CN216956296U - Lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing arrangement - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- CN216956296U CN216956296U CN202123244283.9U CN202123244283U CN216956296U CN 216956296 U CN216956296 U CN 216956296U CN 202123244283 U CN202123244283 U CN 202123244283U CN 216956296 U CN216956296 U CN 216956296U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device which comprises an experimental kettle, a fixing device, a heating device, a needling device, a camera device and a control device. The experimental kettle is designed as a pressure container, and a pressure safety valve is installed to prevent the physical explosion caused by internal overpressure in the experimental process; the upper part and the lower part of the experimental kettle are respectively provided with a valve for air inlet and air outlet; the fixing device is placed in the experimental kettle and used for fixing the heating plate and the lithium ion battery; the heating device is two high-power heating plates; the acupuncture device is fixed in the groove of the fixing device. The experiment can be used for carrying out thermal runaway law experiments of lithium ion batteries with different charge states under three abuse conditions of thermal abuse, acupuncture abuse and overcharge abuse, and can also be used for testing the sensitivity and the effectiveness of the sensor by integrally placing the gas sensor in the kettle through collecting and analyzing a gas research early warning mechanism generated by thermal runaway, thereby having great research significance on the thermal runaway early warning and prevention and control technology of the lithium ion batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of lithium ion thermal runaway experimental equipment, and particularly provides a thermal runaway characteristic testing device for lithium ions under three conditions of thermal abuse, mechanical abuse and overcharge abuse.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the consumer electronics, transportation, and aerospace fields because of their high energy density, high open circuit voltage, light weight, and low environmental pollution. However, due to internal defects caused by the working principle or production of the lithium ion battery, when thermal abuse, mechanical abuse and overcharge abuse occur, a thermal runaway phenomenon occurs, an internal diaphragm melts, an electrochemical reaction rapidly occurs and is converted to generate heat, various gases and particles are released, and fire or explosion is caused.
Most of the conventional lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing devices can only simply complete one or two of three typical abuses, for example, a non-contact type simulated overheat lithium battery thermal runaway test platform (CN202010100543.6) fixes a lithium ion battery by using a bracket and a clamp, surrounds a temperature-controllable nano heating ring around the battery, and causes the thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery by non-contact. This platform can only accomplish thermal abuse, but cannot collect gases for subsequent analysis. In addition, a device capable of realizing both thermal abuse or overcharge and gas collection often cannot realize mechanical abuse, for example, a test device and a method for detecting the thermal runaway gas production rate of a lithium battery (CN202010278821.7) uses a closed test box, is matched with a selection valve, a vacuum pump and a control system, is connected with an electric heating plate or a lithium ion battery through a lead, triggers the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, and obtains the thermal runaway gas production rate of the lithium battery according to the volume of the test box, the volume of the lithium battery, the initial pressure and the final pressure in the test box.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the functional defects of the existing testing device and provide a lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device which can complete three abuse experiments of thermal abuse, mechanical abuse and overcharge abuse and can collect gas for on-line and off-line analysis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
the utility model provides a lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic test device, includes the experiment cauldron, and experiment cauldron internally mounted has fixing device, heating device and acupuncture device, and externally mounted has camera device and controlling means. A sewage draining hole and an air outlet hole are respectively arranged at the lower part and the upper part of the experimental kettle, the sewage draining hole is used for cleaning residues after the experiment is finished every time, and the air outlet hole is used for leading out gas generated by thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery; two air inlets are reserved at the lower part of the experimental kettle cylinder and are used for providing stable air flow; two glass observation windows which are resistant to high pressure of 1.2MPa are arranged on two symmetrical sides of the experimental kettle by using flange pieces, and a high-definition camera device is fixed on the observation windows; the upper part of the experimental kettle barrel is provided with a safety valve with the take-off pressure of 1.0MPa and a digital display type pressure transmitter through two internal thread holes. The kettle body upper head can be opened and closed quickly and safely through the handle and the fixed hinge, and two illumination LED lamps are mounted on the two symmetrical sides of the upper head through the flange pieces.
The fixing device comprises a base with a hole, a terminal line row and a gas sensor; the upper part of the fixing device is provided with a hole digging handle, two heating devices are placed on two sides of the fixing device through stainless steel grooves, the heating devices are heating plates, two lithium ion batteries can be placed outside the stainless steel grooves on the two sides in a clinging manner, and surface-mounted K-type thermocouples are respectively placed on the surfaces of the heating devices and the lithium ion batteries; two acupuncture devices are placed on the perforated base at the lower part of the fixing device through the grooves.
The control device comprises an adaptive power box, a low-current conducting wire and a high-current conducting wire which are connected with the inside and the outside of the experimental kettle.
When the control device is used for implementing a heat abuse experiment, the heating device, the patch K-type thermocouple, the voltage test clamp and the gas sensor in the kettle are all connected with a small-current conducting wire outside the kettle through a terminal wire row and are connected to computer end software according to respective communication protocols.
When the control device implements a mechanical abuse experiment, the acupuncture device, the patch K-type thermocouple and the gas sensor inside the kettle are connected with a small current conducting wire outside the kettle through a terminal wire row and are connected to computer end software according to respective communication protocols, and the acupuncture device is remotely controlled through a wireless remote controller.
When the control device is used for carrying out an overcharge abuse experiment, the lithium ion battery is directly connected with an external special charger through a large-current conducting wire, and the patch K-type thermocouple and the gas sensor are connected with a small-current conducting wire outside the kettle through a terminal wire row and are connected to computer-side software according to respective communication protocols.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
according to the lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device, the adopted heating device can actually simulate the environmental temperature change and can be continuously adjusted within a certain range, so that the experimental accuracy is improved; the camera device is installed outside the observation windows on the two sides of the experimental kettle, so that the experimental conditions in the kettle can be observed in real time, and the whole experimental process can be captured. The experiment can be used for carrying out thermal runaway law experiments of lithium ion batteries with different charge states under three abuse conditions of thermal abuse, acupuncture abuse and overcharge abuse, and can also be used for testing the sensitivity and the effectiveness of the sensor by integrally placing the gas sensor in the kettle through collecting and analyzing a gas research early warning mechanism generated by thermal runaway, thereby having great research significance on the thermal runaway early warning and prevention and control technology of the lithium ion batteries. In addition, the experimental kettle is designed into a pressure container, and a pressure safety valve is installed, so that the physical explosion caused by internal overpressure in the experimental process is prevented; the upper part and the lower part of the experimental kettle are respectively provided with a valve, so that stable airflow is conveniently generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of an experimental tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
the device comprises a test kettle, a fixing device, a heating device, a 40-needling device, a 50-camera device, a control device, a 70-lithium ion battery, a blow-down valve, a 12-air inlet hole, an observation window, a 14-pressure safety valve, a 15-digital display pressure transmitter, a 16-seal head handle, a 17-seal head fixing hinge, an 18-lighting window, a 19-air outlet hole, a 20-fixing device, a 21-fixing device perforated base, a 22-terminal wire row, a 23-gas sensor, a 61-small current conducting wire, a 62-large current conducting wire and a 63-patch K type thermocouple, wherein the test kettle is arranged in a vertical direction, the fixing device is arranged in a vertical direction, the heating device is arranged in a vertical direction, and the control device is arranged in a vertical direction.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention without inventive efforts.
As shown in FIG. 1, the thermal runaway characteristic testing device for the lithium ion battery comprises an experimental kettle 10, wherein the experimental kettle 10 comprises an upper end enclosure, a lower end enclosure and a middle cylinder structure, and is formed by welding SUS304 stainless steel with the thickness of 6mm, the diameter of an inner cavity is 500mm, the volume is 0.17m3, and the designed maximum service pressure is 1.1 MPa. The upper end enclosure is quickly opened and closed through an end enclosure handle 16 and an end enclosure fixing hinge 17, and a heat-resistant silicon rubber sealing ring is arranged in the middle of the upper end enclosure to ensure the sealing performance of the upper end enclosure and the end enclosure. In order to facilitate observation and recording of the experimental process, the upper end enclosure is provided with two LED illuminating windows 18, two sides of the barrel are provided with two 1.2MPa high-pressure resistant glass observation windows by using flange pieces, and the high-definition camera device 50 is fixed on the observation windows.
An air outlet 19 is reserved on the upper end socket of the experimental kettle 10, and an air outlet valve is mounted through internal threads and used for leading out gas generated by thermal runaway to perform off-line or on-line analysis; a sewage discharge hole 11 is reserved on the lower end socket, and a drain valve is installed through internal threads and used for cleaning and discharging water inside each experiment; two air inlets 12 are reserved on the lower end socket and connected with compressed air controlled by a flow meter to provide stable air flow. A digital display type pressure transmitter 15 is arranged at the upper part of the cylinder body of the experimental kettle 10 and is transmitted to a computer end through an MODBUS communication protocol; a safety valve with the take-off pressure of 1.0MPa is arranged at the upper part of a barrel body of the experimental kettle 10, and when the pressure in the experimental kettle exceeds 1.0MPa, a valve clack of the safety valve is opened to release redundant gas so as to ensure the experimental safety.
The control device 60 is installed outside the experimental kettle 10, and comprises an adaptive power box which supplies power to the lighting window 18, the camera device 50, the digital display type pressure transmitter 15 and the internal terminal wire row 22, and the internal terminal wire row 22 supplies power to the acupuncture device 40, the patch K-type thermocouple 63 and the gas sensor 23. The inside of the adaptive power box is provided with a PID temperature controller which can continuously set the temperature of the heating device 30 within the range of 0-999 ℃. As shown in figure 2, the acupuncture device 40 is arranged on the base 21 with the hole of the fixing device, the end part of the acupuncture device is provided with a high temperature resistant steel needle with the diameter of 6mm and the conical angle of the needle point of 45 degrees, and the acupuncture device can be remotely controlled to stretch and retract through a wireless controller. The temperature measuring range of the patch K-type thermocouple 63 is 0-700 ℃, one is positioned between the heating device 30 and the fixing device 20, and the other is positioned on the upper part and the lower part of the surface of the lithium ion battery 70. The gas sensor 23 is a combination of four sensors of electrolyte vapor, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), CO and temperature, and transmits signals to a computer end through CAN signals. The upper part of the cylinder body is provided with a small current conducting wire 61 through a flange sheet, and the sealing performance is guaranteed while the small current conducting wire is connected with the internal and external current, the temperature, the voltage and the sensor signal transmission of the experimental kettle. The upper part of the cylinder is provided with a large-current conducting wire 62 through a flange sheet, and an external special charger and an internal lithium ion battery are connected when an overcharge abuse experiment is carried out.
When a lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device is used for carrying out a thermal abuse experiment, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) checking connection states of all parts and lines of the whole device to ensure that the device can work normally, opening software of each computer end, and setting a data storage path;
(2) after charging the lithium ion battery to a 100% SOC state at normal temperature, fixing the lithium ion battery on a fixing device by using a pressing strip, closing an upper end enclosure and screwing a bolt;
(3) compressed air with the pressure of 0.2MPa is filled, the pressure drop is less than or equal to 0.5 percent after the pressure is maintained for 30 minutes, the sealing property of the experimental kettle is proved to be good, and then the compressed air is released;
(4) adjusting a PID temperature controller to enable the heat source output to reach the temperature gradient required by the experiment, simultaneously starting all recording software, opening an upper end enclosure air outlet, connecting an air bag or an online gas testing device, and recording the air pressure value in the kettle, the surface temperature values of the lithium ion battery and the heating plate, the voltage value of the lithium ion battery and the numerical value of a sensor in real time;
(5) once the lithium ion battery is out of control due to heat, the power supply of the heating device is immediately cut off, the recording software is closed after the completion of the out of control due to heat is waited, the upper end socket is opened, the interior of the experimental kettle is cleaned, and experimental data are arranged.
When a lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device is used for carrying out a mechanical abuse experiment, the operation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) checking connection states of all parts and lines of the whole device to ensure that the device can work normally, opening software of each computer end, and setting a data storage path;
(2) after charging the lithium ion battery to a 100% SOC state at normal temperature, fixing the lithium ion battery on a fixing device by using a pressing strip, closing an upper end enclosure and screwing a bolt;
(3) compressed air with the pressure of 0.2MPa is filled, the pressure drop is less than or equal to 0.5 percent after the pressure is maintained for 30 minutes, the sealing property of the experimental kettle is proved to be good, and then the compressed air is released;
(4) adjusting the angle of a needling device, penetrating in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the lithium ion battery at a speed of 25mm/s, stopping a steel needle in a storage battery, simultaneously starting all recording software, opening an air outlet of an upper end enclosure, connecting an air bag or an online gas testing device, and recording a pressure value in a kettle, a surface temperature value of the lithium ion battery and a surface temperature value of a heating plate, a voltage value of the lithium ion battery and a numerical value of a sensor in real time;
(5) in case lithium ion battery takes place thermal runaway, immediately cut off heating device power, wait for to close the record software after thermal runaway ends, open the upper cover, inside the washing experiment cauldron, the arrangement experimental data.
When the lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device is used for carrying out overcharge abuse experiments, the operation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) checking connection states of all parts and lines of the whole device to ensure that the device can work normally, opening software of each computer end, and setting a data storage path;
(2) fixing the lithium ion battery on a fixing device, closing an upper end enclosure and screwing a bolt;
(3) compressed air with the pressure of 0.2MPa is filled, the pressure drop is less than or equal to 0.5 percent after the pressure is maintained for 30 minutes, the sealing property of the experimental kettle is proved to be good, and then the compressed air is released;
(4) connecting a special charger with an alligator clip through a large-current electric lead, clamping the special charger at a lug of a lithium ion battery, setting a charging program, simultaneously starting all recording software, opening an upper end socket air outlet, connecting an air bag or an online gas testing device, and recording a pressure value in a kettle, surface temperature values of the lithium ion battery and a heating plate, a voltage value of the lithium ion battery and a numerical value of a sensor in real time;
(5) once the lithium ion battery is out of control due to heat, the charging power supply is immediately cut off, the recording software is closed after the completion of the out of control due to heat, the upper end socket is opened, the interior of the experimental kettle is cleaned, and experimental data are arranged.
The utility model is not the best known technology. The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing arrangement which characterized in that: comprises an experimental kettle (10), wherein a fixing device (20), a heating device (30) and a needling device (40) are arranged inside the experimental kettle (10), a high-definition camera device (50) and a control device (60) are arranged outside the experimental kettle (10), a sewage discharge hole (11) and an air outlet hole (19) are respectively arranged on the lower part and the upper part of the experimental kettle (10), two air inlet holes (12) are reserved on the lower part of a cylinder body of the experimental kettle (10), two high-pressure resistant glass observation windows (13) are arranged on the two symmetrical sides of the cylinder body of the experimental kettle (10) by using flange sheets, the high-definition camera device (50) is fixed on the observation windows (13), a pressure safety valve (14) and a digital display pressure transmitter (15) are arranged on the upper part of the cylinder body of the experimental kettle (10) through two internal thread holes, and an upper end socket realizes quick and safe opening through an end socket handle (16) and an end socket fixing hinge (17), and closing the upper end socket, and installing two lighting LED lamps on the two symmetrical sides of the upper end socket by using flange sheets.
2. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device according to claim 1, wherein:
the fixing device (20) comprises a base (21) with a hole, a terminal wire row (22) and a gas sensor (23); a hole digging handle is reserved at the upper part of the fixing device (20), two heating devices (30) are placed on two sides of the fixing device through stainless steel grooves, the heating devices are heating plates, two lithium ion batteries (70) are placed outside the stainless steel grooves on the two sides in a clinging mode, and patch K-type thermocouples (63) are respectively placed on the surfaces of the heating devices (30) and the lithium ion batteries (70); two acupuncture devices (40) are placed on a perforated base (21) at the lower part of the fixing device (20) through grooves.
3. The lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing device according to claim 2, wherein:
the control device (60) comprises an adaptive power box, and a small current conducting wire (61) and a large current conducting wire (62) which are connected with the inside and the outside of the experimental kettle (10).
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| CN202123244283.9U CN216956296U (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2021-12-22 | Lithium ion battery thermal runaway characteristic testing arrangement |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118050651A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-05-17 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Test apparatus and battery test method |
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- 2021-12-22 CN CN202123244283.9U patent/CN216956296U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118050651A (en) * | 2024-04-15 | 2024-05-17 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Test apparatus and battery test method |
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