Kitchen waste on-site treatment equipment
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to kitchen waste on-site treatment equipment.
Background
Along with the continuous urban development and the improvement of the living standard of people in China, the garbage production amount is increased every year, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by the garbage is more and more serious.
The municipal solid waste mainly comprises residential solid waste, commercial waste, waste generated in daily life in public places, schools, factories and the like, and solid waste generated in the process of providing services for municipal life. According to the statistics of the annual book of Chinese statistics in 2017, the national domestic garbage clearing and transporting amount is about 2.5 multiplied by 108t every year, the urban domestic garbage has great harm to the environment, the atmospheric environment, underground water sources, soil, crops and other aspects can cause pollution, the life and health of urban residents can be influenced, and some harm is difficult to eliminate after being caused.
In order to better realize sustainable development, the environmental protection is continuously increased, the treatment of urban domestic garbage is more urgent, and the technical requirements on the harmless treatment and recycling of garbage are higher. At present, garbage classification treatment is carried out in 46 cities in China, but the implementation modes of the cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and the like which carry out garbage classification are mainly carried out by propaganda and on-site supervision, and in this case, only one primary classification problem can be solved, and the treatment is carried out in a garbage yard. The treatment problem does not have a satisfactory treatment solution.
There are three main treatment modes in China: 1. burying; 2. composting; 3. and (5) burning. The three treatment modes require land occupation for filling and treatment, and the compost treatment is used for sorting and classifying the garbage. Incineration is recognized as a preferred treatment, and combustion is said to release heat energy, which can be used for heat recovery to supply heat or generate electricity. However, this statement may ignore how much heat is consumed to burn the very high moisture content kitchen waste and may be irreparable.
The kitchen waste is one of the most abundant domestic waste, is edible residue of people, has complex components, and is cleaned every day, and if not cleaned in time, the kitchen waste causes pollution to the environment. Meanwhile, kitchen waste can generate secondary pollution in the transportation process, the generated peculiar smell has great influence on surrounding residents, and the kitchen waste treatment is the key of the whole waste treatment. If the problem is solved, most of the remaining other garbage is available and can be easily disposed.
There are also a number of patents on kitchen waste treatment methods and apparatus in this regard, but most are directed to domestic in-line treatment. Firstly, the family needs to buy the order by himself, so that the popularization difficulty is increased; secondly, the garbage treatment device is not provided with a matched installation position, so that the waste discharge is difficult and the cleaning is troublesome, and the garbage after treatment needs to be placed outside a building; thirdly, if the kitchen garbage is directly discharged into a sewer after being crushed, the oil stain is large, and the pipeline is easy to block. Therefore, at present, kitchen waste on-site treatment equipment is urgently needed, the problems of kitchen waste pollution and difficult treatment are solved, and the kitchen waste on-site treatment equipment has great significance for environmental protection in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to solve the problems that the existing excrement circulating system in a city is fully utilized for discharging and conveying, kitchen waste is convenient to treat in place in communities, dining halls and the like, the difficulty in collection and transportation is greatly reduced, the collection and transportation cost is reduced, secondary pollution in the transportation process can be effectively reduced, the existing old mode that kitchen waste is transported to a garbage yard for treatment is solved, and the problems of large occupied space and high cost of equipment are solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: kitchen waste on-site treatment equipment comprises a code scanning and cover opening device, a monitoring device, a crushing barrel, a primary crushing device, a cleaning device, a heating and heat preserving device, a secondary crushing device, a collecting device and a discharge port,
the code scanning and cover opening device, the primary crushing device, the secondary crushing device and the driving motor are sequentially arranged on the crushing barrel from top to bottom, the code scanning and cover opening device comprises a motor, a rotary cover plate and a safety control module, the safety control module comprises a safety module and a control module, the rotary cover plate is arranged on a hopper at the top of the crushing barrel and is driven to rotate by the motor, and the hopper is of a funnel-shaped structure, so that kitchen garbage can conveniently enter the crushing barrel, and garbage residue is avoided; the rotary cover plate blocks the air circulation between the crushing cylinder and the external space, and can effectively prevent the odor in the crushing cylinder from diffusing. The hopper is of a funnel-shaped structure, so that kitchen garbage can enter the crushing barrel conveniently; the hopper is provided with a cleaning device, the cleaning device comprises a water pipe fixedly connected with the inner wall of the hopper and a water storage barrel arranged on the outer side of the hopper, and the water storage barrel and the crushing barrel are both provided with heating and heat-preserving devices, so that the heating and heat-preserving functions are realized, and the normal operation of equipment is prevented from being influenced by icing due to low temperature in winter;
the primary crushing device is arranged at an inlet of the crushing barrel and comprises a plurality of reamers, the reamers are generally arranged into an even number, two reamers form a feed port in pairs, a pair of small-sized equipment can be adopted, more than two pairs of large-sized equipment can be adopted, a driving mechanism of the primary crushing device comprises a driving motor, a coupling and a speed reducer, gears are arranged at the corresponding end parts of each transmission shaft, two reamers are meshed with each other, the other end of the first transmission shaft is connected with the speed reducer, the driving motor and the speed reducer are arranged on one side of the primary crushing device, so that rotating shafts of the two adjacent reamers rotate relatively, and kitchen waste is crushed primarily;
the secondary crushing device is arranged above the bottom cover, a main shaft of the secondary crushing device is sequentially provided with a bearing sleeve, a planet carrier and blades from bottom to top, the bearing sleeve and the main shaft rotate relatively, the bearing sleeve is provided with a sun gear, the planet carrier is provided with a plurality of through holes which are uniformly distributed, the through holes are rotatably connected with a driven shaft, the driven shaft is fixedly connected with a plurality of blades, the blades on the main shaft and the blades on the driven shaft are distributed in a staggered manner, the driven shaft is provided with a shaft sleeve I with a supporting plate, a shaft sleeve II with a waterproof baffle is arranged above the shaft sleeve I, so that the problem that sewage enters the shaft sleeve I to influence the service life of parts is avoided, the bottom of the driven shaft is provided with a planetary gear, the planetary gear and the sun gear are arranged in a meshed manner, and a driving mechanism of the secondary crushing device comprises a driving motor and a speed reducer, the driving motor and the speed reducer are arranged at the bottom of the crushing barrel, the planet carrier is driven to rotate through the main shaft, the planet carrier drives the driven shafts which are uniformly distributed to revolve, and meanwhile, due to the meshing action of the planetary gear and the sun gear, the driven shafts revolve and rotate at the same time, so that the kitchen waste is crushed more fully;
still the rigid coupling has a plurality of cone stock guide on the inner wall of broken section of thick bamboo circumference, and blade and the crisscross distribution of cone stock guide on the driven shaft to make kitchen waste can be followed a blade and dropped on next blade, broken bobbin base portion is close to circumference department and is equipped with a plurality of drain mouths, smashes kitchen waste after the pulp and drops in the collection device of broken bobbin base portion through the drain mouth, because the slope of collection device bottom plate is placed, so kitchen waste collects the discharge port along with rivers, discharges through the pipeline at last.
After the water level in the water storage barrel reaches a certain position, the cleaning device is started, and the scouring force of water is increased.
The blades on the main shaft and the driven shaft are arranged in the crushing barrel in a staggered mode, so that kitchen waste is crushed more fully.
The driven shaft is provided with waterproof baffle's axle sleeve II with the planet carrier junction, has avoided inside sewage entering axle sleeve and has influenced spare part life.
The secondary crushing device adopts a planetary structure, the driving motor drives the main shaft to rotate, and the main shaft drives the planet carrier connected with the main shaft to rotate, so that the driven shaft revolves around the main shaft, and simultaneously, the driven shafts which are uniformly distributed revolve and rotate simultaneously due to the meshing action of the planetary gear and the sun gear below the driven shafts.
The planet carrier sets up to the circular slab, and partial rubbish will be thrown away because of the centrifugal force effect after falling the planet carrier, can prevent that remaining rubbish from dropping and carrying out inside the star mechanism.
The top of the hopper is provided with a monitoring device which is a camera.
Broken section of thick bamboo outer wall and water storage bucket all are provided with heating heat preservation device, have avoided winter to lead to freezing in the broken section of thick bamboo to influence the reducing mechanism and normally work because of the temperature is low excessively.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1) the key point of the solution of the utility model is that kitchen waste is treated on site, the existing excrement circulating system in the city is fully utilized for discharging, outward transportation is not needed, and the transportation cost and the pollution in the transportation process are reduced.
2) The utility model provides two processing modes: firstly, a methane tank is built below the garbage treatment equipment, and the crushed garbage is directly fed into the methane tank for anaerobic fermentation after being added with water, so that methane is generated to realize resource recycling. Secondly, the smashed kitchen garbage is directly discharged into a pipeline of the septic tank, and other auxiliary facilities do not need to be built.
3) The garbage sorting and garbage disposal system is provided with the code scanning and cover opening device and the monitoring device, manual monitoring is not needed, the code scanning and cover opening device and the monitoring device can urge a user to sort garbage and then put the garbage into garbage disposal equipment, and pressure of sorting management work is reduced.
4) The utility model can realize the disposal after pouring, has no time for storing and transporting the garbage, does not rot and become smelly, and purifies the air environment.
5) The device adopts the control of opening the cover for throwing, closing the cover for crushing and not leaving the non-closed cover by hands, and has reliable safety.
6) The utility model adopts two-stage crushing of coarse powder and fine powder, the rotational speed of a coarse powder cutter is slower, the quality of the cutter is rigid, any kitchen garbage such as bones, bamboo sticks and even iron blocks can be cut off, and the crushed garbage is ensured not to have large blocks.
7) The secondary crushing device adopts a planetary gear structure, realizes simultaneous revolution and rotation of the driven shaft by using one driving motor, has optimized structure and has no dead angle for crushing.
8) The utility model is provided with the cone material guide plate and the layered arrangement of the planet structure, so that the cut material automatically generates inner and outer rotational flow movement when working, and the probability of being cut by the knife is greatly increased.
9) The cleaning device is arranged in the crushing cylinder, so that the cleanness of the interior of the device is ensured, and the peculiar smell generated in the crushing cylinder can be effectively prevented.
10) The control module of the code scanning and cover opening device is provided with the safety module, and if the torque measured by the rotary cover plate in the closing process is too large, the motor can automatically rotate reversely, so that clamping damage is prevented, and accidents are avoided.
11) The bottom plate of the collecting device at the bottom of the crushing cylinder is obliquely arranged, so that crushed kitchen waste can be collected to the discharge port, and the waste residue is avoided.
12) According to the utility model, the heating and heat-insulating devices are arranged on the outer walls of the water storage barrel and the crushing barrel, so that the phenomenon that the normal operation of the crushing device is influenced by the icing in the crushing barrel due to the over-low temperature in winter is avoided.
The utility model has the functions of classification monitoring, safety guarantee, self-cleaning, heating and heat preservation, tearing and breaking, fine powder slurrying, flushing and discharging and fault alarm.
Drawings
The advantages and realisation of the utility model will be more apparent from the following detailed description, given by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are given for the purpose of illustration only, and which are not to be construed in any way as limiting the utility model, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the secondary crushing apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a two stage crushing apparatus of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a front view of the reamer of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the code-scanning lid-opening device of the present invention
FIG. 8 is a top view of the rotating cover plate of the present invention
In the figure:
1. first-level crushing device 2, crushing barrel 3 and second-level crushing device
4. Speed reducer 5, material leakage opening 6 and driving motor
7. Frame body 8, sweep sign indicating number device of uncapping 9, water pipe
10. Conical material guide plate 11, collecting device 12 and discharge port
13. Blade 14, main shaft 15, planet carrier
16. Shaft sleeve I17, planetary gear 18 and driven shaft
19. Shaft sleeve II 20, sun gear 21 and bearing sleeve
22. Rotary cover plate 23, motor 24 and safety control module
25. Reamer 26, electric heating wire 27 and heat-insulating layer
28. Water storage bucket
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the technical scheme of the utility model for on-site treatment of kitchen waste is suitable for occasions such as living districts, dining squares, collective dining halls, hotels and restaurants, food streets and the like, and comprises the following steps:
step one, a user scans a code to open a kitchen waste on-site treatment equipment throwing port;
step two, throwing garbage, and supervising a user to sort the garbage by a monitoring device and then throwing the garbage;
thirdly, crushing and slurrying the garbage through a multi-stage crushing mechanism, namely a first-stage crushing device and a second-stage crushing device;
step four, the discharge mode has two kinds: firstly, the pulped garbage is flushed by water and discharged to a septic tank through a special pipeline; secondly, a biogas pool is constructed in a matching way, and the crushed garbage is discharged into the biogas pool for anaerobic fermentation to generate biogas for realizing resource recycling.
The method comprises the steps that a user sweeps a code to open a feeding port of kitchen waste on-site treatment equipment, a monitoring device monitors classified feeding of the user, fine powder of the kitchen waste is pulped through multi-stage crushing of the kitchen waste treatment equipment, and finally the crushed waste is directly discharged into a methane tank to be subjected to anaerobic fermentation to generate methane so as to realize resource recycling; or the pulped garbage is flushed by water and discharged to a septic tank through a pipeline.
As shown in fig. 3 to 8, the kitchen waste in-situ treatment equipment comprises a code scanning and cover opening device 8, a monitoring device, a crushing barrel 2, a primary crushing device 1, a cleaning device, a heating and heat preserving device, a secondary crushing device 3, a collecting device 11 and a discharge port 12, wherein the code scanning and cover opening device 8, the primary crushing device 1, the secondary crushing device 3 and a driving motor 6 are sequentially installed on the crushing barrel 2 from top to bottom, the code scanning and cover opening device 8 comprises a motor 23, a rotating cover plate 22 and a safety control module 24, the safety control module comprises a safety module and a control module, the rotating cover plate 22 is arranged on a hopper at the top of the crushing barrel 2, a two-dimensional code is arranged on the rotating cover plate 22 and is driven to rotate by the motor 23, and the hopper is of a funnel-shaped structure, so that kitchen waste can conveniently enter the inside of the crushing barrel, and waste residue is avoided; the rotary cover plate 22 blocks the air circulation between the crushing cylinder 2 and the external space, and the odor in the crushing cylinder can be effectively prevented from being emitted. The hopper is of a funnel-shaped structure, so that kitchen garbage can enter the crushing barrel 2 conveniently; the hopper is provided with a cleaning device, the cleaning device comprises a water pipe 9 fixedly connected with the inner wall of the hopper and a water storage barrel 28 arranged on the outer side of the hopper, and the water storage barrel 28 and the crushing barrel 2 are both provided with heating and heat-preserving devices, so that the heating and heat-preserving functions are realized, and the normal work of equipment is prevented from being influenced by icing due to low temperature in winter; the heating and heat-insulating device comprises an electric heating wire 26 and a heat-insulating layer 27;
the primary crushing device 1 is arranged at an inlet of the crushing barrel 2, the primary crushing device 1 comprises a plurality of reamers 25, the reamers 25 are generally arranged into an even number, two reamers form a feed port in pairs, a pair of small-sized equipment can be adopted, more than two pairs of large-sized equipment can be adopted, a driving mechanism of the primary crushing device 1 comprises a driving motor, a coupler and a speed reducer, gears are arranged at the corresponding end parts of each transmission shaft, all the gears are meshed with each other in pairs, the other end of the first transmission shaft is connected with the speed reducer, the driving motor and the speed reducer are arranged on one side of the primary crushing device 1, so that rotating shafts of two adjacent reamers 25 rotate relatively, and kitchen waste is primarily crushed;
the secondary crushing device 3 is arranged above the bottom cover, a bearing sleeve 21, a planet carrier 15 and blades 13 are sequentially arranged on a main shaft 14 of the secondary crushing device 3 from bottom to top, the bearing sleeve 21 and the main shaft 14 rotate relatively, a sun gear 20 is arranged on the bearing sleeve 21, four through holes which are uniformly distributed are formed in the planet carrier 15, the through holes are rotatably connected with a driven shaft 18, three blades 13 are fixedly connected to the driven shaft 18, the blades on the main shaft 14 and the blades on the driven shaft 18 are distributed in a staggered manner, a shaft sleeve I16 with a supporting plate is arranged on the driven shaft 18, a shaft sleeve II 19 with a waterproof baffle is arranged above the shaft sleeve I16, so that the influence of sewage entering the inside of the shaft sleeve I16 on the service life of parts is avoided, a planetary gear 17 is arranged at the bottom of the driven shaft 18, the planetary gear 17 and the sun gear 20 are meshed, a driving mechanism of the secondary crushing device 3 comprises a driving motor 6 and a speed reducer 4, the driving motor 6 and the reducer 4 are arranged at the bottom of the crushing barrel 2, the planet carrier 15 is driven to rotate through the main shaft 14, the planet carrier 15 drives the driven shafts 18 which are uniformly distributed to revolve, and simultaneously, due to the meshing action of the planetary gear 17 and the sun gear 20, the driven shafts 18 revolve and rotate at the same time, so that the kitchen waste is crushed more fully;
still the rigid coupling has a plurality of cone stock guide 10 on the 2 circumference inner walls of broken section of thick bamboo, blade and the crisscross distribution of cone stock guide 10 on the driven shaft 18, so that rubbish from cooking can fall to next blade on from last blade, 2 bottoms of broken section of thick bamboo are close to circumference department and are equipped with a plurality of drain holes 5, rubbish from cooking after smashing the pulp drops in the collection device 11 of 2 bottoms of broken section of thick bamboo through drain hole 5, because collection device 11 bottom plate slope is placed, rubbish from cooking collects discharge port 12 along with rivers, discharge through the pipeline at last.
The cleaning device is started after the water level in the water storage barrel 28 reaches a certain position, and the scouring force of water is increased.
The blades 13 on the main shaft 14 and the driven shaft 18 are arranged in a staggered mode in the crushing barrel 2, so that the kitchen waste is crushed more fully.
The shaft sleeve II 19 of waterproof baffle is arranged at the joint of the driven shaft 18 and the planet carrier 15, so that the influence of sewage into the inside of the shaft sleeve on the service life of parts is avoided.
The secondary crushing device adopts a planetary structure, the driving motor 6 drives the main shaft 14 to rotate, the main shaft 14 drives the planet carrier 15 connected with the main shaft to rotate, so that the driven shafts 18 revolve around the main shaft 14, and simultaneously, the four uniformly distributed driven shafts 18 rotate while revolving due to the meshing action of the planetary gear 17 and the sun gear 20 below the driven shafts 18.
The planet carrier 15 is set to be a circular plate, and partial garbage is thrown out after falling to the planet carrier due to the action of centrifugal force, so that residual garbage can be prevented from falling to the inside of the planet mechanism.
The top of the hopper is provided with a monitoring device which is a camera.
The heating and heat-insulating devices are arranged on the outer wall of the crushing barrel 2 and the water storage barrel 28, so that the phenomenon that the normal work of the crushing device is influenced by the fact that the freezing in the crushing barrel is caused by too low temperature in winter is avoided.
The working principle and the working flow of the embodiment are as follows:
the parts of each part are installed according to the mode, a user scans codes to open the rotary cover plate 22, kitchen waste is poured into the hopper under the supervision of the classification supervision device, after the kitchen waste is put in, the user confirms that the putting in is finished at the client, the rotary cover plate 22 is closed dynamically, if the motor 23 is detected to have overlarge torque in the closing process, the motor 23 can be reversed rapidly, and the clamping accident is prevented. After the rotary cover plate 33 is closed, the equipment starts, kitchen waste enters between the two groups of reamers 25 under the action of gravity, and under the relative rotation of the two groups of reamers 25, the kitchen waste is primarily crushed in the primary crushing device 1; kitchen waste falls onto the upper blade of the main shaft 14 under the action of gravity, the kitchen waste which is primarily crushed is thrown onto the first conical material guide plate 10 under the action of centrifugal force, the kitchen waste slides onto the first blade of the driven shaft 18 under the action of water flow scouring and gravity, the kitchen waste falls onto the second conical material guide plate 10 under the action of centrifugal force, then the kitchen waste finally falls onto the bottom cover of the crushing barrel 2 under the action of gravity and water flow scouring and falling onto the second blade … … of the driven shaft, and the kitchen waste is crushed once in the process of falling onto the next blade from the conical material guide plate 10, so that the kitchen waste is crushed for a plurality of times in the secondary crushing device and finally flows to the discharge port 12 through the collecting device 11.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention should be covered by the present patent.