CN215858676U - A daylighting and ventilating flat roof for rural buildings suitable for cold climate areas - Google Patents
A daylighting and ventilating flat roof for rural buildings suitable for cold climate areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN215858676U CN215858676U CN202122287537.9U CN202122287537U CN215858676U CN 215858676 U CN215858676 U CN 215858676U CN 202122287537 U CN202122287537 U CN 202122287537U CN 215858676 U CN215858676 U CN 215858676U
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Abstract
一种适用于寒冷气候区的农村建筑采光通风平屋顶，包括混凝土现浇屋面和石膏板吊顶以及位于二者之间的空气间层，所述混凝土现浇屋面上开有与空气间层连通的竖直的采光通风孔，在侧墙墙面上开有与空气间层连通的可开闭水平通风孔。本发明针对当前寒冷地区农宅屋面的常规建造技术路径，通过较为简易的建造技术对现有屋面进行了有效的优化，既改善了室内全天采光效果，同时借助于空气间层及热压通风原理，可以有效改善夏季顶层过热造成的室内温度过高，降低制冷能耗。
A lighting and ventilation flat roof for rural buildings suitable for cold climate areas, comprising a concrete cast-in-place roof, a gypsum board suspended ceiling and an air space between the two, and the concrete cast-in-place roof is provided with a connection with the air space. Vertical lighting ventilation holes, openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes connected with the air space are opened on the side walls. Aiming at the current conventional construction technology path of farm house roofs in cold areas, the present invention effectively optimizes the existing roofs through relatively simple construction technology, which not only improves the indoor all-day lighting effect, but also relies on the air interlayer and hot pressure ventilation. The principle can effectively improve the indoor temperature caused by the overheating of the top layer in summer, and reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building energy conservation, relates to an energy-saving design of a building outer protective structure, and particularly relates to a rural building daylighting ventilation flat roof suitable for a cold climate area.
Background
The climate characteristics of the cold climate area show the characteristics of cold in winter and hot in summer, so the building design in the cold climate area not only improves the heat preservation performance of the building in winter, but also improves the ventilation effect of the building in summer, and prevents indoor overheating.
The building roof is the highest position of the building, indoor hot air can be gathered to the top layer part in winter and escapes outwards through the top; meanwhile, the building roof is also the part which can receive the solar radiation for the longest time, and is easy to overheat in summer.
At present, rural building roofs in cold regions are flat roofs, cast-in-place concrete is mostly adopted for building, people can go up and be influenced by economic factors for roof top layers, and therefore the roof heat loss in winter is serious due to the fact that heat preservation layer structures are lacked, the roof is overheated in summer, and therefore the indoor space close to the roof needs to be manually heated or refrigerated under adverse weather conditions, and building energy consumption is increased.
In addition, building rural buildings are limited by limited house base inter-opening relations, so that the building depth is large, the illumination of the position far away from the window opening is low under the condition that outdoor sunlight is sufficient in the daytime, and when the indoor function with high illumination is realized, the lamp still needs to be turned on, natural light cannot be fully utilized for illumination, and the building illumination energy consumption is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rural building daylighting and ventilating flat roof suitable for a cold climate area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a rural building daylighting ventilation flat roof suitable for cold climate district, includes cast-in-place roofing of concrete and gypsum board furred ceiling and is located the air interlayer between the two, it has the vertical daylighting ventilation hole with the air interlayer intercommunication to open on the cast-in-place roofing of concrete, but opens the horizontal ventilation hole of switching that has with the air interlayer intercommunication on the side wall.
The lighting ventilation barrel assembly is arranged in the lighting ventilation hole and comprises a lighting ventilation barrel main body, the lighting ventilation barrel main body comprises a barrel body, the top end of the barrel body extends out of a concrete cast-in-place roof and is provided with a rubber-lined glass cap, the bottom end edge of the barrel body is connected with a gypsum board suspended ceiling, an upper ventilation hole is formed in the part, located above the concrete cast-in-place roof, of the side face of the barrel body, and a lower ventilation hole is formed in the part, located below the concrete cast-in-place roof.
The lower vent hole is opposite to the openable horizontal vent hole.
The bottom of barrel sets up light-emitting component, light-emitting component includes ground glass, and ground glass sets up in the trompil of gypsum board furred ceiling, and its upper portion sets up paster LED, and paster LED passes through flexible wire and connects the lithium cell group.
The concrete cast-in-place roof is provided with a wind-proof cap main body around the barrel, the wind-proof cap main body is in a truncated square cone shape, the barrel is located under a truncated region, and the truncated area is smaller than or equal to the sectional area of the barrel.
The windproof cap main body comprises an integrated base, a solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the upper portion of the integrated base, the barrel is surrounded by the solar photovoltaic panel, the power output end of the solar photovoltaic panel is connected with the lithium battery pack, and a flashing hole and a drain hole are formed in the lower portion of the integrated base.
A waterproof platform is arranged on the concrete cast-in-place roof, the integrated base is arranged on the waterproof platform, and a silicone adhesive layer is arranged between the waterproof platform and the integrated base.
The number of the lighting vent holes is the same as that of the openable horizontal vent holes.
But be provided with the side wall ventilator cap subassembly in the switching horizontal ventilation hole, the side wall ventilator cap subassembly includes the switching ventilator cap.
The gypsum board suspended ceiling upper surface is provided with the aerogel carpet veneer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is suitable for the daylighting ventilation roof of the rural building in the cold climate area, has simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and is well suitable for the construction situation of vast rural areas. The invention is suitable for the current construction technical reality, and arranges the air space layer which plays the heat preservation and insulation functions between the concrete cast-in-place roof board and the plasterboard suspended ceiling, namely, the air space layer with the heat preservation and insulation effect is synchronously realized through necessary indoor decoration construction.
2. The daylighting ventilation roof is suitable for rural buildings in cold climate areas, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, effectively reduces indoor energy consumption, and improves indoor thermal comfort.
3. The invention relates to a lighting and ventilating roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climate areas, which can cool in summer and preserve heat in winter.
4. The invention relates to a lighting and ventilating roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climate areas, which adopts a composite heat preservation mode and effectively improves the thermal performance of the roof by utilizing the good heat insulation performance of a new material.
5. The invention relates to a lighting and ventilating roof suitable for rural buildings in cold climate areas, which makes full use of solar radiation, uses solar energy for improving all-day indoor lighting, and accelerates roof cooling in summer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roof of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a daylighting vent cartridge assembly of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the roof of the present invention in a summer working state.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the roof of the present invention operating in winter.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the working state of the natural lighting of the roof in the daytime.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the roof night artificial lighting working state of the invention.
In the figure: 1. concrete cast-in-place roofing; 2. an air space layer; 3. an aerogel blanket; 4. a gypsum board ceiling; 5. a lighting and ventilating barrel assembly; 6. a sidewall ventilator cap assembly; 12. a silicone adhesive layer; 31. t-shaped nails; 51. a lighting ventilator main body; 52. a storm cap body; 53. a light emitting assembly; 54. a waterproof platform; 55. a lighting vent hole; 61. the horizontal vent hole can be opened and closed; 62. opening and closing the ventilation cap; 511. a laminated glass cap; 512. an upper vent; 513. a barrel; 514. a lower vent hole; 521. a solar photovoltaic panel; 522. an integrated base; 523. flashing; 524. a drain hole; 531. a surface-mounted LED; 532. a lithium battery pack; 533. ground glass; 534. a flexible wire.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention, the detailed description being as follows.
As shown in figures 1-6, the invention relates to a rural building lighting and ventilating flat roof suitable for a cold climate area, which comprises a concrete cast-in-place roof 1 and a gypsum board suspended ceiling 4, and an air space 2 is formed between the concrete cast-in-place roof and the gypsum board suspended ceiling 4. Wherein, it has a plurality of vertical daylighting ventilation holes 55 with the 2 intercommunications in air space to open on the cast-in-place roofing of concrete 1, and daylighting ventilation hole 5 evenly arranges on cast-in-place roofing of concrete 1, and passes between cast-in-place roofing of concrete 1 and gypsum board furred ceiling 4, and obviously, daylighting ventilation hole 55 is for erecting the hole, simultaneously, still opens the horizontal ventilation hole 61 that can open and shut with the 2 intercommunications in air space on the side wall.
The lighting vent holes 55 are reserved in the cast-in-place process of the concrete cast-in-place roof 1, and the openable horizontal vent holes 61 can be opened at the positions of the side walls. The number of the lighting vents 55 may be the same as the number of the openable and closable horizontal vents 61. In the preferred parameters, the sum of the ventilation surface areas of the openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 is equal to the sum of the ventilation areas of the lighting ventilation holes 55 multiplied by 2. The openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 and the lighting ventilation holes 55 may be provided with a manual shutter opening and closing device.
4 upper surfaces of gypsum board furred ceiling can set up aerogel carpet veneer 3, and the specific accessible T shape nail 31 of aerogel carpet veneer 3 is effectively connected with gypsum board furred ceiling 4, and the heat preservation performance on roof can effectively be improved to the dual function of space interstration 2 and aerogel carpet veneer 3.
In practical application, the openable horizontal ventilation holes 61 can be uniformly arranged on two opposite main vertical surfaces of the rural building, such as a south vertical surface and a north vertical surface or an east vertical surface and a west vertical surface.
In practical application, the openable horizontal vent 61 is "high inside and low outside", and has a gradient of 10% or more from inside to outside, which is favorable for drainage.
The air space 2 can be heated and expanded under the action of solar radiation in summer to generate pressure to destroy the integrity of the gypsum board suspended ceiling 4, so that the openable horizontal vent holes 61 and the lighting vent holes 55 are arranged, and the overheated air can be taken away through the two types of vent holes; and secondly, the height difference exists between the lighting vent hole 55 and the openable horizontal vent hole 61, so that outdoor cold air can enter from the openable horizontal vent hole 61, take away redundant heat of an air space, change into hot air and then be discharged from the lighting vent hole 55. Under the action of ventilation air, cold outdoor air can enter the air space 2 from the openable horizontal ventilation hole 61 on one side of the building, and is discharged from the openable horizontal ventilation hole 61 on the other side of the building after heat is taken away. The two modes can effectively reduce the temperature of the air space and prevent the roof from being overheated, thereby improving the indoor thermal environment in summer.
Therefore, the air interlayer 2 can realize the exchange of super-cooling and hot air without additional energy under the condition of roof overheating in summer, discharges the overheated air, is completely realized through passive hot-pressing ventilation and convection ventilation, and belongs to a passive cooling mode. The air space 2 forms a relatively stable air layer by closing the openable and closable horizontal ventilation holes 61 and the lighting ventilation holes 55 in winter, so that the function of a heat preservation air layer is realized, the indoor thermal environment in winter is improved, and the air space belongs to a passive heat preservation mode.
Referring to fig. 2, a lighting ventilation barrel assembly 5 is built in the lighting ventilation hole 55, and the lighting ventilation barrel assembly 5 mainly includes a lighting ventilation barrel main body 51, a windshield cap main body 52, and a light emitting assembly 53. The diameter of the lighting vent 55 is slightly smaller than that of the lighting funnel main body 51.
The lighting ventilating duct main body 51 is cylindrical, and the plane diameter is 100 mm-150 mm. It is through the daylighting ventilation hole 55 embedding of reserving at the cast-in-place roofing of concrete, and it includes barrel 513, and the top of barrel 513 stretches out cast-in-place roofing 1 of concrete and sets up doubling glass cap 511, and the bottom edge is connected with gypsum board furred ceiling 4, and the part that the side of barrel 513 lies in cast-in-place roofing 1 top of concrete has opened ventilation hole 512, and the part that lies in cast-in-place roofing 1 below of concrete has opened ventilation hole 514 down, and ventilation hole 514 is relative with openable horizontal ventilation hole 61 down, can gain better ventilation effect. Wherein the ventilation area of the upper vent holes 512 may be equal to the ventilation area of the lower vent holes 514.
The wind cap main body 52 can shield the side crosswind and the crosswind raindrops for the lighting funnel main body 51, keep the peripheral wind pressure of the upper vent 512 small, continuously generate the hot-pressing ventilation effect, and simultaneously keep the inside of the lighting funnel main body 51 dry. Referring to fig. 2, the wind cap body 52 is disposed on the concrete cast-in-place roof 1 and surrounds the cylinder 513, and the cylinder 513 is in a truncated square cone shape, and the area of the truncated square cone is generally smaller than or equal to the sectional area of the cylinder 513.
The windshield main body 52 and the bottom of the lighting funnel main body 51 may be integrally formed, for example, by integrally molding a PVC material. In this embodiment, the thickness of the concrete cast-in-place roof 1 is 100mm, the surface layer is sloped by using a structure, the slope is 3% -5%, and natural drainage is realized. The windproof cap main body 52 comprises an integrated base 522, a waterproof platform 54 can be arranged on the concrete cast-in-place roof 1, the waterproof platform 54 is arranged around the lighting vent holes 55, the height is 30 mm-50 mm, and the plane size and the shape are consistent with those of the windproof cap main body 52. The integrated base 522 is arranged on the waterproof table 54, the solar photovoltaic panel 521 is connected above the integrated base 522, the barrel body 513 is surrounded by the solar photovoltaic panel 521, the solar photovoltaic panel 521 receives solar radiation and converts the solar radiation into electric energy, and lateral crosswind can be blocked by the lighting ventilating barrel main body 51. The power output end of the solar photovoltaic panel 521 is connected with the lithium battery pack 532, the bottom surface of the integrated base 522 is provided with a 10% gradient, the gradient direction points to the outside of the windproof cap main body 52, and the lower part of the integrated base 522 is provided with flashing 523 and a drain hole 524. Rainwater falling between the lighting funnel main body 51 and the windshield main body 52 can be rapidly discharged from the drainage hole 524, and the rainwater is effectively prevented from entering the room. The flashing 523 is realized by adopting a waterproof coiled material, and can be specifically arranged at the junction of the windproof cap main body 52 and the concrete cast-in-place roof 1 and the junction of the daylighting ventilating funnel main body 51 and the concrete cast-in-place roof 1, so that the waterproof performance of the roof is improved.
In this embodiment, a silicone adhesive layer 12 may be disposed between the integrated base 522 and the waterproof platform 54, and the silicone adhesive layer 12 may improve the adhesion between the lighting funnel assembly 5 and the waterproof platform 54, and simultaneously prevent water vapor from permeating into the air space layer 2 along the gap between the lighting ventilation hole 55 and the lighting funnel main body 51.
The light emitting assembly 53 is disposed at the bottom end of the cylinder 513 and comprises ground glass 533, the ground glass 533 is disposed in an opening of the gypsum board suspended ceiling 4, a patch LED531 is disposed at the upper portion of the ground glass, the patch LED531 is connected to the lithium battery set 532 through a flexible wire 534, and the lithium battery set 532 can be disposed outside the cylinder 513. The patch LEDs 531 are arranged on the plane at equal angles, and the number of the patch LEDs is 3 to 5.
The lighting and ventilation barrel assembly 5 can introduce natural light through the laminated glass cap 511 in the daytime, the light is reflected to the bottom through the inner wall (capable of coating a high-reflection coating) of the barrel 513, and diffuse reflection is formed through the frosted glass 533 to uniformly diffuse the natural light indoors, so that the indoor illumination in the daytime is improved. Daylighting ventilation section of thick bamboo subassembly 5 can make it luminous for paster LED531 provides electric power through lithium cell group 532 at night, and light sees through frosted glass 533 and gets into indoor, for indoor illumination at night that provides. And the lithium battery pack 532 can be charged by the solar photovoltaic panel 521 by using direct current generated by solar radiation in the daytime.
Side wall cowl assembly 6 is provided in openable horizontal ventilation hole 61, and side wall cowl assembly 6 includes switching cowl 62, and openable horizontal ventilation hole 61's diameter slightly is less than openable cowl 62.
The side wall ventilator cap assembly 6 is made of stainless steel or PVC, the inside is high, the outside is low, the horizontal gradient of the outside is 5%, and rainwater can be effectively prevented from permeating into the air interlayer 2. The air inlet position is downward and the upper position is provided with a rain-proof structure at the position connected with the outdoor.
Daytime in summer, the solar radiation will the cast-in-place roofing 1 of direct irradiation concrete, makes it heat up rapidly, and cast-in-place roofing 1 of concrete passes through thermal radiation heating air interlayer 2 again to can influence indoor hot travelling comfort, can cause the destruction that receives the air interlayer inflation and lead to plasterboard furred ceiling 4 simultaneously. The invention realizes the passive ventilation and heat insulation effect by the following measures:
in summer, open side wall ventilator cap subassembly 6 and last ventilation hole 512, form hot pressing ventilation and convection current ventilation, can discharge the overheated air of air interlayer 2 rapidly, alleviate indoor overheated, prevent the too high inflation of the inside temperature in air interlayer 2 simultaneously to produce pressure destruction gypsum board furred ceiling 4. After being heated and expanded, the cold air is discharged outdoors from the upper vent hole 512 under the action of hot-pressing ventilation, and meanwhile, new outdoor cold air continuously enters the air space 2 from the side wall ventilator cap assembly 6, so that heat is continuously taken away, and a continuous chimney effect is formed. On the other hand, the cold outdoor air can enter the air space 2 from the side wall ventilator cap assembly 6 on the facade on one side of the building to take away heat, and is exhausted outdoors from the side wall ventilator cap assembly 6 on the other side of the facade of the building under the action of ventilation air. Under the effect of dual ventilation heat transfer, the unnecessary heat of air interbed 2 will be taken away under the effect of passive form ventilation technique constantly to realize the passive form ventilation effect of air interbed 2 in summer, improve the indoor thermal comfort in summer.
The passive heat preservation effect is realized by means of the following measures:
in winter, close side wall ventilator cap subassembly 6 and last ventilation hole 512, guarantee that the inside air in space interlayer 2 is stable, form confined air heat preservation, reduce the coefficient of heat conductivity of whole roofing part, guarantee that indoor temperature is stable. The overall thermal performance of the roof can play the combined effect of the concrete cast-in-place roof 1, the air interlayer 2, the aerosol felt layer 3 and the gypsum board suspended ceiling 4, and the roof has a better heat preservation effect.
In conclusion, the invention effectively improves the problem of roof overheating in summer and simultaneously improves the heat preservation and insulation efficiency of the roof in winter; meanwhile, the invention can fully utilize natural lighting in the daytime to improve the indoor lighting condition, convert sunlight in the daytime into chemical energy of the battery and convert the sunlight into electric energy at night to provide indoor lighting.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122287537.9U CN215858676U (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | A daylighting and ventilating flat roof for rural buildings suitable for cold climate areas |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122287537.9U CN215858676U (en) | 2021-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | A daylighting and ventilating flat roof for rural buildings suitable for cold climate areas |
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| CN215858676U true CN215858676U (en) | 2022-02-18 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113622605A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Rural building daylighting ventilation flat roof suitable for cold climate district |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113622605A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-09 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Rural building daylighting ventilation flat roof suitable for cold climate district |
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