CN212344413U - A kind of orchard green manure crushing and turning machine - Google Patents
A kind of orchard green manure crushing and turning machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN212344413U CN212344413U CN202022074952.1U CN202022074952U CN212344413U CN 212344413 U CN212344413 U CN 212344413U CN 202022074952 U CN202022074952 U CN 202022074952U CN 212344413 U CN212344413 U CN 212344413U
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Abstract
一种果园绿肥粉碎翻压机，属于农业机械技术领域。包括机架、动力传动轴、传动机构Ⅰ、传动机构Ⅱ、粉碎装置、翻土装置、平土板及镇压滚筒，动力传动轴设置在机架顶部悬挂架端，其上连接动力输入轴，动力传动轴包括粉碎装置传动轴和翻土装置传动轴，一端分别与动力输入轴传动连接，粉碎装置传动轴另一端通过传动机构Ⅰ连接粉碎装置刀轴，翻土装置传动轴另一端通过传动机构Ⅱ连接翻土装置刀轴，在机架末端设置平土板，镇压滚筒通过支架连接在机架末端，位于平土板行进后端。本发明集切割、粉碎、旋耕翻土、镇压于一体，操作简单，不再需要先粉碎后翻埋的这样一个繁琐过程，极大的提高了工作效率，基本满足对果园绿肥的高效利用。
An orchard green manure crushing and turning machine belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. It includes a frame, a power transmission shaft, a transmission mechanism I, a transmission mechanism II, a crushing device, a soil turning device, a soil leveling plate and a pressing roller. The drive shaft includes the drive shaft of the crushing device and the drive shaft of the soil turning device, one end of which is respectively connected with the power input shaft, the other end of the drive shaft of the crushing device is connected to the cutter shaft of the crushing device through the transmission mechanism I, and the other end of the drive shaft of the soil turning device is connected through the transmission mechanism II. The cutter shaft of the turning device is connected, the flat soil plate is set at the end of the frame, and the pressing roller is connected to the end of the frame through the bracket, which is located at the rear end of the flat soil plate. The present invention integrates cutting, crushing, rotary tillage, and repression, and is simple to operate, eliminating the need for such a cumbersome process of crushing and then burial, greatly improving work efficiency, and basically satisfying the efficient utilization of orchard green manure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an orchard green manure smashing and turning machine.
Background
The orchard green manure mainly has the following effects: firstly, the soil erosion is prevented. In the fruit tree planting of China, the area covered by the green manure is small, the soil on the ground surface is exposed, the water and soil loss can affect the growth of the fruit trees, the roots and stems of the green manure grow vigorously, a large area of planting can bring a lot of beneficial nutrients to the fruit trees, and soil organic matters are increased. The properties of the soil layer can be improved. After the green manure is compacted by upturned soil, the crushed green manure pressed into the soil can generate the needed nutrition for the fruit trees through the uninterrupted decomposition of microorganisms. But also can block the growth of weeds and is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees. In orchards planted in China, a large amount of weeds grow to influence the growth of crops, and the effect of staring the growth of the weeds after planting green manure is achieved. After the paspalum natatum is planted in the orchard, the growth of weeds can be well inhibited, and meanwhile, the weeds in the orchard can be effectively removed. Most importantly, the prevention of diseases and pests is realized. A large number of related experiments prove that various green manure planted among rows in an orchard can play a role in preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in the orchard.
The existing green manure crushing machine at home and abroad has the following defects in principle and structure:
(1) the most commonly used machinery is rotary cultivator in green manure crushing at present, it can only be broken over the grass or break green top of planting, can't effectively smash, and longer green manure can twine on the rotary blade, and work period must artifical clearance weeds, and work efficiency is low.
(2) The green manure burying machine and the green leaf turning machine mainly destroy root systems of green manure and then bury the green manure underground, the green manure is basically not crushed, and the green manure which is not crushed is buried underground and is not easy to decompose.
(3) At present, the orchard green manure is uniformly crushed and fewer effective landfill machines are used in China, and the orchard operation has higher requirements on the volume and the operation of the machines, so that the orchard green manure crushing machine is blank in the field.
(4) The operation form of the foreign large farm is not suitable for the operation mode of China, and the structure is not suitable for the use requirement of China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an orchard green manure crushing and turning machine which is used for controlling overgrowth of green manure, cutting and crushing the green manure and mixing the green manure with surface soil. The orchard green manure rotary tillage machine is a machine which is towed and suspended by a tractor, cut, crushed, rotary-tilled, turned and pressed into a whole, is simple to operate, does not need a complex process of firstly crushing and then turning and burying, greatly improves the working efficiency, and basically meets the requirement of efficient utilization of orchard green manure.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to an orchard green manure smashing and turning-over machine which comprises a rack, a power transmission shaft, a transmission mechanism I, a transmission mechanism II, a smashing device, a soil turning device, a soil leveling plate and a pressing roller.
Preferably, the crushing device is formed by arranging a plurality of crushing cutters on a crushing cutter shaft along the circumference of the crushing cutter shaft, one end of the crushing cutter shaft is provided with a first belt pulley of a transmission mechanism I, the crushing cutters are Y-shaped flail cutters and are formed by mounting two bent cutters on a cutter holder in a back-to-back combination mode, and the Y-shaped flail cutters are arranged on the crushing cutter shaft in a spiral line mode.
Preferably, the blade width of the crushing blade is 30-100 mm.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism I comprises a primary speed increasing mechanism and a secondary speed increasing mechanism, the primary speed increasing mechanism is a gear speed increasing mechanism and comprises a first gear and a second gear, the first gear is arranged at one end of a transmission shaft of the crushing device, and a rotating shaft of the second gear which is matched with the first gear for transmission is arranged on the rack; the second-stage speed increasing mechanism comprises a belt, a first belt wheel and a second belt wheel, the first belt wheel is installed on a rotating shaft of the second gear, the second belt wheel is arranged at one end of the crushing cutter shaft, and the belt is arranged between the first belt wheel and the second belt wheel.
Preferably, the installation distance between the crushing cutter shaft of the crushing device and the soil turning cutter shaft of the soil turning device is 600-680mm, so that after the green manure is crushed, the green manure is uniformly and completely paved on the ground surface under the action of air flow, and the rotary tillage soil turning operation is carried out on the soil.
Preferably, the soil turning device is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of soil turning knives on the circumference of a soil turning knife shaft at intervals, and one end of the soil turning knife shaft is provided with a first V-shaped belt wheel of the transmission mechanism II.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism II comprises a first V-shaped belt pulley, a second V-shaped belt pulley and a V-shaped belt, the first V-shaped belt pulley is installed at one end of the soil turning cutter shaft, the second V-shaped belt pulley is installed at one end of a transmission shaft of the soil turning device, and the V-shaped belt is arranged between the first V-shaped belt pulley and the second V-shaped belt pulley; the transmission ratio of the second V-shaped belt wheel and the first V-shaped belt wheel ranges from 1.05 to 0.57.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the green manure smashing and turning-over machine for the orchard, power is transmitted to the smashing device and the soil turning device through the transmission mechanism I and the transmission mechanism II respectively, smashing operation and soil turning operation are carried out respectively, and the soil leveling plate and the pressing roller are arranged at the tail end of the machine frame; make cutting, crushing, rotary tillage turn over soil, suppression in an organic whole, easy operation no longer need smash earlier then turn over such loaded down with trivial details process of burying, very big improvement work efficiency, satisfy the high-efficient utilization to orchard green manure basically.
2. The crushing device is formed by arranging a plurality of crushing cutters on a crushing cutter shaft along the circumference of the crushing cutter shaft, wherein the crushing cutters are Y-shaped flail cutters which are arranged on the crushing cutter shaft in a spiral line. Not only simple structure, the distribution is even, and preparation easy maintenance makes the atress of smashing the arbor better moreover, satisfies the dynamic balance requirement.
3. The installation distance between the crushing cutter shaft of the crushing device and the soil turning cutter shaft of the soil turning device ensures that after green manure is crushed, the green manure is uniformly and completely paved on the ground surface under the action of air flow, and then the rotary tillage soil turning operation is carried out on the soil.
4. The power of the invention is connected with the crushing cutter shaft of the crushing device through a transmission mechanism I to carry out two-stage speed increase; the transmission mechanism II is connected with a soil turning cutter shaft of the soil turning device to perform the speed reduction operation of the rotary tillage cutter shaft.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the whole machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the Y-shaped flail knife of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the green manure crushing and turning machine frame according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a power transmission schematic diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a frame, 101, a crushing cutter shaft mounting seat, 102, a soil turning cutter shaft mounting seat, 103, a mounting seat, 104, a connecting seat, 105, a mounting rod, 2, a transmission mechanism I, 21, a first belt pulley, 22, a first gear, 23, a second belt pulley, 24, a second gear, 25, a belt, 3, a transmission mechanism II, 31, a V-shaped belt, 32, a first V-shaped belt pulley, 33, a second V-shaped belt pulley, 4, a power transmission shaft, 41, a crushing device transmission shaft, 42, a soil turning device transmission shaft, 5, a power input shaft, 51, a bevel gear I, 52, a bevel gear II, 53, a bevel gear III, 6, a suspension bracket, 7, a pull rod, 8, a crushing device, 81, 82, a crushing cutter shaft, 83, a crushing housing, 9, a soil turning device, 91, a soil turning cutter, 92, a soil turning cutter shaft, 10, a soil leveling plate, 11, a pressing roller and 12.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: the invention relates to an orchard green manure smashing and turning-over machine which comprises a rack 1, a power transmission shaft 4, a transmission mechanism 2, a transmission mechanism II 3, a smashing device 8, a soil turning device 9, a soil leveling plate 10 and a pressing roller 11, wherein the power transmission shaft 4 is arranged at the end of a three-point suspension frame 6 at the top of the rack 1 and is connected with a power input shaft 5, the power transmission shaft 4 comprises a smashing device transmission shaft 41 and a soil turning device transmission shaft 42, one end of the smashing device transmission shaft is respectively in transmission connection with the power input shaft 5, the other end of the smashing device transmission shaft 41 is connected with a smashing cutter shaft 82 of the smashing device through a transmission mechanism I, the other end of the soil turning device transmission shaft is connected with a soil turning cutter shaft 92 of the soil turning device through a transmission mechanism II, the soil leveling plate 13 is arranged at the tail end of the rack 1, and.
The opposite ends of the transmission shaft 41 of the crushing device and the transmission shaft 42 of the soil turning device of the power transmission shaft 4 are respectively provided with a bevel gear II 52 and a bevel gear III 53, and the bevel gear II 52 and the bevel gear III 53 are in meshing transmission with a bevel gear I51 connected with the power input shaft 5.
The smashing device is characterized in that a plurality of smashing knives 81 are arranged on the smashing knife shaft 82 along the circumference of the smashing knife shaft to form the smashing device, a first belt wheel 21 of a transmission mechanism I2 is arranged at one end of the smashing knife shaft 82, the smashing knives 81 are Y-shaped flail knives and are formed by two bent knives which are arranged on a knife holder in a back-to-back combined mode, the Y-shaped flail knives are of a spiral line arrangement structure on the smashing knife shaft 82, the smashing knife shaft is simple in structure, even in distribution, convenient to manufacture and maintain, good in stress of the smashing knife shaft 10 and capable of meeting dynamic balance requirements. The crushing cover 83 is arranged outside the crushing device, so that the crushing device is integrated and convenient to disassemble.
In order to prevent deformation during operation, the blade width of the Y-shaped flail knife is 30-100mm, and 30mm is selected in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 7, the transmission mechanism i 2 includes a first-stage speed-increasing mechanism and a second-stage speed-increasing mechanism, the first-stage speed-increasing mechanism is a gear speed-increasing mechanism, and includes a first gear 22 and a second gear 24, the first gear 22 is installed at one end of a transmission shaft 41 of the crushing device, and a rotating shaft of the second gear 24, which is in transmission with the first gear, is installed on the frame 1; the secondary speed increasing mechanism comprises a belt 25, a first belt wheel 21 and a second belt wheel 23, the first belt wheel 21 is installed on a rotating shaft of the second gear 24, the second belt wheel 23 is arranged at one end of the crushing cutter shaft 82, and the belt 25 is arranged between the first belt wheel 21 and the second belt wheel 23.
The transmission ratio of the first belt wheel 21 to the second belt wheel 23 is 0.5, the speed of the crushing cutter shaft 82 is increased by first-stage speed increase through gear transmission, and the speed of the belt wheel transmission is increased by second-stage speed increase and is finally transmitted to the crushing cutter shaft 82. The purpose of two-stage speed increase is to adopt the flail knife of high-speed rotation can realize the unsupported cutting, improve the rate of cutting up, can also prevent winding and jam.
The soil turning device 9 is of a conventional structure, and is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of soil turning knives 91 on the circumference of a soil turning knife shaft 92 at intervals, and one end of the soil turning knife shaft 92 is provided with a first V-shaped belt pulley 32 of a transmission mechanism II 3. The soil turning device 9 is a rotating device, and the soil turning blade 91 is an existing rotary blade.
The transmission mechanism II 3 comprises a first V-shaped belt wheel 32, a second V-shaped belt wheel 33 and a V-shaped belt 31, the first V-shaped belt wheel 32 is installed at one end of the soil turning cutter shaft 92, the second V-shaped belt wheel 33 is installed at one end of the soil turning device transmission shaft 42, and the V-shaped belt 31 is arranged between the first V-shaped belt wheel 32 and the second V-shaped belt wheel 33.
The transmission ratio of the belt wheel is mainly determined by the output rotating speed of a tractor matched with the belt wheel and the rotating speed required by the soil turning cutter shaft, the value range of the transmission ratio of the second V-shaped belt wheel 33 and the first V-shaped belt wheel 32 is 1.05-0.57, the transmission ratio is 1.05 in the embodiment, the advancing speed of the soil turning device can be 1.0m/s, the value of the rotary tillage speed ratio lambda is 1.2-2.2, the rotary tillage cutter can cut soil backwards, the motion track is trochoid, and soil and green manure can be effectively buried.
The installation distance between the crushing cutter shaft 82 of the crushing device and the soil turning cutter shaft 92 of the soil turning device is 600-680mm, in this example, the installation distance is 680mm, so that after green manure is crushed, the green manure is uniformly and completely paved on the ground surface under the action of air flow, and then the rotary tillage soil turning operation is carried out on the soil; meanwhile, the transmission is stable, and the efficiency is high.
The frame 1 is of a frame structure, a three-point suspension bracket 6 is arranged at the top of an advancing end, a smashing device cutter shaft mounting seat 101 and a soil turning device cutter shaft mounting seat 102 are arranged on two sides of a bottom frame respectively, a smashing device transmission shaft, a soil turning device transmission shaft and a power input shaft 5 mounting seat 103 are arranged on a frame cross beam below the suspension bracket 6 respectively, a connecting seat 104 connected with a diagonal draw bar 7 is arranged at the top of the rear of the frame, and a compacting roller mounting rod 105 is arranged at the tail end of the frame. Because the frame 1 is longer, the working front end of the frame 1 is fixed on the three-point suspension, and the frame 1 is completely stressed when the machine body is lifted, the diagonal draw bar 7 is connected between the two ends of the frame 1 to protect the frame beam and strengthen the strength of the frame beam.
When the machine works, the three-point suspension bracket 6 is hung and pulled by a tractor to move forward, power is transmitted to the power input shaft 5 from a power output rear shaft of the tractor, the power input shaft 5 drives the power input shaft to rotate together with the transmission shaft 41 of the crushing device and the transmission shaft 42 of the soil turning device which are driven by bevel gears, and the power input shaft is driven to rotate by the first V-shaped belt wheel 32, the V-shaped belt 31 and the second V-shaped belt wheel 33 which are arranged at one end of the soil turning cutter shaft 12 of the transmission mechanism II 3 which is arranged at the end part of the transmission shaft 42; the first gear 22 of the first-level speed increasing mechanism arranged at the end part of the transmission shaft 41 of the crushing device is meshed with the second gear 24 coaxial with the first belt pulley 21 to change the direction, the power is transmitted to the crushing cutter shaft 82 through the first belt pulley 21, the belt and the second belt pulley 23 after the direction is changed, the crushing cutter shaft 82 rotates in the opposite direction of the soil turning cutter shaft 92, the green manure is crushed through the Y-shaped flail knife, the green manure is mixed with the soil through the soil turning knife 91 on the soil turning cutter shaft 92, and the soil is leveled through the soil leveling plate 10 and the soil leveling roller 11.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the orchard green manure crushing and turning machine is matched with a tractor, under the driving of the tractor, green manure is driven by the tractor to rotate under the action of negative air pressure, airflow around a crushing cutter body is high in flow velocity and low in pressure intensity, and air flow velocity around the crushing cutter body is low and the green manure is pressed strongly, so that grass can deflect to the crushing cutter under atmospheric pressure, is sucked to the crushing cutter, is crushed for multiple times under the high-speed rotation of the crushing cutter shaft 82, is uniformly paved on the ground surface under the action of airflow, turns the upturned soil under the action of the soil turning cutter 91, flattens the turned soil by using the flattening plate 10, and is finally pressed by the pressing roller 11 to complete the whole process. The power transmission principle of the crushing device 8 is shown in fig. 7, the crushing device 8 is the core of the whole machine, and the crushing knife 81 selects a Y-shaped flail knife with good shearing and crushing effects, large action area and good pickup property, as shown in fig. 5. The flail knife is composed of two bent knives back to back and is installed on a knife seat, and the width of the knife blade is 30-100mm in order to prevent deformation in the operation process. The frame of the green manure crusher for the orchard serves as an important component and a supporting part of the crusher, so that each part is connected with a tractor and bears the gravity and the pressure of a crushing main shaft, a soil turning main shaft and a transmission device.
When designing the frame of the whole machine, under the condition of meeting the reasonable design frame, the following requirements are considered according to the operation and working environment to be borne by the machine frame:
(1) the designed frame has reasonable structure and is convenient to manufacture;
(2) the hardness and the rigidity meet the operation requirements, and the high-stability steel plate has high stability, and can ensure that each part is fixed stably and does not displace when in work;
(3) on the premise of ensuring the working efficiency, the weight of the frame is reduced as much as possible, the load is reduced, reasonable materials are selected, and the cost is reduced;
(4) the design structure is reasonable, so that each part is convenient to install, debug, repair and replace; the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance and the shock resistance are good.
Example 2: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the width of the blade of the crushing knife in this example is 100 mm. The transmission ratio of the second V-pulley 33 and the first V-pulley 32 in this example is 0.57. The installation distance between the crushing cutter shaft 82 of the crushing device and the soil turning cutter shaft 92 of the soil turning device is 600 mm.
Example 3: the difference between this example and example 1 is: the width of the blade of the crushing knife in this example is 50 mm. The transmission ratio of the second V-pulley 33 and the first V-pulley 32 in this example takes a value of 0.8. The installation distance between the crushing cutter shaft 82 of the crushing device and the soil turning cutter shaft 92 of the soil turning device is 650 mm.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited by the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022074952.1U CN212344413U (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | A kind of orchard green manure crushing and turning machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022074952.1U CN212344413U (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | A kind of orchard green manure crushing and turning machine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN212344413U true CN212344413U (en) | 2021-01-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022074952.1U Expired - Fee Related CN212344413U (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | A kind of orchard green manure crushing and turning machine |
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| CN (1) | CN212344413U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111955076A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-11-20 | 塔里木大学 | Orchard green manure smashing and turning machine |
-
2020
- 2020-09-21 CN CN202022074952.1U patent/CN212344413U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111955076A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-11-20 | 塔里木大学 | Orchard green manure smashing and turning machine |
| CN111955076B (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2024-09-17 | 塔里木大学 | Orchard green manure smashes turn-down press |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20210115 Termination date: 20210921 |