CN212649095U - Reverse-plugging-prevention overvoltage protection circuit and electric appliance - Google Patents
Reverse-plugging-prevention overvoltage protection circuit and electric appliance Download PDFInfo
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- CN212649095U CN212649095U CN202021138395.9U CN202021138395U CN212649095U CN 212649095 U CN212649095 U CN 212649095U CN 202021138395 U CN202021138395 U CN 202021138395U CN 212649095 U CN212649095 U CN 212649095U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a prevent reverse plug, overvoltage protection circuit and electrical apparatus, prevent reverse plug, overvoltage protection circuit include: the overvoltage protection device comprises an anti-reverse-insertion module and an overvoltage protection module, wherein the anti-reverse-insertion module comprises a conduction switch, the input end and the output end of the conduction switch are connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the control end of the conduction switch is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the input end and the output end of the overvoltage protection module are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, the voltage output end of the overvoltage protection module is connected with the control end of the conduction switch, and the public end of the overvoltage protection module. When the protection circuit is positively connected with the power supply, the conduction switch is conducted, and the power supply is normally conducted; when the protection circuit is reversely connected with the power supply, the conducting switch is cut off, and the power supply is powered off, so that reverse plugging prevention protection of the power supply is realized; the overvoltage protection module obtains the input voltage of the power supply, and when the input voltage of the power supply exceeds the preset voltage, the overvoltage protection module controls the conduction switch to be switched off, so that the power supply is powered off, and the overvoltage protection of the power supply is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an electronic circuit technical field, concretely relates to prevent reverse plug, overvoltage crowbar and electrical apparatus.
Background
Along with the popularization of safety electric appliances, the low-voltage electric appliance has safe use, the controller can be reduced in size, the miniaturization of the electric appliance can be realized, and the development cost is reduced. The current safety electric appliance still has the problem that the controller device is damaged due to power line connection caused by human factors. And the voltage of the input power supply can damage load devices such as a controller mainboard, a motor, a compressor and the like when being in overvoltage. However, electrical appliances powered by dc power may damage the dc power supply when the power supply voltage is too low.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to overcome the weak point among the prior art and provide an prevent reverse plug, overvoltage protection circuit and electrical apparatus for realize the protection of reverse plug and overvoltage protection of electrical apparatus.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the utility model provides a prevent reverse plug, overvoltage crowbar, include:
the reverse plug-in prevention module comprises a conduction switch, the input end and the output end of the conduction switch are connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the control end of the conduction switch is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the conduction switch is a one-way conduction switch, when the power supply of the protection circuit is normally connected, the conduction switch is conducted, the power supply is normally conducted, and when the protection circuit is reversely connected with the power supply, the conduction switch is cut off, and the power supply is powered off;
the input end and the output end of the overvoltage protection module are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply and used for obtaining the input voltage of the power supply, the voltage output end of the overvoltage protection module is connected with the control end and the public end of the conduction switch and connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and when the input voltage of the power supply exceeds a preset value, the overvoltage protection module enables the conduction switch to be cut off.
Furthermore, the reverse plug-in prevention module further comprises a voltage division circuit, the input end and the output end of the voltage division circuit are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the power supply, and the voltage output end of the voltage division circuit is connected with the control end of the conduction switch.
Furthermore, the conduction switch is specifically an MOS tube, a source electrode and a drain electrode of the MOS tube are connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, a grid electrode of the MOS tube is connected with a voltage output end of the voltage division circuit, and a public end of the MOS tube is connected with a voltage output end of the overvoltage protection module.
Furthermore, the overvoltage protection module comprises an overvoltage protection voltage division circuit and a voltage stabilization chip, the input end and the output end of the overvoltage protection voltage division circuit are respectively connected with the cathode of the anode of the power supply, the voltage output end of the overvoltage protection voltage division circuit is connected with the reference voltage input end of the voltage stabilization chip, the input end of the voltage stabilization chip is connected with the anode of the power supply, the public end of the voltage stabilization chip is connected with the control end of the conduction switch, and the output end of the voltage stabilization chip is connected with the cathode of the power supply.
Furthermore, a current-limiting resistor is connected between the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip and the positive electrode of the power supply.
Furthermore, the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip is connected with the control end of the conducting switch through a second conducting switch, the input end of the voltage stabilizing chip is connected with one end of the current limiting resistor and the public end of the current limiting resistor is connected with the control end of the second conducting switch, and the input end of the second conducting switch is connected with the control end of the conducting switch and the public end of the current limiting resistor is connected with the anode of the power supply.
Further, the second conduction switch is specifically a triode, and an emitter of the triode is connected with the control end of the conduction switch through a second current limiting resistor.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an electrical appliance, wherein the electrical appliance includes the first aspect, the anti-reverse-plugging and overvoltage protection circuit.
Further, the electric appliance is specifically: an air conditioner.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a prevent reverse plug, overvoltage crowbar and electrical apparatus, through the conduction switch of unidirectional conduction, when the protection circuit is just connecting the power, make the conduction switch conduct, thus make the power normally conduct; when the protection circuit is reversely connected with the power supply, the conducting switch is cut off, so that the power supply is powered off, and reverse plugging prevention protection of the power supply is realized; the overvoltage protection module obtains input voltage of the power supply, and when the input voltage of the power supply exceeds preset voltage, the overvoltage protection module controls the conduction switch to be switched off, so that the power supply is powered off, and overvoltage protection of the power supply is achieved.
Drawings
The invention is further described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which, however, the embodiments do not constitute any limitation to the invention, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from the following drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an anti-reverse-plugging and overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an anti-reverse-plugging and overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 10. and an anti-reverse-plugging module, 20, an overvoltage protection module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts shall belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, a reverse-plugging-prevention overvoltage protection circuit.
As shown in fig. 1, the reverse-plugging prevention and overvoltage protection circuit of the embodiment includes:
the reverse plug-in prevention module 10 comprises a conduction switch and a voltage division circuit, wherein the input end and the output end of the conduction switch are connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the control end of the conduction switch is connected with the positive electrode DC + of the power supply, the conduction switch is a one-way conduction switch, when the power supply of the protection circuit is normally connected, the conduction switch is conducted, the power supply is normally conducted, and when the protection circuit is reversely connected with the power supply, the conduction switch is cut off, and the power supply is powered off;
the overvoltage protection module 20, the input end and the output end of the overvoltage protection module 20 are respectively connected with the positive electrode DC + and the negative electrode of the power supply and used for obtaining the input voltage of the power supply, the voltage output end of the overvoltage protection module 20 is connected with the control end of the conducting switch, the public end of the overvoltage protection module is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and when the input voltage of the power supply exceeds a preset value, the overvoltage protection module 20 enables the conducting switch to be cut off.
The voltage dividing circuit comprises a resistor R7, a resistor R8 and a resistor R9, the conducting switch is specifically a MOS tube Q2, the source and the drain of the MOS tube Q2 are connected to the negative electrode of a power supply, the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is connected with one end of a resistor R7 and one end of a common end of the resistor R8, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with the positive electrode DC + of the power supply through a FUSE FUSE, the FUSE is used for protecting the circuit and is fused to cut off the power supply when the circuit is in overcurrent, the other end of the resistor R8 is connected with one end of a resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R9 is grounded, the resistor R7, the resistor R8 and the resistor R9 form divided voltage, and the grid voltage of the MOSGrid electrode=VPower supply(R8 + R9)/(R7 + R8+ R9), divide the voltage through three resistance, pair the partial pressure ratio that satisfies needs more easily to can increase and decrease divider resistance according to the demand.
When the power supply is normally connected, because the source electrode of the MOS transistor Q2 is grounded, the grid voltage of the MOS transistor Q2 is divided into partial voltages and then is greater than the source electrode voltage of the MOS transistor Q2, so that the MOS transistor Q2 is conducted, the negative electrode of the power supply is normally conducted, and the power supply normally works; when the power supply is reversely connected, the source electrode of the MOS tube Q2 is connected with the positive electrode DC + of the power supply, and the grid voltage of the MOS tube Q2 is divided into partial voltage and then is smaller than the source electrode voltage of the MOS tube Q2, so that the MOS tube Q2 is cut off, the negative electrode of the power supply is cut off, the power supply is powered off, and reverse-plugging prevention protection of the power supply is realized.
In this embodiment, the overvoltage protection module 20 includes an overvoltage protection voltage divider circuit, a voltage regulation chip U1 and a second conducting switch, the second conducting switch is specifically a transistor Q1, the overvoltage protection voltage divider circuit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a resistor R3, one end of the resistor ER2 is connected to the positive power supply DC +, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and the common terminal is connected to the control terminal of the voltage regulation chip U1, the control terminal of the voltage regulation chip U1 inputs a reference voltage, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3, the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded, the input terminal of the voltage regulation chip U1 is connected to the positive power supply DC + through a current limiting resistor R5, the input terminal of the voltage regulation chip U1 is connected to one end of the current limiting resistor R5 and the common terminal is connected to the base of the transistor Q1, the collector of the transistor Q1 is grounded, the emitter of the transistor Q5 is connected, an emitter of the triode Q1 is connected with one end of a current-limiting resistor R6, the other end of the current-limiting resistor R6 is connected with a base of the MOS transistor Q2, and a common end is connected with one end of the resistor R7 and one end of the resistor R8.
The resistance of the resistor R7 is much larger than the resistance of the resistor R6, the resistance of the resistor R7 is larger in the selection parameter, and the resistor R6 may not be installed when the current flowing through the transistor Q1 is smaller.
After the power voltage is divided by the resistor R1, the resistor R2 and the resistor R3, the voltage input to the control end of the voltage stabilization chip U1 is the sum of the voltages of the resistor R1 and the resistor R3, the overvoltage voltage can be preset according to the reference voltage of the voltage stabilization chip U1 by selecting the resistor R1, the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 with different resistance values, when the power voltage is overvoltage, the voltage of the resistor R1 and the resistor R3 and the reference voltage exceeding the reference voltage of the voltage stabilization chip U1 lead the voltage stabilization chip to be conducted, after the voltage stabilization chip U1 is conducted, the base voltage of the triode Q1 is pulled down, thereby leading the triode Q1 to be conducted, after the triode Q1 is conducted, because the resistance value of the resistor R7 is far larger than the resistance value of the resistor R6, the voltage of the connection end of the current limiting resistor R9 and the voltage division resistor R7 is smaller than the conduction voltage of the MOS tube Q2, thereby leading the voltage difference between the grid and the source of the MOS tube Q2 to be not enough to, the power supply is powered off, thereby realizing overvoltage protection of the power supply.
In this embodiment, an RC filter circuit is connected between the other end of the resistor R2 and one end of the current-limiting resistor R5, the RC filter circuit includes a resistor R4 and a capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R4 is connected to the other end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the current-limiting resistor R5, and the resistor R4 and the capacitor C1 filter noise of the input power.
The protection circuit of this embodiment also includes an LC filter circuit, including capacitor C2, capacitor C3 and inductance L1, the one end of capacitor C2 is connected with power supply positive pole DC + and the one end of inductance L1 is connected to the common terminal, the other end of inductance L1 is connected with power supply positive pole output terminal and the one end of capacitance C3 is connected to the common terminal, the other end of capacitor C2 is connected with the other end of capacitance C3 and the common terminal is grounded, capacitance C2, inductance L1 and capacitance C3 constitute pi-type filtering.
The protection circuit of this embodiment further includes an output circuit, which includes a resistor R10, a resistor R11, a resistor R13, a resistor R12, a capacitor C4, a diode D1, and a power VDD, wherein one end of the resistor R10 is connected to the positive electrode DC + of the power, the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to one end of the resistor R13 and the common end is connected to one end of the resistor R12, one end of the resistor R13 is connected to one end of the resistor R11, the other end of the resistor R11 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R12 is connected to one end of the capacitor C4 and the common end is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1 and the I/0 port of the control chip, the negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to the, because the input port of the chip can not exceed 5V, the resistor R10, the resistor R11, the resistor R13, the resistor R12, the capacitor C4 and the diode D1 of the output circuit are input power sampling circuits, the main control chip samples the voltage at two ends of the divider resistor R13 and the divider resistor R11, by calculation VOLTGE-CHECK = (R13+ R11)/(R13+ R11+ R10) × DC +; sampling the ADC port of the chip to obtain a Voltage-CHECK voltage, and then calculating to obtain an input power supply DC +.
The voltage divider circuit that resistance R10, resistance R11 and resistance R13 constitute, main control chip IO mouth gather divider resistance R11 and R13 both ends voltage, and resistance R12 is the current-limiting resistor, diode D1 guard action, and electric capacity C4 is filter capacitor.
According to the reverse-plugging prevention and overvoltage protection circuit, through the one-way conduction switch, when the protection circuit is positively connected with a power supply, the conduction switch is conducted, so that the power supply is normally conducted; when the protection circuit is reversely connected with the power supply, the conducting switch is cut off, so that the power supply is powered off, and reverse plugging prevention protection of the power supply is realized; the overvoltage protection module 20 obtains an input voltage of the power supply, and when the input voltage of the power supply exceeds a preset voltage, the overvoltage protection module 20 controls the conduction switch to be turned off, so that the power supply is powered off, and overvoltage protection of the power supply is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, compared to embodiment 1, in this embodiment, there is no transistor Q1 and no current limiting resistor R6, and the input terminal of the regulator chip U1 is directly connected to the gate of the MOS transistor.
Compared with embodiment 1, the circuit structure of the present embodiment is simpler and the cost is lower.
Embodiment 3, an electrical appliance.
The embodiment provides an electric appliance, in particular to an air conditioner, and the electric appliance comprises the reverse-plugging prevention and overvoltage protection circuit in the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2.
It should be finally noted that the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An anti-reverse-plugging overvoltage protection circuit is characterized by comprising:
the reverse plug-in prevention module comprises a conduction switch, the input end and the output end of the conduction switch are connected with the negative electrode of a power supply, the control end of the conduction switch is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the conduction switch is a one-way conduction switch, when the power supply of the protection circuit is normally connected, the conduction switch is conducted, the power supply is normally conducted, and when the protection circuit is reversely connected with the power supply, the conduction switch is cut off, and the power supply is powered off;
the input end and the output end of the overvoltage protection module are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply and used for obtaining the input voltage of the power supply, the voltage output end of the overvoltage protection module is connected with the control end and the public end of the conduction switch and connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and when the input voltage of the power supply exceeds a preset value, the overvoltage protection module enables the conduction switch to be cut off.
2. The reverse plugging prevention and overvoltage protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the reverse plugging prevention module further comprises a voltage division circuit, an input end and an output end of the voltage division circuit are respectively connected with a positive pole and a negative pole of the power supply, and a voltage output end of the voltage division circuit is connected with the control end of the conduction switch.
3. The reverse-plugging-prevention overvoltage protection circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the conducting switch is specifically an MOS transistor, a source electrode and a drain electrode of the MOS transistor are connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, a gate electrode of the MOS transistor is connected to the voltage output end of the voltage dividing circuit, and a common end of the MOS transistor is connected to the voltage output end of the overvoltage protection module.
4. An anti-reverse-plugging and overvoltage protection circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said overvoltage protection module comprises an overvoltage protection voltage division circuit and a voltage stabilization chip, an input end and an output end of said overvoltage protection voltage division circuit are respectively connected to a negative electrode of a positive electrode of said power supply, a voltage output end of said overvoltage protection voltage division circuit is connected to a reference voltage input end of said voltage stabilization chip, an input end of said voltage stabilization chip is connected to a positive electrode of said power supply and a common end is connected to a control end of a conduction switch, and an output end of said voltage stabilization chip is connected to a negative electrode of said power supply.
5. The reverse-plugging-prevention overvoltage protection circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein a current-limiting resistor is connected between the input end of the voltage stabilization chip and the positive electrode of the power supply.
6. An anti-reverse-plugging and overvoltage protection circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein the input terminal of the voltage stabilization chip is connected to the control terminal of the conducting switch through a second conducting switch, the input terminal of the voltage stabilization chip is connected to one end of the current limiting resistor and the common terminal is connected to the control terminal of the second conducting switch, the input terminal of the second conducting switch is connected to the control terminal of the conducting switch and the common terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply.
7. The reverse-plugging-prevention overvoltage protection circuit according to claim 6, wherein the second conducting switch is a triode, and an emitter of the triode is connected with a control end of the conducting switch through a second current-limiting resistor.
8. An electrical appliance comprising the reverse-insertion prevention, overvoltage protection circuit of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The electric appliance according to claim 8, characterized in that it is in particular: an air conditioner.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021138395.9U CN212649095U (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2020-06-18 | Reverse-plugging-prevention overvoltage protection circuit and electric appliance |
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| CN202021138395.9U CN212649095U (en) | 2020-06-18 | 2020-06-18 | Reverse-plugging-prevention overvoltage protection circuit and electric appliance |
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| CN212649095U true CN212649095U (en) | 2021-03-02 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111682506A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-18 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-reverse insertion, overvoltage protection circuit, control method and electrical appliance |
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- 2020-06-18 CN CN202021138395.9U patent/CN212649095U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111682506A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-18 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | A kind of anti-reverse insertion, overvoltage protection circuit, control method and electrical appliance |
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