CN214952102U - Transformer fault detector - Google Patents
Transformer fault detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN214952102U CN214952102U CN202120352344.4U CN202120352344U CN214952102U CN 214952102 U CN214952102 U CN 214952102U CN 202120352344 U CN202120352344 U CN 202120352344U CN 214952102 U CN214952102 U CN 214952102U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a transformer fault detector, include: a controller; the wireless communication module is electrically connected with the controller; the connecting lines at two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod are perpendicular to two arms of the U-shaped connecting rod; the first piezoelectric transducer is fixedly connected to one end of the U-shaped connecting rod, the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer faces the other end of the U-shaped connecting rod, the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer is perpendicular to a connecting line of the two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod, and the first piezoelectric transducer is electrically connected with the controller; the side edge of the front side of the first piezoelectric transducer is provided with an elastic pad; the screw hole is formed in one end, opposite to the first piezoelectric transducer, of the U-shaped connecting rod, and the central axis of the screw hole is parallel to the connecting line of the two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod; the screw rod, the screw rod and screw phase-match, screw rod threaded connection is in the screw hole. The problem of prior art to transformer fault monitoring waste manpower and diagnosis untimely is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a transformer overhauls the field, especially relates to a transformer fault detector.
Background
The transformer is one of the most commonly used devices in the power industry, and is related to the safety of a power system, so operation and maintenance personnel need to detect the working state of the transformer at any time. The iron core and the winding are main parts of the transformer, the iron core lamination vibrates due to magnetostriction and magnetic leakage, when the winding deforms or the iron core becomes loose, the transformer can vibrate abnormally, if the winding is not deformed in time, the transformer is damaged completely, power failure of the transformer related area is caused, and great economic loss is caused. The prior art adopts the manual inspection mode for monitoring the transformer faults, but the problems of the manual inspection mode are as follows:
1) manpower is wasted, and because the transformers are widely distributed, if operation and maintenance personnel are required to observe each transformer on site, great manpower waste is caused;
2) the diagnosis is not timely, and because manual inspection is needed, each transformer cannot be dispatched to a real-time observation by manual inspection, but the manual inspection is realized by a regular inspection mode, so that the diagnosis result obtained by the inspection mode is not timely, the problem is not found in advance, and the transformer is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a transformer fault detector.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: a transformer fault detector comprising:
a controller;
the wireless communication module is electrically connected with the controller;
the connecting lines at two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod are perpendicular to two arms of the U-shaped connecting rod;
the first piezoelectric transducer is fixedly connected to one end of the U-shaped connecting rod, the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer faces the other end of the U-shaped connecting rod, the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer is perpendicular to a connecting line of the two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod, and the first piezoelectric transducer is electrically connected with the controller; the side edge of the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer is provided with an elastic pad, and the distance between the elastic pad and the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer is 1 mm;
the screw hole is formed in one end, opposite to the first piezoelectric transducer, of the U-shaped connecting rod, and the central axis of the screw hole is parallel to the connecting line of the two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod;
the screw rod, the screw rod and screw phase-match, screw rod threaded connection is in the screw hole.
Further, still include:
the pressing plate is fixedly connected to the end part, close to the first piezoelectric transducer, of the screw rod, and the pressing plate is perpendicular to the screw rod;
and a rubber layer is arranged on the surface of the pressing plate close to the first piezoelectric transducer.
Further, still include:
the nut, nut fixed connection is in the one end that first piezoelectric transducer was kept away from to the screw rod.
Further, still include:
a second piezoelectric transducer electrically connected with the controller.
Further, the second piezoelectric transducer is connected to the U-shaped connecting rod through a buffer device, the buffer device including:
the inner cavity of the sleeve is polygonal, the sleeve is made of metal, and the lower end of the sleeve is fixedly connected to the U-shaped connecting rod;
the pressure spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the sleeve;
the movable rod is a permanent magnet and is matched with the inner cavity of the sleeve, the lower end of the movable rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pressure spring, and the movable rod is movably connected into the inner cavity of the sleeve.
The utility model has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that,
1) the utility model discloses a put the sheet metal on the shell of transformer or on the radiator between first piezoelectric transducer and screw rod tip, make the screw rod at the screw internal rotation through rotatory screw rod, thereby with first piezoelectric transducer fixed surface and hug closely the transformer surface, make first piezoelectric transducer can detect the transformer vocal print, and send the transformer vocal print to long-range fortune dimension personnel through wireless communication module, utilize the transformer to take place the different prediction transformer trouble of vocal print characteristic and normal transformer vocal print characteristic before the trouble promptly, thereby realize the prediction in advance to the transformer trouble, need not fortune dimension personnel to patrol and examine to the scene, very big manpower has been saved, first piezoelectric transducer detects the transformer vocal print in real time simultaneously and sends fortune dimension personnel to judge or judge through the machine, the diagnosis is more timely;
2) the utility model discloses a recess is formed on first piezoelectric transducer front surface through the cushion to can be convenient scribble the couplant on first piezoelectric transducer surface, make first piezoelectric transducer and transformer surface contact inseparabler, the vocal print distortion of transformer is littleer, the cushion makes the frictional force of first piezoelectric transducer and transformer bigger in addition, avoids first piezoelectric transducer to slide on the transformer surface;
3) the utility model has the advantages that the contact surface between the screw and the transformer is larger through the pressing plate, and the surface of the transformer is prevented from being crushed by the screw;
4) the utility model increases the friction between the pressing plate and the transformer through the rubber layer, and avoids the sliding of the pressing plate on the surface of the transformer;
5) the utility model has the advantages that the nut is easier to rotate because the diameter of the nut is larger than that of the screw;
6) the utility model detects the environmental noise through the second piezoelectric transducer, and the controller removes the environmental noise through the result detected by the second piezoelectric transducer, so that the judgment of the transformer fault is more accurate;
7) when the vibration of transformer passes through buffer and connects second piezoelectricity transducer, the utility model discloses a second piezoelectricity transducer is connected to the movable rod of permanent magnet, because movable rod and sleeve relative activity, be connected through the pressure spring between movable sleeve and the movable rod, conduct the sleeve when the vibration, can produce relative motion between movable rod and sleeve, and because the sleeve is the metal, the connecting rod is the permanent magnet, the permanent magnet can form annular current on the sleeve at the sleeve internal motion, annular current can form the magnetic field that hinders the connecting rod motion, and the sleeve is just big with the big hindrance of connecting rod relative motion's speed, thereby play the cushioning effect to the movable rod motion, make the vibration of transformer weaken, avoid transformer vibration to pass for second piezoelectricity sensor, lead to the background noise distortion that second piezoelectricity sensor detected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a circuit connection block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
referring to fig. 1 to 4, a transformer fault detector includes: a controller 10; the wireless communication module 11, the said wireless communication module 11 is electrically connected with controller 10; the connecting line of two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod 1 is vertical to two arms of the U-shaped connecting rod 1; the first piezoelectric transducer 2 is fixedly connected to one end of the U-shaped connecting rod 1, the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer 2 faces the other end of the U-shaped connecting rod 1, the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer 2 is perpendicular to a connecting line of two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod 1, and the first piezoelectric transducer 2 is electrically connected with the controller 10; the side edge of the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer 2 is provided with an elastic pad 2-1, and the distance between the elastic pad 2-1 and the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer 2 is 1 mm; the screw hole 3 is formed in one end, opposite to the first piezoelectric transducer 2, of the U-shaped connecting rod 1, and the central axis of the screw hole 3 is parallel to a connecting line of two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod 1; and the screw rod 4 is matched with the screw hole 3, and the screw rod 4 is in threaded connection with the screw hole 3. The controller 10 here may be a control component with peripheral circuitry such as Arduino, PLC or raspberry pi. The needless communication module 11 may be a 4G module or a 5G module.
Further, still include: the pressing plate 5 is fixedly connected to the end part, close to the first piezoelectric transducer 2, of the screw rod 4, and the pressing plate 5 is perpendicular to the screw rod 4; the surface of the pressure plate 5 close to the first piezoelectric transducer 2 is provided with a rubber layer 6.
Further, still include: and the nut 7 is fixedly connected at one end, far away from the first piezoelectric transducer 2, of the screw rod 4.
Further, still include: a second piezoelectric transducer 9, the second piezoelectric transducer 9 being electrically connected to a controller 10.
Further, the second piezoelectric transducer 9 is connected to the U-shaped connecting rod 1 through a damping device, which includes: the inner cavity of the sleeve 8-1 is polygonal, the sleeve 8-1 is made of metal, and the lower end of the sleeve 8-1 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped connecting rod 1; the pressure spring 8-2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the sleeve 8-1, and the pressure spring 8-2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the sleeve 8-1; the movable rod 8-3 is a permanent magnet, the movable rod 8-3 is matched with the inner cavity of the sleeve 8-1, the lower end of the movable rod 8-3 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pressure spring 8-2, and the movable rod 8-3 is movably connected into the inner cavity of the sleeve 8-1.
Referring to fig. 5, the present invention provides a transformer fault diagnosis method, which includes the following steps,
acquiring transformer voiceprint data through a first piezoelectric transducer 2, and storing the transformer voiceprint data in a storage medium, wherein the transformer voiceprint data comprises good transformer voiceprint data and is recorded as S1, namely recording bad transformer voiceprint data as P1, and acquiring background noise as B1; the sensor used by the acquired voiceprint data is a piezoelectric ceramic sound wave transducer, the piezoelectric ceramic sound wave transducer is attached to a transformer to be tested when the data is acquired, the vibration of the transformer is converted into an electric signal through the piezoelectric ceramic sound wave transducer and the electric signal is transmitted to a controller, and B1 background noise is picked up by arranging a second piezoelectric transducer 5 at a position far away from the transformer, because the second piezoelectric transducer is far away from the transformer and the environments are almost the same, the background noise measured by the second piezoelectric transducer is the background noise voiceprint which eliminates the vibration influence of the transformer;
step two, extracting the transformer voiceprint data S1, P1 and B1 at time intervals of 10 to 30 milliseconds to obtain voiceprint sequences S2, P2 and B2 in units of frames;
step three, removing the environmental noise B2 from the transformer voiceprint sequences S2 and P2 through a noise reduction algorithm, only reserving transformer voiceprint data to obtain voiceprint sequences S3 and P3, wherein the noise reduction algorithm for reducing the noise of S2 and P2 in the step is as follows:
a) carrying out Fourier transform on the voiceprint of the background noise B2, and converting the voiceprint of the background noise B2 from a time domain signal to a frequency domain signal, thereby measuring the frequency spectrum characteristic of the background noise;
b) and performing an inverse compensation operation on the S2 and the PS according to the frequency spectrum of the noise B2 to obtain S3 and P3.
Step four, extracting the voiceprint characteristics of the voiceprint sequences S3 and P3 through a characteristic extraction algorithm to obtain characteristic vectors S4 and P4, wherein the characteristic extraction algorithm comprises the following steps:
d) for S3 and P3, obtaining corresponding frequency spectrums through Fourier transform;
e) the spectrum above is processed by a Mel filter bank to obtain a Mel spectrum;
f) taking logarithm of Mel frequency spectrum, then making DCT discrete cosine transform, taking the 2 nd to 13 th coefficients after DCT as MFCC coefficients, obtaining Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient MFCC, which is the voice print feature vector of S3 or P3.
Step five, performing model training on the deep convolutional neural network by adopting the feature vectors S4 and P4 with the number larger than 1 to obtain vector models S5 and P5, wherein the deep convolutional neural network can be performed by adopting a machine learning system Tensorflow developed by Google company;
step six, storing the vector models S5 and P5 into a voiceprint database;
collecting voiceprint data of the real-time transformer to be diagnosed as T1, and collecting background noise of the real-time transformer to be diagnosed as D1;
step eight, extracting T1 and D1 at a time interval of 10 to 30 milliseconds to obtain voiceprint sequences T2 and D2 in units of frames;
step nine, removing D2 from the voiceprint sequence T2 through a noise reduction algorithm, only reserving transformer voiceprint data, and obtaining a voiceprint sequence T3, wherein the noise reduction algorithm for T2 noise reduction in the step is as follows:
a) carrying out Fourier transform on the voiceprint of the background noise D2, and converting the voiceprint from a time domain signal to a frequency domain signal, thereby measuring the frequency spectrum characteristic of the background noise;
b) and performing an inverse compensation operation on the T2 according to the frequency spectrum of the noise D2 to obtain T3.
Step ten, extracting the voiceprint features from the voiceprint sequence T3 through a feature extraction algorithm to obtain T4, wherein the feature extraction algorithm for the T3 in the step is as follows:
d) for T3, obtaining a corresponding frequency spectrum through Fourier transform;
e) the spectrum above is processed by a Mel filter bank to obtain a Mel spectrum;
f) taking logarithm of Mel frequency spectrum, then realizing by DCT discrete cosine transform, taking DCT 2 nd to 13 th coefficients as MFCC coefficients, and this MFCC is just the voice print feature vector of T3.
Step eleven, comparing the voiceprint characteristics T4 with the voiceprint characteristics S5 and P5 stored in the database to obtain the similarity R1 of S5 and T4, the similarity R2 of P5 and T4 and the voiceprint characteristics S5(x is the same as the similarity of the voiceprint characteristics S5 and P5 in the database21,x22…,x2n)、P5(x31,x32…,x3n) And T4 (x)11,x12…,x1n) Is a quantity composed of many features, which can be marked by an n-dimensional vector, and the similarity of the vectors is judged in Euclidean geometryThe degree can be judged by the distance between vectors, and the calculation formula is as follows:
step twelve, if R1 is larger than R2, the transformer is judged to be good, and if R1 is smaller than R2, the transformer is judged to be about to be bad; or adopting another rule, setting an empirical threshold value H, judging that the transformer is about to be deteriorated if R2> H, and judging that the transformer is good if R2< H.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments shown and described. To the utility model belongs to the technical field of ordinary technical personnel, do not deviate from the utility model discloses under the prerequisite of design, can also make a plurality of simple deductions or replacement, all should regard as belonging to the utility model discloses a protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. A transformer fault detector, comprising:
a controller (10);
the wireless communication module (11), the wireless communication module (11) is electrically connected with the controller (10);
the connecting line of the two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod (1) is vertical to the two arms of the U-shaped connecting rod (1);
the first piezoelectric transducer (2) is fixedly connected to one end of the U-shaped connecting rod (1), the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer (2) faces the other end of the U-shaped connecting rod (1), the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer (2) is perpendicular to a connecting line of the two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod (1), and the first piezoelectric transducer (2) is electrically connected with the controller (10); an elastic pad (2-1) is arranged on the side edge of the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer (2), and the distance between the elastic pad (2-1) and the front face of the first piezoelectric transducer (2) is 1 mm;
the screw hole (3) is formed in one end, opposite to the first piezoelectric transducer (2), of the U-shaped connecting rod (1), and the central axis of the screw hole (3) is parallel to a connecting line of two ends of the U-shaped connecting rod (1);
the screw rod (4), screw rod (4) and screw (3) phase-match, screw rod (4) threaded connection is in screw (3).
2. The transformer fault detector of claim 1, further comprising:
the pressing plate (5) is fixedly connected to the end part, close to the first piezoelectric transducer (2), of the screw rod (4), and the pressing plate (5) is perpendicular to the screw rod (4);
the surface of the pressing plate (5) close to the first piezoelectric transducer (2) is provided with a rubber layer (6).
3. The transformer fault detector of claim 1, further comprising:
the nut (7), nut (7) fixed connection is in the one end that first piezoelectric transducer (2) was kept away from in screw rod (4).
4. The transformer fault detector of claim 1, further comprising:
a second piezoelectric transducer (9), the second piezoelectric transducer (9) being electrically connected to the controller (10).
5. Transformer fault detector according to claim 4, characterized in that the second piezoelectric transducer (9) is connected to the U-shaped connection rod (1) by a damping device comprising:
the inner cavity of the sleeve (8-1) is polygonal, the sleeve (8-1) is made of metal, and the lower end of the sleeve (8-1) is fixedly connected to the U-shaped connecting rod (1);
the compression spring (8-2), the compression spring (8-2) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the sleeve (8-1);
the movable rod (8-3), the movable rod (8-3) is the permanent magnet, the movable rod (8-3) and the inner cavity of the sleeve (8-1) are matched, the lower end of the movable rod (8-3) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pressure spring (8-2), and the movable rod (8-3) is movably connected in the inner cavity of the sleeve (8-1).
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| CN202120352344.4U CN214952102U (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Transformer fault detector |
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| CN202120352344.4U CN214952102U (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Transformer fault detector |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112946531A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-11 | 中国电建集团贵州电力设计研究院有限公司 | Transformer fault diagnosis device and diagnosis method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112946531A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-11 | 中国电建集团贵州电力设计研究院有限公司 | Transformer fault diagnosis device and diagnosis method |
| CN112946531B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2024-04-30 | 中国电建集团贵州电力设计研究院有限公司 | Transformer fault diagnosis device and diagnosis method |
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