CN213624014U

CN213624014U - Gasification furnace

Info

Publication number: CN213624014U
Application number: CN202022268016.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 毛燕东; 刘雷; 李克忠
Original assignee: ENN Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: ENN Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-13
Filing date: 2020-10-13
Publication date: 2021-07-06
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-13

Abstract

The utility model provides a gasification furnace, include: the heat exchange zone, the gasification reaction zone and the slag discharging zone are sequentially communicated from top to bottom; an inner cylinder is arranged in the heat exchange area, and a heat exchange space is arranged between the inner cylinder and the side wall of the heat exchange area and used for carrying out heat exchange and temperature reduction on high-temperature crude gas generated in the gasification reaction area; the top of the heat exchange area is provided with a plurality of raw material coal inlets, the side wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes, so that low-temperature raw gas obtained after cooling in the heat exchange space enters the inner cylinder, contacts and mixes with the raw material coal entering the inner cylinder, and generates medium and low temperature pyrolysis reaction; the top of the heat exchange area is also provided with a crude gas outlet. The utility model discloses in, through establishing the replacement hot area on gasification reaction zone upper portion for low temperature raw material coal and the low temperature raw gas contact after the cooling, mix in the stove, low temperature pyrolytic reaction in taking place has improved gasifier export raw gas well added value coal tar content greatly, has reduced raw gas outlet temperature.

Description

Gasification furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a coal gasification technical field particularly, relates to a gasifier.

Background

Coal gasification technology is an important way to utilize coal cleanly and efficiently. China is rich in coal resources and relatively deficient in oil and gas resources, and abundant coal is converted into clean gas and oil, so that the coal is attracted by much attention and applied in recent years. The fluidized bed gasification furnace is widely applied to a coal gasification process due to the reasons of uniform temperature in the furnace, uniform gas-solid mixing, good contact, high gasification efficiency and the like. However, the temperature gradient of the whole bed layer of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is small, the raw material coal is directly mixed with high-temperature flue gas or high-temperature bed material after entering the furnace, and the tar separated out by pyrolysis is cracked and lost at a higher temperature, so that the tar content in the crude gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace is greatly reduced; the temperature of the raw gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace is high, so that the subsequent waste heat boiler is designed and selected, more problems are brought to a subsequent cooling system, the temperature of the raw gas is high, the heat exchange load of the subsequent system is large, the equipment investment is high, and the consumption of cold media such as water is large, so that high amount of wastewater is discharged.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the utility model provides a gasifier aims at solving the problem that current gasifier export coarse coal gas temperature is high, tar content is low, follow-up system investment is high, heat transfer load is big and waste water output is high.

The utility model provides a gasification furnace, include: the heat exchange zone, the gasification reaction zone and the slag discharging zone are sequentially communicated from top to bottom; the top of the gasification reaction zone is communicated with the heat exchange zone and is used for conveying high-temperature crude gas generated in the gasification reaction zone to the heat exchange zone; an inner cylinder is arranged in the heat exchange zone, and a heat exchange space is formed between the inner cylinder and the side wall of the heat exchange zone and used for carrying out heat exchange and temperature reduction on high-temperature crude gas generated in the gasification reaction zone; the top of the heat exchange area is provided with a plurality of raw material coal inlets for conveying raw material coal into an inner cylinder of the heat exchange area; the side wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes for enabling low-temperature raw gas obtained after cooling in the heat exchange space to enter the inner cylinder and contact and mix with raw material coal entering the inner cylinder to generate medium and low temperature pyrolysis reaction; and the top of the heat exchange area is also provided with a crude gas outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas and tar generated by the medium-low temperature pyrolysis reaction and crude gas generated by the gasification reaction area out of the heat exchange area.

Further, in the gasification furnace, the heat exchange area includes: the end enclosure and the cylinder are communicated; wherein,

a raw coal gas outlet is formed in the center of the top of the seal head, and raw coal inlets are formed in two sides of the raw coal gas outlet in the top of the seal head respectively; an inner cylinder is arranged in the cylinder body, and a heat exchange space is formed in a region between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the cylinder body; the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with a cooling water jacket, the lower part of the cooling water jacket is provided with a cooling water inlet, and the upper part of the cooling water jacket is provided with a saturated steam outlet for cooling the high-temperature raw gas entering the heat exchange space.

Furthermore, in the gasification furnace, the side wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of circles of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes along the axial direction, and the aperture of each circle of low-temperature raw gas inlet hole is gradually increased from top to bottom.

Furthermore, in the gasification furnace, the aperture of the low-temperature raw gas inlet hole positioned at the lower part in two adjacent circles of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes is 1.05-1.2 times that of the low-temperature raw gas inlet hole positioned at the upper part.

Furthermore, in the gasification furnace, a raw material coal guide plate is arranged between the inner wall of the heat exchange area, which is close to the lower part of the raw material coal inlet, and the top of the inner cylinder.

Further, in the gasification furnace, the raw material coal guide plate is of a conical structure, the conical top end of the conical structure faces the inner cylinder, and an included angle between the conical top end of the conical structure and the horizontal plane is 40-75 degrees.

Furthermore, in the gasification furnace, the raw material coal guide plate is provided with a plurality of cooling water atomizing nozzles for spraying atomized cooling water into the heat exchange space.

Further, in the gasification furnace, a flap valve structure capable of being turned over in the horizontal direction is arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder, so that when the flap valve structure is turned over to be in a horizontal state, the raw material coal is retained in the inner cylinder, and is in contact with the low-temperature raw coal gas to exchange heat, and medium-low temperature pyrolysis reaction is carried out.

Further, in the above gasification furnace, the flap valve structure includes: the external rotary actuator, two sections of linkage rods and a disc; the linkage rods are oppositely arranged on two sides of the disc, the first section of the linkage rods is sequentially and rotatably arranged on the side wall of the heat exchange area and the side wall of the inner cylinder in a penetrating mode and is connected with the central part of one side of the disc, one end of the second section of the linkage rods is rotatably connected with the side wall of the inner cylinder, and the other section of the linkage rods is connected with the central part of the other side of the disc; the external rotation executing mechanism is connected with the linkage rod at the first section and used for driving the linkage rod to drive the disc to turn.

Further, in the gasification furnace, the outer wall of the heat exchange zone corresponding to the heat exchange space is of a metal wall structure, and the outer walls of the gasification reaction zone and the slag discharge zone are both formed by an outer metal wall surface and an inner refractory material lining.

The utility model provides a gasifier through establishing the replacement hot area on gasification reaction district upper portion, retrieves, cools down the high temperature raw coal gas that gasification reaction district produced for low temperature raw coal gas contact, the mixture after income stove raw material coal and cooling takes place middle and low temperature pyrolytic reaction, has improved gasifier export raw coal gas well added value coal tar content greatly, has reduced raw coal gas outlet temperature, is favorable to improving the whole technological economy nature of coal gasification technology.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification furnace provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a flap valve according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, the gasification furnace of the embodiment of the present invention includes: the heat exchange area 1, the gasification reaction area 2 and the slag discharge area 3 are sequentially communicated from top to bottom; the top of the gasification reaction zone 2 is communicated with the heat exchange zone 1, and is used for conveying high-temperature crude gas generated in the gasification reaction zone 2 to the heat exchange zone 1; an inner cylinder 121 is arranged in the heat exchange zone 1, and a heat exchange space is arranged between the inner cylinder 121 and the side wall of the heat exchange zone 1 and used for carrying out heat exchange and temperature reduction on high-temperature crude gas generated in the gasification reaction zone 2; the top of the heat exchange area 1 is provided with a plurality of raw material coal inlets 110 for conveying raw material coal into an inner cylinder 121 of the heat exchange area 1; a plurality of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes are formed in the side wall of the inner cylinder 121, so that low-temperature raw gas obtained after cooling in the heat exchange space enters the inner cylinder 121, contacts and mixes with raw material coal entering the inner cylinder 121, and undergoes a medium-low temperature pyrolysis reaction; the top of the heat exchange zone 1 is further provided with a crude gas outlet 111 for discharging pyrolysis gas and tar generated by the medium-low temperature pyrolysis reaction and crude gas generated by the gasification reaction zone out of the heat exchange zone 1.

Specifically, the heat transfer zone 1 may have a straight cylindrical structure having a large diameter so as to increase a heat transfer area and facilitate installation of the inner cylinder 121, the cooling water nozzle, and the like. The heat exchange zone 1 is communicated with the gasification reaction zone 2 through a first dense-phase bed reducing section 21 of the gasification reaction zone 2 so as to keep smooth transition at the joint and no flowing dead zone of materials in the furnace. The outer wall of the heat exchange area 1 corresponding to the heat exchange space is of a metal wall structure.

The inner cylinder 121 of the heat exchange area 1 is a metal cylindrical cylinder with a certain wall thickness, and a cover plate with adjustable opening and closing degrees can be arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder 121 to provide a staying space for raw material coal. Two sides of the top of the heat exchange area 1 are provided with raw material coal inlets 110 to convey the raw material coal to an inner cylinder 121 in the heat exchange area 1, so that the raw material coal and the low-temperature raw gas after heat exchange in the inner cylinder 121 undergo a medium-low temperature pyrolysis reaction, and the semicoke generated after pyrolysis is conveyed to the gasification reaction area 2 through the bottom of the inner cylinder 121. The top center of the heat exchange zone 1 can be provided with a raw gas outlet 111, and pyrolysis gas, tar and part of the raw gas generated by pyrolysis reaction can be discharged out of the gasification furnace through the raw gas outlet 111.

Further, a flap valve structure 4 capable of being turned over in the horizontal direction is arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder 121, so that when the flap valve structure 4 is turned over to be in a horizontal state, raw material coal is left in the inner cylinder 121 and contacts and exchanges heat with low-temperature raw coal gas, and medium-low temperature pyrolysis reaction occurs.

Specifically, the flap valve structure 4 can be along the horizontal plane upset preset angle at inner tube 121 bottom terminal surface place, when the flap valve structure 4 level was placed, the high temperature coarse coal gas that gasification reaction zone 2 produced can't get into the inner tube 121 in heat transfer district 1, but gets into the heat transfer space that forms between inner tube 121 outer wall and heat transfer district 1 inner wall, with the cooling medium heat transfer cooling in the cooling water jacket 8 of heat transfer district 1 outside, the low temperature coarse coal gas after the cooling gets into in the inner tube 121 through the low temperature coarse coal gas inlet port of seting up on the inner tube 121 wall, with cold raw materials coal contact heat transfer, the pyrolytic reaction of raw materials coal takes place simultaneously.

When more solid-phase substances are in the inner cylinder 121 and heat exchange is sufficient, the flap valve can be opened discontinuously to turn the flap valve structure 4 to the vertical direction, so that the solid materials in the inner cylinder 121 fall into the bed layer of the lower gasification reaction zone 2 to generate a coal gasification reaction.

With reference to fig. 2, the flap valve structure 4 comprises: an external rotary actuator 41, two sections of linkage rods 42 and a disc 43; the two sections of linkage rods 42 are oppositely arranged on two sides of the disc 43, the first section of linkage rods 42 are sequentially and rotatably arranged on the side wall of the heat exchange area 1 and the side wall of the inner cylinder 121 in a penetrating way and are connected with the central part of one side of the disc 43, one end of the second section of linkage rods 42 is rotatably connected with the side wall of the inner cylinder 121, and the other section of linkage rods 42 is connected with the central part of the other side of the disc 43; the external rotation actuator 41 is connected to the first section of the linkage rod 42, and is used for driving the linkage rod 42 to drive the disc 43 to turn.

Wherein: the disc 43 may be a closed disc without coal dropping holes or a semi-closed disc structure with coal dropping holes 431, so that when the disc 43 is turned over to the horizontal direction, a small amount of coal particles can still be kept to fall into the bed layer of the lower gasification reaction zone 2 along the coal dropping holes. The coal dropping hole 431 may be a circular hole. The two sections of linkage rods 42 can be respectively fixed with the disc 43 through a plurality of bolts 5.

The gasification reaction zone 2 may be a straight cylinder structure or a variable diameter cylinder structure, in this embodiment, the gasification reaction zone 2 includes: a first dense-phase bed reducing section 21, a first dense-phase bed straight-tube section 22, a second dense-phase bed reducing section 23 and a second dense-phase bed straight-tube section 24 which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom; wherein, the end with larger caliber of the first dense-phase bed layer reducing section 21 is communicated with the heat exchange zone 1, and the lower end of the second dense-phase bed layer straight-tube section 24 is communicated with the slag discharging zone 3.

More specifically, the diameter of the first dense bed straight section 22 is greater than the diameter of the second dense bed straight section 24. The second dense phase bed straight cylinder section 24 is communicated with the conical gas distribution plate of the slag discharge zone 3, the connection part of the second dense phase bed straight cylinder section and the conical gas distribution plate keeps smooth transition, and the diameter of the second dense phase bed straight cylinder section 24 is the same as that of the upper end of the conical gas distribution plate. The first dense-phase bed reducing section 21 and the second dense-phase bed reducing section 23 may be both of a circular truncated cone-shaped structure, and the larger end of the circular truncated cone-shaped structure is arranged upward. In this embodiment, the outer wall of each section of the dense phase bed of the gasification reaction zone 2 and the outer wall of the slag discharge zone 3 may be both formed by an outer metal wall and an inner refractory lining.

The slag discharge area 3 includes: a conical gas distribution plate 31, a central jet pipe 32 and a slag discharge pipeline 33; the end with the smaller caliber of the conical gas distribution plate 31 is arranged towards the slag discharge port, the slag discharge pipeline 33 is communicated with the end with the smaller caliber of the conical gas distribution plate 31, and the central jet pipe 32 is sleeved inside the slag discharge pipeline 33.

Specifically, the conical tip (end with a smaller diameter) of the conical gas distribution plate 31 is disposed close to the slag discharge line 33, and the conical tip (end with a larger diameter) of the conical gas distribution plate 31 is disposed close to the dense phase zone. A plurality of groups of air inlets are arranged on the conical surface of the conical gas distribution plate 31 along the circumferential direction, and the gasification agent enters the gasification reaction zone 2 after being distributed through the air inlets on the gas distribution plate.

The conical gas distribution plate 31 may be in communication with a subsequent deslagging system via a deslagging pipeline 33. The central jet pipe 32 is located inside the slag discharge pipeline 33 and is arranged coaxially with the slag discharge pipeline 33. An annular gap slag discharge channel is formed between the central jet pipe 32 and the slag discharge pipeline 33.

The top of the central jet pipe 32 is located below a circle of air inlets close to the top end of the cone on the cone-shaped distribution plate, and the bottom of the central jet pipe 32 extends out to be below a slag discharge port of the slag discharge pipeline 33.

The above obviously shows that, in the gasification furnace provided in this embodiment, the replacement hot zone is arranged at the upper part of the gasification reaction zone, and the high-temperature raw gas generated in the gasification reaction zone is recovered and cooled, so that the raw material coal entering the furnace is contacted and mixed with the cooled low-temperature raw gas, and medium and low temperature pyrolysis reaction occurs, thereby greatly increasing the content of high value-added coal tar in the raw gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace, reducing the outlet temperature of the raw gas, and being beneficial to improving the overall technical economy of the gasification process.

In the above embodiment, the heat exchange area 1 includes: the end socket 11 and the cylinder 12 are communicated; wherein, a raw gas outlet 111 is arranged at the center of the top of the end enclosure 11, and raw material coal inlets 110 are respectively arranged at two sides of the top of the end enclosure 11; an inner cylinder 121 is arranged in the cylinder 12, and a heat exchange space is formed in a region between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 121 and the inner wall of the cylinder 12; and a cooling water jacket 8 is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder 12 and is used for cooling the high-temperature raw gas entering the heat exchange space.

Specifically, the end enclosure 11 may have an oval structure, and is formed by an outer metal wall surface and an inner refractory lining, two raw coal inlets 110 are respectively disposed on two sides of the end enclosure 11, and the two raw coal inlets 110 may be symmetrically disposed on two sides of the end enclosure 11. The outer wall of the barrel 12 may be made of metal to increase heat conductivity. In this embodiment, the diameter of the cylinder 12 of the heat transfer zone 1 is larger than the diameters of the gasification reaction zone 2 and the slag discharge zone 3.

The inner cylinder 121 and the cylinder 12 are coaxially arranged, a gap between the inner cylinder and the cylinder 12 forms a heat exchange space of high-temperature crude gas, in order to ensure a heat exchange effect, the outer wall of the cylinder 12 is provided with a cooling water jacket 8, the lower part of the cooling water jacket 8 is provided with a cooling water inlet 81, the cooling water can be boiler water, and the upper part of the cooling water jacket 8 is provided with a saturated steam outlet 82. The arrangement of the cooling water jacket 8 can reduce the temperature of the high-temperature crude gas generated in the gasification reaction zone 2 and can realize the heat recovery.

In the above embodiment, the sidewall of the inner cylinder 121 is axially provided with a plurality of circles of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes 1211, and the aperture of each circle of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes 1211 gradually increases from top to bottom. When the inner cylinder 121 has a raw material coal bed layer with a certain height, the low-temperature raw gas entering from the side wall of the lower part of the inner cylinder 121 needs to overcome higher resistance, so that the low-temperature raw gas inlet 1211 with a larger aperture is formed in the lower part of the inner cylinder 121, the entering pressure drop and resistance of the low-temperature raw gas can be reduced, and the problem that the low-temperature raw gas enters the inner cylinder 121 from the inlet with a smaller upper resistance, and no raw gas enters the lower part or the raw gas amount is too low, so that the low-temperature raw gas and the raw material coal at the lower part of the inner cylinder 121 are contacted.

Preferably, the aperture of the low-temperature raw gas inlet 1211 positioned at the lower part of two adjacent circles of low-temperature raw gas inlet 1211 is 1.05-1.2 times of the aperture of the low-temperature raw gas inlet 1211 positioned at the upper part.

In the above embodiments, a raw material coal guide plate 6 is disposed between the inner wall of the heat exchange zone 1 near the lower portion of the raw material coal inlet 110 and the top of the inner cylinder 121.

Specifically, the bottom end of the raw material coal guide plate 6 is communicated with the top of the inner cylinder 121, and the top end of the raw material coal guide plate 6 is communicated with the position, close to the raw material coal inlet 110, on the seal head 11. Namely: a raw material coal guide plate 6 is arranged between the inner wall of the seal head 11 below the raw material coal inlet 110 and the top of the inner cylinder 121. Preferably, the feed coal inlet 110 is located near the outer edge of the feed coal deflector 6 to ensure that the incoming feed coal slides down the inclined wall of the feed coal deflector 6 while remaining uniformly dispersed.

In this embodiment, the raw material coal deflector 6 is a tapered structure, the tapered end of the tapered structure faces the inner cylinder 121, and the included angle α between the tapered end of the tapered structure and the horizontal plane is 40 to 75 °, so as to prevent the raw material coal from accumulating on the raw material coal deflector 6. When the raw material coal falls onto the raw material coal guide plate 6, the raw material coal and the high-temperature raw gas on the opposite side of the wall surface of the raw material coal guide plate 6 are subjected to indirect contact heat exchange. The raw material coal guide plate 6 can be made of metal materials.

Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, the raw material coal guide plate 6 is provided with a plurality of cooling water atomizing nozzles 7 for spraying atomized cooling water into the heat exchange space, so that the atomized cooling water directly contacts with the high-temperature raw coal gas, and the heat exchange and cooling effects are further enhanced.

To sum up, the utility model discloses in the gasifier that provides, through establishing the replacement hot area on gasification reaction district upper portion, retrieve, cool down the high temperature raw coal gas that gasification reaction district produced for low temperature raw coal gas contact, the mixture after income stove raw coal and cooling takes place middle and low temperature pyrolytic reaction, has improved gasifier export raw coal gas well added value coal tar content greatly, has reduced raw coal gas outlet temperature, is favorable to improving the whole technological economy of coal gasification technology.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A gasification furnace, comprising: the heat exchange zone, the gasification reaction zone and the slag discharging zone are sequentially communicated from top to bottom; wherein,

the top of the gasification reaction zone is communicated with the heat exchange zone and is used for conveying high-temperature crude gas generated by the gasification reaction zone to the heat exchange zone;

an inner cylinder is arranged in the heat exchange zone, and a heat exchange space is formed between the inner cylinder and the side wall of the heat exchange zone and used for carrying out heat exchange and temperature reduction on high-temperature crude gas generated in the gasification reaction zone;

the top of the heat exchange area is provided with a plurality of raw material coal inlets for conveying raw material coal into an inner cylinder of the heat exchange area;

the side wall of the inner cylinder is provided with a plurality of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes for enabling low-temperature raw gas obtained after cooling in the heat exchange space to enter the inner cylinder and contact and mix with raw material coal entering the inner cylinder to generate medium and low temperature pyrolysis reaction;

and the top of the heat exchange area is also provided with a crude gas outlet for discharging pyrolysis gas and tar generated by the medium-low temperature pyrolysis reaction and crude gas generated by the gasification reaction area out of the heat exchange area.

2. The gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer zone comprises: the end enclosure and the cylinder are communicated; wherein,

a raw coal gas outlet is formed in the center of the top of the seal head, and raw coal inlets are formed in two sides of the raw coal gas outlet in the top of the seal head respectively;

an inner cylinder is arranged in the cylinder body, and a heat exchange space is formed in a region between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the cylinder body; the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with a cooling water jacket, the lower part of the cooling water jacket is provided with a cooling water inlet, and the upper part of the cooling water jacket is provided with a saturated steam outlet for cooling the high-temperature raw gas entering the heat exchange space.

3. The gasification furnace according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of circles of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes are formed in the side wall of the inner cylinder along the axial direction, and the aperture of each circle of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes is gradually increased from top to bottom.

4. The gasification furnace according to claim 3, wherein the aperture of the low-temperature raw gas inlet hole positioned at the lower part of two adjacent circles of low-temperature raw gas inlet holes is 1.05-1.2 times of the aperture of the low-temperature raw gas inlet hole positioned at the upper part.

5. The gasifier according to claim 1, wherein a raw coal deflector is disposed between an inner wall of the heat transfer zone adjacent to a lower portion of the raw coal inlet and a top portion of the inner barrel.

6. The gasification furnace according to claim 5, wherein the raw material coal guide plate is of a conical structure, the conical top end of the conical structure is arranged towards the inner cylinder, and the included angle between the conical top end of the conical structure and the horizontal plane is 40-75 degrees.

7. The gasification furnace according to claim 5, wherein the raw coal guide plate is provided with a plurality of cooling water atomization nozzles for spraying atomized cooling water into the heat exchange space.

8. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a flap valve structure capable of being turned over in the horizontal direction is arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder, so that when the flap valve structure is turned over to be in a horizontal state, raw material coal is retained in the inner cylinder, and contacts and exchanges heat with low-temperature raw gas, and medium-low temperature pyrolysis reaction is generated.

9. The gasifier according to claim 8, wherein the flap valve structure comprises: the external rotary actuator, two sections of linkage rods and a disc; wherein,

the two sections of linkage rods are oppositely arranged on two sides of the disc, the first section of linkage rods sequentially and rotatably penetrates through the side wall of the heat exchange area and the side wall of the inner cylinder and is connected with the central part of one side of the disc, one end of the second section of linkage rods is rotatably connected with the side wall of the inner cylinder, and the other section of linkage rods is connected with the central part of the other side of the disc;

the external rotation executing mechanism is connected with the linkage rod at the first section and used for driving the linkage rod to drive the disc to turn.

10. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein an outer wall of the heat exchange zone corresponding to the heat exchange space is of a metal wall structure, and outer walls of the gasification reaction zone and the slag discharge zone are both formed by an outer metal wall surface and an inner refractory lining.