CN214628217U

CN214628217U - Picking device for fallen cotton

Info

Publication number: CN214628217U
Application number: CN202120542249.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 舍爱明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-03-16
Filing date: 2021-03-16
Publication date: 2021-11-09
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-16

Abstract

The utility model relates to an agricultural equipment technical field is a cotton pickup attachment falls to ground, including from driving, power assembly, storage tank, header, pickup attachment, straw reducing mechanism and fan, power assembly fixed mounting is on the well upper portion of driving, and the articulated straw reducing mechanism that is used for smashing the straw that is connected with on the driving in power assembly the place ahead, and the header is left side below open-ended shell structure. The utility model has the advantages of reasonable and compact structure, high durability and convenient use, through setting up pickup attachment, can pick up the cotton that drops in the cotton field, the cotton that fan operating time picked up inhales into the cotton tuber pipe through inhaling the cotton hole, get into the storage tank through advancing the cotton hole, the storage tank can reduce the wind speed, then make the cotton that falls to the ground that gets into in the storage tank pile up at the storage tank rear portion earlier, pile up to the storage tank front portion gradually, through right spoiler, can separate the miscellaneous soil that is mingled with in the cotton that falls to the ground, and discharge through the fan, it is efficient to pick up, the clean separation, safety, laborsaving, simple and convenient, efficient characteristics have.

Description

Picking device for fallen cotton

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an agricultural equipment technical field is a cotton pickup attachment falls to ground.

Background

With the development of science and technology, many agricultural operations use large-scale agricultural equipment, for example, cotton picking, at present, automatic picking machines are used, but more fallen cotton is picked up by machines, and generally, the cotton is picked up by manpower, but the speed of picking up flowers by manpower is slow, the efficiency is low, the labor is heavy, the time for picking up flowers is prolonged, so that the quality and the grade of cotton are reduced, the pain of frostbite of hands and feet when workers pick up flowers in a snowy cotton field is caused, and the condition that a part of mature cotton is covered by heavy snow due to incomplete harvesting or untimely harvesting is caused, so that the planting yield of economic crops of cotton farmers is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a cotton pickup attachment falls to ground has overcome above-mentioned prior art not enough, and it can effectively solve the problem that the artifical efficiency that the cotton results of current falling to the ground exists is low, work is heavy and economic benefits is low.

The technical scheme of the utility model is realized through following measure: a floor cotton pickup device comprises a self-propelled vehicle, a power assembly, a storage tank, a header, a pickup device, a straw smashing device and a fan, wherein the power assembly is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part of the self-propelled vehicle, the self-propelled vehicle in front of the power assembly is hinged with the straw smashing device for smashing straws, the header is of a shell structure with an opening at the lower left part, the right side of the header is hinged and connected with the self-propelled vehicle in front of the straw smashing device, the pickup device capable of picking floor cotton off the ground is arranged in the header, a cotton sucking hole communicated with the inside and the outside is arranged in the center of the rear side of the header, the storage tank is fixedly arranged on the self-propelled vehicle behind the power assembly, a right spoiler and a left spoiler which are of a net structure are arranged in the storage tank at intervals from right to left, a cotton inlet hole communicated with the inside and the outside is arranged at the upper side of the front part of the storage tank corresponding to the position of the left spoiler, and a cotton inlet pipe is fixedly communicated with the cotton sucking hole, the upper side of the front part of the storage tank corresponding to the right position of the right spoiler is provided with a dust removing hole communicated with the inside and the outside, and the front side of the storage tank corresponding to the position of the dust removing hole is provided with a fan which can suck the cotton falling off the ground into the storage tank.

The following are further optimization or/and improvement of the technical scheme of the utility model:

the self-propelled vehicle comprises a frame, a cab, an operation device, an internal combustion engine, front traveling wheels, rear traveling wheels, a front axle assembly and a rear axle, wherein the front traveling wheels are arranged at the lower end of the front part of the frame through the front axle assembly with a differential mechanism and a steering hydraulic cylinder, the rear traveling wheels are arranged at the lower end of the rear part of the frame through the rear axle, the cab is fixed at the upper end of the front part of the frame, the operation device is arranged inside the cab, the internal combustion engine is fixed on the frame behind the cab, the left part of an output shaft of the internal combustion engine is connected with the left part of the rear axle through a belt wheel in a transmission way, a power assembly is arranged below the internal combustion engine and comprises a gearbox, a hydraulic pump and an oil tank, the hydraulic pump and the oil tank are fixedly arranged on the frame behind the internal combustion engine at intervals from front to back, the hydraulic pump and the oil tank are connected through a first oil way, the gearbox is fixedly arranged at the front part below the internal combustion engine, and a driving shaft with the left end and the right end respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the gearbox is arranged at the rear part of the gearbox, the left part of the driving shaft is in transmission connection with the left part of an output shaft of the internal combustion engine through a belt wheel, the right part of the driving shaft is respectively connected with an input shaft of a hydraulic pump, an input shaft of a fan, a pickup device and a straw crushing device, and a transmission shaft with the front end connected with a differential mechanism is arranged at the front part of the gearbox.

The picking device can comprise picking shafts, picking hydraulic motors and picking elastic teeth, the picking shafts are arranged on the left side and the right side of the header respectively at the left end and the right end of the header in a rotating mode, the picking hydraulic motors are fixedly arranged on the left side and the right side of the header respectively, the hydraulic pumps are connected with the two picking hydraulic motors through second oil paths and third oil paths respectively, each picking hydraulic motor is provided with a picking driving shaft fixedly connected with the end part of the picking shaft, a picking roller is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the picking shaft corresponding to the inner side position of the header, a plurality of picking tooth groups are uniformly distributed on the picking roller at intervals, and each picking tooth group comprises a plurality of picking elastic teeth uniformly distributed along the outer circumferential surface of the picking roller at intervals.

Two suspension pull rods can be hinged between the upper side of the rear portion of the header and the front end of the frame at intervals from left to right, two front lifting oil cylinders are hinged between the rear side of the lower portion of the header and the front side of the lower portion of the frame at intervals from left to right, and the hydraulic pump and the two front lifting oil cylinders are connected through a fourth oil path and a fifth oil path respectively.

Two adjusting screw holes which are communicated up and down can be distributed at the rear part of the header at intervals left and right, an adjusting screw rod is screwed in each screw hole, and the lower ends of the two adjusting screw rods are rotatably provided with balance rollers positioned between the two front lifting oil cylinders.

The lower part of the straw crushing device can be provided with a crushing input shaft, the left side and the right side of the straw crushing device are provided with crushing hydraulic motors for driving the crushing input shaft to rotate, the rear side of the straw crushing device and the lower side of the front part of the frame are hinged with two rear lifting oil cylinders at intervals from left to right, and the hydraulic pump, the two crushing hydraulic motors and the two rear lifting oil cylinders are connected through a sixth oil way, a seventh oil way, an eighth oil way and a ninth oil way respectively.

The rear side of the storage tank can be provided with discharging holes communicated with the inside and the outside, a box door is hinged in the discharging holes, gaps are formed among the front side of the box door, the rear end of the right spoiler and the rear side of the left spoiler, discharging oil cylinders are hinged between the left side and the right side of the middle of the box door and the left side and the right side of the rear of the frame, and the hydraulic pump and the two discharging oil cylinders are connected through a tenth oil path and an eleventh oil path respectively. A dust exhaust pipe can be fixedly communicated between the air inlet of the fan and the dust removal hole, and a dust raising pipe is fixedly communicated with the air outlet of the fan.

The aforesaid advances the cotton tuber pipe and can include canned paragraph and movable section, the canned paragraph is the slope of the high right-hand low form in left and right sides and right-hand member and advances the fixed intercommunication in cotton hole, the fixed intercommunication is fixed with inhaling the cotton hole to the movable section left end, the movable section right-hand member is inserted and is located the canned paragraph left end inboard, sealed fixedly connected with sealing tube between the canned paragraph left part outside and the movable section right part outside, the movable section downside that corresponds the position between the sealing tube left and the header right-hand is equipped with the slagging-off hole of inside and outside intercommunication, be equipped with in the slagging-off hole and remove the cinder plate, it links together through the articulated shaft hinge joint that the cover is equipped with the torsional spring to remove cinder plate left side and slagging-off hole left part inner wall.

The utility model has the advantages of reasonable and compact structure, high durability and convenient use, through setting up pickup attachment, can pick up the cotton that drops in the cotton field, the cotton that fan operating time picked up inhales into the cotton tuber pipe through inhaling the cotton hole, get into the storage tank through advancing the cotton hole, the storage tank can reduce the wind speed, then make the cotton that falls to the ground that gets into in the storage tank pile up at the storage tank rear portion earlier, pile up to the storage tank front portion gradually, through right spoiler, can separate the miscellaneous soil that is mingled with in the cotton that falls to the ground, and discharge through the fan, it is efficient to pick up, the clean separation, safety, laborsaving, simple and convenient, efficient characteristics have.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic right sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the rear view partial section structure of the storage tank of the present invention.

The codes in the figures are respectively: the device comprises a frame 1, a cab 2, an internal combustion engine 3, a front traveling wheel 4, a front axle assembly 5, a rear axle 6, a gearbox 7, a driving shaft 8, a transmission shaft 9, a hydraulic pump 10, an oil tank 11, a storage tank 12, a left spoiler 13, a right spoiler 14, a discharge oil cylinder 15, a header 16, a suspension pull rod 17, a front lift oil cylinder 18, an adjusting screw 19, a balance roller 20, a pickup shaft 21, a hydraulic motor 22, a pickup spring tooth 23, a pickup roller 24, a straw crushing device 25, a crushing input shaft 26, a crushing hydraulic motor 27, a rear lift oil cylinder 28, a fan 29, a dust exhaust pipe 30, a dust exhaust pipe 31, a fixed section 32, a movable section 33, a sealing pipe 34, a sealing pipe 35, a slag removal plate 36, a cotton inlet 37, a dust removal hole 38 and a rear traveling wheel 39.

Detailed Description

The utility model discloses do not receive the restriction of following embodiment, can be according to the utility model discloses a technical scheme and actual conditions determine concrete implementation.

In the utility model discloses in, for the convenience of description, with the utility model discloses the direction that the during operation gos forward is the place ahead, and the description of the relative position relation of each part all faces according to the observer the utility model discloses the direction that gos forward describes as the reference, if: the positional relationship of front, rear, up, down, front, rear, etc. is determined depending on the direction to the observer.

The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for picking up fallen cotton comprises a self-propelled vehicle, a power assembly, a storage tank 12, a header 16, a pickup device, a straw smashing device 25 and a fan 29, wherein the power assembly is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part of the self-propelled vehicle, the straw smashing device 25 is hinged on the self-propelled vehicle in front of the power assembly, the header 16 is of a shell structure with an opening at the lower left part, the right side of the header 16 is hinged on the self-propelled vehicle in front of the straw smashing device 25, the pickup device capable of picking up the fallen cotton from the ground is arranged in the header 16, an internal and external communicating cotton suction hole is arranged at the center of the rear side of the header 16, the storage tank 12 is fixedly arranged on the self-propelled vehicle behind the power assembly, a right spoiler 14 and a left spoiler 13 which are both of a net structure are arranged in the storage tank 12 at intervals from right to left, an internal and external communicating cotton inlet hole 37 is arranged at the upper side of the front part of the storage tank 12 corresponding to the right position of the left spoiler 13, a cotton inlet pipe is fixedly communicated between the cotton inlet hole 37 and the cotton suction hole, a dust removal hole 38 which is communicated with the inside and the outside is arranged at the upper side of the front part of the storage tank 12 corresponding to the right position of the right spoiler 14, and a fan 29 which can suck the ground cotton picked off the ground into the storage tank 12 is arranged at the front side of the storage tank 12 corresponding to the position of the dust removal hole 38.

According to requirements, the fan 29 is a conventional well-known centrifugal fan with an inlet end and a side outlet, the air volume of the fan 29 is 100000 cubic meters per hour, and the storage tank 12 is of a rectangular box structure. In the use, through setting up pickup attachment, can pick up the cotton that drops in the cotton field, the cotton that fan 29 operating time picked up inhales into the cotton tuber pipe through inhaling the cotton hole, gets into storage tank 12 through advancing cotton hole 37, storage tank 12 can reduce the wind speed, then make the cotton that falls to the ground that gets into in storage tank 12 pile up at storage tank 12 rear portion earlier, pile up to storage tank 12 front portion gradually, through right spoiler 14, can separate the miscellaneous soil that is mingled with in the cotton that falls to the ground to discharge through fan 29, pick up efficiently, the clean separation, the utility model discloses rational in infrastructure and compact, convenient to use has safety, laborsaving, simple and convenient, efficient characteristics.

The above-mentioned cotton picking device can be further optimized or/and improved according to the actual need:

as shown in the attached figure 1, the self-propelled vehicle comprises a vehicle frame 1, a cab 2, an operation device, an internal combustion engine 3, front travelling wheels 4, rear travelling wheels 39, a front axle assembly 5 and a rear axle 6, wherein the front travelling wheels 4 are arranged at the lower end of the front part of the vehicle frame 1 through the front axle assembly 5 with a differential mechanism and a steering hydraulic cylinder, the rear travelling wheels 39 are arranged at the lower end of the rear part of the vehicle frame 1 through the rear axle 6, the cab 2 is fixed at the upper end of the front part of the vehicle frame 1, the operation device is arranged in the cab 2, the internal combustion engine 3 is fixed on the vehicle frame 1 behind the cab 2, the left part of an output shaft of the internal combustion engine 3 is in transmission connection with the left part of the rear axle 6 through a belt wheel, a power assembly is arranged below the internal combustion engine 3 and comprises a gearbox 7, a hydraulic pump 10 and an oil tank 11, the hydraulic pump 10 and the oil tank 11 are fixedly arranged on the vehicle frame 1 behind the internal combustion engine 3 from front to back at intervals, the hydraulic pump 10 is connected with the oil tank 11 through a first oil path, the front part of the frame 1 below the internal combustion engine 3 is fixedly provided with a gearbox 7, the rear part of the gearbox 7 is provided with a driving shaft 8, the left end and the right end of the driving shaft 8 are respectively positioned at the left and the right of the gearbox 7, the left part of the driving shaft 8 is in transmission connection with the left part of an output shaft of the internal combustion engine 3 through a belt wheel, the right part of the driving shaft 8 is respectively connected with an input shaft of a hydraulic pump 10, an input shaft of a fan 29, a pickup device and a straw crushing device 25, and the front part of the gearbox 7 is provided with a transmission shaft 9, the front end of which is connected with a differential mechanism.

According to the requirements, the front part of the self-propelled vehicle is provided with an illuminating lamp, and the rear part of the self-propelled vehicle is provided with a steering lamp. In the use, drive respectively through gearbox 7 and rear axle 6, can improve equipment's walking power, through setting up hydraulic pump 10 and oil tank 11, improved the utility model discloses a power has simplified drive mechanism, the installation maintenance of being convenient for.

As shown in fig. 1, the pickup device includes a pickup shaft 21, a pickup hydraulic motor 22 and pickup elastic teeth 23, a pickup shaft 21 is installed in the middle of the header 16, the left and right ends of the pickup shaft 21 are located on the left and right sides of the header 16, the pickup hydraulic motor 22 is installed on the left and right sides of the header 16, the hydraulic pump 10 is connected with the two pickup hydraulic motors 22 through a second oil path and a third oil path, each pickup hydraulic motor 22 has a pickup driving shaft 8 fixedly connected with the end of the pickup shaft 21, a pickup roller 24 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the pickup shaft 21 corresponding to the inner side position of the header 16, a plurality of pickup tooth groups are uniformly distributed on the pickup roller 24 at intervals, and each pickup tooth group includes a plurality of pickup elastic teeth 23 uniformly distributed at intervals along the outer circumferential surface of the pickup roller 24.

The pick-up latch 23 may be a nylon pick-up latch 23 of the prior art, as desired. In the use, through setting up hydraulic motor, can improve the moment of torsion of picking up drive shaft 8, improve the efficiency of picking up of cotton that falls to the ground.

As shown in fig. 1, two suspension rods 17 are hinged between the upper side of the rear portion of the header 16 and the front end of the frame 1 at intervals from left to right, two front lift cylinders 18 are hinged between the rear side of the lower portion of the header 16 and the front side of the lower portion of the frame 1 at intervals from left to right, and the hydraulic pump 10 and the two front lift cylinders 18 are connected through a fourth oil path and a fifth oil path respectively.

The suspension link 17 is a conventional one, and the suspension link 17 is inclined in a left-low-right-high manner. In the use, through setting up lift cylinder, can adjust and cushion header 16, through setting up suspension pull rod 17, can fix header 16 of having adjusted the height, adjust convenient simple.

As shown in the attached drawing 1, two vertically through adjusting screw holes are distributed at the left and right of the rear part of the header 16 at intervals, an adjusting screw rod 19 is screwed in each screw hole, and a balance roller 20 positioned between two front lifting cylinders 18 is rotatably installed at the lower ends of the two adjusting screw rods 19.

According to the requirement, the rear part of the cutting table 16 can be provided with adjusting devices in the prior art at left and right intervals, such as adjusting devices of a depth wheel of an agricultural machine, and the lower sides of the two adjusting devices are rotatably connected with the end parts of the balance rollers 20. In the use, through such setting, can make to pick up and play the distance between tooth 23 and the ground and remain the unanimity throughout, make the picking up effect of the cotton that falls to the ground better, can also support header 16 simultaneously, prevent to walk in-process frame 1 and rock and play the tooth 23 and cause destruction, reduce the fault rate to picking up.

As shown in the attached figure 1, a crushing input shaft 26 is arranged at the lower part of the straw crushing device 25, crushing hydraulic motors 27 for driving the crushing input shaft 26 to rotate are arranged at the left side and the right side of the straw crushing device 25, two rear lifting oil cylinders 28 are hinged between the rear side of the straw crushing device 25 and the lower side of the front part of the frame 1 at intervals from left to right, and the hydraulic pump 10 is connected with the two crushing hydraulic motors 27 and the two rear lifting oil cylinders 28 through a sixth oil path, a seventh oil path, an eighth oil path and a ninth oil path respectively.

According to the demand, straw reducing mechanism 25 can be current well-known technology, like maize cotton straw rubbing crusher, straw reducing mechanism 25 also can include the casing, casing lower part inboard is rotated and is installed and is controlled both ends and be located the crushing input shaft 26 on casing left side and right side respectively, the both ends of smashing input shaft 26 respectively with the drive shaft 8 fixed mounting of the crushing hydraulic motor 27 of corresponding position together, interval distribution has a plurality of crushing knife tackle about smashing the input shaft 26 outside, every crushing knife tackle all includes that a plurality of is the crushing blade of circumference interval equipartition along smashing input shaft 26, casing rear portion upside is connected with frame 1 front end downside through two lift cylinders are articulated, two back lift cylinders 28 are located between two preceding lift cylinders 18. In the use, through such setting, can smash still the field with the cotton stalk of picking up the cotton that falls to the ground, reduce the cotton stalk in later stage and smash the work load.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rear side of the storage tank 12 is provided with an internally and externally communicated discharge hole, a tank door is hinged in the discharge hole, gaps are respectively arranged between the front side of the tank door and the rear ends of the right spoiler 14 and the rear side of the left spoiler 13, discharge oil cylinders 15 are hinged between the left side and the right side of the middle part of the tank door and the left side and the right side of the rear part of the frame 1, and the hydraulic pump 10 is connected with the two discharge oil cylinders 15 through a tenth oil path and an eleventh oil path respectively.

According to requirements, oil passages are all the prior known technologies, such as hydraulic rubber hoses. In the use, through such setting, intensity of labour when can reducing the chamber door and open can independently accomplish the loading and unloading operation of the cotton that falls to the ground in storage tank 12 by the driver.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a dust exhaust pipe 30 is fixedly communicated between an air inlet of the fan 29 and the dust removal hole 38, and a dust raising pipe 31 is fixedly communicated with an air outlet of the fan 29.

According to the demand, the cross-sectional dimension of dust exhaust pipe 30 is greater than the size of cotton hole 37, and raise dust pipe 31 can be the arc of bending left upper place, has the contained angle between the terminal cross-section of raise dust pipe 31 and its the central axis. In the use, through setting up dust exhaust pipe 30, be convenient for connect between fan 29 and the dust removal hole 38, also can reduce the wind speed and reduce the impact of miscellaneous soil to fan 29 blade, can also make the ground cotton that gets into in the storage tank 12 fill whole storage tank 12 simultaneously, through right spoiler 14, can block that the cotton that falls to the ground separates the miscellaneous soil in the cotton that falls to the ground simultaneously, reinforcing storage separation effect, through setting up dust exhaust pipe 31, can reduce the dust of internal-combustion engine 3 and power assembly surface covering, reduce the damage to internal-combustion engine 3 and power assembly, the increase of service life.

As shown in the attached drawing 1, the cotton inlet air pipe comprises a fixed section 32 and a movable section 33, the fixed section 32 is inclined in a left-high-right-low shape and the right end is fixedly communicated with a cotton inlet hole 37, the left end of the movable section 33 is fixedly communicated with a cotton suction hole, the right end of the movable section 33 is inserted into the left end of the fixed section 32, a sealing pipe 34 is fixedly connected between the left outer side of the fixed section 32 and the right outer side of the movable section 33 in a sealing manner, a slag removing hole communicated with the inside and the outside is formed in the lower side of the movable section 33 corresponding to the position between the left side of the sealing pipe 34 and the right side of the header 16, a slag removing plate 35 is arranged in the slag removing hole, and the left side of the slag removing plate 35 and the left inner wall of the slag removing hole are hinged and connected together through a hinge shaft 36 sleeved with a torsion spring.

According to the demand, activity section 33 fixed mounting is on frame 1 between straw reducing mechanism 25 top and driver's cabin 2 below, activity section 33 and canned paragraph 32 are the rectangle tuber pipe, the contained angle between activity section 33 and the horizontal plane is less than the contained angle between canned paragraph 32 and the horizontal plane, sealing tube 34 can be prior known technique, like three proofings cloth, the downthehole side of slagging-off is equipped with the sealing strip, it also can articulate in the slagging-off downthehole through articulated shaft 36 in the slagging-off board 35 left side to remove, simultaneously remove and be in the same place through prior known bolt fixed mounting between slagging-off board 35 right side and the activity section 33 right part below, so that regularly clear up accumulational miscellaneous soil in the activity section 33. In the use, through such setting, be convenient for installation and maintenance straw reducing mechanism 25 after canned paragraph 32 and the separation of activity section 33, also can install gas, activity section 33 right-hand member inserts canned paragraph 32 left end inboard can make the whole storage tanks 12 of getting to the ground cotton in the activity section 33 through canned paragraph 32 in, through setting up the torsional spring, can open automatically when the miscellaneous soil that gets into in the back activity end piles up a certain amount and clear up miscellaneous soil, perhaps the manual work is regularly opened and is removed dregs board 35 clearance miscellaneous soil.

Above technical feature constitutes the utility model discloses a best embodiment, it has stronger adaptability and best implementation effect, can increase and decrease unnecessary technical feature according to actual need, satisfies the demand of different situation.

Claims

1. A floor cotton pickup device is characterized by comprising a self-propelled vehicle, a power assembly, a storage tank, a header, a pickup device, a straw smashing device and a fan, wherein the power assembly is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part of the self-propelled vehicle, the self-propelled vehicle in front of the power assembly is hinged with the straw smashing device for smashing straws, the header is of a shell structure with an opening at the lower left part, the right side of the header is hinged and connected to the self-propelled vehicle in front of the straw smashing device, the pickup device capable of picking floor cotton off the ground is arranged in the header, a cotton sucking hole communicated with the inside and the outside is arranged in the center of the rear side of the header, the storage tank is fixedly arranged on the self-propelled vehicle behind the power assembly, a right spoiler and a left spoiler which are of a net structure are arranged in the storage tank at intervals from right to left, a cotton inlet hole communicated with the inside and the outside is arranged at the upper side of the front part of the storage tank corresponding to the right position of the left spoiler, and a cotton inlet pipe is fixedly communicated with the cotton sucking hole, the upper side of the front part of the storage tank corresponding to the right position of the right spoiler is provided with a dust removing hole communicated with the inside and the outside, and the front side of the storage tank corresponding to the position of the dust removing hole is provided with a fan which can suck the cotton falling off the ground into the storage tank.

2. A cotton picking up device according to claim 1, wherein the self-propelled vehicle comprises a frame, a cab, a control device, an internal combustion engine, a front traveling wheel, a rear traveling wheel, a front axle assembly and a rear axle, the front traveling wheel is mounted at the lower end of the front part of the frame through the front axle assembly with a differential and a steering hydraulic cylinder, the rear traveling wheel is mounted at the lower end of the rear part of the frame through the rear axle, the cab is fixed at the upper end of the front part of the frame, the control device is mounted in the cab, the internal combustion engine is fixed on the frame behind the cab, the left part of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is in transmission connection with the left part of the rear axle through a belt pulley, a power assembly is arranged below the internal combustion engine, the power assembly comprises a gearbox, a hydraulic pump and an oil tank, the hydraulic pump and the oil tank are fixedly mounted on the frame behind the internal combustion engine from front to back at intervals, the hydraulic pump and the oil tank are connected through a first oil path, the gearbox is fixedly mounted at the front part of the frame below the internal combustion engine, the rear part of the gearbox is provided with a driving shaft, the left end and the right end of the driving shaft are respectively positioned on the left side and the right side of the gearbox, the left part of the driving shaft is in transmission connection with the left part of an output shaft of the internal combustion engine through a belt wheel, the right part of the driving shaft is respectively connected with an input shaft of a hydraulic pump, an input shaft of a fan, a pickup device and a straw crushing device, and the front part of the gearbox is provided with a transmission shaft, the front end of the transmission shaft is connected with a differential mechanism.

3. A cotton pickup apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pickup apparatus includes a pickup shaft, hydraulic pickup motors and pickup fingers, the header is rotatably mounted in the middle thereof with the pickup shaft positioned at the left and right ends thereof, the hydraulic pickup motors are fixedly mounted on the left and right sides of the header, the hydraulic pump is connected to the two hydraulic pickup motors through a second oil passage and a third oil passage, each hydraulic pickup motor has a pickup drive shaft fixedly connected to the end of the pickup shaft, a pickup cylinder is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the pickup shaft corresponding to the inner position of the header, a plurality of pickup finger groups are uniformly distributed on the pickup cylinder at intervals in the left and right, and each pickup finger group includes a plurality of pickup fingers uniformly distributed along the outer circumferential surface of the pickup cylinder at intervals.

4. A cotton pickup apparatus as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the header has two suspension rods hinged to the upper side of the rear portion of the header and the front end of the frame at intervals from left to right, the lower rear side of the header has two front lift cylinders hinged to the front side of the lower portion of the frame at intervals from left to right, and the hydraulic pump is connected to the two front lift cylinders through a fourth oil path and a fifth oil path, respectively.

5. A cotton picking up device as claimed in claim 4, in which the header has two through holes at left and right intervals, each screw has an adjusting screw in it, and the lower ends of the two adjusting screws are rotatably mounted with a balance roller between two front lift cylinders.

6. A cotton picking up device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the lower part of the straw crushing device is provided with a crushing input shaft, the left and right sides of the straw crushing device are provided with crushing hydraulic motors for driving the crushing input shaft to rotate, two rear lifting cylinders are hinged between the rear side of the straw crushing device and the lower side of the front part of the frame at intervals from left to right, and the hydraulic pump is connected with the two crushing hydraulic motors and the two rear lifting cylinders through a sixth oil path, a seventh oil path, an eighth oil path and a ninth oil path respectively.

7. A floor cotton pickup device according to claim 5, wherein the lower portion of the straw crushing device is provided with a crushing input shaft, the left and right sides of the straw crushing device are provided with crushing hydraulic motors for driving the crushing input shaft to rotate, the rear side of the straw crushing device and the lower side of the front portion of the frame are hinged to form two rear lift cylinders at intervals from left to right, and the hydraulic pump is connected with the two crushing hydraulic motors and the two rear lift cylinders through a sixth oil path, a seventh oil path, an eighth oil path and a ninth oil path respectively.

8. A floor cotton pickup device as claimed in claim 2, 3, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the rear side of the storage tank is provided with a discharging hole communicated with the inside and the outside, a box door is hinged in the discharging hole, gaps are provided between the front side of the box door and the rear ends of the right spoiler and the rear side of the left spoiler, discharging oil cylinders are hinged between the left and right sides of the middle part of the box door and the left and right sides of the rear part of the frame, and the hydraulic pump is connected with the two discharging oil cylinders through a tenth oil path and an eleventh oil path respectively; or/and a dust exhaust pipe is fixedly communicated between the air inlet of the fan and the dust removal hole, and a dust raising pipe is fixedly communicated with the air outlet of the fan.

9. A cotton picking device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rear side of the storage tank is provided with a discharging hole which is communicated with the inside and the outside, a tank door is hinged in the discharging hole, gaps are arranged between the front side of the tank door and the rear ends of the right and left spoilers, discharging oil cylinders are hinged between the left and right sides of the middle part of the tank door and the left and right sides of the rear part of the frame, and the hydraulic pump is connected with the two discharging oil cylinders through a tenth oil path and an eleventh oil path respectively; or/and a dust exhaust pipe is fixedly communicated between the air inlet of the fan and the dust removal hole, and a dust raising pipe is fixedly communicated with the air outlet of the fan.

10. A cotton pickup apparatus fallen to the ground as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 9, wherein the cotton inlet duct includes a fixed section and a movable section, the fixed section is inclined in a horizontal direction and has a right end fixedly communicated with the cotton inlet hole, the left end of the movable section is fixedly communicated with the cotton inlet hole, the right end of the movable section is inserted into the left end of the fixed section, a sealing tube is fixedly connected between the outer side of the left part of the fixed section and the outer side of the right part of the movable section, a slag removing hole communicated with the inner side and the outer side is arranged at the lower side of the movable section corresponding to the position between the left side of the sealing tube and the right side of the header, a slag removing plate is arranged in the slag removing hole, and the left side of the slag removing plate and the inner wall of the slag removing hole are hinged together through a hinge shaft sleeved with a torsion spring.