CN212926589U - 一种装配式免拆模结构体模壳及现浇筑免拆模结构体 - Google Patents
一种装配式免拆模结构体模壳及现浇筑免拆模结构体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN212926589U CN212926589U CN202021243719.5U CN202021243719U CN212926589U CN 212926589 U CN212926589 U CN 212926589U CN 202021243719 U CN202021243719 U CN 202021243719U CN 212926589 U CN212926589 U CN 212926589U
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- formwork
- steel
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- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 210000000614 Ribs Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000789 fastener Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000003205 Muscles Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 210000001138 Tears Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium silicate Chemical compound 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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种装配式免拆模结构体模壳及现浇筑免拆模结构体，包括由模板单元拼合而成的结构体模壳，所述结构体模壳内形成结构体浇筑腔，在结构体浇筑腔内固定设有结构筋，其特征在于：所述模板单元包括预制整体模架和免拆模板，其种所述预制整体模架包括横向钢构件和纵向钢构件，所述横向钢构件和纵向钢构件焊接成框；焊接而成的预制整体模架外表面为基准平面；在预制整体模架的基准平面侧铺设免拆模板；所述免拆模板s通过紧固件与预制整体模架固连；所述预制整体模架在结构体浇筑腔内与结构筋焊接或者绑扎，相邻的预制整体模架的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件采用C型钢。本实用新型具有结构简单、便于加工、提高施工效率，刚性好等优点。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型属于建筑工程技术领域，尤其涉及一种装配式免拆模结构体模壳及现浇筑免拆模结构体。
背景技术
目前，建筑业仍大量使用的传统散拼木模板，不仅好用大量的木材资源，而且安装和拆除费时费力，周转利用多次后变为建筑垃圾。随着建筑产业现代化的推广，装配式技术的运用越来越广，设有构件在建筑中的比例逐渐提高，目前，市场正在大力推行装配式建筑，其由设有部件在工地进行装配而成的建筑，装配式建筑具有施工速度快，施工绿色环保，节约劳动力等优点；但装配式建筑在安装的过程中存在需要大型起重机械、建筑节点多，无法长距离运输等缺点。
一种新技术——免拆模板技术应运而生，因其具有支护简单，简化施工工艺，无需拆模和抹灰，需要周转的材料少，节省模板支架，施工周期大大缩短，建筑垃圾少，良好的保温性能等优点，推动整个建筑行业工业化建筑技术的发展。但现有技术中的免拆模板大多为采用纤维水泥平板或硅钙板作为免拆模板，在现场装配楼板或梁、柱时仅用角钢进行连接，免拆模板与角钢之间采用绑扎的方式进行固定，不仅费时费力而且安装不牢固，影响施工质量。
现有技术中还公开有在免拆模板的一个固定骨架作为加强肋，然后再骨架上绑扎或者焊接横向钢筋或者纵向钢筋，根据实际调研该种方式能够提高免拆模板的承载强度；但是铺设钢筋的施工效率较慢；采用绑扎的方式存在钢筋不稳定的情况。
因此在建设免拆模结构体模壳时，对于免拆模板如何做到既能在施工现场实现快速安装、进一步加快施工进度、解决模板的刚度变形问题，加大应用范围，安装更为简单、牢固的同时又能保证施工安全是本案所要解决的问题。
实用新型内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本实用新型提供了一种结构简单、便于加工、采用工厂预制现场装配施工，提高施工效率的装配式免拆模结构体模壳及现浇筑免拆模结构体。
本实用新型是这样实现的，一种装配式免拆模结构体模壳，包括由模板单元拼合而成的结构体模壳，所述结构体模壳内形成结构体浇筑腔，在结构体浇筑腔内固定设有结构筋，其特征在于：所述模板单元包括预制整体模架和免拆模板，其种所述预制整体模架包括横向钢构件和纵向钢构件，所述横向钢构件和纵向钢构件焊接成框；焊接而成的预制整体模架外表面为基准平面；在预制整体模架的基准平面侧铺设免拆模板；所述免拆模板通过紧固件与预制整体模架固连；所述预制整体模架在结构体浇筑腔内与结构筋焊接或者绑扎，相邻的预制整体模架的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件采用C型钢。
上述技术方案优选的，其特征在于：预制整体模架还包括有中间钢构件，所述中间钢构件的两端与对应侧的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件焊接连接。
上述技术方案优选的，所述横向钢构件和/或纵向钢构件至少包括下支撑部，所述下支撑部的下表面为一个水平基准面，一个用于支撑钢筋桁架的上支撑部；连接下支撑部和上支持部立板。
上述技术方案优选的，所述上支撑部的上表面距离下基准面的高度不小于 15mm。
上述技术方案优选的，横向钢构件和纵向钢构件的截面形状C型、工字型、 L型、T型、矩形或几字形。
上述技术方案优选的，所述横向钢构件和纵向钢构件的立板上设有过浆孔。
上述技术方案优选的，所述免拆模板与预制整体框架连接侧设有沟槽或者采用拉毛处理加工有不规则的凸起。
上述技术方案优选的，所述免拆模板内预埋有钢网。
上述技术方案优选的，在上述的结构体浇筑腔内浇筑混凝土，混凝土浇筑成型形成结构体，所述结构体为结构柱、结构梁、楼梯或者墙体。
本实用新型具有的优点和积极效果：本实用新型由模板拼合而成的结构体模壳可工厂化预制现场安装，而且结构稳定可靠；对比传统木模板，减少了拆模施工，而且与楼层板同寿命；对比传统结构体铝模、木模支护，此种免拆模壳刚度大，整体性好，支护工具简单或者免支护；对比混凝土预制叠合板，此种免拆模壳自重轻，现浇施工质量高。现有的现浇预制混凝土叠合板相比，自重轻、工厂加工速度块、易于运输和吊装、对支护工具承重要求低，现浇施工质量高等优点。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型结构梁模壳结构示意图；
图2是结构梁模壳立体结构示意图；
图3是预制整体模架与结构连接结构示意图；
图4是图3的立体结构示意图；
图5是免拆模板结构示意图；
图6是图1的左视图；
图7是结构柱模壳结构示意图；
图8是图7的俯视图；
图9是结构柱预制整体模架与结构筋连接结构示意图；
图10是楼梯结构示意图；
图11是墙体结构示意图；
图12是带有过浆孔的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件结构示意图；
图13是带有钢网的免拆模板结构示意图。
图中、1、模板单元；1-1、预制整体模架；1-10、横向钢构件；1-11、下支撑部；1-12、上支撑部；1-13、立板；1-14、过浆孔；1-20、纵向钢构件；1-2、免拆模板；1-21、沟槽；2、结构筋；3、紧固件。
具体实施方式
为了使本实用新型的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本实用新型进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本实用新型，并不用于限定本实用新型。
请参阅图1至图6，一种装配式免拆模结构体模壳，本实施例依结构体梁模壳为例进行说明，包括由模板单元1拼合而成的结构梁模壳，所述结构梁模壳内形成结构梁浇筑腔，在结构梁浇筑腔内固定设有结构筋2，所述模板单元包括预制整体模架1-1和免拆模板1-2，其种所述预制整体模架包括横向钢构件1-10 和纵向钢构件1-20，所述横向钢构件和纵向钢构件焊接成上方开放的结构梁框；焊接而成的预制整体模架外表面为基准平面；在预制整体模架的基准平面侧铺设免拆模板；所述免拆模板通过紧固件3与预制整体模架固连；所述预制整体模架在结构梁浇筑腔内与结构筋焊接或者绑扎，相邻的预制整体模架的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件采用C型钢。在上述的结构梁模壳内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土凝固后形成结构梁。
上述的紧固件优选具有一定切屑力，同时具有一定自锁功能的自攻螺丝，保证免拆模板与预制整体框架连接后的稳定性和牢固性；在混凝土浇筑前，免拆模板相当于吊挂在预制整体框上，通过预制整体模架提高免拆模板的整体抗折、抗压能力，提高安全性，浇筑完成后混凝土凝固后与免拆模板兼容贴合形成一体结构，其中预制自动螺丝相当于预埋在混凝土内，进而形成免拆模板与结构体形成同寿命的结构体。
本实用新型可工厂化预制现场安装；对比传统木模板，减少了拆模施工，而且与楼层板同寿命；对比传统结构梁支护，此种免拆模结构体模壳刚度大，整体性好，支护工具简单，或者免支护；对比混凝土结构梁，此种免拆模结构体模壳自重轻，现浇施工质量高。现有的预制混凝土结构梁相比，自重轻、工厂加工速度块、易于运输和吊装、对楼板支护工具承重要求低，现浇施工质量高等优点。
上述技术方案优选的，预制整体模架还包括有中间钢构件，所述中间钢构件的两端与对应侧的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件焊接连接。对于尺寸较大的预制整体模架中间钢构件提高了整体的模架的强度，将力均匀分散，保证模板系统的安全性和可靠性。
上述技术方案优选的，所述横向钢构件和/或纵向钢构件至少包括下支撑部 1-11，所述下支撑部的下表面为一个水平基准面，此水平基准面保证横向钢构件和/或纵向钢构件拼接成框后也是一个水平基准面，保证免拆模板拼接后的平整性，为后期粉刷找平奠定了基础；一个用于支撑钢筋桁架的上支撑部1-12，上支撑部作为钢筋桁架支撑的基础，保证钢筋桁架支撑的稳定性；连接下支撑部和上支持部的立板1-13，立板主要起到受力支撑的作用，同时立板具有一定的高度；即所述上支撑部的上表面距离下基准面的高度不小于15mm，此距离的设计保证混凝土浇筑后形成一个混凝土保护层，使得主要受力的承载构件钢筋桁架不裸露，提高结构体的寿命。
上述技术方案优选的，横向钢构件和纵向钢构件的截面形状C型、工字型、 L型、T型、矩形或几字形，本实施例优选的C型结构，并且C型槽钢的两个腹板向内设有折弯，待浇筑C型槽内密实填充混凝土凝固后与混凝土结构体形成牢固的连接结构，提高预制整体模架1的安装强度。
在运至现场进行整体吊装，结构体模壳按照施工要求与建筑的梁、柱、剪力墙等结构体进度搭接，进而结构筋在浇筑前起到了主要承载的作用，免拆水泥纤维板替代传统的木质模板，这时可以采用简支护或者免支护的方式进行支模；浇筑完成后水泥纤维板与混凝土连接为一体，大大提高了施工效率，而且刚度大，整体性好。
请参阅图7和图9，一种装配式免拆模结构体模壳，本实施例中，结构体为结构柱，包括由模板单元拼合而成的结构柱模壳，所述结构柱模壳内形成结构柱浇筑腔，在结构柱浇筑腔内固定设有结构筋，所述模板单元包括预制整体模架1-1和免拆模板1-2，其种所述预制整体模架包括横向钢构件1-10和纵向钢构件1-20，所述横向钢构件和纵向钢构件焊接成结构柱框；焊接而成的预制整体模架外表面为基准平面；在预制整体模架的基准平面侧铺设免拆模板；所述免拆模板通过紧固件3与预制整体模架固连；所述预制整体模架在结构柱浇筑腔内与结构筋焊接或者绑扎，相邻的预制整体模架的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件采用C型钢。在上述的结构柱梁模壳内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土凝固后形成结构柱。
请参阅图10，一种装配式免拆模楼梯模壳，包括由侧模板、立模板、踏模板以及预制整体模架1-1拼合而成的楼梯模壳，其种所述预制整体模架按照楼梯的结构形状焊接成框；所述楼梯模壳内形成结构楼梯浇筑腔，在结构楼梯浇筑腔内固定设有结构筋，所述侧模板、立模板、踏模板采用免拆模板1-2，通过自攻螺丝固定安装在预制整体模架上。
请参阅图11，一种装配式免拆模墙体，包括由内模板单元、外模板单元拼合而成的墙体模壳以及结构筋，内、外模板单元包括均包括预制整体模架1-1 和免拆模板1-2；预制整体模架1-1通过绑扎或焊接与结构钢筋固定连接，所述墙体模壳内形成墙体模壳浇筑腔，在上述的墙体模壳内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土凝固后形成免拆模板墙体。
上述技术方案优选的，所述横向钢构件和纵向钢构件的立板上设有过浆孔 1-14，请参阅图12，过浆孔的设计目的在于利于混凝土在立板的两侧连通，利于混凝土的密实填充，同时在过浆孔内还可以横向穿钢筋，提高结构强度；另外在不影响支撑强度的情况下减轻重量。
上述技术方案优选的，所述免拆模板2与预制整体框架连接侧设有沟槽1-21 或者采用拉毛处理加工有不规则的凸起。
上述技术方案优选的，所述免拆模板内预埋有钢网1-22，提高模板的强度，适用于不同承重和抗折的要求；请参阅图13。
本实用新型由模板拼合而成的结构体模壳可工厂化预制现场安装；对比传统木模板，减少了拆模施工，而且与楼层板同寿命；对比传统结构体铝模、木模支护，此种免拆模壳刚度大，整体性好，支护工具简单或者免支护；对比混凝土预制叠合板，此种免拆模壳自重轻，现浇施工质量高。现有的现浇预制混凝土叠合板相比，自重轻、工厂加工速度块、易于运输和吊装、对支护工具承重要求低，现浇施工质量高等优点。
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本实用新型，凡在本实用新型的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本实用新型的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种装配式免拆模结构体模壳，包括由模板单元拼合而成的结构体模壳，所述结构体模壳内形成结构体浇筑腔，在结构体浇筑腔内固定设有结构筋，其特征在于：所述模板单元包括预制整体模架和免拆模板，其种所述预制整体模架包括横向钢构件和纵向钢构件，所述横向钢构件和纵向钢构件焊接成框；焊接而成的预制整体模架外表面为基准平面；在预制整体模架的基准平面侧铺设免拆模板；所述免拆模板通过紧固件与预制整体模架固连；所述预制整体模架在结构体浇筑腔内与结构筋焊接或者绑扎，相邻的预制整体模架的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件采用C型钢。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装配式免拆模结构体模壳，其特征在于：预制整体模架还包括有中间钢构件，所述中间钢构件的两端与对应侧的横向钢构件或纵向钢构件焊接连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装配式免拆模结构体模壳，其特征在于：所述横向钢构件和/或纵向钢构件至少包括下支撑部，所述下支撑部的下表面为一个水平基准面，一个用于支撑钢筋桁架的上支撑部；连接下支撑部和上支持部立板。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装配式免拆模结构体模壳，其特征在于：所述上支撑部的上表面距离下基准面的高度不小于15mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装配式免拆模结构体模壳，其特征在于：横向钢构件和纵向钢构件的截面形状C型、工字型、L型、T型、矩形或几字形。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装配式免拆模结构体模壳，其特征在于：所述横向钢构件和纵向钢构件的立板上设有过浆孔。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装配式免拆模结构体模壳，其特征在于：所述免拆模板与预制整体框架连接侧设有沟槽或者采用拉毛处理加工有不规则的凸起。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装配式免拆模结构体模壳，其特征在于：所述免拆模板内预埋有钢网。
9.基于上述权利要求1至8任一所述装配式免拆模结构体模壳的现浇筑免拆模结构体，其特征在于：在上述权利要求1至8任一所述的结构体浇筑腔内浇筑混凝土，混凝土浇筑成型形成结构体，所述结构体为结构柱、结构梁、楼梯或者墙体。
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