CN216649297U - Super capacitor power supply circuit and electric energy meter - Google Patents
Super capacitor power supply circuit and electric energy meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN216649297U CN216649297U CN202123442681.1U CN202123442681U CN216649297U CN 216649297 U CN216649297 U CN 216649297U CN 202123442681 U CN202123442681 U CN 202123442681U CN 216649297 U CN216649297 U CN 216649297U
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Abstract
The application discloses a super capacitor power supply circuit and an electric energy meter, wherein the super capacitor power supply circuit comprises a charging module, a competitive power supply module and a voltage conversion discharging module, and the charging module is used for charging a single super capacitor based on a power supply when the power supply is electrified; the competitive power supply module is used for determining one of a power supply and a single super capacitor to supply power to the voltage conversion discharge module according to the state of the power supply; the voltage conversion discharging module is used for converting a first voltage provided by a power supply or a single super capacitor into a target voltage so as to supply power to a load through the target voltage. This application only adopts monomer super capacitor just can be for the electric energy meter power supply, has not only reduced the circuit cost to still improve super capacitor utilization ratio, practiced thrift the energy, ensured the normal operating of electric energy meter correlation function when the outage.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a super capacitor power supply circuit and an electric energy meter.
Background
An electric energy meter is a meter for measuring electric energy, i.e., various electric quantities. When the electric energy meter is used, if the external commercial power fails, a backup power supply is needed to supply power to the electric energy meter so as to support the functions of the electric energy meter, such as timing clock, event detection, power failure display and the like, and the current commonly used backup power supply is generally a battery or a super capacitor.
When a super capacitor is used as a backup power supply, because the rated voltage of the existing single super capacitor is generally 2.7V, and the working voltage of a Micro Control Unit (MCU) of an electric energy meter is generally 3.3V, two super capacitors connected in series are generally required to supply power to the electric energy meter when the mains supply fails.
And two super capacitors are connected in series to supply power for the electric energy meter, so that not only is the cost higher, but also the problem of low utilization rate of the super capacitors exists.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application provides a super capacitor power supply circuit and electric energy meter aims at solving and adopts two super capacitors to establish ties and supply power for the electric energy meter when the commercial power has a power failure among the prior art, has problem with high costs, that super capacitor utilization ratio is low.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a super capacitor power supply circuit, which includes a single super capacitor, a charging module, a competitive power supply module and a voltage conversion and discharge module, wherein the charging module and the competitive power supply module are electrically connected to a power supply, the single super capacitor is electrically connected to the charging module and the competitive power supply module, respectively, and the competitive power supply module is electrically connected to the voltage conversion and discharge module;
the charging module is used for charging the single super capacitor based on the power supply when the power supply is electrified;
the competitive power supply module is used for determining one of the power supply and the single super capacitor to supply power to the voltage conversion discharge module according to the state of the power supply;
and the voltage conversion discharging module is used for converting the first voltage provided by the power supply or the single super capacitor into a target voltage so as to supply power to the load through the target voltage.
In one possible implementation manner of the present application, the charging module includes a charging control unit and a charging switch unit, the charging switch unit is electrically connected to the charging control unit and the power supply, respectively, and the charging control unit is further electrically connected to the micro control unit;
the micro control unit is used for outputting an enabling signal to the charging control unit when the power supply is electrified;
the charging control unit is used for controlling the charging switch unit to be in a charging conducting state according to the enabling signal;
and the charging switch unit is used for conducting a charging path between the power supply and the single super capacitor in a charging conducting state.
In one possible implementation manner of the present application, the micro control unit is further configured to stop outputting the enable signal to the charging control unit when the power supply is powered off;
the charging control unit is also used for controlling the charging switch unit to be in a charging cut-off state when the enabling signal is not received;
the charging switch unit is also used for disconnecting a charging path between the power supply and the single super capacitor when the charging is in a charging cut-off state.
In a possible implementation manner of the present application, the charging switch unit includes a first switch tube, a first end of the first switch tube is electrically connected to the power supply, a second end of the first switch tube is electrically connected to the charging control unit, and a third end of the first switch tube is electrically connected to the single super capacitor.
In a possible implementation manner of the present application, the charging switch unit further includes a first resistor, one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the first switch tube.
In a possible implementation manner of the present application, the charging control unit includes a second resistor, one end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the micro control unit, and the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the second end of the first switch tube.
In one possible implementation manner of the present application, the contention power supply module includes a first one-way conduction device and a second one-way conduction device that are not conducted simultaneously;
one end of the first one-way conduction device is electrically connected with the power supply, the other end of the first one-way conduction device is electrically connected with the voltage conversion discharge module, when the power supply is electrified, the first one-way conduction device is conducted, and the power supply supplies power to the voltage conversion discharge module;
one end of the second one-way conduction device is electrically connected with the single super capacitor, the other end of the second one-way conduction device is electrically connected with the voltage conversion discharging module, when the power supply is powered off, the second one-way conduction device is conducted, and the single super capacitor supplies power for the voltage conversion discharging module.
In one possible implementation manner of the present application, the first unidirectional conducting device and the second unidirectional conducting device are both diodes.
In one possible implementation manner of the present application, the voltage conversion discharging module includes a dc voltage converting unit, one end of the dc voltage converting unit is electrically connected to the competitive power supply module, and the other end of the dc voltage converting unit is electrically connected to the load;
and the direct-current voltage conversion unit is used for converting the received first voltage into a target voltage and outputting the target voltage to a load.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides an electric energy meter, which integrates the super capacitor power supply circuit of the first aspect, wherein the super capacitor power supply circuit is configured to charge the single super capacitor when the power supply of the electric energy meter is powered on, and to supply power to the electric energy meter through the single super capacitor when the power supply is powered off.
From the above, the present application has the following advantageous effects:
in this application, when power supply has the electricity, charge for monomer super capacitor through the module of charging, the competition power supply module is according to power supply's state, confirm one of power supply and monomer super capacitor to supply power for voltage conversion discharge module, the first voltage conversion that power supply or monomer super capacitor provided by voltage conversion discharge module again is target voltage, for the load like the power meter power supply, compared with adopting two super capacitors to establish ties and supplying power for the power meter among the prior art, this application only adopts monomer super capacitor just can supply power for the power meter, circuit cost has not only been reduced, and super capacitor utilization ratio has still been improved, and the energy is saved has ensured the normal operation of the relevant function of power meter when the outage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application, the drawings that are needed to be used in the description of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art circuit using a super capacitor as a backup power source;
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a super capacitor power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another functional block of the super capacitor power supply circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a super capacitor power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric energy meter provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electric energy meter provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Wherein: 100-a super capacitor power supply circuit, 200-a power supply source, 300-a charging module, 301-a charging control unit, 302-a charging switch unit, 400-a single super capacitor, 500-a competition power supply module, 501-a first one-way conduction device, 502-a second one-way conduction device, 600-a voltage conversion discharging module, 601-a direct current voltage conversion unit, 700-a load, 800-a micro control unit and 900-an electric energy meter.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered limiting of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In this application, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the application. In the following description, details are set forth for the purpose of explanation. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not set forth in detail in order to avoid obscuring the description of the present application with unnecessary detail. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
Before introducing the super-capacitor power supply circuit and the electric energy meter provided by the application, firstly, a scheme that the super-capacitor is adopted as a backup power supply of the electric energy meter in the prior art is simply analyzed.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit principle in the prior art that a super capacitor is used as a backup power supply, in fig. 1, a fourth capacitor C4 is formed by connecting two single super capacitors in series, and when a power source VCC is charged, the power source VCC charges a fourth capacitor C4 through a third resistor R3; when the power source VCC is off, the fourth capacitor C4 discharges to the voltage conversion chip U3 through the fifth diode D5, and the voltage conversion chip U3 converts the received input voltage into 3.3V and outputs the 3.3V to a Micro Controller Unit (MCU) of the electric energy meter, so as to provide a working voltage for the MCU and maintain the functions of the electric energy meter such as timing clock, event detection, power failure display, and the like.
Since the super capacitor is usually used by 85% derating, for the fourth capacitor C4 with the specification of 1.5F/5.5V, the super capacitor can only be charged to 85% of 5.5V, namely 4.675V; when the fourth capacitor C4 discharges to a voltage of 3.3V, the voltage conversion chip U3 cannot normally operate, that is, when the fourth capacitor C4 discharges to a voltage of 3.3V, the MCU of the electric energy meter cannot be supplied with operating voltage.
Calculating the formula W-1/2 CU according to the capacitance energy2Where C is the capacitance of the capacitor and U is the voltage across the capacitor, in the above case, when the voltage of the fourth capacitor C4 is discharged from 4.675V to 3.3V, the energy W1 released is 0.5 × 1.5 × (4.675)2-3.32) When the voltage of the fourth capacitor C4 is not more than 3.3V, the wasted energy W2 is 0.5 × 1.5 × (3.3J), which is not used2-02) When the energy utilization rate E1 of the fourth capacitor C4 is 8.17J, W1/(W1+ W2) 100% is 8.22/(8.22+8.17) 100% is 50.15%.
It can be seen that, in the prior art, two super capacitors are connected in series to serve as a backup power supply, which not only has high cost, but also has low utilization rate of the super capacitors, and when the fourth capacitor C4 is charged, the output voltage of the power supply VCC should be relatively high, for example, higher than the operating voltage of the electric energy meter MCU by 3.3V, so as to charge the fourth capacitor C4.
In view of the above problems, the present application provides a super capacitor power supply circuit and an electric energy meter, which are described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a super capacitor power supply circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application, the super capacitor power supply circuit 100 may include a single super capacitor 400, a charging module 300, a competitive power supply module 500, and a voltage conversion and discharge module 600, the charging module 300 and the competitive power supply module 500 may be electrically connected to a power supply 200, the single super capacitor 400 is electrically connected to the charging module 300 and the competitive power supply module 500, respectively, and the competitive power supply module 500 is electrically connected to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600.
The charging module 300 may be configured to charge the single super capacitor 400 based on the power supply 200 when the power supply 200 is powered.
The competitive power supply module 500 may be configured to determine, according to the state of the power supply 200, one of the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 to supply power to the voltage conversion discharge module 600.
The voltage conversion discharging module 600 may be configured to convert a first voltage provided by the power supply 200 or the single super capacitor 400 into a target voltage, so as to supply power to the load 700 through the target voltage.
In this embodiment, the power supply 200 may output a dc current to charge the single super capacitor 400 with the output dc current, and accordingly, the power supply 200 may be a dc power supply, which may provide any dc voltage with any amplitude, for example, 2.7V, 3.3V, 5.5V, etc. for the circuit.
In some application scenarios, the power supply 200 may be a 3.3V power supply for supplying power to an MCU of an electric energy meter, and in a state where the power supply 200 is powered, the power supply 200 may not only directly provide a working voltage for the MCU of the electric energy meter, but also charge the single super capacitor 400 through the charging module 300, and in this application scenario, the load 700 may be the electric energy meter, that is, the MCU of the electric energy meter.
It can be understood that the power supply 200 may also be connected to an external commercial power, and at this time, the power supply 200 may rectify, step down, and filter an ac voltage provided by the external commercial power to obtain a dc voltage with a corresponding amplitude, so as to supply power to the single super capacitor 400 and the load 700 through the dc voltage.
In this embodiment, the charging module 300 may charge the single super capacitor 400 based on the power supply 200 when the power supply 200 is powered on, and it can be understood that the charging module 300 may form a charging path between the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 when the power supply 200 is powered on, so that a direct current output by the power supply 200 may be input to the single super capacitor 400, and the charging module 300 may charge the single super capacitor 400 based on the power supply 200.
The competitive power supply module 500 may determine, according to the state of the power supply 200, one of the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 to supply power to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600, and it can be understood that there are two states of the power supply 200, one is a power-on state, and the other is a power-off state.
It can be understood that, when the power supply 200 is powered, the power supply 200 charges the single super capacitor 400 through the charging module 300, and at this time, the voltage stored by the single super capacitor 400 may not be enough to provide the working voltage for the load 700, and therefore, the competitive power supply module 500 may enable the power supply 200 to supply power to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600, that is, the competitive power supply module 500 may enable a power supply path to be formed between the power supply 200 and the voltage conversion and discharge module 600, and the power supply 200 may supply power to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600 through the power supply path.
When the power supply 200 is powered off, the power supply 200 cannot continue to supply power to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600, so that the competitive power supply module 500 can form a power supply path between the single super capacitor 400 and the voltage conversion and discharge module 600, and the single super capacitor 400 can supply power to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600 through the power supply path.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the preset state of the single super capacitor 400 may be a full-power state or an electroless state, that is, before the super capacitor power supply circuit 100 works, the single super capacitor 400 may be charged in advance, or the super capacitor may not be charged, but the power supply 200 charges the single super capacitor 400 while the power supply 200 has power to supply power to the load 700.
In this embodiment, the load 700 may be configured with a corresponding working voltage, and when the voltage input to the load 700 is consistent with the working voltage, the load 700 may operate normally and stably, and therefore, in this embodiment, the voltage conversion discharging module 600 may convert the first voltage provided by the power supply 200 or the single super capacitor 400 into the target voltage, so as to supply power to the load 700 through the target voltage, and enable the load 700 to operate normally.
It is understood that the target voltage may be an operating voltage of the load, and the first voltage provided by the power supply 200 or the single super capacitor 400 may be higher than the target voltage or lower than the target voltage; when the first voltage is higher than the target voltage, the voltage conversion discharge module 600 may perform a voltage reduction process on the first voltage to reduce the first voltage to the target voltage; when the first voltage is lower than the target voltage, the voltage conversion and discharge module 600 may perform a boosting process on the first voltage to boost the first voltage to the target voltage.
In this embodiment, when the power supply 200 is powered, the power supply 200 supplies power to the voltage conversion discharge module 600, the output voltage provided by the power supply 200 may be smaller than the target voltage, equal to the target voltage, or larger than the target voltage, and the voltage conversion discharge module 600 may perform corresponding voltage reduction or voltage increase processing on the output voltage of the power supply 200 according to the output voltage of the power supply 200, so as to convert the output voltage into the target voltage.
When the power supply 200 is powered off, the single super capacitor 400 supplies power to the voltage conversion discharge module 600, and since the rated voltage of the existing single super capacitor 400 is generally 2.7V, in an ideal state that the single super capacitor 400 is fully used, when the target voltage is greater than 2.7V, the voltage conversion discharge module 600 performs boosting processing on the output voltage of the single super capacitor, and further converts the output voltage into the target voltage; when the target voltage is less than 2.7V, the voltage conversion discharge module 600 performs voltage reduction processing on the output voltage of the single super capacitor 400, and because the output voltage of the single super capacitor 400 is continuously reduced in the process of supplying power to the voltage conversion discharge module 600, when the output voltage of the single super capacitor 400 is reduced to be less than 2.7V, the voltage conversion discharge module 600 performs voltage increase processing on the output voltage of the single super capacitor 400.
However, in a normal case, the super capacitor is derated, and if the derating is 85%, the maximum value of the output voltage of the single super capacitor 400 is 2.295V, so that 2.295V may be compared with the target voltage, and the voltage conversion discharge module 600 may perform voltage boosting or voltage dropping processing on the output voltage of the single super capacitor 400 according to the comparison result, so as to convert the output voltage into the target voltage and output the target voltage to the load 700.
In some application scenarios, when the load 700 is an MCU of an electric energy meter, since the operating voltage of the MCU is 3.3V, the voltage conversion discharging module 600 may boost the output voltage of the single super capacitor 400, and boost the output voltage to 3.3V to output to the MCU, so that the MCU operates normally.
In the present application, when the power supply 200 has power, the single super capacitor 400 is charged through the charging module 300, the competitive power supply module 500 determines that one of the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 supplies power to the voltage conversion discharging module 600 according to the state of the power supply 200, and then the voltage conversion discharging module 600 converts the first voltage provided by the power supply 200 or the single super capacitor 400 into the target voltage, so as to supply power to the load 700 such as the electric energy meter, compared with the prior art in which two super capacitors are connected in series to supply power to the electric energy meter, the present application only adopts the single super capacitor to supply power to the electric energy meter, which not only reduces the circuit cost, but also improves the utilization rate of the super capacitor, saves energy, and ensures the normal operation of the related functions of the electric energy meter when the power is cut off.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another functional module of the super capacitor power supply circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application, in some embodiments of the present application, the charging module 300 may include a charging control unit 301 and a charging switch unit 302, the charging switch unit 302 may be electrically connected to the charging control unit 301 and the power supply 200, respectively, and the charging control unit 301 may also be electrically connected to a micro control unit 800.
The micro control unit 800 may be configured to output an enable signal to the charging control unit 301 when the power supply 200 is powered; the charging control unit 301 may be configured to control the charging switch unit 302 to be in a charging on state according to the enable signal; the charging switch unit 302 may be configured to conduct a charging path between the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 in a charging conducting state.
In this embodiment, the mcu 800 may be configured to monitor the state of the power supply 200, that is, the mcu 800 may monitor whether the power supply 200 is powered on or powered off, when the power supply 200 is powered on, the mcu 800 may output an enable signal to the charging control unit 301, so that the charging control unit 301 may enable the charging switch unit 302 to be in a charging on state according to the enable signal, at this time, the charging switch unit 302 in the charging on state may enable the charging path between the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 to be on, and thus the power supply 200 may charge the single super capacitor 400.
It is understood that the charging switch unit 302 can switch its own operating state according to the control of the charging control unit 301, and the charging switch unit 302 can be any one of the existing controllable switch devices, such as a triode, a relay, a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), and the like.
In some application scenarios, the load 700 may be an electric energy meter, the micro control unit 800 may be an individual MCU, or an MCU of the electric energy meter, when the power supply 200 is powered, the power supply 200 may supply power to the electric energy meter, and at this time, the MCU of the electric energy meter may output an enable signal to the charging control unit 301, so that the charging control unit 301 controls the charging switch unit to turn on the charging path between the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400.
Correspondingly, the mcu 800 may be further configured to stop outputting the enable signal to the charging control unit 301 when the power supply 200 is powered off; the charging control unit 301 may be further configured to control the charging switch unit to be in a charging off state when the enable signal is not received; the charge switch unit 302 can also be used to disconnect the charging path between the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 when the charging is in the off state.
In this embodiment, when the micro control unit 800 monitors that the power supply 200 does not output current, that is, when the power supply 200 is powered off, it may stop outputting the enable signal, and the charging control unit 301 cannot drive the charging switch unit 302 to continue to be in the charging on state because it does not receive the enable signal, and then when the power supply 200 is powered off, the charging switch unit 302 is switched from the charging on state to the charging off state to disconnect the charging path between the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400, thereby preventing the single super capacitor 400 from reversely supplying power to the power supply 200.
It can be understood that when the power supply 200 is powered off, the power supply cannot continue to supply power to the load 700 such as the electric energy meter, at this time, the MCU of the electric energy meter cannot continue to output the enable signal, and the charging control unit 301 cannot receive the enable signal and cannot continue to drive the charging switch unit 302 to be in the charging on state, at this time, the charging switch unit 302 may be in the charging off state, so as to disconnect the charging path between the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a super capacitor power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application, in some embodiments of the present application, the charging switch unit 302 may include a first switch tube Q1, a first end of the first switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the power supply 200, a second end of the first switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the charging control unit 301, and a third end of the first switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the single super capacitor 400.
The second terminal of the first switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the charging control unit 301, and may be configured to receive an enable signal CHARG _ EN output by the charging control unit 301, and enable conduction between the first terminal and the third terminal of the first switch tube Q1 in response to the enable signal CHARG _ EN, so that the power supply 200 charges the single super capacitor 400.
In addition, the charging switch unit 302 may further include a first resistor R1, one end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the power supply 200, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of the first switch tube Q1, that is, the first resistor R1 is electrically connected between the power supply 200 and the first switch tube Q1, because the first switch tube Q1 is turned on, that is, when the first end and the third end of the first switch tube Q1 are turned on, the power supply 200 charges the single super capacitor 400, and in order to avoid an excessive current on a charging path, a charging current on the charging path may be changed by adjusting a resistance value of the first resistor R1, so that the power supply 200 is ensured to charge the single super capacitor 400, and circuit safety is improved.
In some embodiments of the present application, the charging control unit 301 may include a second resistor R2, one end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the micro control unit 800, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the second end of the first switch tube Q1, since the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to the micro control unit 800, the micro control unit 800 outputs an enable signal to be Input to the second end of the first switch tube Q1 through the second resistor R2, if a current on a branch of the micro control unit 800 and the first switch tube Q1 is too large, an Input/Output (I/O) port of the micro control unit 800 is easily damaged by a large current impact, and therefore, in this embodiment, the current on the branch of the micro control unit 800 and the first switch tube Q1 may be limited through the second resistor R2 to protect the I/O port of the micro control unit 800.
With continued reference to fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments of the present application, the contention based power supply module 500 may include a first unidirectional conducting device 501 and a second unidirectional conducting device 502 that are not simultaneously conducting.
One end of the first one-way conduction device 501 is electrically connected to the power supply 200, and the other end is electrically connected to the voltage conversion discharge module 600, when the power supply 200 is powered, the first one-way conduction device 501 is turned on, and the power supply 200 supplies power to the voltage conversion discharge module 600.
One end of the second unidirectional conducting device 502 is electrically connected with the single super capacitor 400, and the other end is electrically connected with the voltage conversion discharge module 600, when the power supply 200 is powered off, the second unidirectional conducting device 502 is conducted, and the single super capacitor 400 supplies power to the voltage conversion discharge module 600.
In this embodiment, the first unidirectional conducting device 501 and the second unidirectional conducting device 502 are not conducted at the same time, the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 do not supply power to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600 at the same time, when the power supply 200 has power, the first unidirectional conducting device 501 is conducted, and at this time, the power supply 200 supplies power to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600, that is, the conducting direction of the first unidirectional conducting device 501 is that current flows from the power supply 200 to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600, and when the first unidirectional conducting device 501 is conducted, the second unidirectional conducting device 502 is not conducted, that is, the single super capacitor 400 and the voltage conversion and discharge module 600 are disconnected, the single super capacitor 400 cannot supply power to the voltage conversion and discharge module 600, and because the second unidirectional conducting device 502 is not conducted, the power supply 200 cannot charge the single super capacitor 400 through the first unidirectional conducting device 501, preventing the cell supercapacitor 400 from overcharging.
When the power supply 200 is powered off, the second one-way conduction device 502 electrically connected to the single super capacitor 400 is turned on, and the single super torch 400 supplies power to the voltage conversion discharge module 600 through the second one-way conduction device 502, that is, the conduction direction of the second one-way conduction device 502 is the current flowing from the single super capacitor 400 to the voltage conversion discharge module 600, at this time, the first one-way conduction device 501 is not turned on, and at the same time, the single super capacitor 400 can be prevented from reversely supplying power to the power supply 200 through the second one-way conduction device 502 and the first one-way conduction device 501.
In some embodiments of the present application, the voltage conversion discharge module 600 may include a dc voltage conversion unit 601, where one end of the dc voltage conversion unit 601 is electrically connected to the competitive power supply module 500, and the other end is electrically connected to the load 700; the dc voltage conversion unit 601 may be configured to convert the received first voltage into a target voltage and output the target voltage to the load 700.
The DC voltage conversion unit 601 may convert the first voltage input by the power supply 200 and the single super capacitor 400 into a target voltage, and it is understood that the DC voltage conversion unit 601 may be any existing DC-DC converter.
According to the magnitude relationship between the first voltage and the target voltage, the dc voltage conversion unit 601 may be configured to boost or buck, and may be specifically selected according to an actual application scenario, which is not specifically limited herein.
For example, if the load 700 is an MCU of an electric energy meter, the operating voltage is 3.3V, i.e. the target voltage is 3.3V, and the specification of the single super capacitor 400 is 3F/2.7V, therefore, for the first voltage output from the single super capacitor 400 to the dc voltage conversion unit 601, the dc voltage conversion unit 601 can boost the first voltage to 3.3V for output.
With reference to fig. 4, in a specific implementation, the dc voltage converting unit 601 is a voltage converting chip U1, the first unidirectional conducting device 501 is a first diode D1, the second unidirectional conducting device 5.2 is a second diode D2, the single super capacitor 400 is a first capacitor C1 with a specification of 3F/2.7V, an output terminal of the power supply VCC is respectively connected to an anode of the first diode D1 and one end of a first resistor R1, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to a first end, i.e., a collector, of the first switching tube Q1, a second end, i.e., a base, of the first switching tube Q1 is connected to a cathode of the third diode D3, an anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the micro control unit 800 through a second resistor R2, a third end, i.e., an emitter, of the first switching tube Q1 is respectively connected to an anode of the first capacitor C1 and an anode 2 of the second diode D2, and a cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to a cathode 1, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the LX port, i.e., pin 2, of the voltage conversion chip U1, and the VOUT port, i.e., pin 3, of the voltage conversion chip U1 is connected to the second capacitor C2 and the load 700, which are connected to ground.
The working principle of the super capacitor power supply circuit is as follows:
when the power supply VCC is powered, the mcu 800 outputs the enable signal CHARG _ EN to turn on the third diode D3, so that the potential of the base of the first switch Q1, i.e. the second terminal, is raised, the first switch Q1 is turned on, the power supply VCC charges the first capacitor C1 through the first resistor R1 and the first switch Q1, and at the same time, the power supply VCC also supplies power to the voltage conversion chip U1 through the first diode D1, the voltage conversion chip U1 converts the first voltage output by the power supply VCC into a target voltage, e.g. 3.3V, and outputs the target voltage to the load 700, in this process, since the cathode voltage of the second diode D2 is always greater than the anode voltage of the second diode D2, the second diode D2 is not turned on, the first capacitor C1 can only be charged and cannot be discharged, the charging current of the first capacitor C1 is controlled by the first resistor R1, and since the first switch Q1 can clamp the charging voltage of the first capacitor C1, therefore, the charging voltage is controlled by the level of the enable signal CHARG _ EN, and the charging voltage V _ C1 is calculated by the following equation:
V_C1＝V_CHARG_EN-V_R2-V_D3-Vbe_Q1
where V _ CHARG _ EN is the level of CHARG _ EN, i.e., the voltage, V _ R2 is the voltage drop of the second resistor, V _ D3 is the voltage drop of the second diode D3, and Vbe _ Q1 is the voltage drop between the base and the emitter of the first switching tube Q1.
Moreover, when the voltage conversion chip U1 operates below the lowest operating voltage, a leakage current to ground may occur, and thus, a problem of discharging while charging occurs, so that when the first capacitor C1 is charging, the second diode D2 limits the first capacitor C1 to prevent the first capacitor C1 from supplying power to the voltage conversion chip U1, thereby preventing the voltage conversion chip U1 from generating a leakage current to ground, and simultaneously preventing the first capacitor C1 from being overcharged due to the power supply VCC charging the first capacitor C1 through the first diode D1.
When the power supply VCC is powered off, the mcu 800 stops outputting the enable signal CHARG _ EN, and the third diode D3 is turned off, so that the voltage at the base of the first switch Q1, i.e. the second terminal, is pulled low, the first switch Q1 is turned off, and the first diode D1 is turned off, at this time, the voltage stored in the first capacitor C1 makes the anode of the second diode D2 higher than the cathode, the second diode D2 is turned on, the first capacitor C1 supplies power to the voltage conversion chip U1, and the voltage conversion chip U1 boosts and converts the first voltage output by the first capacitor C1 into a target voltage, e.g. 3.3V, and outputs the target voltage to the load 700, so that the load 700 can continue to operate.
In this process, the first switch Q1 is turned off to prevent the first capacitor C1 from supplying power to the power source VCC in reverse, the first inductor L1 can be used to store energy and absorb the ac component in the first voltage input to the voltage conversion chip U1, and the second capacitor C2 can further filter the ac component in the first voltage, so that the target voltage output to the load 700 is pure.
In some application scenarios, if the load 700 is an electric energy meter, the MCU 800 is an MCU of the electric energy meter, the power supply VCC is a 3.3V power supply for supplying power to the MCU, the lowest operating voltage of the voltage conversion chip U1 is 0.7V, and the first capacitor C1 is used after being reduced by 85%, the first capacitor C1 can only be charged to 85% of 2.7V, i.e., 2.295V, and when the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is discharged from 2.295V to 0.7V, the released energy W3 is 0.5 × 3 (2.295 × 2.295V)2-0.72) When the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is not available at 0.7V or less, the wasted energy W4 is 0.5 × 3 (0.7J), which is not more than 0.7V2-02) When the energy utilization rate of the first capacitor C1 is 0.735J, the energy utilization rate E2 is W3/(W3+ W4) 100%, 7.17/(7.17+0.735) 100%, 90.7%.
It should be noted that the minimum operating voltage of the voltage conversion chip U1 is 0.7V, which is only an example of the present application, and in other application scenarios, the minimum operating voltage of the voltage conversion chip U1 may also be other values greater than 0.7V or less than 0.7V, which may be determined specifically according to the type of the voltage conversion chip U1, and is not limited specifically here.
It can be seen from the above analysis that, the super capacitor power supply circuit of the embodiment of the present application can not only adopt the 3.3V power supply for supplying power to the MCU to charge the single super capacitor, and does not need to additionally add a charging power supply, but also adopts the single super capacitor to provide working voltage for the MCU of the electric energy meter when the 3.3V power supply is powered off, compared with the prior art, the circuit cost is reduced, and the super capacitor utilization rate is greatly improved.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, an electric energy meter is further provided in the embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the electric energy meter provided in the embodiments of the present application, the electric energy meter 900 is integrated with the super capacitor power supply circuit 100 in any of the foregoing embodiments, and the super capacitor power supply circuit 100 can be used to charge the single super capacitor when the power supply 200 of the electric energy meter 900 is powered on, and to supply power to the electric energy meter 900 when the power supply 200 is powered off.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electric energy meter provided in an embodiment of the present application, in which an MCU of the electric energy meter 900 is a single chip microcomputer U2, a pin 62 of the single chip microcomputer U2 is connected to a second resistor R2, a power supply VCC for outputting an enable signal CHARG _ EN, and 3.3V is connected to a pin 74 of the single chip microcomputer U2, and is configured to directly provide a working voltage for the single chip microcomputer U2, and an output terminal of a voltage conversion chip U1, i.e., a pin 3, is connected to a pin 73 of the single chip microcomputer U2, and is configured to provide a working voltage of 3.3V for the single chip microcomputer U2, so as to ensure that the single chip microcomputer U2 can operate when the power supply VCC is powered off.
In the embodiment of the application, when the power supply VCC of the electric energy meter 900 is powered off, the first capacitor C1 can supply power to the single chip microcomputer U2 through the second diode D2, the first inductor L1 and the voltage conversion chip U1, namely, the power supply circuit 100 is used as a backup power supply to supply power to the MCU of the electric energy meter 900, so that functions of the electric energy meter 900, such as a timing clock, event detection and power failure display, can be continuously and normally operated, and the reliability of the electric energy meter 900 is improved.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment may refer to the above detailed descriptions of other embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In a specific implementation, each unit or module may be implemented as an independent entity, or may be combined arbitrarily to be implemented as one or several entities, and the specific implementation of each unit or module may refer to the foregoing embodiments, which are not described herein again.
The super capacitor power supply circuit and the electric energy meter provided by the application are introduced in detail, specific examples are applied in the description to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the application, and the above description is only used for helping to understand the circuit and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A super capacitor power supply circuit is characterized by comprising a single super capacitor, a charging module, a competitive power supply module and a voltage conversion discharging module, wherein the charging module and the competitive power supply module are electrically connected with a power supply source;
the charging module is used for charging the single super capacitor based on the power supply when the power supply is electrified;
the competitive power supply module is used for determining one of the power supply and the single super capacitor to supply power to the voltage conversion discharge module according to the state of the power supply;
the voltage conversion discharging module is used for converting a first voltage provided by a power supply or the single super capacitor into a target voltage so as to supply power to a load through the target voltage.
2. The super capacitor power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the charging module comprises a charging control unit and a charging switch unit, the charging switch unit is electrically connected with the charging control unit and the power supply respectively, and the charging control unit is further electrically connected with a micro control unit;
the micro control unit is used for outputting an enabling signal to the charging control unit when the power supply is electrified;
the charging control unit is used for controlling the charging switch unit to be in a charging conducting state according to the enabling signal;
and the charging switch unit is used for switching on a charging path between the power supply and the single super capacitor when the charging switch unit is in the charging conducting state.
3. The super capacitor power supply circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the micro control unit is further configured to stop outputting the enable signal to the charging control unit when the power supply is powered off;
the charging control unit is also used for controlling the charging switch unit to be in a charging cut-off state when the enabling signal is not received;
the charging switch unit is also used for disconnecting the charging path between the power supply and the single super capacitor when the charging is in a cut-off state.
4. The super capacitor power supply circuit according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the charge switch unit comprises a first switch tube, a first end of the first switch tube is electrically connected with the power supply, a second end of the first switch tube is electrically connected with the charge control unit, and a third end of the first switch tube is electrically connected with the single super capacitor.
5. The super capacitor power supply circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the charge switch unit further comprises a first resistor, one end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the power supply, and the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first end of the first switch tube.
6. The super capacitor power supply circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the charge control unit comprises a second resistor, one end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the micro control unit, and the other end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the second end of the first switch tube.
7. The super-capacitor power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the competitive power supply module comprises a first one-way conducting device and a second one-way conducting device which are not conducted simultaneously;
one end of the first one-way conduction device is electrically connected with the power supply, the other end of the first one-way conduction device is electrically connected with the voltage conversion discharging module, when the power supply is electrified, the first one-way conduction device is conducted, and the power supply supplies power to the voltage conversion discharging module;
and one end of the second one-way conduction device is electrically connected with the single super capacitor, the other end of the second one-way conduction device is electrically connected with the voltage conversion discharge module, when the power supply is powered off, the second one-way conduction device is conducted, and the single super capacitor supplies power for the voltage conversion discharge module.
8. The supercapacitor supply circuit according to claim 7, wherein the first and second unidirectional conducting devices are both diodes.
9. The super capacitor power supply circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage conversion discharging module comprises a dc voltage conversion unit, one end of the dc voltage conversion unit is electrically connected to the competitive power supply module, and the other end of the dc voltage conversion unit is electrically connected to the load;
the direct-current voltage conversion unit is configured to boost and convert the received first voltage into the target voltage and output the target voltage to the load.
10. An electric energy meter, characterized in that the electric energy meter is integrated with the super capacitor power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the super capacitor power supply circuit is used for charging a single super capacitor when a power supply of the electric energy meter is powered on, and supplying power to the electric energy meter through the single super capacitor when the power supply is powered off.
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| CN202123442681.1U CN216649297U (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Super capacitor power supply circuit and electric energy meter |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115037146A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-09 | 深圳市正奕微电子有限公司 | Power supply complementary self-adaptive circuit of HPLC and RF dual-mode communication module |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115037146A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-09 | 深圳市正奕微电子有限公司 | Power supply complementary self-adaptive circuit of HPLC and RF dual-mode communication module |
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