A quick assembly disassembly device for speed reducer
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of maintenance of electromechanical equipment, in particular to a quick dismounting device for a speed reducer.
Background
In the manufacturing industry, motors are widely used as power sources of production equipment, and the motors can not be used as speed reducers matched with the motors. The output rotating speed is changed according to a specific proportion through the speed reducer, and meanwhile, the torque of the motor is transmitted and output to the executing component. The mode of key-type connection is all adopted mostly to be connected of speed reducer output hollow shaft and solid axle, because be interference fit, has certain requirement and the degree of difficulty when installation and dismantlement, especially to medium and large-scale speed reducer, just can accomplish the dismouting operation with the help of necessary appurtenance. The disassembling tool commonly used in the market at present is a puller, a pulling claw of the puller is usually hooked on the edge of a shell of the speed reducer, and a solid shaft is ejected out by utilizing a puller screw rod. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN112157624A, publication No. 2021.1.1: a two-jaw puller, a bearing and shaft dismounting structure and a dismounting method are provided. The puller can only complete the disassembly operation of the speed reducer and cannot complete the installation operation of the speed reducer; the puller is not easy to be disassembled to align the stressed central position of the screw rod, the screw rod is easy to be eccentric even the disassembling process is unstable, so that the stress of the pulling claw is unbalanced, and further the clamping stagnation and the blocking can be caused in the process of separating the hollow shaft from the solid shaft; when the puller is used for disassembling, the pulling claw only hooks the edge of the speed reducer shell, the pulling claw is easy to disengage when the screw rod is rotated, potential safety hazards exist, and the speed reducer shell is easy to deform and crack.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a quick dismounting device for a speed reducer, which can safely, efficiently and conveniently dismount and mount the speed reducer, does not cause deformation and cracking of a shell of the speed reducer, and is simple to operate, stable in stress, safe and reliable.
The technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
a quick dismounting device for a speed reducer comprises a bottom plate, a bearing support, a bidirectional thrust ball bearing, a lead screw nut, a nut sleeve and a lead screw; the bottom plate is used for being installed and fixed on a speed reducer end cover, a groove is formed in the surface of the bottom plate, a first through hole is formed in the center of the groove, the bearing support is a cylinder with a hollow inner portion, a second through hole is formed in the top of the bearing support, the bottom of the bearing support is fixedly attached to the bottom plate, so that a cylindrical cavity used for installing the bidirectional thrust ball bearing is formed in the bearing support and the groove of the bottom plate, two seat rings of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing are respectively installed in an attaching mode with the top and the bottom of the cylindrical cavity and are relatively fixed with the bottom plate and the bearing support; the feed screw nut and the nut sleeve are respectively arranged in two seat rings of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing, a shaft ring of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing is clamped and relatively fixed, and the top of the nut sleeve extends out of a second through hole of the bearing support; a first threaded hole is formed in the center of the feed screw nut, a second threaded hole is formed in the center of the nut sleeve, and the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole are aligned to form a threaded channel; one end of the screw rod is used for being in threaded connection with a solid shaft of the speed reducer, and the other end of the screw rod penetrates through the first through hole of the bottom plate and is screwed into the threaded channel to penetrate out of the top of the nut sleeve.
When the nut sleeve is rotated, the screw rod nut and the shaft ring of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing synchronously rotate around the screw rod, so that the bearing support and the bottom plate are driven to do linear motion along the axial direction, and the function of separating or pushing the hollow shaft and the solid shaft of the speed reducer is realized.
Further, the bottom plate is a circular flat plate, the middle of the bottom plate is provided with the groove for matching and installing a seat ring of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing, and the diameter of the first through hole formed in the center of the groove is larger than that of the screw rod.
Furthermore, the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of mounting holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumference and are matched with the threaded holes reserved on the plane of the end cover of the speed reducer, and the mounting holes are used for mounting and fixing the bottom plate on the end cover of the speed reducer through mounting bolts. Can set up several different mounting holes of group along equidimension circumference not to satisfy the speed reducer dismouting that adapts to multiple specification.
Further, the bottom of bearing support is equipped with the flange, be equipped with a plurality of screw blind holes along circumference evenly distributed on the bottom surface of flange, the bottom plate is in the border of recess is equipped with a plurality of screws that match with the screw blind hole, the bottom laminating of flange is in on the bottom plate to with the screw fixation.
Further, the inner diameter of the bearing support is equal to the outer diameter of a seat ring of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing.
Furthermore, lubricating grease is filled in a cylindrical cavity formed by the interior of the bearing support and the groove of the bottom plate. The cavity is filled with long-acting lubricating grease to protect internal transmission parts and further reduce transmission resistance.
Further, the screw rod nut is provided with a first boss, and the center of the screw rod nut is provided with a first threaded hole; the nut sleeve comprises a circular sleeve and a second boss arranged at the top of the circular sleeve, the center of the second boss is provided with a second threaded hole, the inside of the circular sleeve is communicated with the second threaded hole, the inner diameter of the circular sleeve is larger than the aperture of the second threaded hole, the inner diameter of the circular sleeve is equal to the outer diameter of the first boss, and the apertures of the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole are equal; the feed screw nut is arranged in a bottom seat ring of the two-way thrust ball bearing, the first boss at the top of the feed screw nut penetrates through a shaft ring inner hole of the two-way thrust ball bearing and is connected with a circular sleeve of the nut sleeve arranged in a top seat ring of the two-way thrust ball bearing in an inserting mode, and the first threaded hole is aligned with the second threaded hole to form a threaded channel.
When the two-way thrust ball bearing is installed, the first boss of the feed screw nut sequentially penetrates through an inner hole of a shaft ring of the two-way thrust ball bearing and an inner hole of a circular sleeve of the nut sleeve, and is connected and fastened by using bolts, so that the feed screw nut, the two-way thrust ball bearing and the nut sleeve are combined into a kinematic pair, and a thread channel for the feed screw to penetrate is formed in the middle of the kinematic pair. When the nut sleeve is rotated, the feed screw nut and the shaft ring of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing synchronously rotate around the feed screw, so that the bearing support and the bottom plate are driven to do linear motion along the axial direction, and the function of separating or pushing the hollow shaft and the solid shaft of the speed reducer is realized.
Furthermore, a plurality of screw holes are uniformly distributed in the top of the first boss along the circumference, a plurality of threaded blind holes corresponding to the screw holes in the top of the first boss are uniformly distributed in the edge of the top of the inner wall of the circular sleeve along the circumference, and the first boss is inserted into the circular sleeve and then fastened through screws.
Furthermore, the second boss is a hexagonal boss, so that tools such as a wrench can be conveniently used for screwing.
Further, the lead screw is a trapezoidal thread lead screw, one end of the lead screw is a threaded end provided with a thread-shaped external thread, the threaded end is used for being connected with a threaded hole at the tail end of a solid shaft of the speed reducer, and the other end of the lead screw is an operating end provided with two symmetrical cutting surfaces. The cutting surface is convenient to be operated by clamping the screw rod by using tools such as a spanner and the like.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
the solid shaft of the screw rod and the speed reducer, the bottom plate and the end cover of the speed reducer are all connected by threads, so that the assembly and disassembly stress is more balanced, the connection is more reliable, the safety is higher, the operability is stronger, the equipment damage is avoided, and the disassembly and assembly operation of the speed reducer can be met. In addition, the rotary motion of the screw rod nut is converted into the linear motion of the bottom plate and the speed reducer along the axial direction of the solid shaft in a mode that a screw rod kinematic pair consisting of the screw rod and the screw rod nut is matched with the bidirectional thrust ball bearing, and compared with a mode that a screw rod of the puller is matched with a rotating handle, the transmission efficiency is higher, the operation is more labor-saving and more convenient, and the operation efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a quick release apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a half-sectional view of the quick release apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a base plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a bearing support;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional thrust ball bearing;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a feed screw nut;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the nut socket;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the quick release device connected to a reducer;
in the figure: the structure comprises a bottom plate 1, a groove 101, a first through hole 102, a mounting hole 103, a bearing support 2, a second through hole 201, a bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3, a seat ring 301, a shaft ring 302, a feed screw nut 4, a first threaded hole 401, a first boss 402, a nut sleeve 5, a second threaded hole 501, a second boss 502, a circular sleeve 503, a feed screw 6, a threaded end 601, an operating end 602, a mounting bolt 7, a reducer end cover 8, a solid shaft 9 and a hollow shaft 10.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-8, a quick dismounting device for a speed reducer comprises a base plate 1, a bearing support 2, a bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3, a feed screw nut 4, a nut sleeve 5 and a feed screw 6; the bottom plate 1 is fixedly installed on the end cover 8 of the speed reducer, the surface of the bottom plate 1 is provided with a groove 101, the center of the groove 101 is provided with a first through hole 102, the bearing support 2 is a cylinder with a hollow inner part, the top part is provided with a second through hole 201, the bottom part of the bearing support 2 is fixedly attached to the bottom plate 1, so that the inner part of the bearing support 2 and the groove 101 of the bottom plate 1 form a cylindrical cavity for installing the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3, and two seat rings 301 of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3 are respectively attached to the top part and the bottom part of the cylindrical cavity and are relatively fixed with the bottom plate 1 and the bearing support 2; the feed screw nut 4 and the nut sleeve 5 are respectively arranged in two seat rings 301 of the two-way thrust ball bearing 3, a shaft ring 302 of the two-way thrust ball bearing 3 is clamped and relatively fixed, and the top of the nut sleeve 5 extends out of a second through hole 201 of the bearing support 2; a first threaded hole 401 is formed in the center of the feed screw nut 4, a second threaded hole 501 is formed in the center of the nut sleeve 5, and the first threaded hole 401 and the second threaded hole 501 are aligned to form a threaded channel; the threaded end 601 of the screw rod 6 is in threaded connection with the solid shaft 9 of the speed reducer, and the operating end 602 passes through the first through hole 102 of the base plate 1 and is screwed into the threaded channel to penetrate out of the top of the nut sleeve 5.
When the screw nut sleeve 5 is rotated, the screw nut 4 and the shaft ring 302 of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3 synchronously rotate around the screw rod 6, so that the bearing support 2 and the bottom plate 1 are driven to do linear motion along the axial direction, and the function of separating or pushing the hollow shaft 10 of the speed reducer from or into the solid shaft 9 is realized.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the bottom plate 1 is a circular flat plate, and a groove 101 with a certain size and depth is formed in the middle of the circular flat plate to match with a race 301 for mounting the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3; the diameter of a first through hole 102 formed in the center of the groove 101 is larger than that of the screw rod 6; the bottom plate 1 is provided with a plurality of screw holes outwards from the edge of the groove 101, the screw holes are uniformly distributed along the circumference, are matched and correspond to the threaded blind holes of the bearing support 2, and are used for installing and connecting fastening bolts of the bearing support 2; the border that bottom plate 1 leaned on the outside is equipped with a plurality of mounting holes 103 along circumference evenly distributed, with the screw hole phase-match that the 8 planes of speed reducer end cover were reserved, mounting hole 103 passes through construction bolt 7 and fixes bottom plate 1 installation on speed reducer end cover 8, can follow not equidimension circumference and set up several different mounting holes 103 of group to satisfy the speed reducer dismouting of the multiple specification of adaptation. The bottom plate 1 can be made of aluminum alloy materials, so that the weight is reduced, and the installation and operation are convenient; the thickness of the base plate 1 is selected according to the actual force requirements.
Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the bearing support 2 is a specially-made cylinder, the bottom of the bearing support is provided with a flange, the bottom surface of the flange is provided with a plurality of blind threaded holes, the blind threaded holes are uniformly distributed along the circumference and matched with the threaded holes at the edge of the groove 101 on the bottom plate 1 for installing and connecting fastening bolts; the top of the bearing support 2 is provided with a second through hole 201 to ensure that a second boss 502 on the nut sleeve 5 can pass through; the inner diameter of the bearing support 2 is equal to the outer diameter of a seat ring 301 of the two-way thrust ball bearing 3, a cylindrical cavity formed by the bearing support 2 and the base plate 1 in a fit mode can just accommodate and mount the two-way thrust ball bearing 3, long-acting lubricating grease can be filled in the cavity, internal transmission parts are protected, and transmission resistance is further reduced; the bearing support 2 can be made of aluminum alloy materials, so that the weight is reduced, and the mounting operation is convenient; the wall thickness of the bearing support 2 is set according to the actual stress requirement.
Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3 may be a standard component available in the market, and the type and specification are selected according to actual conditions. The bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3 is arranged in a cylindrical cavity formed by the attachment of the bottom plate 1 and the bearing support 2; two races 301 of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3 are respectively matched and installed with the groove 101 of the bottom plate 1 and the bearing support 2, and the inner side of a shaft ring 302 of the bearing is clamped between the feed screw nut 4 and the nut sleeve 5. The bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3 is used for converting the rotation motion of the feed screw nut 4 into the linear motion of the bottom plate 1 in the axial direction.
Referring to fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the top of the feed screw nut 4 is provided with a cylindrical first boss 402, and the bottom of the feed screw nut 4 is provided with a flange; a first threaded hole 401 is formed in the center of the feed screw nut 4 for the thread of the feed screw 6 to penetrate out; the top of first boss 402 is equipped with a plurality of screw holes along circumference distribution for the bolt-up installation, and the screw bottom is equipped with bolt countersunk head recess. The feed screw nut 4 is made of tin-copper alloy materials, so that the wear resistance is ensured, and the transmission resistance is reduced.
Referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the lower portion of the nut sleeve 5 is a circular sleeve 503, and the diameter of the inner hole is equal to the outer diameter of the first boss 402 of the feed screw nut 4, and is in interference fit with the first boss 402; the depth of the inner hole is slightly larger than the height of the first boss 402 of the feed screw nut 4, and a plurality of threaded blind holes corresponding to the threaded holes at the top of the first boss 402 are uniformly distributed at the edge of the top of the inner wall of the circular sleeve 503 along the circumference for fastening and mounting bolts. The upper part of the nut sleeve 5 is provided with a hexagonal second boss 502, so that a wrench and other tools can be conveniently used for screwing; the center of the second boss 502 is provided with a second threaded hole 501, the inside of the circular sleeve 503 is communicated with the second threaded hole 501, the inner diameter of the circular sleeve 503 is larger than the aperture of the second threaded hole 501, the diameter of the second threaded hole 501 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the screw thread of the screw rod 6, and the aperture of the second threaded hole 501 is equal to the aperture of the first threaded hole 401 of the screw rod nut 4.
Referring to fig. 2, during installation, the feed screw nut 4 is placed in the bottom seat ring 301 of the two-way thrust ball bearing 3, the first boss 402 at the top of the feed screw nut sequentially penetrates into the inner hole of the shaft ring 302 of the two-way thrust ball bearing 3 and the circular sleeve 503 of the nut sleeve 5, and is connected and fastened by using bolts, so that the feed screw nut 4, the two-way thrust ball bearing 3 and the nut sleeve 5 are combined into a kinematic pair, and meanwhile, the first threaded hole 401 is aligned to the second threaded hole 501 and a threaded channel for the feed screw 6 to penetrate is formed in the middle of the threaded pair; when the nut sleeve 5 is rotated, the feed screw nut 4 and the shaft ring 302 of the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3 synchronously rotate around the feed screw 6 to drive the bearing support 2 and the bottom plate 1 to do linear motion along the axial direction, so that the function of separating or pushing the hollow shaft 10 and the solid shaft 9 of the speed reducer is realized.
Referring to fig. 1 and 8, in the present embodiment, the screw rod 6 is a specially-made trapezoidal thread screw rod, one end of the screw rod is a threaded end 601 provided with a standard thread-shaped external thread for connecting with a threaded hole at the end of the solid shaft 9 of the speed reducer, the other end of the screw rod is an operating end 602 provided with two symmetrical cutting surfaces at the end, and the cutting surfaces are convenient for clamping the screw rod 6 by using tools such as a wrench.
Referring to fig. 8, the process of disassembling or assembling the speed reducer according to the present invention is as follows:
when the speed reducer is disassembled, firstly, the threaded end 601 of the screw rod 6 is connected with the threaded hole at the tail end of the solid shaft 9 of the speed reducer; then, the nut sleeve 5 is rotated clockwise, the bottom plate 1 is adjusted to be attached to the end cover 8 of the speed reducer, the mounting hole 103 of the bottom plate 1 is aligned to the threaded hole of the end cover, and the bottom plate 1 and the speed reducer are connected into a whole by using the mounting bolt 7; and finally, the nut sleeve 5 is rotated anticlockwise by using a wrench, the feed screw nut 4 drives the bottom plate 1 to perform axial backspacing motion, and the separation of the hollow shaft 10 and the solid shaft 9 of the speed reducer is realized. In order to make the assembly and disassembly more stable and smooth, when the nut socket 5 is rotated, a wrench can be used to clamp two cutting surfaces of the operating end 602 of the screw rod 6.
When the speed reducer is installed, firstly, the bottom plate 1 is attached to the end cover 8 of the speed reducer, the installation hole 103 of the bottom plate 1 is aligned with the threaded hole of the end cover, and the bottom plate 1 and the speed reducer are connected into a whole by using the installation bolt 7; then, clamping two cutting surfaces of the operating end 602 of the screw rod 6 by using a spanner, and rotating clockwise until the threaded end 601 of the screw rod 6 is connected with the threaded hole at the tail end of the solid shaft 8; and finally, the nut sleeve 5 is rotated clockwise by using a wrench, the feed screw nut 4 drives the bottom plate 1 to perform axial feeding motion, and the solid shaft 9 is pushed into a hollow shaft 10 of the speed reducer to complete the installation of the speed reducer.
The quick dismounting device adopts a mode that the screw rod kinematic pair is matched with the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3, so that the rotary motion of the screw rod nut 4 is converted into the linear motion of the bottom plate 1 and the speed reducer along the axial direction of the solid shaft 9. The device is connected with the end cover 8 of the speed reducer and the solid shaft 9 in a threaded mode, so that the operation is convenient and fast, the installation is stable, and the dismounting stress of the speed reducer is balanced, safe and reliable;
compared with the prior art of dismounting and mounting the speed reducer by a puller, the screw rod 6 is connected with the solid shaft 9 of the speed reducer, the bottom plate 1 is connected with the end cover 8 of the speed reducer by threads, so that the dismounting and mounting stress is more balanced, the connection is more reliable, the safety is higher, the operability is stronger, the equipment damage is avoided, and the dismounting and mounting operation of the speed reducer can be simultaneously met. In addition, the rotary motion of the screw rod nut 4 is converted into the linear motion of the bottom plate 1 and the speed reducer along the axial direction of the solid shaft 9 in a mode that a screw rod kinematic pair consisting of the screw rod 6 and the screw rod nut 4 is matched with the bidirectional thrust ball bearing 3, and compared with a mode that a screw rod of a puller is matched with a rotary handle, the transmission efficiency is higher, the operation is more labor-saving and more convenient, and the operation efficiency is improved.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.