CN214476430U

CN214476430U - Axial compression fusion device based on field inversion shape plasma

Info

Publication number: CN214476430U
Application number: CN202022924585.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖晖; 孙玄
Original assignee: University of Science and Technology of China USTC
Current assignee: University of Science and Technology of China USTC
Priority date: 2020-12-09
Filing date: 2020-12-09
Publication date: 2021-10-22
Anticipated expiration: 2030-12-09

Abstract

The utility model relates to an axial compression fusion device based on field inversion shape plasma, which comprises a field inversion shape forming and transmitting system, a high-speed plasma cluster generator array, a magnetic field coil group with internal rapid reaction, a central combustion chamber and an external direct current coil group; the field inversion forming and transmitting systems are symmetrically distributed on the left and right last sides of the compression fusion device, and the two groups of symmetrically distributed high-speed plasma cluster generator arrays are positioned on the outer sides of the quasi-conical chambers on the two sides of the central combustion chamber; the internal fast reaction magnetic field coil groups are symmetrically distributed from the vicinity of a jet orifice of the high-speed plasma cluster generator to the edge part of the central combustion chamber, a plurality of direct current coils are uniformly distributed outside the central combustion chamber, and each coil is separated by a certain distance and is symmetrically distributed from left to right; the plasma propulsion layer generated by the symmetrically distributed high-speed plasma group generator array is used for axially compressing the inverted shape of the collision fusion field in the central combustion chamber, so that the fusion ignition condition is achieved.

Description

Axial compression fusion device based on field inversion shape plasma

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to magnetic inertial fusion field is that the high temperature plasma who comprises deuterium (D) and tritium (T) reaches the fusion condition through approximate adiabatic compression, produces alpha particle and neutron to release fusion energy, turn into one type of device of electric energy with its safety, concretely relates to axial compression fusion device based on field inversion shape plasma.

Background

At present, fusion energy is generally considered as ultimate energy of human beings, and has a series of advantages of high efficiency, cleanness, rich fuel and relative safety. Magnetic Inertial Fusion (MIF) is gaining increasing attention over traditional and extensively studied Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) by virtue of its relatively small and economical construction facilities and occupying a good space of Fusion thermonuclear reaction parameters (Wurden, g.a., Hsu, s.c., integrator, t.p.et al.magneto-inert fusion.j Fusion energy 35, 69-77).

Field inversion forms are often used as fusion compression targets in magnetic inertial fusion (Physics of plasma 11,2580(2004)) due to their high density, closed magnetic field structure, and ability to transport and have better robustness, wherein the field inversion forms of collision fusion possess higher initial temperatures and longer lifetimes (m.w. binder et al (the TAE Team) Physics. rev. lett.105, 045003).

Most of the compression based on field inversion in the past is radial compression, for example, Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United states proposes a scheme of using solid sleeve implosion compression (Review of Scientific Instruments 74,4314(2003)) and an experiment of using an enhanced magnetic field to perform radial compression (Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics 4,1909(1992)), according to FRC constraint empirical formula, the reduced radial dimension during radial compression leads to a sharp reduction in the constraint of field inversion, and partial experimental results also confirm this phenomenon, and serious loss causes a large amount of particles and energy to escape, resulting in the final compression not reaching the fusion reaction temperature.

Axial compression based on field inversion has been proposed (s.okada et al 1999 nuclear.fusion 392009), experimental results show that a certain degree of axial compression is beneficial to improve or maintain the confinement of the field inversion, while in theory axial compression also enables the target to reach fusion ignition conditions.

The Plasma and its plasmoid can be accelerated to very high speed, and the efficiency of energy conversion to Plasma kinetic energy can be as high as 50%, and a plurality of high speed high density plasmoids can form a Plasma propulsion layer with higher density and temperature, which can be used to compress the target Plasma (s.c. hsu et al, "pneumatic impact Plasma linear as a standard off Driver for magnetic ideal Fusion," in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol.40, No.5, pp.1287-1298, May 2012).

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the axial compression fusion device and method based on the field inversion plasma are provided, so that the compressed target plasma can reach the fusion temperature.

The technical solution of the utility model is as follows: an axial compression fusion device based on field inversion plasma comprises a field inversion plasma forming and transmitting system, a high-speed plasma cluster generator array, a magnetic field coil group with an internal rapid reaction, a central combustion chamber, an external direct current coil group and the like. The interior of the whole device is in a vacuum environment, wherein the field inversion-shaped forming and transmission systems are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the compression fusion device, and the high-speed plasma cluster generator arrays are formed by a plurality of plasma cluster generators and symmetrically distributed on the outer sides of the quasi-conical chambers on the two sides of the central combustion chamber; the magnetic field coil groups with the internal rapid reaction are symmetrically distributed from the vicinity of the jet orifice of the high-speed plasma cluster generator to the edge part of the central combustion chamber, the central combustion chamber is positioned at the center of the whole compression fusion device, a plurality of direct current coils with different specifications are uniformly distributed outside the central combustion chamber, and each coil is separated by a certain distance and is symmetrically distributed in the left and right directions. The plasma propulsion layer generated by the symmetrically distributed high-speed plasma group generator array is used for axially compressing the inverted shape of the collision fusion field in the central combustion chamber, so that the fusion ignition condition is achieved.

The forming system of the field inversion shape comprises a theta coil, a quartz tube and magnetic throat coils at two ends of the quartz tube, and the method for forming the field inversion shape is a theta pinch forming method. The theta coils are made of oxygen-free copper, the inner diameter of each theta coil is the same, and the plurality of theta coils are arranged into a cylindrical shape.

The high-speed plasma group generator array consists of a plurality of high-speed plasma group generators which are circumferentially and symmetrically distributed along the quasi-conical chamber, and the high-speed plasma group generated by the high-speed plasma group generator array is injected into the central combustion chamber from two sides along magnetic lines.

The magnetic field coil group with the internal rapid reaction is characterized in that a core material is oxygen-free copper, insulating materials such as ceramics and the like are wrapped outside the magnetic field coil group, the magnetic field coil group is installed in a position close to the wall of the device in a vacuum chamber, each coil group independently provides a power supply, and a pulse capacitor with high voltage (0-50kV) and small capacitance value (10-500 mu F) can be selected as energy supply.

The direct current coil group is formed by winding and sealing high-temperature superconducting materials or oxygen-free copper, each group of coils independently supplies power, and the position and the size of a magnetic field can be adjusted.

The compression of the collision fusion field inversion shape is mainly axial compression of the field inversion shape by using a plasma propulsion layer generated by a high-speed plasma cluster generator array, but not violent radial compression.

The utility model discloses an implementation process does:

(1) the field inversion forming and transmitting system at the left and right ends of the fusion device forms plasma density of approximately 2e21m in the source region^-3The ion temperature is about 500eV, the elongation ratio is more than about 10, the jet transmission speed is more than two groups of field inversion shapes of 150km/s, the advancing kinetic energy of the field inversion shape plasma comes from axial ampere force generated by the interaction of the circumferential current and the radial magnetic field of the plasma, and the field inversion shape is accelerated to the alfen speed or the super alfen speed; the field inversion shapes are transmitted to the central combustion chamber along the straight magnetic field generated by the direct current magnetic field coil group, and then the two groups of field inversion shapes collide and are fused into a new field inversion shape with higher temperature in the central combustion chamber.

(2) After the inversion of the collision fusion field is formed, the internal fast-reacting magnetic field coil near the cone-like chamber disperses the originally straight magnetic lines in the cone-like chamber region toThe plasma group enters, and a plurality of high momentum densities (the density is higher than 2e23 m) are emitted simultaneously by the high-speed plasma group generator array which is symmetrically distributed^-3Jet velocity higher than 50km/s), which travel along the diverging magnetic field lines and then gradually merge into a whole during the travel, forming a high density (higher than 2e23 m) of high velocity (velocity greater than 50km/s) travel for compression^-3) A plasma propulsion layer;

(3) and (3) enabling the plasma propulsion layer generated in the step (2) to act on the collision fusion field inversion shape generated in the step (1) to push the axial compression of the field inversion shape, and simultaneously starting the magnetic field coil which is close to the edge of the central combustion chamber and has rapid reaction inside, so that the magnetic field of the central combustion chamber is changed, redundant magnetic flux is injected, the magnetic field of a source region is enhanced, and the severe radial expansion of the field inversion shape after the axial compression is prevented.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model the advantage lies in:

(1) the utility model discloses give up traditional solid sleeve compression concept, the impurity pollution of the high Z that the solid sleeve compression brought, piece need frequently to change to the harm of wall, and a series of adverse effects such as outside feed-in current difficulty all can avoid, to a fusion reactor say, use plasma as the driver compression can improve fusion reactor operating efficiency greatly, reduce economic cost.

(2) The utility model provides an axial compression scheme more does benefit to the maintenance of field reversed position shape (FRC) plasma self life-span, including the maintenance or the increase of radial yardstick, radial particle restraint and magnetic flux restraint can remain.

(3) Due to the introduction of the axial plasma propulsion layer, a plasma conductor wall is formed in the axial direction, and the axial plasma propulsion layer is matched with the conductor metal wall of the central combustion chamber, so that the confinement of collision fusion FRC is facilitated in the compression process, and particularly the axial particle confinement of the FRC is obviously improved.

(4) The utility model discloses an it is stable also to some extent to more be favorable to FRC to utilize plasma to impel layer axial compression, and the reason is that, plasma impels layer and inside FRC coupling together in the compression process, and to the most dangerous slope instability among the FRC, such a coupled system probably is favorable.

(5) The utility model discloses utilize plasma propulsion layer to collide the axial compression that fuses the field reversal shape for the compression of great volume FRC (here great volume can indicate field reversal shape plasma separation line radius to be greater than 0.2m) is convenient for implement, and the flat FRC after the compression more is favorable to such as the injection heating of neutral beam to maintain.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the axial compression fusion device based on field inversion plasma of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the specific compression process of the axial compression fusion device based on field inversion plasma of the present invention; wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a field inversion formation and transport system located at the last left and right sides of a fusion device forming a field inversion at a source region and transporting in the device; (b) is a schematic diagram of the formation of a collision fusion field inversion shape and the generation of a number of high-speed plasmoids by a high-speed plasmoid generator array; (c) is a schematic diagram of the formation of a plasma propulsion layer and the imminent axial compression of the collision fusion field inversion shape; (d) is a schematic diagram of the plasma propulsion layer compressing the colliding fusion field in a reverse axial direction to a fusion ignition condition;

in the figure: 1. a magnetic throat coil; a theta coil; 3. a quartz tube; 4. a high-speed plasmoid generator array; 5. a background magnetic field coil; 6. an internal fast reaction coil; 7. initially formed field inversion shapes; 8. a field inversion shape transmitted to the central region; 9. colliding the fused field inversion shapes; 10. high-speed plasmoid ejected by the high-speed plasmoid generator; 11. a plasma propulsion layer; 12. a field inversion shape to achieve fusion ignition conditions; 13. a combustion chamber.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1, the utility model discloses an axial compression fusion device based on field inversion shape plasma, including the main part: a magnetic throat coil 1, a theta coil 2, a quartz tube 3, a high-speed plasma group generator array 4, a background magnetic field coil 5, an internal fast reaction coil 6 and a combustion chamber 13.

In the embodiment, the initially formed field inversion 7 is formed in the formation areas (inside the quartz tube 3) at two ends, and the specific steps are that a pulse gas injection valve is used for injecting a certain proportion of deuterium-tritium gas towards the wall of the quartz tube, then an anti-field theta pinch technology (FRTP) is used for forming the FRC, the radius of the quartz tube 3 is 20cm, the theta coils are tightly attached to the quartz tube for arrangement, the length of the quartz tube 3 and the length of the theta coils are 3-4 m, and the plasma density 2e21-2e22m can be generated^-3The FRC with ion temperature of 200-300eV and elongation ratio of more than 10 adopts dynamic loading to increase the transmission speed to 200-600 km/s.

In the embodiment, the background transmission magnetic field is generated by the background magnetic field coil 5 and the internal fast reaction coil 6 together, the background transmission magnetic field can be adjusted to be about 0.3-0.4T, and the magnetic lines of force are kept in a straight state during FRC transmission.

In this embodiment, the density of field inversion patterns 8 transmitted to the central region is 1-5 × 10²⁰m^-3Temperature of 200-300eV, new FRC formed after collision fusion, radius of field inversion shape 9 after collision fusion is 25-35cm, density is 1-5 × 10²⁰m^-3The temperature is 500-800eV, and the elongation ratio is 8-10.

In this embodiment, the high-speed plasmoid generator array 4 is composed of 120 high-speed plasmoid generators, the 120 high-speed plasmoid generators account for half of the high-speed plasmoid generators at the left and right ends of the device respectively, the kinetic energy of the high-speed plasmoid 10 ejected by each high-speed plasmoid generator is 100 kilojoules, and the total initial kinetic energy is 12 megajoules.

In this embodiment, the compression process can be approximately calculated by the adiabatic compression model, and the technical parameters are as follows:

as shown in fig. 2, the method of the present invention includes the following steps:

the first step is as follows: as shown in fig. 2 (a), a background direct current magnetic field is started, a magnetic field of about 0.3-0.4T is generated in a vacuum chamber, a pulse gas injection valve is opened, deuterium-tritium gas with a certain proportion is injected into a quartz tube area, after 3-5ms, magnetic throat coils at two ends of a theta coil 2 are started after the gas is uniformly filled in a source area, then the theta coil 2 starts to discharge, the discharge sequence is that firstly a bias magnetic field is generated, then a high-frequency oscillation current is superposed on the bias magnetic field, a strong circumferential electric field is induced in the quartz tube, the deuterium-tritium gas is well ionized, in the step, an external auxiliary ionization measure can be adopted to ensure that the ionization is more sufficient (for example, a plasma gun is introduced to generate plasma or a radio frequency source is used for auxiliary ionization), the generated plasma freezes an initial bias magnetic field, finally a main compression field is started, and a main field which ascends rapidly compresses reserved magnetic flux and plasma, the magnetic throats at the two ends are used for preventing the magnetic force lines from tearing and reconnection, so that the magnetic force lines can be controllably reconnected at the tail end of the quartz tube, after the magnetic field reconnection is completed, an FRC (field-replaceable resistor) closed magnetic force line structure is formed, meanwhile, a main field adopts a dynamic loading mode, a stronger magnetic field gradient is formed in a source region, and under the magnetic field gradient, an initially formed field inversion shape 7 starts to accelerate, is separated from the source region, and is transmitted towards a central region along the magnetic force lines at a high speed.

The second step is that: as shown in fig. 2 (b), two high-speed transmission field inversion patterns are collided and fused at the center, after a few alfen times, the collided and fused field inversion pattern 9 is formed, and at the same time, the fast reaction coil 6 in the similar conical chamber area is started to generate a reverse magnetic field to disperse originally straight magnetic lines of force in the similar conical chamber area to a proper angle, and at the same time, the high-speed plasmoid generator array emits high-speed plasmoids 10, and a plurality of plasmoids have extremely high momentum density and move towards the center in an inclined manner.

The third step: as shown in fig. 2 (c), a plurality of plasma clusters form a plasma propulsion layer 11, the plasma propulsion layer compresses the target FRC, propels the FRC, axial compression starts, and simultaneously, a magnetic field coil which is close to the interior of the central combustion chamber and reacts rapidly injects redundant magnetic flux, so that the magnetic field of the source region is gradually enhanced to about 10T, and severe radial expansion after the field inversion is compressed axially is prevented, and the radius of the separation line of the FRC is kept unchanged basically due to the enhanced magnetic field in the process.

The fourth step: as shown in fig. 2 (d), the plasma propulsion layer 11 continuously consumes the self kinetic energy to provide energy for the compressed target plasma, the plasma propulsion layer continuously decelerates, the center target FRC is continuously compressed, the density temperature gradually rises, when the compression is carried out to the end, a flat field inversion shape 12 reaching the fusion ignition condition is formed in the combustion chamber 13, then the fusion combustion is started under the strong magnetic field constraint, and the fusion energy is continuously released.

The above embodiments are provided only for the purpose of describing the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various equivalent substitutions and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An axial compression fusion device based on field inversion plasma, comprising: the plasma generator comprises a field inversion shape forming and transmitting system, a high-speed plasma group generator array, an internal fast-reaction magnetic field coil set, a central combustion chamber and an external direct current coil set; the inside of the whole device is in a high vacuum environment; the field inversion shape forming and transmitting systems are symmetrically distributed on the left and right last sides of the compression fusion device; each array consists of a plurality of plasma cluster generators and is symmetrically distributed outside the quasi-conical chambers on two sides of the central combustion chamber; the magnetic field coil group with the internal rapid reaction is symmetrically distributed from the vicinity of a jet orifice of the high-speed plasma group generator to the edge part of the central combustion chamber, the central combustion chamber is positioned in the center of the whole compression fusion device, a plurality of direct current coils with different specifications are uniformly distributed outside the central combustion chamber, each coil is separated by a certain distance and is symmetrically distributed in the left and right directions, and a plasma propulsion layer generated by the high-speed plasma group generator array is utilized to axially compress the reverse shape of a collision fusion field positioned in the central combustion chamber, so that the fusion ignition condition is achieved.

2. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the system for forming the field inversion comprises: the theta coil, the quartz tube and the magnetic throat coils at two ends of the quartz tube; the quartz tube is arranged at the tail ends of the left side and the right side of the whole device, the theta coils are continuously and uniformly sleeved outside the quartz tube, and the magnetic throat coils are fixedly arranged at the two sides of the quartz tube.

3. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the theta coils are made of oxygen-free copper, the inner diameter of each theta coil is the same, and the plurality of theta coils are arranged into a cylindrical shape.

4. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the high-speed plasma group generator array consists of a plurality of high-speed plasma group generators which are symmetrically distributed along the similar conical chamber ring direction, and a plasma propulsion layer can be formed by a plurality of high-speed plasma groups generated by the high-speed plasma group generator array and moves forward from two sides to the central combustion chamber along magnetic lines of force.

5. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the magnetic field coil group with the internal quick reaction is made of oxygen-free copper, is wrapped by ceramic insulating materials and is installed at a position close to the inner wall of the device in the vacuum chamber, each coil in the magnetic field coil group independently provides a power supply, and the power supply is a high-voltage pulse capacitor with the voltage up to 50kV and the small capacitance value of 10-500 mu F and serves as energy supply.

6. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the direct current coil group is formed by winding and sealing high-temperature superconducting materials or oxygen-free copper, each group of coils in the direct current coil group independently supplies power, and the position and the size of a magnetic field can be adjusted.