implementation of switch AS1 175 using a transistor device. AS previously discussed, the switch AS1 175 is coupled along the low rail 155 of the power converter 120 at a location between the line 167 coupling the RTN terminals of the receptacles 110, 115 and the coupling of the switch AS2 180 to the low rail 155. An exemplary implementation of switch AS1 175 includes a depletion mode N-channel MOSFET 505 with its source connected to the RTN terminals tied together. When MOSFET 505 is in the off state, current flow from rail 155 to the tied together RTN terminals is prevented. The switch AS1 175 can be switched to the off state by connecting the control line 510 to a voltage sufficiently low compared to the voltage on the low rail 155 to deplete the channel of the MOSFET 505. The illustrated implementation of switch AS1 175 also includes a Schottky diode 515 coupled across the source and drain of MOSFET 505. Schottky diode 515 serves as a clamp to limit the voltage swing across the body diode of MOSFET 505, for example, during turn ON and OFF transitions of MOSFET 505.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of one implementation of switch AS2 180 using a transistor device. AS previously discussed, the switch AS2 180 is coupled between the low rail 155 of the power converter 120 and the high rail 160 of the power converter 125. An exemplary implementation of switch AS2 180 includes a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET 605 having a drain connected to the low rail 155 of the power converter 120 and a source connected to the high rail 160 of the power converter 125. When the MOSFET 605 is in the off state, current flow between the rails 155, 160 is prevented. The switch AS2 180 may be switched to an off state by connecting the control line 610 to a voltage sufficiently low compared to the voltage on the low rail 155 to deplete the channel of the MOSFET 605. Resistor 615 is coupled between the gate and source of MOSFET 605 and may function as a discharge resistor. Further, a capacitor 620 and a resistor 625 are coupled to the gate of the MOSFET 605. In this position, capacitor 620 and resistor 625 may reduce inrush current and provide soft start for MOSFET 605.
Other methods of implementing the switches SP 170, AS1 175, AS2 180, LS1 185, LS2 190 using transistor devices are possible. For example, the switch LS1 185 may be implemented as a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having its source coupled to the VBUS terminal of the socket 115 but having its gate control signal provided by the power converter 120. Thus, the power converter 120 may define the gate control signal relative to the voltage on the high rail 150 to deplete the channel.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a multi-output power supply 700 illustrating an example implementation of power converters 120, 125 and power transfer controller 130 and a portion of power switching matrix 135. For simplicity, many of the portions of power converter 125 that are substantially identical to the portions of power converter 120 are omitted from fig. 6. However, it should be understood that the power converter 125 may also include components that mimic the components of the power converter 120.
An exemplary implementation of power converter 120 is in a flyback topology and includes a primary controller 705 and a secondary controller 710. Power transfer controller 130 negotiates with secondary controller 710 to adjust/regulate output U of power converter 120 O1 712. Output U O1 712 may be the output voltage V O1 714. Output current I 1 716 or output power. Output U O1 712 are provided to bus terminals VBUS 718 of the receptacle 110.
The secondary winding of energy transfer element T1 720 is coupled to output rectifier D1 735 of power converter 120. In the illustrated implementation, the output rectifier D1 735 is a synchronous rectifier that includes transistors switched by the secondary controller 710. In other implementations, the output rectifier D1 735 may be a diode. Furthermore, the illustrated implementation of the output rectifier D1 735 is low-side coupled. In other implementations, the output rectifier D1 735 may be high-side coupled.
The power converter 120 further comprises an output capacitor CO1 740 coupled to the output rectifier D1 735 and the output return 745. The output capacitor CO1 740 is configured to smooth the output quantity UO1 712 of the power converter 120.
As described above, the power converter 120 includes the secondary controller 710 and the primary controller 705. The primary controller 705 controls the switching of the primary power switch PP 725, and the secondary controller 710 controls the switching of the output rectifier D1 735 and regulates the output quantity UO1 712. In the illustrated implementation, the input of the power converter 120 is galvanically isolated from the output of the power converter 120, i.e., the input return line 730 is galvanically isolated from the output return line 745. There is no direct current (dc) path across the isolation barrier of energy transfer element T1 720. However, non-isolated converter topologies are also possible.
In the illustrated implementation, the secondary controller 710 of the power converter 120 is configured to receive the representative output voltage V O1 714 voltage sense signal 750 and representative output current I 1 716, and a current sense signal 752. The secondary controller 247 is configured to generate a secondary drive signal SR 754 to control switching of the synchronous rectifier D1 735. The secondary drive signal SR 754 may be a rectangular pulse waveform having logic high and logic low portions of different lengths. The logic high portion may correspond to turning synchronous rectifier D1 735 on, while the logic low portion may correspond to turning synchronous rectifier D1 735 off.
The secondary controller 710 is further configured to respond to the output quantity U O1 712 to the set point to generate a request signal REQ 756. These deviations may be detected by using the voltage sense signal 750, the current sense signal 752, or a combination of both. In other words, secondary controller 710 is coupled to respond to sensed output voltage V O1 714. The sensed output current I 1 716 or the output power provided thereby, generates the request signal REQ 756. The request signal REQ 756 may include a request event indicating that the primary controller 705 will turn on the primary power switch PP 725. The request signal REQ 756 may be a rectangular pulse waveform that generates a pulse to a logic high value and returns to a logic low value. A logic high pulse may also be referred to as a request event.
The primary controller 705 is coupled to receive a request signal REQ 756 over a communication link. In the illustrated implementation, the communication link is shown in dashed lines to represent galvanic isolation between the primary controller 705 and the secondary controller 710. The galvanic isolation may be provided, for example, using inductive coupling (such as a transformer or coupled inductor), optocoupler, or capacitive coupling. The primary controller generates a primary drive signal DR 758 to control the turning on and off of the primary power switch PP 725 in response to the request signal REQ 756. In particular, the primary controller 705 turns on the primary power switch PP 725 in response to a request event in the request signal REQ 756.
In some implementations, the primary power switch PP 725 is integrated with the primary controller 705 and the secondary controller 710 in a single integrated circuit package. The primary controller 705 and the secondary controller 710 are typically formed as separate integrated circuits (i.e., on separate dies) within the package. In some cases, the primary power switch PP 725 may also be integrated into the same die as the primary controller 705. However, in other implementations, the primary controller 705, the secondary controller 710, and/or the primary power switch PP 725 are not included in a single package. In some implementations, the communication link that provides galvanic isolation between primary controller 705 and secondary controller 710 is formed from a lead frame of the integrated circuit(s) supporting primary controller 705 and secondary controller 710.
The transistor is coupled between the output of the power converter 120 and the bus terminal VBUS 718 of the socket 110 and functions as the switch LS1 185. As shown, in this implementation, switch LS1 185 is driven by secondary controller 710 instead of power transfer controller 130. The switch LS1 185 is coupled to the secondary controller 710 by a control line 727. A node 765 may be designated between the output capacitor CO1 740 and the transistor serving as the switch LS1 185. As discussed above, the bi-directional switch SP 170 is coupled to the node 765 and is controlled by the PD controller 130 along with the other switches in the matrix 135 to meet the various power requirements of the load.
An exemplary implementation of power transmission controller 130 is coupled to configuration channel terminals CC1 and CC2 772 of outlet 110 and respective configuration channel terminals CC1, CC2 of outlet 115. Power transfer controller 130 outputs one or more communication signals to secondary controller 710. In the illustrated implementation, these communication signals include a serial data signal SDA 775 and a clock signal SCL 780 according to the I2C two-wire interface protocol. However, other communication protocols may be used.
An example implementation of secondary controller 710 includes a digital register configured to store information related to power converter 120. Examples of this information include the output voltage V O1 714. Output current I 1 716 and the current value of the output power. Secondary controller 710 may also store, for example, an output voltage V O1 714. Output current I 1 716, and desired adjustment values for output power, etc. The commands issued by power transfer controller 130 may include read commands and write commands. Example read commands include status queries with power transfer controller 130, e.g., where power transfer controller 130 requests output voltage V O1 714. Output current I 1 716 or the current value of the output power. Example write commands include a regulation or adjustment command by which power transfer controller 130 adjusts output voltage V O1 714. Output current I 1 716 or a desired adjustment of the output power. Other examples of write commands include an enable or disable command for switch LS1 185.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a multi-output power supply 800. For convenience, the multi-output power supply 800 is shown with only two USB socket outputs. In other implementations, the multi-output power supply 800 includes additional outputs and/or outputs other than a USB socket. The multi-output power supply 800 shares many features with the multi-output power supply 100 shown in fig. 1. These features are similarly named and numbered.
In some implementations, switch BS2 896 is implemented using a transistor device. For example, switch BS2 896 may be implemented in a manner similar to switch AS2 180 AS shown in fig. 5. In some implementations, switch BS1 894 is implemented using a transistor device. For example, switch BS1 894 may be implemented in a manner similar to switch AS1 175 shown in FIG. 4.
The following table is a table describing how the states of the switches SP 170, AS1 175, AS2 180, LS1 185, LS2 190, BS1 894, BS2 896 in the power switching matrix 135 may be coordinated to meet different power requirements. The table below includes a set of first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth columns, socket 110 output column, socket 115 output column under the header. The following table also includes the fifth row and the eighth and ninth columns, as compared to the previous table.
The eighth and ninth columns indicate the states of conduction of the additional switches BS1 894 and BS2 896 during the scenario indicated by the first to fifth rows. For the scenarios represented in the first to fourth rows, the states of the switches SP 170, AS1 175, AS2 180, LS1 185, LS2 190 are the same AS in the first table. Further, for the first to fourth rows, as shown in the eighth column, the switch BS1 894 is in a conductive on state. As shown in the ninth column, switch BS2 896 is in a non-conducting on state.
The fifth row represents a scenario where a device is coupled to the receptacle 115 but not to the receptacle 110, as shown in the first and second columns. In this scenario, the power converters 120, 125 together provide a current to a device coupled to the receptacle 115 that is within the capabilities of both power converters 120, 125, but is determined by a voltage that is the sum of the voltage capabilities of both power converters 120, 125. In the outlet column of the outlet 115, the combined output voltage is designated "V O1 +V O2 ", and the current is designated as the common output current" I OC ”。
Here, as shown in the ninth column, the switch BS2 896 is in a conductive on state. This couples the upper rail 150 of the power converter 120 to the lower rail 165 of the power converter 125. As shown in the eighth column, switch BS1 894 is in a non-conducting on state, which decouples the output of power converter 125 from return terminal RTN of receptacle 115. AS shown in the fourth column, switch AS1 is in a conductive on state and return terminal RTN of socket 110 is coupled to the output of power converter 120. In addition, the return terminal RTN of the receptacle 115 is coupled to the low rail 155 of the power converter 120 by line 167. As shown in the seventh column, switch LS2 is in a conductive on state and the VBUS terminal in receptacle 115 is coupled to high rail 160 of power converter 125. AS shown in the third, fifth, and sixth columns, the switches SP 170, AS2 180, and LS1 185 are in the non-conductive on state. The VBUS terminal in the socket 110 may float.
Although the diversity of power delivered at the receptacle 115 is limited by the maximum current output capability of one of the power converters 120, 125, the amount of voltage delivered at that current may increase to the sum of the individual current-voltage output capabilities of the power converters 120, 125. Again, in the example case where the power converters 120, 125 are the same device, the scenario in the fifth row allows for the transmission of an amount of voltage at the receptacle 115 that is up to twice the amount of voltage that may be transmitted at the receptacle 115 in the scenario of the first row.
Many implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (29)
1. A power supply, comprising:
a first output configured to be separately coupled to and decoupled from a first load, wherein the first output comprises:
a first power output terminal and a second power output terminal; and
a communication terminal;
a second output configured to be separately coupled to and decoupled from a second load, wherein the second output comprises:
a first power output terminal and a second power output terminal; and
a communication terminal;
a first power converter including a high output coupled to the high output rail and a low output coupled to the low output rail;
a second power converter including a high output coupled to the high output rail and a low output coupled to the low output rail;
a power switching matrix comprising a set of switches coupled along or between the high and low output rails; and
a power transfer controller coupled to at least a portion of the switches in the power switching matrix and communication terminals of the first and second outputs, wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control the switches in the power switching matrix to which the power transfer controller is coupled in response to signals received from one or more devices coupled to the communication terminals of the first and second outputs, wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control the power switching matrix such that:
a high output of the first power converter is coupled to a first power output terminal of the first output,
a low output of the first power converter is coupled to a high output of the second power converter, an
The low output of the second power converter is coupled to a second power output terminal of the first output.
2. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control the power switching matrix such that:
a high output of the second power converter is coupled to a second power output terminal of the second output,
a low output of the second power converter is coupled to a high output of the first power converter, an
The low output of the first power converter is coupled to a first power output terminal of the second output.
3. The power supply of claim 1,
the first output is a first USB socket,
the second output is a second USB socket, an
The communication terminal is a configuration channel terminal.
4. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control the power switching matrix such that:
the high output of the first power converter and the high output of the second power converter are both coupled to a first power output terminal of the first output,
the low output of the first power converter and the low output of the second power converter are both coupled to a second power output terminal of the first output.
5. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control the power switching matrix such that:
the high output of the first power converter and the high output of the second power converter are both coupled to a first power output terminal of the second output,
the low output of the first power converter and the low output of the second power converter are both coupled to a second power output terminal of the second output.
6. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power switching matrix comprises:
a first switch coupled along a low output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an open state, the first switch disconnects a low output of the first power converter from a second power output terminal of the first output;
a second switch coupled between a low output rail of the first power converter and a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an on state the second switch connects a low output of the first power converter to a high output of the second power converter; and
an electrical connection coupling a second power output terminal of the first output and a second power output terminal of the second output.
7. The power supply of claim 6, wherein the first switch comprises a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having a source connected to the low output terminal of the first output.
8. The power supply of claim 7, further comprising: a Zener diode coupled across a source and a drain of the MOSFET.
9. The power supply of claim 6, wherein the second switch comprises a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having a drain connected to the low output of the first power converter and a source connected to the high output of the second power converter.
10. The power supply of claim 9, further comprising: a resistance coupled between the gate and the source of the depletion mode n-channel MOSFET.
11. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power switching matrix comprises:
a third switch coupled along a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an off state, the third switch disconnects a high output of the second power converter from a first power output terminal of the second output.
12. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power switching matrix comprises:
a fourth switch coupled between the high output rail of the first power converter and the high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an on state, the fourth switch connects the high output of the first power converter to the high output of the second power converter; and
a fifth switch coupled along a high output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an open state, the fifth switch disconnects a high output of the first power converter from a first power output terminal of the first output.
13. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the power switching matrix comprises:
a sixth switch coupled along a low output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an open state, the sixth switch disconnects the low output of the second power converter from a first power output terminal of the second output;
a seventh switch coupled between a low output rail of the second power converter and a high output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an on state, the seventh switch connects a low output of the second power converter to a high output of the first power converter; and
an electrical connection coupling a second power output terminal of the second output and a second power output terminal of the first output.
14. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the first power converter and the second power converter are both coupled to the same input to receive the same input power.
15. A multiple output power supply, comprising:
a first power converter including a high output coupled to the high output rail and a low output coupled to the low output rail;
a second power converter including a high output coupled to the high output rail and a low output coupled to the low output rail;
a first switch coupled along a low output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an open state the first switch disconnects a low output of the first power converter from a low output terminal of a first output of the multi-output power supply;
a second switch coupled between a low output rail of the first power converter and a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an on state the second switch connects a low output of the first power converter to a high output of the second power converter; and
an electrical connection coupling a low output terminal of the first output and a low output terminal of a second output of the multi-output power supply.
16. The multi-output power supply of claim 15, further comprising:
a third switch coupled along a high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an open state, the third switch disconnects a high output of the second power converter from a high output terminal of the second output of the multi-output power supply.
17. The multi-output power supply of claim 15, further comprising:
a first switch control line coupled to a control terminal of the first switch, wherein the first switch control line is also coupled to the first power converter.
18. The multi-output power supply of claim 15, further comprising:
a power transfer controller configured to control power transferred by each of the first and second outputs of the multi-output power supply.
19. The multi-output power supply of claim 18, further comprising:
a first switch control line coupled to a control terminal of the first switch; and
a second switch control line coupled to a control terminal of the second switch, wherein the first switch control line and the switch control line are both coupled to the power transfer controller.
20. The multi-output power supply of claim 18, wherein the power transfer controller further comprises:
a first switched communication line coupled to a communication terminal of the first output of the multi-output power supply; and
a second switched communication line coupled to a communication terminal of the second output of the multi-output power supply,
wherein the power transfer controller is configured to control power transferred by each of the first output and the second output based on communication through the first switching communication line and the second switching communication line.
21. The multi-output power supply of claim 20,
the first output of the multi-output power supply is a first USB receptacle,
the second output of the multi-output power supply is a second USB socket,
the first switch communication line is coupled to a configuration channel terminal of the first USB socket, an
The second switch communication line is coupled to a configuration channel terminal of the second USB receptacle.
22. The multi-output power supply of claim 15, further comprising:
a fourth switch coupled between the high output rail of the first power converter and the high output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an on state, the fourth switch connects the high output of the first power converter to the high output of the second power converter; and
a fifth switch coupled along a high output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an open state, the fifth switch disconnects a high output of the first power converter from a high output terminal of the first output of the multi-output power supply.
23. The multi-output power supply of claim 15, further comprising:
a sixth switch coupled along a low output rail of the second power converter, wherein in an open state, the sixth switch disconnects a low output of the second power converter from a low output terminal of the second output of the multi-output power supply;
a seventh switch coupled between the low output rail of the second power converter and the high output rail of the first power converter, wherein in an on state, the seventh switch connects the low output of the second power converter to the high output of the first power converter; and
an electrical connection coupling a low output terminal of the first output and the low output terminal of the second output of the multi-output power supply.
24. The multi-output power supply of claim 15, wherein both the first power converter and the second power converter are flyback power converters.
25. The multi-output power supply according to claim 15, wherein the first switch comprises a depletion mode n-channel MOSFET having a source connected to the low output terminal of the first output.
26. The multi-output power supply of claim 25, further comprising: a Zener diode coupled across a source and a drain of the MOSFET.
27. The multi-output power supply of claim 15, wherein the second switch comprises a depletion-mode n-channel MOSFET having a drain connected to the low output of the first power converter and a source connected to the high output of the second power converter.
28. The multi-output power supply of claim 27, further comprising: a resistance coupled between the gate and the source of the depletion mode n-channel MOSFET.
29. The multi-output power supply of claim 15, wherein the first power converter and the second power converter are both coupled to the same input to receive the same input power.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12328075B2 (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2025-06-10 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Switch mode power converter with selectable power paths |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12328075B2 (en) | 2022-03-15 | 2025-06-10 | Power Integrations, Inc. | Switch mode power converter with selectable power paths |
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