CN212947098U

CN212947098U - Multipurpose numerically controlled grinder

Info

Publication number: CN212947098U
Application number: CN202021827160.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄玉平; 何理论; 徐强; 杨增辉; 郑继贵; 张晋军
Original assignee: Beijing Research Institute of Precise Mechatronic Controls
Current assignee: Beijing Research Institute of Precise Mechatronic Controls
Priority date: 2020-08-27
Filing date: 2020-08-27
Publication date: 2021-04-13
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-27

Abstract

The invention relates to a multipurpose numerical control grinding machine, which comprises: when the part to be machined is a straight-tooth shaft type part, the height of an X-axis grinding wheel is adjusted, the position of the X-axis grinding wheel on an X axis is adjusted, so that the middle-sized surface of the X-axis grinding wheel is coplanar with the axis of the part to be machined, and then the X-axis grinding wheel track is interpolated through the linkage of a Y axis and a Z axis, so that the gear grinding of the part inserted with the straight-tooth shaft type part is realized; when the part to be processed is a nut part, a tailstock is not arranged on the workbench, and the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the grinding wheel are adjusted to realize inner circle grinding, namely the inner ring groove processing or the inner hole processing of the nut part; when the part to be machined is a cam part or a flange part, the cam part or the flange part is ground in a non-circular track and distribution holes through linkage in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the coordinate boring machine has a coordinate boring function; when the part to be processed is the nut, the grinding of the internal thread of the nut is realized.

Description

Multipurpose numerically controlled grinder

Technical Field

The invention relates to a multipurpose numerical control grinding machine, and belongs to the technical field of machine manufacturing.

Background

The forming grinder belongs to precision machining equipment, typically comprises a gear grinder, a thread grinder, a rotor grinder and the like, is generally special equipment, is usually designed aiming at a certain function, realizes the machining of one characteristic, and forms mass production capacity through quantity line assembly in actual production. However, as the demand of equipment increases and the updating period is shortened, the modular design becomes the development trend of commercial machine tools. The modular design has the advantages that the convenient and fast conversion of functions can be realized by replacing different accessories of a single device, and each module is similar in structure to industrialization, so that the batch production is facilitated, and the production cost of the device is reduced. In addition, another kind of demand is different from the demand point of forming the special machine tool of the production line, the equipment is mainly developed aiming at a prototype and a single product, the precision requirement is high, the occupied area is small, the processing requirement of more characteristics is met, the equipment quantity is reduced, the multipurpose design of module diversification is emphasized, most of the existing commercial equipment is limited by the layout and the structure, and the multipurpose purpose cannot be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: overcome above-mentioned prior art not enough, provide a multipurpose numerically controlled grinder, this grinder is through the stand of design consolidation, Y axle motion degree of freedom has, the L type support of design can conveniently install Z axle electric main shaft and X axle electric main shaft, realize two kinds of grinding modes of emery wheel axis parallel and perpendicular to work piece axis, owing to increased Y axle degree of freedom, this grinder accessible X axle, Y axle and Z axle linkage realize the processing of more types of characteristics such as distribution hole boring or grinding, interior circle and multiseriate inner ring groove grinding, slotting tool coping and the grinding of cam non-circular profile.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multipurpose numerically controlled grinding machine, comprising: the automatic numerical control lathe comprises a lathe bed (1), a workbench (22), a stand column (15), a workpiece headstock (5), a tailstock (13), a trimmer (11), a Y-direction guide rail (17), a Y-direction lead screw (18), a Y-direction servo motor (16), a Y-direction translation table (24), an X-axis guide rail (25), an L-shaped support (10), an X-direction lead screw (20) and an X-direction servo motor (19)

A workbench (22) and a stand column (15) are arranged on the bed body (1); the workbench (22) is provided with a workpiece headstock (5) and a trimmer (11), and is optionally provided with a tailstock (13), and when the tailstock (13) is arranged, the tailstock (13) is positioned between the workpiece headstock (5) and the trimmer (11); the upright post (15) is positioned beside the workbench (22);

the moving direction of the workbench (22) on the bed body (1) is along the Z-axis direction;

a Y-direction guide rail (17), a Y-direction lead screw (18) and a Y-direction servo motor (16) are arranged on the side surface of the upright post (15), a Y-direction translation table (24) is fixed on the Y-direction guide rail (17), and the Y-direction translation table (24) can move along the Y axis; the Y-direction guide rail (17) is arranged along the vertical direction of the upright post (15), namely the Y-axis direction; a nut of the Y-direction screw rod (18) is fixedly connected with the Y-direction translation table (24), and the Y-direction screw rod (18) rotates to drive the nut of the Y-direction screw rod (18) to move, so that the Y-direction translation table (24) is driven to move along the Y-axis direction on the Y-direction guide rail (17);

an X-axis guide rail (25) is fixed on the Y-direction translation table (24), and the X-axis guide rail (25) is arranged along the X direction; the X-axis direction is vertical to the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction; the X-axis guide rail (25) is a dovetail guide rail, and the X-axis guide rail (25) is fixedly connected with the Y-direction translation table (24) by bolts; an L-shaped support (10) is arranged on one side of the X-axis guide rail (25) close to the workpiece headstock (5),

a screw rod of the X-direction screw rod (20) is fixed on the Y-direction translation table (24); the nut of the X-direction lead screw (20) is fixed with one side of the L-shaped support (10) facing the X-axis guide rail (25), one side of the L-shaped support (10) facing the X-axis guide rail (25) is also provided with a slide rail, and the L-shaped support (10) can slide on the X-axis guide rail (25) along the X direction through the matching of the slide rail and the X-axis guide rail (25);

the nut of the L-shaped support (10) and the X-direction lead screw (20) are fixedly connected by using a bolt, the X-direction lead screw (20) is driven by an X-direction servo motor (19), and the X-direction servo motor (19) is fixed on a Y-direction translation table (24);

an X-direction electric spindle support (14) is arranged on the L-shaped support (10) (on the side where the sliding rail is not installed) and used for installing an X-direction electric spindle (21), and the electric spindle (21) can drive an X-direction grinding wheel (26) to rotate and is used for grinding a workpiece to be machined.

Preferably, lathe bed (1) is T shape, including horizontal part and vertical part, and stand (15) are located by workstation (22) and mean: the workbench (22) is positioned at the transverse part of the bed body (1), and the upright post (15) is positioned at the vertical part of the bed body (1).

Preferably, the device also comprises a Z-direction guide rail (2), a Z-direction lead screw (4) and a Z-direction servo motor (3);

the lathe bed (1) is a T-shaped lathe bed and is used for simultaneously supporting the workbench (22) and the upright post (15); the upright column (15) is fixedly connected with the lathe bed (1) and does not move, a Z-direction guide rail (2), a Z-direction lead screw (4) and a Z-direction servo motor (3) are arranged between the workbench (22) and the lathe bed (1), and the workbench (22) drives the Z-direction lead screw (4) to drive the workbench (22) to horizontally move along a Z axis depending on the servo motor (3).

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: an X-direction electric spindle support (14), a Z-direction electric spindle support (9) and a Z-direction electric spindle (8);

the L-shaped support (10) is L-shaped, a bolt hole is arranged on one side of the long edge of the L-shaped support (10) where the X-direction electric spindle support (14) needs to be installed, and is used for installing the X-direction electric spindle support (14), a slide rail and a nut seat are arranged on one side facing the X-axis guide rail (25), the nut seat is used for fixing a nut of the X-direction lead screw (20), reinforcing rib plates are arranged at the corners of the inner sides of two straight edges of the L-shaped support (10) and are used for increasing the rigidity of the L-shaped support (10), and a threaded hole for installing the Z-direction electric spindle support (9) is arranged on the short edge of the L-shaped support (10) and is; the Z-direction electric spindle (8) can be arranged on the Z-direction electric spindle support (9), and the Z-direction electric spindle (8) is used for driving the Z-direction grinding wheel (27) to rotate and grinding a part to be machined.

Preferably, the long side of the L-shaped support (10) is arranged along the X direction, and the short side of the L-shaped support (10) is arranged along the Z-axis direction.

Preferably, a transition support table is arranged between the dresser (11) and the workbench (22), the transition support table is plate-shaped, and the bottom of the transition support table is detachably connected with the workbench (22); the top of the transition support table is provided with a protruding rotating pin shaft; two pin holes are arranged at the positions which rotate around the central line of the rotating pin shaft by 0 degree and 90 degrees; the bottom of the dresser (11) is provided with a shaft hole matched with the rotating pin shaft, a pluggable positioning pin is arranged at a position matched with the pin hole, when the dresser (11) rotates to a position of 0 degree or 90 degrees, the dresser (11) and the transition support platform can be positioned through the positioning pin, and then the dresser (11) and the transition support platform are fixed through bolts;

a diamond disc wheel is arranged on the trimmer (11), and the rotation axis of the diamond disc wheel is parallel to the Z-axis direction at the 0-degree position; in the 90-degree position, the rotation axis of the diamond disk wheel is parallel to the X-axis direction; therefore, the axes of the diamond disk wheels of the dresser (11) are adjusted to be in different positions parallel or perpendicular to the Z axis respectively, and the outline dressing of the Z axis grinding wheel and the X axis grinding wheel is realized.

Preferably, the 0 position is located along the Z axis and the 90 position is located along the X axis.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a tip (23);

when the tailstock (13) is arranged on the workbench (22), the tailstock (13) is positioned between the workpiece headstock (5) and the dresser (11), and a rotating shaft on the workpiece headstock (5) is a C shaft and is used for clamping a part to be machined; a centre (23) is arranged on a rotating shaft of the workpiece headstock (5) and is matched with a centre arranged on the tailstock (13), one end of a part (12) to be machined is pressed against the centre (23) of the workpiece headstock (5) through a shifting fork, the other end of the part (12) to be machined is pressed against the centre arranged on the tailstock (13), the part (12) to be machined is driven to rotate around a C shaft, and the workpiece headstock 5 has an indexing positioning function and can enable the part (12) to be machined to be fixed at a fixed rotating angle;

preferably, when the part (12) to be machined is a straight-tooth shaft part (the straight-tooth shaft part refers to a shaft on which one or more straight gears are arranged), the X-direction motorized spindle (21) rotates to drive the X-direction grinding wheel (namely, a small-diameter grinding wheel, preferably, the diameter of the grinding wheel is less than 35 mm) to rotate, the Y-direction translation table (24) moves in the Y-axis direction to adjust the height of the grinding wheel (namely, the position of the grinding wheel in the Y-axis direction), the position of the X-direction grinding wheel in the X-axis direction is adjusted through the movement of the L-shaped support (10), the position of the X-direction grinding wheel in the X-axis direction relative to the part to be machined is adjusted, after the middle-sized surface of the X-direction grinding wheel is coplanar with the axis of the part to be machined, the middle-sized surface of the X-direction grinding wheel is kept coplanar with the axis of the part to be machined, and then the Y-axis.

Preferably, the straight-shaft part is that one or more straight gears are arranged on the shaft.

Preferably, when the part to be machined is a nut part (7), the tailstock (13) is not arranged on the workbench (22), the chuck (6) is mounted on the rotating shaft of the workpiece headstock (5), the nut part (7) is clamped through the chuck (6), the Z-direction electric spindle (8) rotates to drive the Z-axis grinding wheel to rotate, and the position of the Z-axis grinding wheel in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is linked to realize inner circle grinding, namely inner ring groove machining or inner hole machining of the nut part (7);

preferably, when the part (12) to be machined is a cam part (comprising an outer cam and an inner cam part) or a flange part, the cam part or the flange part is ground in a non-circular track and distribution holes through linkage in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

Preferably, when the part (12) to be machined is a flange part, the tailstock (13) is not arranged on the workbench (22), the chuck (6) is installed on the rotating shaft of the workpiece head frame (5), the flange part is clamped through the chuck (6), the boring cutter is installed on the Z-direction electric spindle (8), and distributed holes on the end face of the flange part clamped by the chuck (6) are bored through linkage of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, namely the function of coordinate boring is achieved.

Preferably, when the part (12) to be processed is a nut (with an internal thread), a semi-closed rotary headstock is arranged between the L-shaped support (10) and the Z-direction electric spindle support (9), and the semi-closed rotary headstock has an angle adjusting capability of less than 6 degrees, so that the Z-axis electric spindle 8 swings around the X axis by a certain angle (less than 6 degrees), and the grinding of the internal thread of the nut is realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the grinding machine adopts a modular design, is simple in arrangement, the L-shaped grinding head support is respectively provided with the electric main shaft grinding heads in two directions (Z axis and X axis), the multipurpose grinding function can be realized by fast adjustment, and the installed X-direction electric main shaft grinding head can finish grinding of straight-tooth parts (teeth at two ends of a planetary screw roller, a broach tooth socket, a hob tooth socket, a slotting cutter tooth socket, a spline shaft and an RV reducer epicycloid wheel); under the cooperation of the tool, a camshaft for a harmonic speed reducer and a bearing seat hole for an RV speed reducer can be ground through X, Y axis coordinate interpolation motion; the Z-direction electric spindle grinding head can grind a plurality of rows of inner ring grooves of a bearing differential screw nut and inner and outer ring grooves of a bearing;

(2) the dresser can adjust the direction at 0 degree and 90 degrees, and grinding wheels in the X direction and the Z direction can be dressed by the diamond roller dresser.

(3) The grinding machine has Y-axis motion freedom degree by designing the fixed upright post, the designed L-shaped support can be conveniently provided with the Z-axis electric main shaft and the X-axis electric main shaft, two grinding modes of the grinding wheel axis parallel and perpendicular to the workpiece axis are realized, and the Y-axis freedom degree is increased, so that the grinding machine can realize the processing of more types of characteristics such as distributed hole boring, inner circle and multi-column inner ring groove grinding, slotting cutter grinding, cam non-circular contour grinding and the like by the linkage of the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of a Z-direction electric spindle grinding head machining nut of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a gear part of an X-direction electric spindle grinding head processing shaft of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a side view of the grinding wheel profile of the grinding head of the X-direction electric spindle.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the reference numbers are: 1. a lathe bed, 2 and Z-direction guide rails, 3 and Z-direction servo motors, 4 and Z-direction lead screws, 5, a workpiece headstock, 6, a chuck, 7, a nut part, 8 and Z-direction electric spindles, 9 and Z-direction electric spindle supports, 10 and L-shaped supports, 11, a trimmer, 12, a shaft part, 13, a tailstock, 14, an X-direction electric spindle support, 15, a stand column, 16 and Y-direction servo motors, 17 and Y-direction guide rails, 18 and Y-direction lead screws, 19 and X-direction servo motors, 20 and X-direction lead screws, 21 and X-direction electric spindles, 22, a workbench, 23, a tip, 24 and Y-axis translation tables, 25 and X-axis guide rails, 26 and X-direction grinding wheels, 27 and Z-direction grinding wheels

The multipurpose grinding machine is mainly used for grinding parts with the characteristics of an external gear, an inner circle, an inner ring groove and the like. The grinding machine is in a modular design, is provided with consolidated upright columns and has Y-axis motion freedom, a designed L-shaped support can be used for conveniently mounting a Z-axis electric spindle and an X-axis electric spindle (namely an X-axis electric spindle), as shown in figure 3, the X-axis and Z-axis freedom are provided, and two grinding modes of a grinding wheel axis parallel and vertical to a workpiece axis can be implemented; the slotting cutter can also be polished.

The invention relates to a multipurpose numerical control grinding machine, which comprises: the device comprises a lathe bed (1), a workbench (22), a stand column (15), a workpiece headstock (5), a tailstock (13), a trimmer (11), a Y-direction guide rail (17), a Y-direction lead screw (18), a Y-direction servo motor (16), a Y-direction translation table (24), an X-axis guide rail (25), an L-shaped support (10), an X-direction lead screw (20) and an X-direction servo motor (19);

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a tip (23);

The bed body of the invention preferably adopts cast iron or artificial granite material, so that the vibration resistance of the grinding machine is improved, and the sensitivity to heat sources is reduced; the stand adopts cast iron material, designs into the four sides awl structure of cavity truss structure, increases stand rigidity. The Y-axis, Z-axis and X-axis driving screws adopt planetary roller screws with the precision of more than G1 level, and full-closed-loop grating scales are adopted to realize high-position precision control.

Preferably, the L-shaped support is designed into an L shape and is arranged on the X-axis guide rail, and the X-direction stroke is shorter and is not more than 100 mm;

preferably, the dresser can adjust two positions of 0 degree and 90 degrees to respectively dress the grinding wheels on the Z-direction electric spindle and the X-direction electric spindle.

The grinding machine main body consists of a lathe bed 1, a workbench 22, a column 15, a workpiece headstock 5, a tailstock 13 and a dresser 11; a workbench 22 and a stand column 15 are arranged on the lathe bed 1; the work head 5, the tail stock 13, and the dresser 11 are disposed on the table 22. A Y-direction guide rail 17, a Y-direction lead screw 18 and a Y-direction servo motor 16 are arranged on the side surface of the upright post 15, a Y-direction translation table 24 is fixed on the Y-direction guide rail 17, and the Y-direction translation table 24 can move up and down along the Y axis;

an X-axis guide rail 25 is fixed on one side of the Y-direction translation table 24, is a convex dovetail guide groove and is fixedly connected with the Y-direction translation table 24 by bolts; an L-shaped support 10 is arranged on the left side of the X-axis guide rail 25, a concave dovetail guide groove and a nut seat connected with an X-direction lead screw 20 are formed in the right side of the L-shaped support 10, a nut of the X-direction lead screw 20 is fixedly connected through a bolt, the end part of the X-direction lead screw 20 is driven by an X-direction servo motor 19, the X-direction servo motor 19 is fixed on a Y-direction translation table 24 and matched with the dovetail guide groove of the X-axis guide rail 25, and an X-direction electric spindle support 14 can be arranged on the left side surface of the L-shaped support 10 and used;

the machine tool shown in fig. 1 employs a T-bed for supporting the table 22 and the column 15 simultaneously; the upright post 15 is fixedly connected with the lathe bed 1 and does not move, a Z-direction guide rail 2, a Z-direction lead screw 4 and a Z-direction servo motor 3 are arranged between the workbench 22 and the lathe bed 1, and the workbench 22 is driven by the Z-direction lead screw 4 to horizontally move left and right along a Z axis;

the L-shaped support 10 of the grinding machine is L-shaped, a bolt hole is arranged on one side of the fixedly connected X-direction electric spindle support 14, a concave dovetail guide groove and a nut seat are arranged on one side of the L-shaped support in contact with the X-axis guide rail 25, a reinforcing rib plate is designed on the inner side of the end part of the L-shaped support, and a threaded hole for installing the Z-direction electric spindle support 8 is arranged on the outer side of.

A transition support table is arranged between the dresser 11 and the workbench 22, a rotary pin shaft is arranged at the central position of the bottom of the support table, two cylindrical pins are arranged in the radial direction of the bottom surface, the central line of the rotary pin shaft is at 0 degree or 90 degrees relative to the central line of the rotary pin shaft, and the axes of diamond disks of the dresser 11 can be adjusted to be in different position states which are respectively parallel to or perpendicular to the Z shaft, so that the contour dressing of Z-shaft and X-shaft grinding wheels on the upright posts is realized;

when the tailstock 13 is arranged on the workbench 22, the workpiece headstock 5 is provided with a centre 23 which is matched with the centre of the tailstock 13, the shaft part 12 is driven to rotate around a C axis by a shifting fork and matched with an X-direction electric spindle 21, a small-diameter grinding wheel is arranged, gear grinding on the shaft part 12 is realized, and tooth profile grinding of a slotting cutter can also be realized by Y-axis and Z-axis linkage;

the tailstock 13 is not arranged on the workbench 22, the chuck 6 is arranged on the workpiece head frame, the nut part 7 is clamped through the chuck 6 and matched with the Z-direction electric spindle 8, the inner grinding wheel is arranged, the X-axis movement is adjusted, and the machining of an inner ring groove of the nut or the machining of an inner hole is realized; the grinding of cam non-circular tracks and distribution holes can also be realized through the linkage of an X axis and a Y axis;

a boring cutter can also be mounted at the end part of the Z-direction electric spindle 8, and the distribution holes of the end surfaces of the parts clamped by the chuck 6 are bored through linkage of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis, so that the boring cutter has a coordinate boring function;

a semi-closed rotary headstock can be arranged between the L-shaped support 10 and the Z-direction electric spindle support 9, the angle adjusting capability of the semi-closed rotary headstock is realized, the Z-axis electric spindle 8 can swing for an angle around an X axis, and the grinding of the internal thread of the nut can also be realized;

the grinding machine of the invention preferably works as follows: 1) processing multi-row ring grooves: the working head frame 5 is reloaded with a chuck 6 to clamp a nut part 7, a grinding rod and a grinding wheel are arranged on a Z-direction electric spindle 8, a Z-direction servo motor 3 works to enable a working table 22 to move, when a dresser 11 on the working table 22 moves to the lower part of the grinding wheel, a Y-direction servo motor 16 works, at the moment, if the dresser 11 is provided with a forming diamond roller, the grinding wheel can be dressed under the movement of the Y-direction, and if the dresser 11 is provided with a diamond disk wheel, CNC dressing can be carried out on the grinding wheel through interpolation movement of the Y-direction and the Z-direction. Subsequently, the workpiece headstock 5 drives the workpiece to rotate, and the Z-direction electric spindle 8 grinding wheel machines a plurality of rows of inner ring grooves or inner circles of the nut 7 through Z-direction feeding and Y-direction feeding. 2) Processing a shaft gear: the workpiece headstock 5 is provided with the tip 23, and the shaft parts 12 are clamped under the cooperation of the tailstock 13; when the trimmer is opposite to and processes a plurality of rows of ring grooves, the trimmer is rotated by 90 degrees; the grinding wheel of the X-direction electric spindle 14 is driven by an X-direction servo motor 19 and an X-direction lead screw 20 to move to the upper part of the central plane of the shaft part 12 along the X direction by means of the guidance of a dovetail guide rail, and the tooth grooves of the shaft part 12 are ground under the indexing of the workpiece headstock 5 by the Z-direction movement of a workbench 22 and the Y-direction movement of an X-direction electric spindle 21; similarly, by interpolation in the X direction and the Y direction, the diamond wheel of the dresser 11 can be CNC-modified for the grinding wheel on the X-direction motorized spindle 21, and can also be shaped and modified by the diamond wheel of the dresser 11.

The invention realizes the scheme of improving the processing precision: for the shaft parts with the integrated straight tooth features and cam feature sets, various features of the workpiece can be machined through one-time clamping, and machining precision is improved.

The parts to be machined are preferably: straight-tooth parts, cam shaft parts, flange parts or internal ring groove nuts or shaft sleeves

As shown in fig. 2, the multipurpose numerically controlled grinder of the present invention is used to machine a part to be machined, and the preferred method is as follows:

(1) when processing straight-tooth shaft parts, a workbench 22 is required to be provided with a workpiece headstock 5, a tailstock 13 and a dresser 11, an L-shaped support 10 is required to be provided with an X-direction electric spindle 21 for driving an X-direction grinding wheel 26 to rotate, the workpiece headstock is provided with a centre and a shifting fork, a workpiece is supported by the centre on the workpiece headstock and the tailstock, and the workpiece headstock drives the shifting fork to rotate for driving the workpiece to rotate;

when processing inner ring grooves, inner holes or flange parts, a workpiece headstock 5 and a dresser 11 need to be configured and arranged on a workbench 22, a chuck is arranged on the workpiece headstock, a workpiece is clamped by the chuck on the workpiece headstock, the chuck drives the workpiece to rotate, a Z-direction electric spindle 8 needs to be arranged on an L-shaped support 10, and a Z-direction grinding wheel 27 is driven to rotate;

when processing internal thread parts, a workpiece headstock 5 and a dresser 11 need to be configured and arranged on a workbench 22, a chuck is arranged on the workpiece headstock, a workpiece is clamped by the chuck on the workpiece headstock and drives the workpiece to rotate, a semi-closed rotary headstock needs to be arranged on the short edge of an L-shaped support 10, a Z-direction electric spindle 8 is fixed on the rotary headstock, so that the Z-direction electric spindle can integrally swing for a certain angle, and the Z-direction electric spindle drives a Z-direction grinding wheel 27 to rotate;

(2) before processing straight-tooth parts, rotating the dresser 11 to enable the axis of a diamond disc wheel to be parallel to the axis of an X-direction grinding wheel 26 on an X-direction electric main shaft 21, adjusting the relative position of the diamond disc wheel on the dresser 11 and the X-direction grinding wheel by driving a Z-axis and a Y-axis to move, starting a driving motor to enable the diamond disc wheel and the X-direction grinding wheel to rotate, keeping a certain rotation speed ratio (preferably 0.6-1.2), and modifying the shape of the X-direction grinding wheel by the movement of the X-axis and the Y-axis;

before processing inner ring grooves, inner holes or flange parts, rotating a dresser 11 to enable the axis of a diamond disc wheel to be parallel to the axis of a Z-direction grinding wheel 27 on a Z-direction electric spindle 8, adjusting the relative position of the diamond disc wheel on the dresser 11 and the Z-direction grinding wheel by driving a Z-axis and an X-axis to move, starting a driving motor to enable the diamond disc wheel and the X-direction grinding wheel to rotate, keeping a certain rotation speed ratio (preferably 0.6-1.2), and modifying the shape of the X-direction grinding wheel through the movement of the Z-axis and the Y-axis;

before processing internal thread parts, rotating a dresser 11 to enable the axis of a diamond disc wheel to be parallel to the axis of a Z-direction grinding wheel 27 on a Z-direction electric spindle 8, adjusting the relative position of the diamond disc wheel on the dresser 11 and the Z-direction grinding wheel by driving and driving a Z-axis and an X-axis to move, starting a driving motor to enable the diamond disc wheel and the X-direction grinding wheel to rotate, keeping a certain rotation speed ratio (preferably 0.6-1.2), and modifying the shape of the X-direction grinding wheel through the movement of the Z-axis and the Y-axis;

(3) for processing straight teeth parts, after finishing the shape modification of the grinding wheel, driving the X-direction grinding wheel to move to a certain distance from the workpiece by the movement of the Z-axis, the Y-axis and the X-axis, starting the X-direction electric spindle motor to enable the X-direction grinding wheel to keep rotating, utilizing the C-axis indexing positioning, and controlling the relative position of the X-direction grinding wheel and the workpiece by the linkage of the Z-axis and the Y-axis to realize the straight teeth processing of the shaft parts;

for processing inner ring grooves and inner hole parts, after finishing the shape modification of the grinding wheel, driving a Z-direction grinding wheel to move to a certain distance from a workpiece by moving along the Z-axis, Y-axis and X-axis directions, starting a workpiece headstock and a Z-direction electric spindle motor to keep the workpiece and the grinding wheel at a certain rotating speed, and controlling the relative position of the Z-direction grinding wheel and the workpiece by the linkage of the Z-axis and Y to realize the straight tooth processing of the inner ring grooves and the inner hole parts; when flange parts are machined, the axial position of an X-direction grinding wheel (which can be changed into a boring cutter) is controlled to be coaxial with the position of a flange hole through the motion of a C axis, a Y axis and an X axis, and the flange hole machining is realized through the interpolation motion of the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis or the motion of the Z axis (the boring cutter);

for machining internal thread parts, after the grinding wheel modification is finished, the Z-direction electric spindle can swing by an angle which is the same as a thread lead angle integrally, the Z-direction electric spindle is started to drive the Z-direction grinding wheel to rotate, and the thread machining is realized by utilizing the linkage of the C shaft and the Z shaft.

The grinding machine adopts a modular design, is simple in arrangement, the L-shaped grinding head support is respectively provided with the electric main shaft grinding heads in two directions (Z axis and X axis), the multipurpose grinding function can be realized by fast adjustment, and the installed X-direction electric main shaft grinding head can finish grinding of straight-tooth parts (teeth at two ends of a planetary screw roller, a broach tooth socket, a hob tooth socket, a slotting cutter tooth socket, a spline shaft and an RV reducer epicycloid wheel); under the cooperation of the tool, a camshaft for a harmonic speed reducer and a bearing seat hole for an RV speed reducer can be ground through X, Y axis coordinate interpolation motion; the Z-direction electric spindle grinding head can grind a plurality of rows of inner ring grooves of a bearing differential screw nut and inner and outer ring grooves of a bearing; the dresser can adjust the direction at 0 degree and 90 degrees, and grinding wheels in the X direction and the Z direction can be dressed by the diamond roller dresser.

The grinding machine has Y-axis motion freedom degree by designing the fixed upright post, the designed L-shaped support can be conveniently provided with the Z-axis electric main shaft and the X-axis electric main shaft, two grinding modes of the grinding wheel axis parallel and perpendicular to the workpiece axis are realized, and the Y-axis freedom degree is increased, so that the grinding machine can realize the processing of more types of characteristics such as distributed hole boring, inner circle and multi-column inner ring groove grinding, slotting cutter grinding, cam non-circular contour grinding and the like by the linkage of the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis.

Claims

1. A multipurpose numerically controlled grinder, characterized by comprising: the automatic numerical control lathe comprises a lathe bed (1), a workbench (22), a stand column (15), a workpiece headstock (5), a tailstock (13), a trimmer (11), a Y-direction guide rail (17), a Y-direction lead screw (18), a Y-direction servo motor (16), a Y-direction translation table (24), an X-axis guide rail (25), an L-shaped support (10), an X-direction lead screw (20) and an X-direction servo motor (19)

a Y-direction guide rail (17), a Y-direction lead screw (18) and a Y-direction servo motor (16) are arranged on the side surface of the upright post (15), a Y-direction translation table (24) is fixed on the Y-direction guide rail (17), and the Y-direction translation table (24) moves along the Y axis; the Y-direction guide rail (17) is arranged along the vertical direction of the upright post (15), namely the Y-axis direction; a nut of the Y-direction screw rod (18) is fixedly connected with the Y-direction translation table (24), the nut of the Y-direction screw rod (18) is in threaded fit with the Y-direction screw rod (18), and the Y-direction translation table (24) moves along the Y-axis direction on the Y-direction guide rail (17);

a screw rod of the X-direction screw rod (20) is fixed on the Y-direction translation table (24); a nut of the X-direction lead screw (20) is fixed with one side of the L-shaped support (10) facing the X-axis guide rail (25), one side of the L-shaped support (10) facing the X-axis guide rail (25) is also provided with a slide rail, the slide rail is matched with the X-axis guide rail (25), and the L-shaped support (10) slides on the X-axis guide rail (25) along the X direction;

the nut is fixedly connected with the L-shaped support (10) and the X-direction lead screw (20) through a bolt, the X-direction lead screw (20) is connected with an X-direction servo motor (19), and the X-direction servo motor (19) is fixed on a Y-direction translation table (24);

an X-direction electric spindle support (14) used for installing an X-direction electric spindle (21) is arranged on the L-shaped support (10), the X-direction electric spindle (21) is connected with an X-direction grinding wheel (26), and the X-direction grinding wheel (26) is used for grinding a workpiece to be machined.

2. The multipurpose numerically controlled grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: lathe bed (1) is T shape, including horizontal part and perpendicular portion, and stand (15) are located by workstation (22) and indicate: the workbench (22) is positioned at the transverse part of the bed body (1), and the upright post (15) is positioned at the vertical part of the bed body (1).

3. The multipurpose numerically controlled grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a Z-direction guide rail (2), a Z-direction lead screw (4) and a Z-direction servo motor (3);

the lathe bed (1) is a T-shaped lathe bed and is used for simultaneously supporting the workbench (22) and the upright post (15); the upright column (15) is fixedly connected with the lathe bed (1) and does not move, a Z-direction guide rail (2), a Z-direction lead screw (4) and a Z-direction servo motor (3) are arranged between the workbench (22) and the lathe bed (1), and the workbench (22) drives the Z-direction lead screw (4) to drive the workbench (22) to horizontally move along a Z axis depending on the Z-direction servo motor (3).

4. The multipurpose numerically controlled grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: further comprising: an X-direction electric spindle support (14), a Z-direction electric spindle support (9) and a Z-direction electric spindle (8);

5. The multipurpose numerically controlled grinding machine according to claim 4, wherein: the long edge of the L-shaped support (10) is arranged along the X direction, and the short edge of the L-shaped support (10) is arranged along the Z-axis direction.

6. The multipurpose numerically controlled grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: a transition support table is arranged between the dresser (11) and the workbench (22), the transition support table is plate-shaped, and the bottom of the transition support table is detachably connected with the workbench (22); the top of the transition support table is provided with a protruding rotating pin shaft; two pin holes are arranged at the positions which rotate around the central line of the rotating pin shaft by 0 degree and 90 degrees; the bottom of the dresser (11) is provided with a shaft hole matched with the rotating pin shaft, a pluggable positioning pin is arranged at a position matched with the pin hole, when the dresser (11) rotates to a position of 0 degree or 90 degrees, the dresser (11) and the transition support platform can be positioned through the positioning pin, and then the dresser (11) and the transition support platform are fixed through bolts;

7. The multipurpose numerically controlled grinding machine according to claim 6, wherein: the 0 position is located along the Z-axis and the 90 position is located along the X-axis.

8. The multipurpose numerically controlled grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein: further comprising: a tip (23);

when the tailstock (13) is arranged on the workbench (22), the tailstock (13) is positioned between the workpiece headstock (5) and the dresser (11), and a rotating shaft on the workpiece headstock (5) is a C shaft and is used for clamping a part to be machined; a centre (23) is arranged on a rotating shaft of the workpiece headstock (5) and matched with a centre arranged on the tailstock (13), one end of a part (12) to be machined is pressed against the centre (23) of the workpiece headstock (5) through a shifting fork, the other end of the part (12) to be machined is pressed against the centre arranged on the tailstock (13), the part (12) to be machined is driven to rotate around a C shaft, and the workpiece headstock (5) has an indexing positioning function and can enable the part (12) to be machined to be fixed at a fixed rotating angle.