CN215643731U - Device for treating radioactive waste by plasma - Google Patents
Device for treating radioactive waste by plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN215643731U CN215643731U CN202121730507.4U CN202121730507U CN215643731U CN 215643731 U CN215643731 U CN 215643731U CN 202121730507 U CN202121730507 U CN 202121730507U CN 215643731 U CN215643731 U CN 215643731U
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- Prior art keywords
- furnace body
- radioactive waste
- slag
- plasma
- plasma processing
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- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001098 inconels 690 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for treating radioactive waste by using plasma, relates to the technical field of radioactive waste treatment devices, and solves the problems that the service life of a furnace body is prolonged and nuclide migration is inhibited in the conventional technology for treating low-radioactive waste by using plasma. The waste material enters from the top of the furnace body, and the flue gas and the waste material are subjected to countercurrent contact heat exchange in the furnace body and then flow out from the top of the furnace body; the furnace body includes the molten bath of its bottom intercommunication, and the molten bath lateral wall is the water-cooling wall, and the bottom is equipped with the slag notch, and slag notch department is equipped with slag discharging device, still is equipped with a plurality of plasma torches that are located between furnace body and the slag notch in the molten bath, and plasma torch heats the rubbish bed of material in the molten bath. The temperature of the medium-low radioactive waste can be controlled, organic matters in the waste are pyrolyzed into volatile matters, nuclide migration is inhibited, and the service life of the furnace body is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of radioactive waste treatment devices, in particular to a device for treating radioactive waste by using plasma.
Background
With the rapid development of nuclear technology, radioactive substances are increasingly widely applied in the fields of nuclear power generation, medical treatment and the like, and play an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of national economy and scientific technology. While the radioactive materials make great contribution to the progress of human beings, a large amount of radioactive waste is inevitably brought.
The plasma technology is one of the most promising technologies in the field of radioactive waste treatment, and the existing technology for treating low-radioactivity waste by using plasma mostly only remains how to reduce the volume of the low-radioactivity waste by using the plasma technology to form a vitreous body, and does not solve the problems of how to prolong the service life of a furnace body, how to inhibit nuclide migration and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a device for treating radioactive waste by plasma, which can control the temperature of medium-low radioactive waste, pyrolyze organic matters in the waste into volatile matters, inhibit nuclide migration and prolong the service life of a furnace body.
The technical purpose of the utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
a device for treating radioactive wastes by plasma comprises an updraft furnace body, wherein the wastes enter from the top of the furnace body, and flue gas is in countercurrent contact with the wastes in the furnace body for heat exchange and then flows out from the top of the furnace body;
the furnace body includes the molten bath of its bottom intercommunication, and the molten bath lateral wall is the water-cooling wall, and the bottom is equipped with the slag notch, and slag notch department is equipped with slag discharging device, still is equipped with a plurality of plasma torches that are located between furnace body and the slag notch in the molten bath, and plasma torch heats the rubbish bed of material in the molten bath.
Furthermore, the furnace body shell is detachably connected above the molten pool.
Furthermore, an air distribution port for supplying air is arranged in the furnace body.
Furthermore, a heating device for increasing the temperature of the slag outlet is arranged in the molten pool.
Still further, the heating device includes an auxiliary electrode within the molten bath.
Still further, the heating device comprises an electromagnetic induction heater.
Furthermore, the slag tapping device comprises an overflow edge positioned at the bottom in the molten pool, and the overflow edge is blocked at one side of the slag tapping hole close to the plasma torch.
Further, the tapping device comprises a bottom tapping channel extending downwards at the tapping opening.
Further, the tapping means comprises a sliding discharge gate valve at the tap hole.
Furthermore, the water-cooled wall comprises two sets of water-cooled systems which are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the slag line,
in conclusion, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1) a garbage stacking layer is established through an updraft furnace body, flue gas is discharged from the top of the furnace, the temperature of the medium-low radioactive waste is controlled to be lower than the temperature of nuclide migration, organic matters in the waste are pyrolyzed into volatile matters, the temperature of a flue gas outlet is lower than 400 ℃, and the nuclide migration is inhibited.
2) The water-cooled wall is divided into an upper part and a lower part by a slag line for control, thereby ensuring the flow of slag in the molten pool and prolonging the service life of the molten pool.
3) The mode of adopting auxiliary electrode or induction heating slag has reduced the condition that the slag notch blockked up, has guaranteed that slag discharging system is smoothly slagging tap.
4) Three slag discharging modes are provided, and slag is discharged from the bottom or is discharged from the overflow or is discharged from the sliding gate valve, so that the slag is conveniently discharged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of example 3 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a furnace body; 2. a hot wall structure; 3. an air distribution opening; 4. a plasma torch; 51. an auxiliary electrode; 52. an electromagnetic induction heater; 61. an overflow edge; 62. a slag discharge passage; 63. sliding a discharging gate valve; 7. a molten bath.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and the present embodiment is not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
Example 1:
a device for treating radioactive wastes by using plasma is shown in figure 1 and comprises an updraft type furnace body 1, wherein the upper part of the furnace body 1 is provided with a feed inlet and a smoke outlet, the radioactive wastes enter from the top of the furnace body 1 to establish a garbage stacking layer, and smoke and the wastes are subjected to countercurrent contact heat exchange in the furnace body 1 and then flow out from the top of the furnace body 1; the garbage stack layer reduces the temperature of the flue gas to below 400 ℃, and effectively inhibits the nuclide of the radioactive waste from migrating into the gas.
The furnace body 1 comprises a hot wall structure 2 and an air distribution port 3 for air supply, wherein the hot wall structure 2 is made of refractory materials, the air distribution port 3 adopts multi-stage air supply and is provided with 1-2 layers, so that the energy consumption is reduced, the bridging phenomenon is avoided, and the working condition in the furnace is improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the furnace body 1 further comprises a molten pool 7 communicated with the bottom of the furnace body, in the embodiment, the outer shell of the hot wall structure 2 is detachably connected above the molten pool 7 through a flange, and the high-temperature area is separated through the split structure, so that the maintenance is convenient;
wherein, the side wall of the melting bath 7 is a water-cooled wall, the bottom melting bath 7 is cooled by a water-cooled jacket, a water-cooled slag-adhering protective refractory material is adopted, and the refractory material is preferably SiC or Cr2O3The temperature of the molten pool 7 is controlled within a reasonable range by using a refractory material, so that the service life of the molten pool 7 is prolonged;
and the water-cooled wall comprises two sets of water-cooling systems which are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the slag line, the slag line is the surface of the slag and represents the liquid level of the slag, the slag line is taken as an interface, the control systems of the two water-cooled walls are arranged to respectively control the upper water-cooling system and the lower water-cooling system, the cooling protection is carried out on the bottom molten pool 7 by adopting a water-cooling jacket mode, and the service life of the bottom molten pool 7 is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 1, a slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the molten pool 7, and a slag discharging device is arranged at the slag outlet to effectively avoid slag blockage and smoothly discharge slag; a plurality of plasma torches 4 positioned between the hot wall structure 2 and the slag outlet are also arranged in the molten pool 7, and the plasma torches 4 heat a garbage material layer in the molten pool 7; the number of plasma torches 4 may be more than one according to power requirements, kind of waste, etc.
As shown in fig. 1, the slag tapping device of the embodiment comprises an overflow edge 61 at the bottom and a retaining edge at the top in the molten pool 7, wherein the overflow edge 61 is retained at the side of a slag tap hole close to the plasma torch 4 so as to maintain the slag level; the flange is used for reducing heat loss and is positioned at an obliquely upper position on one side of the overflow edge 61 far away from the slag outlet.
As shown in fig. 1, a heating device for increasing the temperature of the slag hole is arranged in the molten pool 7 to heat the slag at the slag hole, so as to reduce the viscosity of the melt, improve the fluidity of the slag and reduce the blockage of the slag hole. In this embodiment, the heating means comprises an auxiliary electrode 51 within the molten bath 7, the auxiliary electrode 51 being located between the flood edge 61 and the plasma torch 4 and being located adjacent to the flood edge 61.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment has substantially the same structure as embodiment 1, except that:
the slag tapping device comprises a bottom slag tapping channel 62 extending downwards at a slag tapping hole, and inconel 690, 693 or 601 is adopted as the material of the slag tapping channel 62; the heating means comprises an electromagnetic induction heater 52 at the bottom of the tapping channel 62.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment has substantially the same structure as embodiment 1, except that:
the heating device is not arranged for auxiliary heating, the slag discharging device comprises a sliding discharging gate valve 63 at the slag outlet, and the sliding discharging gate valve 63 is provided with a water cooling structure so as to prolong the service life of the valve.
While the utility model has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for plasma processing radioactive waste, comprising: the waste material enters from the top of the furnace body (1), and the flue gas and the waste material are subjected to countercurrent contact heat exchange in the furnace body (1) and then flow out from the top of the furnace body (1);
the furnace body (1) includes molten bath (7) of its bottom intercommunication, and molten bath (7) lateral wall is the water-cooled wall, and the bottom is equipped with the slag notch, and slag notch department is equipped with slag discharging device, still is equipped with a plurality of plasma torches (4) that are located between furnace body (1) and the slag notch in molten bath (7), and plasma torch (4) heat the rubbish bed of material in molten bath (7).
2. An apparatus for plasma processing radioactive waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shell of the furnace body (1) is detachably connected above the molten pool (7).
3. An apparatus for plasma processing of radioactive waste as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: and a wind distribution opening (3) for supplying wind is arranged in the furnace body (1).
4. An apparatus for plasma processing radioactive waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a heating device for improving the temperature of the slag outlet is arranged in the molten pool (7).
5. An apparatus for plasma processing radioactive waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the heating device comprises an auxiliary electrode (51) in the melt pool (7).
6. An apparatus for plasma processing radioactive waste as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the heating device includes an electromagnetic induction heater (52).
7. An apparatus for plasma processing of radioactive waste as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the slag discharging device comprises an overflow edge (61) positioned at the bottom in the molten pool (7), and the overflow edge (61) is arranged on one side of the slag outlet close to the plasma torch (4).
8. An apparatus for plasma processing of radioactive waste as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the tapping device comprises a downwardly extending bottom tapping channel (62) at the tapping opening.
9. An apparatus for plasma processing of radioactive waste as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the slag discharging device comprises a sliding discharging gate valve (63) at the slag outlet.
10. An apparatus for plasma processing of radioactive waste as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the water-cooled wall comprises two sets of water-cooling systems which are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the slag line.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121730507.4U CN215643731U (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2021-07-28 | Device for treating radioactive waste by plasma |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121730507.4U CN215643731U (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2021-07-28 | Device for treating radioactive waste by plasma |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN215643731U true CN215643731U (en) | 2022-01-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121730507.4U Active CN215643731U (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2021-07-28 | Device for treating radioactive waste by plasma |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN215643731U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114669582A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-28 | 山东鲁冶瑞宝电气自动化有限公司 | A plasma arc incineration waste residue device |
-
2021
- 2021-07-28 CN CN202121730507.4U patent/CN215643731U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114669582A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-28 | 山东鲁冶瑞宝电气自动化有限公司 | A plasma arc incineration waste residue device |
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