CN217947789U - Wetland system for farmland drainage and cultivation tail water internal circulation purification - Google Patents
Wetland system for farmland drainage and cultivation tail water internal circulation purification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an aquatic ecological remediation technical field provides a wetland system that farmland is retired and is bred tail water inner loop and purify, with farmland retired water purification and pond aquaculture tail water purification collaborative coupling, constructed with the ecological canal of retiring water, the buffering pond, purify the wetland system of pond as main constitution, combine farmland and aquaculture pond, found multiple cycle clean system, farmland retired water that has effectively solved present and bred the tail water and directly arrange the problem that causes the pollution to peripheral river course water, realize the efficient handling to farmland retired water and aquaculture tail water. The constructed wetland system not only ensures the bidirectional circulation reuse and high-efficiency purification of farmland water discharge and culture tail water, but also can form a low-maintenance artificial wetland landscape, and realizes the organic combination of water pollution treatment and ecological restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of water ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a wetland system for farmland water drainage and cultivation tail water internal circulation purification.
Background
Along with the deep implementation of water pollution prevention and control work, the pollution control effect in the aspects of industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and the like is obvious. Compared with the prior art, the farmland drainage pollution with wide and large area is an important factor for restricting the continuous improvement of the water ecological environment quality due to the reasons of traditional production mode, lack of treatment technology, insufficient capital investment, weak management force and the like. In addition to farm production, aquaculture is also an important component of agricultural rural economy. Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, the aquaculture industry enters a rapid development period, so that the aquatic ecological environment is damaged to different degrees while good economic benefits are brought, for example, a high-density culture mode which is common at present. According to the traditional culture method, a large amount of residual bait and excrement can be discharged into the water body to cause pollution. The pollution of the culture tail water is increasingly serious, so that the quality and the yield of culture products are reduced, and the direct discharge of the culture tail water also causes serious pollution to the water body of a peripheral river channel.
In recent years, farmland drainage and aquaculture tail water treatment are paid more and more attention, some related treatment and repair work is gradually developed, and a series of technical standards are accumulated in the aspects of farmland drainage purification and recycling, and aquaculture tail water discharge reaching standards. Some existing related technologies, such as patents of publication number CN112062275A, CN111533364A, CN112358053A and the like, provide a system for intercepting, purifying and recycling farmland effluent pollutants; CN114642188A, CN112931370A, CN112825811A provides a pond culture tail water comprehensive treatment system.
The above technology has the following disadvantages: (1) Technical research and development are only carried out aiming at farmland water-withdrawal treatment or pond culture tail water treatment, and the farmland water-withdrawal treatment and the pond culture tail water treatment are not cooperatively coupled; (2) The application of a single technology has high requirements on occupied area and cost, and the function of a purification system is relatively single; (3) The cyclic utilization and multi-stage purification of water resources cannot be fully considered. In addition, in the related art, for example, patent publication No. CN215559732U is taken as an example, although a pond culture tail water and farmland planting recycling system is constructed, the system only aerates the culture tail water, and cannot meet the requirements of efficient purification of farmland drainage and culture tail water. How to construct a wetland system for farmland drainage and cultivation tail water internal circulation purification and promote efficient purification and recycling of farmland drainage and cultivation tail water, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of water resources and improving the quality of regional water environment, and is a technical problem facing currently.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application provides a wetland system that farmland is taken off water and is bred tail water inner loop and purify to in solving current correlation technique, only establish clean system to single farmland is taken off water or breed tail water, perhaps the combined system of both is the simple stack of water purification facility, can't handle water pollution and normal position ecological remediation organic combination, can't both realize the two-way circulation retrieval and utilization and the high-efficient purification of farmland is taken off water and is bred tail water, can utilize again all kinds of ecological remediation measures to form low wetland view scheduling problem of maintaining.
The application provides a wetland system for farmland drainage and internal circulation purification of culture tail water, which comprises a farmland, a culture pond, a drainage ecological channel, a buffer pond and a purification pond, wherein the drainage ecological channel, the buffer pond and the purification pond are sequentially communicated with the farmland; the water-returning ecological channel comprises a first-stage water-returning ecological channel, a second-stage water-returning ecological channel and a third-stage water-returning ecological channel which are sequentially communicated; the farmland is communicated with the first-stage water-returning ecological channel; ecological percolation dams are arranged between the first-stage water-discharging ecological channel and the second-stage water-discharging ecological channel and between the second-stage water-discharging ecological channel and the third-stage water-discharging ecological channel; the third-stage backwater ecological channel is communicated with the buffer pond through an overflow weir; the buffer pond is communicated with the purification pond through an overflow gate dam; the culture pond is respectively communicated with the three-stage water-returning ecological channel and the purification pond; the ecological percolation dam traverses the water flow section of the backwater ecological canal and is in a frustum pyramid shape formed by overlapping a plurality of graded pebbles; the water level of the three-stage water-returning ecological channel on one side of the overflow weir is higher than that of the buffer pond on the other side, and water flow higher than the top of the overflow weir flows into the buffer pond through the overflow weir; planting vegetation on the side slopes of the primary, secondary, tertiary and purifying ponds; planting emergent aquatic plants at the bottom of the second-level water-returning ecological channel; ecological bags which are arranged along the side slope in a step shape are arranged between ground cover plants and the water bottom of the side slope of the three-stage water-returning ecological channel, the buffer pond and the purification pond, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the ecological bags; submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the channel of the three-stage water-returning ecological channel and the bottom of the pond of the purification pond.
Optionally, a plurality of groups of ecological purification percolation zones are arranged in the purification pond, each group of ecological purification percolation zone crosses two banks of the purification pond and divides the purification pond into a plurality of parallel areas, and water flow in each area transversely passes through the ecological purification percolation zone and enters into the other area; the bottom of the ecological purification infiltration zone is connected with the bottom surface of the purification pond, the height of the ecological purification infiltration zone is the same as the average depth of the purification pond, the ecological purification infiltration zone is integrally in a strip shape and comprises a gabion mesh and ecological fillers which are stacked and filled in the gabion mesh.
Optionally, the primary water-discharging ecological canal is distributed along the periphery of the farmland plot, and the cross section of the primary water-discharging ecological canal is in an inverted trapezoid shape or an inverted triangle shape; the cross section of the second-stage water-discharging ecological canal is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of the inverted trapezoid shape is 0.2-0.5m, and the slope ratio is 1:2, the depth of the channel is 0.5 to 1m; the cross section of the three-stage water-discharging ecological canal is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of the inverted trapezoid shape is 1-5m, and the slope ratio is 1:2, the depth of the ditch is 1 to 2m; the maximum depth of the buffer pond is 3.5m, the average water depth is 2.5m, and the slope ratio is 1:3; the maximum depth of the purification pond is 2.5m, and the average water depth is 1.5m.
Optionally, the buffer pond and the purification pond are of an integrated structure to form a comprehensive pond body, and the comprehensive pond body is divided into two areas of the buffer pond and the purification pond through the overflow gate dam according to the sequence of water inflow.
Optionally, the bottom of the overflow gate dam is provided with a communication hole so that water in the purification pond can flow into the buffer pond through the communication hole.
Optionally, the culture pond is respectively communicated with the third-stage water-returning ecological channel and the purification pond through a water pump and a pipeline; the buffer pond is communicated with the farmland through a water pump and a pipeline and is used for farmland water taking and recycling.
Optionally, the ecological filler in the gabion mesh is piled up to form a long-strip wall body shape, and the ecological filler comprises one or more of rock blocks and pebbles.
Optionally, the ground cover plant comprises one or more of goosegrass, ryegrass, tall fescue, dandelion, alfalfa, plantain; the emergent aquatic plant comprises one or more of cane shoot, reed, yellow flag, cattail, droughhaired bevel herb, thalia dealbata and canna; the submerged plant comprises one or more of Malaytea potamogeton herb, potamogeton pectinatus, herba Sonchi Oleracei, curly pondweed, and hydrilla verticillata.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application lies in:
the application provides a wetland system that farmland is returned water and is bred tail water inner loop and purify, to the realistic needs that farmland is returned water and pond culture tail water lacks the special place and carry out sewage high-efficiency processing, with farmland water return purification and pond culture tail water purification collaborative coupling, multiple circulation clean system has been constructed, include "farmland → ecological canal of returning water → buffer pool → farmland", "farmland → ecological canal of returning water → buffer pool → purification pool → breed pool → ecological canal of returning water → buffer pool → farmland", "breed pool → ecological canal of returning water → buffer pool → breed pool → pond → breed pool → tertiary circulation purification and recycling system. Effectively solves the problem that the farmland drainage and the cultivation tail water which face at present directly discharge to cause pollution to the water body of the peripheral river channel, and realizes the high-efficiency treatment of the farmland drainage and the cultivation tail water. The retention rate of the constructed circulating purification system on the total chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus can reach more than 50%, 30% and 20%, so that the requirements of aquaculture water and river discharge are met, the utilization efficiency of water resources is improved, regional water body pollution is avoided, the land area and the construction cost are saved, and the synergistic enhancement of economic benefits and ecological benefits is realized.
Furthermore, in the wetland system of the application, three levels of the returning ecological channels, the returning buffer pond and the purifying pond for field returning are constructed, and the diversified habitats can effectively deal with the change of the plant habitat caused by seasonal changes of the water level. The ecological percolation dam, the overflow weir and the percolation belt are constructed, so that the interception effect on water pollutants is obvious, the water pollutants can automatically run without human intervention, and the maintenance is basically not needed. Therefore, the constructed wetland system not only ensures the bidirectional recycling and high-efficiency purification of farmland water discharge and culture tail water, but also can form a low-maintenance constructed wetland landscape, and realizes the organic combination of water pollution treatment and ecological restoration.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wetland system for internal circulation purification of farmland drainage and aquaculture tail water in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a wetland system for internal circulation purification of farmland drainage and aquaculture tail water according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a weir according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a first-stage raceway of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a secondary raceway of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a three-stage raceway in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a buffer pool according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a purification pond according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of a purification pond according to an embodiment of the present application
FIG. 10 is a schematic elevation view of an ecological clarification percolation belt in an example of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic elevation view of an ecological infiltration dam according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic plan view of an ecological infiltration dam according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure, 1-farmland, 2-backwater ecological canal, 21-first-stage backwater ecological canal, 22-second-stage backwater ecological canal, 23-third-stage backwater ecological canal, 231-ecological bag, 24-ecological percolation dam, 3-buffer pond, 31-overflow weir, 4-purification pond, 41-overflow gate dam, 42-ecological purification percolation belt, 421-gabion net, 422-ecological filler, 5-culture pond, 6-ground cover plant, 7-emergent aquatic plant and 8-submerged plant.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the present application is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The wetland system for farmland drainage and cultivation tail water internal circulation purification, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the application, is shown in attached figures 1 and 2 and comprises a farmland 1, a cultivation pond 5, a drainage ecological channel 2, a buffer pond 3 and a purification pond 4, wherein the drainage ecological channel, the buffer pond and the purification pond are sequentially communicated with the farmland; the water-returning ecological channel 2 comprises a first-stage water-returning ecological channel 21, a second-stage water-returning ecological channel 22 and a third-stage water-returning ecological channel 23 which are sequentially communicated; the farmland 1 is communicated with the first-stage water-discharging ecological channel 21; ecological infiltration dams 24 are arranged between the first-stage water-returning ecological channel 21 and the second-stage water-returning ecological channel 22 and between the second-stage water-returning ecological channel 22 and the third-stage water-returning ecological channel 23; the third-stage water-returning ecological channel 23 is communicated with the buffer pond 3 through an overflow weir 31; the buffer pond 3 is communicated with the purification pond 4 through an overflow gate dam 41; the culture pond 5 is respectively communicated with the third-stage water-returning ecological channel 23 and the purification pond 4; as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the ecological percolation dam 24 traverses the water flow section of the return ecological canal 2 and is formed by stacking a plurality of graded pebbles into a frustum pyramid shape; as shown in fig. 3, the water level of the three-stage backwater ecological channel 23 on one side of the overflow weir 31 is higher than that of the buffer pond 3 on the other side, and the water flow higher than the top of the overflow weir flows into the buffer pond 3 through the overflow weir 31; as shown in fig. 4 to 8, vegetation plants 6 are planted on the side slopes of the primary, secondary and tertiary backwater ecocanals 21, 22, 23, the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4; emergent aquatic plants 7 are planted at the bottom of the second-level water-returning ecological channel 22; ecological bags 231 arranged along the side slope in a stepped manner are arranged between the ground cover plants 6 and the water bottom of the side slopes of the three-level water-returning ecological channel 23, the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4, and emergent aquatic plants 7 are planted on the ecological bags 231; submerged plants 8 are planted at the bottom of the third-stage water-returning ecological channel 23 and the bottom of the purification pond 4.
Specifically, the application aims at the practical problem that no effective field exists for efficient treatment of farmland water discharge and pond culture tail water, the farmland water discharge purification and pond culture tail water purification are cooperatively coupled, and the three-stage circulation purification and recycling system of the farmland → water discharge ecological channel → buffer pond → purification pond → culture pond → water discharge ecological channel → buffer pond → farmland, culture pond → water discharge ecological channel → buffer pond → culture pond → purification pond is strengthened, so that the water resource utilization efficiency is improved, the occupied area and the construction cost are saved while the economic benefit is guaranteed, and the regional water body pollution is avoided.
In addition, this application has constructed the ecological canal of the three grades of returning water of farmland returning, has returned water buffering pond and purification pond, and these diversified habitats can effectively deal with the water level seasonal change and arouse the change of plant habitat. The construction of the ecological infiltration dam, the overflow weir and the infiltration zone has obvious interception effect on water body pollutants, manual intervention is not needed, maintenance is basically not needed, the circulating purification system can realize that the interception rate of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus reaches more than 50%, 30% and 20%, and the requirements of aquaculture water and river-entering discharge are met.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the primary sewage ecological canal 21 is distributed along the circumference of the farmland plot and has an inverted trapezoid or inverted triangle cross section; as shown in fig. 5, the cross section of the secondary ecological channel 22 is an inverted trapezoid, the lower bottom of the inverted trapezoid is 0.2-0.5m, and the slope ratio is 1:2, the depth of the ditch is 0.5 to 1m; as shown in fig. 6, the cross section of the three-stage dewatering ecological canal 23 is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of the inverted trapezoid shape is 1-5m, and the slope ratio is 1:2, the depth of the ditch is 1 to 2m;
specifically, the first-stage ecological canal for water drainage directly accommodates farmland water drainage, the cross section of the first-stage ecological canal for water drainage is an inverted triangle or an inverted trapezoid according to the current situation of the farmland, the specific size of the first-stage ecological canal is determined according to the actual field environment, and local ground cover plants are generally planted on the side slope of the first-stage ecological canal for water drainage.
The secondary water-returning ecological channel is used for collecting incoming water of the primary water-returning ecological channel, the secondary water-returning ecological channel is generally arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the lower opening of the secondary water-returning ecological channel is 0.2-0.5m wide, the slope ratio of 1:2 is high, 0.5-1m is high, indigenous emergent aquatic plants are planted at the bottom of the channel, indigenous ground cover plants are planted on the side slope, and an ecological percolation dam is arranged at an inlet of the primary water-returning ecological channel, which enters the secondary water-returning ecological channel.
The three-level water-returning ecological channel is used for collecting water coming from the two-level water-returning ecological channel, the three-level water-returning ecological channel is arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the lower opening is about 1-5m wide, the slope ratio is 1:2, the height is 1-2m, the side slope is built by adopting ecological bags, native submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the channel, emergent aquatic plants are planted on the side slope, and an ecological infiltration dam is generally arranged at the position, entering the three-level water-returning ecological channel, of the two-level water-returning ecological channel.
As shown in fig. 7, in this embodiment, the deepest part of the buffer pond 3 is set to be 3.5m, the average water depth is about 2.5m, and the slope ratio is 1:3, protecting and building the slope of the buffer pond 3 by using an ecological bag 231. The buffer pond 3 mainly collects farmland water return and initial rainwater, is used for farmland secondary irrigation retrieval and utilization water intaking simultaneously, only plants a certain amount of emergent aquatic plants 7 in the side slope region. An overflow weir is generally arranged at the inlet of the third-stage backwater ecological channel into the buffer pond.
The purification pond is used for fishery culture after further regulation and purification of farmland water return and initial rainwater in the buffer pond. As shown in fig. 8, in this embodiment, the depth of water in the purification pond 4 is 2.5m at the deepest part, the average effective depth of water is 1.5m, the side slope is protected and built by ecological bags, submerged plants 8 are planted in the purification pond, and emergent plants 7 are planted in the side slope area. According to the requirement of water for cultivation, a plurality of groups of green environment-friendly ecological purification percolation belts are arranged in the purification pond.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 9, each group of ecological purification percolation belt 42 crosses both banks of the purification pond 4 and divides the purification pond 4 into a plurality of parallel zones, the water flow in each zone crosses the ecological purification percolation belt 42 transversely into the other zone; as shown in fig. 10, the bottom of the ecological purification infiltration belt 42 is connected with the bottom surface of the purification pond 4, has the same height as the average depth of the purification pond 4, is overall in a strip shape, and comprises a gabion mesh 421 and ecological fillers 422 which are stacked and filled in the gabion mesh.
Specifically, the water flow of each area in the purification pond can flow in a single direction in sequence, and the water coming from the buffer pond of the purification pond passes through the ecological purification percolation belt to enter the next area to form parallel areas in which unidirectional pollutants are gradually purified and reduced; the water coming from the buffer pond can enter from the middle area, and the water diffuses and passes through other areas in the front-back circumferential direction; the water flow arrangement mode of the specific purification pond can be set in other modes according to the actual site conditions and positions, and the water flow arrangement mode is not listed. In addition, the ecological purification infiltration belt 42 is constructed by gabion mesh (in this embodiment, the gabion mesh has a lower bottom length of 4m, an upper bottom length of 2m, a height of 1.5m and a width of 0.5 m), and is filled with ecological fillers of resource application type. Preferably, the ecological fillers 422 in the gabion mesh 421 are stacked to form a long wall body shape, and the ecological fillers 422 comprise one or more of stones and pebbles.
Preferably, the bottom of the overflow gate dam 41 is provided with a communication hole so that the water in the purification pond can flow into the buffer pond 3 through the communication hole.
Specifically, the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4 are communicated with each other through an overflow gate dam 41, and the buffer pond 3 flows into the purification pond 4 through the overflow gate dam 41 after reaching a set water level; the bottom of the overflow gate dam 41 is provided with a communicating hole, and the purification pond 4 can supplement water to the buffer pond 3 when the farmland irrigation needs.
Preferably, the culture pond 5 is respectively communicated with the third-stage water-returning ecological channel 23 and the purification pond 4 through a water pump and a pipeline; the buffer pond 3 is communicated with the farmland 1 through a water pump and a pipeline and is used for farmland water taking and recycling.
Specifically, the culture pond takes water from the water pump through the purification pond for fishery culture, the culture tail water is discharged to the third-level water-withdrawal ecological channel, and the culture tail water enters the buffer pond after being purified by the third-level ecological channel for farmland irrigation recycling or further purification by the purification pond. Water intake and reuse of farmlands and culture ponds can utilize facilities and equipment such as water pumps, water pipes and the like, and the existing diversion modes such as ditches and river channels can be selected according to field conditions and position distribution.
Preferably, the ground cover plant 6 comprises one or more of goosegrass herb, ryegrass, tall fescue, dandelion, alfalfa and plantain herb; the emergent aquatic plant 7 comprises one or more of wild rice stem, reed, yellow flag, cattail, droughhaired bevel herb, thalia dealbata and canna; the submerged plant 8 comprises one or more of Malaytea potamogeton herb, potamogeton pectinatus, herba Sonchi Oleracei, potamogeton crispus, and hydrilla verticillata.
Specifically, the selection and planting of the plants are carried out according to the principle of the native soil property, and the plants are selected from the plants suitable for the native climatic conditions and the soil conditions, so that the greening landscape with various vegetation levels and rich habitats is formed, and the functions of water purification and landscape greening are realized.
The application also provides a construction method of the wetland system for farmland water return and cultivation tail water internal circulation purification, the first-stage water return ecological channel 21 is distributed along the periphery of a farmland 1 plot and directly accommodates farmland water return, and then water flows sequentially pass through the second-stage water return ecological channel 22 and the third-stage water return ecological channel 23 and enter the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4; after the culture tail water of the culture pond 5 is discharged into the third-stage water-withdrawal ecological channel 23, the culture tail water is sequentially treated by the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4; the farmland water is taken from the buffer pond 3, and the culture water in the culture pond 5 is taken from the purification pond 4.
Specifically, the construction method comprises the steps of constructing a return ecological canal system, constructing a buffer pond system and constructing a purification pond system. Aiming at the characteristics of relative dispersity, randomness, instantaneity and large volume of farmland drainage, ecological reconstruction is carried out on a farmland drainage ditch, and a total of three grades of drainage ecological ditches are constructed. Furthermore, an ecological intercepting ditch can be formed, the hydraulic retention time is prolonged by adding high-efficiency nitrogen and phosphorus absorption plants, high-efficiency nitrogen and phosphorus absorption matrixes, percolation dams or overflow weirs and the like, and the intercepting and purifying effects of the ecological intercepting ditch on nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland returned water are improved. To characteristics such as farmland returning water and initial stage rainwater inflow water yield are big, and suspended solid content is high, this application constructs the buffering pool system of returning water according to local conditions at tertiary ecological ditch end of returning water. Aiming at the characteristics of farmland water discharge and culture tail water pollution, an efficient purification pond system is constructed to carry out ecological purification on the incoming water, so that the system meets the culture water standard and the river-entering discharge requirement.
Preferably, the ecological ditch 2 is obtained by in-situ reconstruction construction of an original farmland drainage ditch; the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4 are obtained by in-situ modification construction of irrigation and drainage channels and a retreating pond around the original farmland; the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4 are respectively constructed in the form of two separated pond bodies, or are combined and constructed in the form of two areas formed by separating the interiors of one comprehensive pond body. Preferably, the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4 are of an integrated structure to form a comprehensive pond body, and the comprehensive pond body is divided into two areas of the buffer pond 3 and the purification pond 4 by the overflow gate dam 41 according to the sequence of water inflow.
Particularly, for the buffer pond, the construction of the buffer pond is carried out by combining regional perennial precipitation indexes for accommodating farmland drainage and initial rainwater, and the area of the buffer pond is generally 3-5m per mu of farmland 3 It is preferable. The construction of the buffer pond is reasonably constructed according to the irrigation scale, the terrain condition and the traffic and cultivation requirements, and the original irrigation and drainage channels, ponds and cellars are suitable for modification.
For the purification pond, the purification pond is positioned at the tail end of the buffer pond, so that farmland water return and initial rainwater are further regulated, stored and purified, and the' direct discharge of water return is realized. The purifying pond is improved by utilizing a peripheral retreating pond, aquatic plants suitable for the local environment are planted in the pond, and an ecological floating island is arranged in cooperation. The construction of the purification pond is considered from the aspects of ecology, economy, material sources and the like, factors such as land utilization, cost and the like limit, and the buffer pond and the purification pond can be constructed in a combined manner.
Therefore, the application provides a wetland system for farmland water withdrawal and internal circulation purification of aquaculture tail water, wherein an enhanced surface flow type constructed wetland is built between a farmland and an aquaculture pond according to local conditions to serve as a buffer pond and a purification pond, and the farmland tail water is sequentially introduced into the buffer pond and the purification pond through an ecological channel for purification, so that all indexes of the farmland tail water reach the standard of fishery aquaculture. And introducing the farmland tail water which reaches the standard after being purified by the purification pond into the culture pond for fishery culture. The fishery breeding tail water is introduced into the ecological channel for purification treatment and finally used for farmland irrigation or breeding circulation recycling, so that an inner circulation system of a farmland-fishpond is formed, bidirectional circulation recycling and efficient purification of farmland water return and breeding tail water are realized, occupied area and investment cost are saved, water resource utilization efficiency is improved, and the problem that pollution is caused to peripheral river channel water bodies by direct drainage of farmland water return and breeding tail water facing at present is effectively solved.
The present application has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to limit the application. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the presently disclosed embodiments and implementations thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these fall within the scope of the present disclosure. The protection scope of this application is subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A wetland system for farmland drainage and internal circulation purification of culture tail water is characterized by comprising a farmland, a culture pond, a drainage ecological channel, a buffer pond and a purification pond, wherein the drainage ecological channel, the buffer pond and the purification pond are sequentially communicated with the farmland;
the water-returning ecological channel comprises a first-stage water-returning ecological channel, a second-stage water-returning ecological channel and a third-stage water-returning ecological channel which are sequentially communicated; the farmland is communicated with the first-stage water-returning ecological channel; ecological infiltration dams are arranged between the first-stage water-returning ecological channel and the second-stage water-returning ecological channel and between the second-stage water-returning ecological channel and the third-stage water-returning ecological channel; the third-stage water-returning ecological channel is communicated with the buffer pond through an overflow weir; the buffer pond is communicated with the purification pond through an overflow gate dam; the culture pond is respectively communicated with the third-stage water-returning ecological channel and the purification pond;
the ecological percolation dam traverses the water flow section of the backwater ecological canal and is in a frustum pyramid shape formed by overlapping a plurality of graded pebbles;
the water level of the three-stage water-returning ecological channel on one side of the overflow weir is higher than that of the buffer pond on the other side, and water flow higher than the top of the overflow weir flows into the buffer pond through the overflow weir;
planting vegetation on the side slopes of the primary, secondary, tertiary and purifying ponds; planting emergent aquatic plants at the bottom of the second-level water-returning ecological channel; ecological bags which are arranged along the side slope in a step shape are arranged between ground cover plants and the water bottom of the side slope of the three-stage water-returning ecological channel, the buffer pond and the purification pond, and emergent aquatic plants are planted on the ecological bags; submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the channel of the three-stage water-returning ecological channel and the bottom of the pond of the purification pond.
2. The wetland system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of groups of ecological purification percolation zones are arranged in the purification pond, each group of ecological purification percolation zone spans two banks of the purification pond and divides the purification pond into a plurality of parallel areas, and water flow in each area transversely passes through the ecological purification percolation zone and enters into the other area;
the bottom of the ecological purification infiltration zone is connected with the bottom surface of the purification pond, the height of the ecological purification infiltration zone is the same as the average depth of the purification pond, the ecological purification infiltration zone is integrally in a strip shape and comprises a gabion mesh and ecological fillers which are stacked and filled in the gabion mesh.
3. The wetland system of claim 1, wherein the primary drainage ecological canal is distributed along the periphery of a farmland plot and has an inverted trapezoid or inverted triangle cross section;
the cross section of the second-stage water-returning ecological canal is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of the inverted trapezoid shape is 0.2-0.5m, and the slope ratio is 1:2, the depth of the ditch is 0.5 to 1m;
the cross section of the three-stage water-discharging ecological canal is in an inverted trapezoid shape, the lower bottom of the inverted trapezoid shape is 1-5m, and the slope ratio is 1:2, the depth of the ditch is 1 to 2m;
the maximum depth of the buffer pond is 3.5m, the average water depth is 2.5m, and the slope ratio is 1:3;
the maximum depth of the purification pond is 2.5m, and the average water depth is 1.5m.
4. The wetland system of claim 1, wherein the buffer pond and the purification pond are of an integrated structure to form a comprehensive pond body, and the comprehensive pond body is divided into two areas of the buffer pond and the purification pond through the overflow gate dam according to the sequence of water inflow.
5. The wetland system of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the overflow gate dam is provided with a communication hole such that water in the purification pond can flow into the buffer pond through the communication hole.
6. The wetland system of claim 1, wherein the culture pond is communicated with the third-stage backwater ecological channel and the purification pond through a water pump and a pipeline respectively;
the buffer pond is communicated with the farmland through a water pump and a pipeline and is used for farmland water taking and recycling.
7. The wetland system of claim 2, wherein the ecological filler in the gabion mesh is piled up to form a long wall body shape, and the ecological filler comprises one or more of rock blocks and pebbles.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115231714A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-10-25 | 江苏省环境工程技术有限公司 | A wetland system for internal circulation purification of farmland backwater and aquaculture tailwater and its construction method |
| CN117164118A (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-12-05 | 中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Farmland water-return purifying system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115231714A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-10-25 | 江苏省环境工程技术有限公司 | A wetland system for internal circulation purification of farmland backwater and aquaculture tailwater and its construction method |
| CN115231714B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2025-01-14 | 江苏省环境工程技术有限公司 | A wetland system for internal circulation purification of farmland drainage and aquaculture tail water and its construction method |
| CN117164118A (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-12-05 | 中交上海航道勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Farmland water-return purifying system |
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