CN216812482U - Bolt and nut combined anti-loose mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

Bolt and nut combination locking mechanism has bolt and nut mechanism, its characterized in that in the mechanism: the bolt and nut combined anti-loose mechanism is combined by an A-type combined clamping sheet 2 and a B-type combined clamping sheet 6, wherein, the A-type combined card 2 is manufactured according to the distribution positions of a plurality of bolts 1 in the mechanical mechanism, a plurality of polygonal through holes which are respectively and correspondingly manufactured at the corresponding positions and have the shapes corresponding to the polygonal shapes of the heads of the bolts 1 are respectively and tightly installed on the outer polygonal parts of the heads of the bolts 1 under the action of external force, the B-type combined card 6 is an integral card with a certain thickness and is respectively and correspondingly manufactured according to the distribution positions of a plurality of nuts 7 in the mechanical mechanism, and a plurality of openings extending outwards along the direction of the central line of each through hole are formed on the periphery of each through hole, and under the action of external force, the whole clamping pieces with certain thickness are respectively embedded into the outer polygonal parts of the polygonal nuts 7 through elastic deformation or plastic deformation or elastic and plastic combined deformation.

Description

Bolt and nut combined anti-loose mechanism

One, the technical field

The utility model relates to a bolt and nut combined anti-loose mechanism, belonging to the field of machinery.

Second, background Art

It is known that in the mechanical field, bolt-nut mechanisms are very widely used. Particularly, with the update of various current mechanical products, the use requirements of bolt and nut mechanisms serving as fasteners in the mechanical products are higher and higher. However, the problem of loosening prevention of the bolt-nut mechanism is not completely solved. For example, in some mechanical mechanisms which are subjected to large external force during work and have relatively large impact vibration, such as heavy-duty car engines, crushers, etc., the bolt-nut mechanism on the mechanism is easy to loosen during impact vibration during work. This results in additional maintenance and some additional economic losses. Although the existing mechanical field has many anti-loosening measures for bolt-nut mechanisms, the basic idea is designed for solving the anti-loosening problem of a single bolt-nut.

Third, the utility model

The utility model aims to provide a principle technical scheme of a bolt-nut combination anti-loose mechanism which can effectively prevent a bolt-nut mechanism from loosening in work by using an integrated A-type combination clamping piece 2 and an integrated B-type combination clamping piece 6 in combination with a plurality of bolts and nuts in a mechanical mechanism considered comprehensively.

The present invention is thus achieved. A bolt-nut combined anti-loosening mechanism is used in combination in a mechanical component with a plurality of bolts and nuts, and the mechanism is provided with a bolt-nut mechanism, and is characterized in that: the bolt and nut combined anti-loosening mechanism is combined by an A-type combined clamping piece 2 and a B-type combined clamping piece 6, wherein, the A-type combined clamping piece 2 is manufactured according to the distribution positions of a plurality of bolts 1 in the mechanical mechanism, a plurality of polygonal through holes which are correspondingly manufactured at each corresponding position and have the shapes corresponding to the polygonal shapes of the heads of the bolts 1 are respectively tightly installed on the integral clamping piece with a certain thickness at the outer polygonal part of the head of each bolt 1 under the action of external force, the B-type combined clamping piece 6 is manufactured according to the distribution positions of a plurality of nuts 7 in the mechanical mechanism and has a plurality of through holes at the corresponding positions, and a plurality of openings extending outwards along the direction of the central line of each through hole are formed on the periphery of each through hole, and under the action of external force, the whole clamping pieces with certain thickness are respectively embedded into the outer polygonal parts of the polygonal nuts 7 through elastic deformation or plastic deformation or elastic and plastic combined deformation.

In general, in the bolt-and-nut mechanism, the a-type combination card 2 is used at a polygonal (generally hexagonal) portion of the bolt 1, and the B-type combination card 6 is used at a nut 7 portion. The purpose of this is to keep the bolt 1 and the nut 7 from rotating relative to each other during operation, subject to the interference of the integral clamping pieces.

In some cases where torque requirements for nut pull-up are not high, the type a combo card 2 is substituted for the type B combo card 6. Before mounting, the rotation position of each nut 7 is adjusted to be approximately overlapped with the position of each side of each polygonal through hole of the A-type combined card 2, and then the A-type combined card 2 is pressed into the polygonal body outside each nut 7 by external force. This situation generally requires that a special glue be applied to the nut before the a-type combination card 2 is installed to make it more secure and is generally used when the torque requirements for tightening the nut 7 are not high.

The combination card 2 of type a may be replaced with the combination card 6 of type B. In some more complicated mechanical parts, the type a combination card 2 may be inconvenient to use, for example, some parts have screw holes directly made on the body of the part, and only the bolt or screw connection is used, in which case, the type B combination card 6 is convenient to use.

One or more through holes or screw holes are formed near the periphery of the through hole of the type B combination card 6. The purpose is to facilitate the fixing and the dismounting of the B-type combination card 6 and the frame 4.

The round hole in the B-type combined clamping piece 6 and the part with the gap around the round hole are replaced by round holes with the size which is not much different from the size of the inscribed circle of the polygonal appearance of the nut 7. This is generally the case when the plasticity of the material used for the type B composite card 6 is relatively good, and the size of the circular hole should also be determined experimentally. Its advantage is that it is pressed tightly with nut 7.

The A-type combined card 2 is replaced by a combined gasket 8 which is respectively provided with a plurality of holes for passing through the bolt rod and coaxial polygonal stepped holes for embedding or partially embedding the polygonal part of the bolt head at the same time according to the distribution position and the size of a plurality of bolts and nuts in a mechanical component.

The upper and lower planes of the combined gasket 8 adopt an integral plane structure with a plurality of stepped holes thereon or a structure that the upper plane is a plane structure with stepped holes and each bolt hole of the lower plane is provided with a raised platform.

The combined gasket 8 generally adopts two structures, the first structure is a plane structure, at the moment, each stepped hole is parallel and level with an upper plane and a lower plane, the second structure is that a raised structure is arranged at a bolt hole of the lower plane, under general conditions, the first structure can be conveniently manufactured by adopting a hot stamping process or a machining process, and the second structure can be manufactured by adopting a stamping process or a forging and pressing process, so that the combined gasket 8 has the advantages that even if the combined gasket is manufactured by the polygonal holes formed in the combined gasket, the bolt 1 cannot generate large rotation under the condition that the combined gasket is loosely matched with the hexagon head of the bolt 1.

Taking a flange mechanism in the mechanical field as an example, during specific work, firstly, each bolt 1 is respectively installed into each hexagonal through hole in the a-type combined clamping piece 2 along the thread end, and since the hexagonal hole of the a-type clamping piece 2 is slightly smaller than the hexagonal size of the hexagonal head of the bolt 1, that is, a certain interference is left, at this time, each bolt 1 is knocked outside the hexagonal head, so that the hexagonal head part of the bolt 1 is slightly embedded into the a-type combined clamping piece 2, and a primary positioning effect is performed on the bolt 1. Then, the bolts 1 are inserted into the bolt holes of the flange of the frame 4, and the gaskets 3 are respectively installed. The washer 5 and nut 7 are then fitted along the bolt 1 on the other side of the flange, respectively, whereupon the nut 7 can be tightened. It can be seen that as the nut 7 is continuously screwed, the a-shaped combined clamping piece 2 arranged on the other surface of the flange plate is tightly embedded into the hexagonal head part of the bolt 1 under the action of the screw force. At the same time, the bolt 1 is also tightened. Then, the through holes with the notches on the peripheries of the B-shaped combined clamping pieces 6 are aligned with the bolts 1 and are arranged at the exposed parts of the bolts 1. After the preparation, the B-type combination card 6 may be pressed into the outer hexagonal portion of the nut 7 by a dedicated press machine. At this time, the notch around the B-type combination card 6 is tightly fitted to the external hexagonal portion of the nut 7 due to elastic deformation, plastic deformation, or a combination of elastic and plastic deformation.

In operation, under the working condition that the bolt-nut mechanism does not exceed the limit conditions of materials and does not generate plastic deformation, no matter how strong the impact vibration or other disturbance of external force is, the A-type combined clamping sheet 2 and a plurality of heads of the bolts 1 are connected together through an integral gasket, so the bolts 1 on the mounting flange mechanism cannot rotate under the condition that the hexagonal head parts of the bolts 1 interfere with each other. Thus, the problem that the bolt 1 is loosened due to self rotation under the action of external impact and vibration conditions in the flange mechanism is solved.

Similarly, since the B-type composite card 6 is also formed by coupling a plurality of hexagonal portions of the nut 7 by an integral card, the nut 7 mounted on the flange mechanism is not rotatable in any way under the condition that the hexagonal portions of the nuts 7 interfere with each other. This solves the problem of the nut 7 loosening under the influence of external conditions due to its rotation in the flange mechanism.

It can be seen that in the bolt-and-nut mechanism, a plurality of bolt-and-nut mechanisms are generally free from looseness under the condition of mutual interference, as long as the action of external conditions on the mechanisms does not exceed the limit condition of the bolt-and-nut material so that the mechanisms do not plastically deform.

In general mechanical parts, most of design schemes adopt a plurality of bolt-nut mechanisms to work in combination, and the technical scheme is provided for solving the overall anti-loosening problem of the multi-bolt-nut mechanism. The A-type combined card 2 and the B-type combined card 6 in the technical scheme are generally made of thin steel plates through stamping or forging processes, so that the manufacturing cost is relatively low, particularly, the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced after parts are standardized, and the manufacturing precision can be well guaranteed. Therefore, the method can produce a positive effect after implementation.

Description of the drawings

The utility model has 9 figures, wherein: fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a bolt and nut combined anti-loose mechanism, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a basic appearance of a flange structure of an a-type combined card 2, fig. 3 is a sectional diagram from a to a of fig. 2, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a basic appearance of a flange structure of a B-type combined card 6, fig. 5 is a sectional diagram from B to B of fig. 4, fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 4, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a bolt and nut combined anti-loose mechanism in which a combined gasket 8 is used in place of the a-type combined card 2, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a basic appearance of a flange structure of the combined gasket 8, and fig. 9 is a sectional diagram from C to C of a part of fig. 8, which is made by a hot stamping process or a machining process and is a plane structure as a whole.

In each figure: 1. bolt, type 2, A combination card, 3, washer, 4, frame, 5, washer, 6, type B combination card, 7, nut, 8, combination gasket.

Fifth, detailed description of the utility model

The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings attached to the specification.

As can be seen from fig. 1, since the bolt 1 and the nut 7 are constrained by the a-type combination card 2 and the B-type combination card 6 in terms of the overall structure, as long as the bolt 1 and the nut 7 do not exceed the strength limit range under the action of external force, plastic deformation is generally not generated, and therefore, no mutual rotation condition exists no matter what the external impact and vibration occurs, so that the reliability of the mechanism is relatively high.

As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the structure of the part, i.e. the a-type combination card 2, can be generally completed by a cold stamping process or a hot stamping process, so that the manufacturing cost is generally lower, and particularly lower after standardization. A problem to be noted in the processing of parts is that the size of each hexagonal hole should be generally smaller than the size of the hexagonal body of the bolt 1, so that after the external force is extruded, the combination of the two is firmer, and if necessary, glue can be applied to the combination part before the external force is extruded.

As can be seen from fig. 4, 5 and 6, the manufacturing process of the type B combo card 6 is almost the same as that of the type a combo card 2, and generally, the size of the hole on the part and the size of the gap at the edge of the hole should be determined by testing according to different materials. In some cases, when the material is selected properly, the circular holes in the B-type combined clamping sheet 6 and the portions around the circular holes with the gaps can be replaced by circular holes with sizes which are not much different from the sizes of the inscribed circles in the polygonal shape of the nut 7, so that the holes naturally form plastic deformation and local fracture under the external pressure, thereby ensuring that the combination is firmer. In addition, it is generally necessary to add a washer 5 under the nut 7.

As can be seen from fig. 7, 8 and 9, in this case, the combined washer 8 is used in place of the a-type combined card 2 in the mechanism, and the combined washer 8 has an advantage that even if the hexagonal head of the bolt 1 and the stepped hole in the combined washer 8 are somewhat loose in fitting at the time of mounting, there is generally no influence, and the combined washer 8 does not fall off regardless of the impact vibration of the system, so that the reliability is relatively high. However, even so, it is generally preferable to add a conventional gasket 3 under the composite shim 8.

The configuration of the a-type combination cards 2 and the B-type combination cards 6 can be made in various shapes according to the distribution of bolts and nuts in the mechanism, and generally, a circular ring shape (flange structure) and a long rectangular shape are used in many cases. The present invention can be applied to any mechanism as long as the mechanism has two or more bolt-nut mechanisms, and the condition that hexagonal portions of respective bolts interfere with each other is satisfied.

For special cases, where the mechanical structure is very large, such as a bridge, etc., the spacing between the bolt-and-nut mechanisms is relatively large, especially for relatively long stud bolts, in order to save costs, a fabrication hole may be drilled in the frame near the bolt, and a bolt-and-nut mechanism may be added to the fabrication hole, or a relatively short bolt-and-nut mechanism may be added to each end of the long screw. Then, a group of the A-type combined card 2 and the B-type combined card 6 with two anti-loose elements is used.

In order to solve the resonance problem of the mechanical system, a rubber pad or a nylon pad can be added below the B-type combined card 6.

The function of adding one or more through holes or screw holes near the round hole with the notch on the B-type combined clamping piece 6 is mainly to fix the combined clamping piece 6 on the frame or detach the combined clamping piece from the mechanism. When the through hole is adopted, a screw hole can be correspondingly formed on the common rack, so that the rack can be further fixed on the rack. Of course, the combined card can be fixed by adopting an adhesive method, and especially when the combined card is installed, the hexagonal surface of the nut is coated with special adhesive, so that the combination is firmer.

In general, the B-type combination card 6 is a disposable component, that is, the parts between the holes can be broken when it is disassembled (for example, by prying with a tool), or in some cases, the small through holes can be made into screw holes, and then the B-type combination card can be disassembled by using a special pin puller (or called a belt hammer). Or the B-type card 6 can be conveniently detached by adopting a special simple traditional puller. However, even if the B-type combi card 6 is removed, the possibility of reuse is not very high. Therefore, in general, the through holes or screw holes for detaching or fixing the B-type combination card 6 can be omitted.

As can be seen from fig. 1 and 7, since a washer 5 is generally arranged below a nut 7 in the mechanism for fixing the frame 4, a gap is generally arranged between the B-type combination card 6 and the frame 4, and in this case, a rubber pad or a nylon pad is often arranged in the gap to achieve a good shock absorption effect.

Actually, for some products with larger production batches, such as automobile engines, etc., the assembly is generally completed through a production line, so in this case, a pressing process can be added directly on the production line.

When the mechanism adopts a stud bolt, the two ends of the mechanism can be generally provided with the B-shaped combined clamping pieces 6. When one end of the bolt in some mechanical parts is fixedly connected (such as welded) with the frame, only the B-type combination card 6 can be used.

In fact, for some mechanical parts of some mechanisms which do not vibrate seriously in operation and need to be disassembled frequently, sometimes for installation convenience, the combination card 2 of the type A can be used instead of the combination card 6 of the type B, because the installation and the disassembly are faster.

In some cases where the torque requirements for tightening the nut are not high, the B-type combi-card 6 may be replaced by the a-type combi-card 2. This situation typically requires that a special glue be applied to the nut before the a-type combination card 2 is installed to make it more secure. When the structure is adopted, the nuts are adjusted to approximately correspond to the edges of the polygonal through holes on the A-type combined clamping piece 2 before installation, and then the A-type combined clamping piece 2 is integrally pressed in.

In fact, since the combination cards 2 and 6, whether they are a-type combination cards or B-type combination cards, are generally made of relatively thin steel sheets, the mass of the combination cards themselves is generally relatively small. Therefore, even if the mechanical component generates a large impact acceleration relative to the axial direction of the bolt 1 under the impact action of the external force, the inertia force generated by the a-type combination cards 2 and the B-type combination cards 6 is relatively small, so that the inertia force is negligible relative to the combined compression friction force generated when the bolt 1 and the nut 7 are embedded. Therefore, the a-type combo cards 2 and the B-type combo cards 6 do not fall off by themselves in operation. Only in certain very specific cases are measures required to fix the type a combi cards 2 and the type B combi cards 6, respectively, to the frame 4 in other conventional ways.

Of course, the material of the a-type combo card 2 or the B-type combo card 6 is not necessarily a metal material, and in some cases, a nylon material, a hard rubber material, or the like may be used.

Typically, the press-fitting of both type a and type B composite cards 2 and 6 requires a special tool, and in a conventional manner, typically uses a conventional sleeve or composite sleeve coupled to a press.

Claims (7)

1. A bolt-nut combined locking mechanism is a bolt-nut combined locking mechanism combined and used in a mechanical component with a plurality of bolts and nuts, the mechanism is provided with a bolt-nut mechanism, and the bolt-nut combined locking mechanism is characterized in that: the bolt and nut combined anti-loose mechanism is combined by an A-type combined clamping sheet (2) and a B-type combined clamping sheet (6), wherein, the A-type combined card (2) is an integral card which is manufactured according to the distribution positions of a plurality of bolts (1) in the mechanical mechanism, has a shape corresponding to each corresponding position and a plurality of polygonal through holes corresponding to the polygonal shapes of the heads of the bolts (1) and is tightly installed at the polygonal parts of the heads of the bolts (1) under the action of external force, and has a certain thickness, the B-type combined card (6) is an integral card which is manufactured according to the distribution positions of a plurality of nuts (7) in the mechanical mechanism, has a plurality of through holes at corresponding positions, and a plurality of overall clamping pieces with certain thickness are arranged at the periphery of each through hole along the direction of the central line of the through hole, extend outwards, and are respectively embedded into the outer polygonal part of each polygonal nut (7) through elastic deformation or plastic deformation or elastic and plastic combined deformation under the action of external force.

2. The bolt and nut combined anti-loosening mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the A-type combination card (2) is used for replacing the B-type combination card (6).

3. The bolt and nut combined anti-loosening mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the type B combination cards (6) are used for replacing the type A combination cards (2).

4. The bolt and nut combined anti-loosening mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: one or more through holes or screw holes are formed near the periphery of the through hole of the B-type combined card (6).

5. The bolt and nut combined anti-loosening mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the through hole in the B-type combined clamping piece (6) and the part with the gap around the through hole are replaced by round holes with the size which is not much different from that of the inscribed circle of the polygonal shape of the nut (7).

6. The bolt and nut combined anti-loosening mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the A-type combined card (2) is replaced by a combined gasket (8) which is respectively provided with a plurality of holes for passing through the bolt rod and coaxial polygonal stepped holes for embedding or partially embedding the polygonal parts of the bolt heads at the same time according to the distribution positions and the sizes of a plurality of bolts and nuts in the mechanical component.

7. The bolt and nut combined anti-loosening mechanism according to claim 6, wherein: the upper and lower planes of the combined gasket (8) adopt an integral plane structure with a plurality of stepped holes or a structure that the upper plane is a plane structure with stepped holes and each bolt hole of the lower plane is provided with a raised platform.

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