CN212162078U - Low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit and array - Google Patents
Low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit and array Download PDFInfo
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- CN212162078U CN212162078U CN202021050273.4U CN202021050273U CN212162078U CN 212162078 U CN212162078 U CN 212162078U CN 202021050273 U CN202021050273 U CN 202021050273U CN 212162078 U CN212162078 U CN 212162078U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a tight coupling antenna unit in low section broadband wide angle and array belongs to radar and communication technology field. The antenna unit comprises a wide-angle matching layer, a coupling layer, an antenna layer and a feed layer, and the whole structure is processed by adopting a multilayer printed board process. The antenna array is arranged by the antenna units according to the specified unit spacing rule. The utility model discloses an antenna unit has adopted multilayer printing board processing technology, has greatly reduced equipment, the welding degree of difficulty of later stage tight coupling antenna array, has also increased the antenna array reliability. The antenna array adopts a microstrip line caliber coupling feed structure, so that the design of a traditional dipole tightly-coupled array antenna broadband balun is omitted, and the design difficulty of the tightly-coupled array antenna is greatly simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a radar and communication technology field, in particular to tight coupling antenna unit in low section broadband wide angle and array.
Background
In modern information wars, the performance requirements on various weapon platforms are continuously improved, the functional requirements are gradually diversified, and a large number of various electronic information functional systems are often needed to realize multiple functions such as searching, communication, navigation, electronic reconnaissance and countermeasures, friend or foe identification, situation perception, fire control and the like. In order to realize the functions of the system, the platform needs to be provided with antennas in different forms, which not only occupies larger volume, load and power consumption, but also has difficult layout on a carrier platform. Due to the limited space size of the platform, strong electromagnetic interference can seriously affect the performance of each antenna, and in the process of installation and debugging, a great deal of time is spent for reducing the interference among the antennas as much as possible, so that the construction cost is greatly increased. More importantly, the characteristics of the carrier platform, such as aerodynamics, electromagnetic stealth, electromagnetic compatibility and the like, are affected by the coupling between the carrier platform and the antenna. Therefore, in order to realize the integration of various radio frequency apertures of the platform, research on the low-profile broadband wide-angle array antenna needs to be carried out.
The broadband phased array has the advantages of multiple functions, short reaction time, high data transmission rate and strong anti-interference capability. The antenna system can integrate multiple system functions such as wireless communication, electronic countermeasure, target detection and the like to form a shared aperture antenna system. The traditional broadband phased array antenna technology is designed with great limitation, and the bandwidth widening margin is small. The antenna element bandwidth limits the array bandwidth and the spatial scan angle is affected by the inter-element cross-coupling.
The broadband array antenna based on the mutual coupling effect is not limited by the bandwidth of the array elements, and also utilizes the mutual coupling effect among the array elements, and an additional mutual coupling capacitor is added among the antennas to counteract the input inductive reactance introduced by the floor, so that the impedance of each unit in the array can be kept stable in a very wide frequency band and angle range. Research shows that the novel broadband array antenna has the characteristics of ultra-wide band and wide-angle scanning superior to the traditional bandwidth. The antenna unit has smaller electrical size, and has the advantages that the antenna array has small volume and small radar scattering cross section after array combination; the conformal is easy, and the influence on the pneumatic characteristic of the platform is reduced; the disadvantages are that various problems of processing, assembling and the like can be encountered in the actual engineering process, such as the problem that after the frequency is higher, the coupling between the antenna units is difficult to be modulated accurately, the problem that the feed structure of the antenna is welded with the radio frequency connector and the like. In addition, the ultra-wideband feed balun has the problems of difficult design and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention provides a low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit and array; the later manual assembly link is reduced, and the assembly difficulty of the tightly coupled antenna array is greatly reduced; and the design of the ultra-wideband feed balun is avoided, and the design difficulty of the wide-band wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna array is greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit sequentially comprises a wide-angle matching layer, a coupling layer, an antenna layer and a feed layer from top to bottom;
the wide-angle matching layer comprises a first dielectric substrate;
the coupling layer comprises a second dielectric substrate; a half-coupling patch is arranged at each edge of one pair of edges of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate;
the antenna layer comprises a third dielectric substrate; a metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and a feed gap is formed in the middle of the metal floor; the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is provided with two radiation patches which are parallel to the feed gap and are respectively positioned at two sides of the feed gap, and each radiation patch is connected with the metal floor through two rows of short circuit columns which penetrate through the third dielectric substrate;
the feed layer comprises a fourth dielectric substrate, the fourth dielectric substrate is tightly attached to the lower part of the metal floor, and a metal strip is attached to the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate; the metal strip right below the feed slot is perpendicular to the feed slot.
Furthermore, the first dielectric substrate is provided with a through hole.
Further, the metal strip is L-shaped.
Furthermore, the short-circuit column is a short-circuit metal column or a metalized through hole.
Further, two columns of short-circuiting pillars under each of the radiating patches are respectively located at different edge positions of the radiating patch.
A low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna array comprises a plurality of low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna units which are arranged in a rectangular array mode; adjacent half-coupling patches of adjacent antenna units in each row are tightly attached to form a complete single coupling patch; the metal strip of each antenna unit is connected with a radio frequency connector, and the radio frequency connector is vertical to the bottom surface of the antenna unit; the bottom of the antenna unit array is also provided with a metal shielding box, and the metal shielding box is buckled at the bottom of the antenna array; the lower part of the radio frequency connector is exposed outside the metal shielding box through a corresponding small hole on the metal shielding box.
Furthermore, the size of a rectangular array formed by arranging a plurality of antenna units is m multiplied by n, wherein m is larger than or equal to 3, and n is larger than or equal to 3.
Furthermore, the length of the radiating patch of the antenna unit at the edge position of the array is greater than that of the radiating patch of the antenna unit at the center position of the array; the length of the coupling patch of the antenna unit at the edge of the array is the same as the length of the coupling patch of the antenna unit at the center of the array.
Furthermore, the length of the coupling patch of the antenna unit at the edge position of the array is greater than that of the coupling patch of the antenna unit at the center position of the array; the length of the radiating patch of the antenna unit at the edge of the array is the same as that of the antenna unit at the center of the array.
The utility model adopts the beneficial effect that above-mentioned technical scheme produced lies in:
1. the utility model discloses an antenna unit compact structure, the integrated level is high, has greatly reduced the equipment of later stage tight coupling antenna array, the welding degree of difficulty, has also increased the antenna array reliability.
2. The utility model discloses an antenna array adopts microstrip line bore coupling feed structure, has saved the design of traditional dipole tight coupling array antenna broadband balun, has greatly simplified the design degree of difficulty of tight coupling array antenna.
3. Further, the utility model discloses an antenna array still has simple structure, the feed is simple, the section is low, the processing equipment welds the advantage that the degree of difficulty is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the bottom part in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an active standing wave ratio of the antenna unit in the embodiment of the present invention during E-plane scanning under the periodic boundary condition.
Fig. 5 is an active standing wave ratio of the antenna unit in the embodiment of the present invention during H-plane scanning under the periodic boundary condition.
Fig. 6 is an active standing wave ratio contour distribution diagram during E-plane scanning of antenna units at the center of the antenna array in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an active standing wave ratio contour distribution diagram during H-plane scanning of antenna units at the center of the antenna array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an E-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array at low frequency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is an H-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array at low frequency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an E-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array at the intermediate frequency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is an H-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array at the intermediate frequency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is an E-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array at high frequency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is an H-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array at high frequency according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. wide-angle matching layer, 2, coupling layer, 3, antenna layer, 4, feed layer, 5, half-coupling patch, 6, radiation patch, 7, short-circuit column, 8, metal floor, 9, metal strip, 10, feed gap, 11, short-circuit column, 12, metal shielding box, 13, nylon screw, 14, long coupling patch.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit sequentially comprises a wide-angle matching layer, a coupling layer, an antenna layer and a feed layer from top to bottom;
the wide-angle matching layer comprises a first dielectric substrate;
the coupling layer comprises a second dielectric substrate, and a half-coupling patch is arranged at each edge of the opposite side on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate; the semi-coupling patch is positioned between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate;
the antenna layer comprises a third dielectric substrate; a metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and a feed gap is formed in the middle of the metal floor; the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is provided with two radiation patches which are parallel to the feed gap and are respectively positioned at two sides of the feed gap, and each radiation patch is connected with the metal floor through two rows of short circuit columns which penetrate through the third dielectric substrate; the radiation patch is positioned between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate;
the feed layer comprises a fourth dielectric substrate, the fourth dielectric substrate is tightly attached to the lower part of the metal floor, and a metal strip is arranged on the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate; the metal strip and the feed gap are arranged vertically.
Furthermore, the first dielectric substrate is provided with through and symmetrical through holes.
Furthermore, the metal strip is L-shaped, and part of the metal strip is perpendicular to the feed slot.
Further, the half-coupling patch and the radiation patch are both metal patches.
Furthermore, the short-circuit column is a short-circuit metal column or a metalized through hole.
Further, the short-circuit column is located at the edge of the radiation patch.
A low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna array comprises the low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna units, wherein each antenna unit is arranged in an array; the half-coupling patches of the adjacent antenna units are tightly attached to form a complete single coupling patch; the metal strip of each antenna unit is connected with a radio frequency connector; the bottom of the antenna unit array is also provided with a metal shielding box, and the metal shielding box is buckled at the bottom of the antenna array; the end part of the radio frequency connector is exposed outside the metal shielding box through a corresponding small hole on the metal shielding box.
Furthermore, the array size of the antenna unit is m multiplied by n, wherein m is larger than or equal to 3, and n is larger than or equal to 3.
Further, the radiation patch length of the antenna unit at the edge position of the array is longer than that of the antenna unit at the center position of the array, or the coupling patch length of the antenna unit at the edge position of the array is longer than that of the antenna unit at the center position of the array.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present embodiment includes a wide-angle matching layer 1, a coupling layer 2, an antenna layer 3, and a feed layer 4, and the entire structure is processed by a multilayer printed board process.
The wide-angle matching layer is a pure dielectric substrate, the wide-angle matching layer is formed by one layer of dielectric substrate or multiple layers of dielectric substrates through pressing in order to increase the thickness, 2 surfaces of each layer of dielectric substrate are not coated with copper, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the equivalent dielectric constant of the wide-angle matching layer, a plurality of symmetrical through holes can be drilled in the wide-angle matching layer of each antenna unit.
The coupling layer is only provided with a dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a half-coupling patch 5 for generating capacitive coupling of the antenna unit, and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is exposed out of the substrate and is free of copper.
The antenna layer is formed by a layer of dielectric substrate or a plurality of layers of dielectric substrates through pressing, for the single-layer dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a radiation patch 6, the lower surface of the substrate is provided with a metal floor 8, and the metal floor is provided with a feed gap 10; the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate are provided with vertical metalized through holes. For the multilayer dielectric substrate, the upper surface of the first layer of the dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation patch 6, and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is exposed out of the substrate and is free of copper cladding; the upper surface and the lower surface of each middle layer of dielectric substrate are exposed out of the substrate without covering copper; the upper surface of the lowest dielectric substrate is exposed out of the substrate without covering copper, the lower surface is provided with a metal floor, and a feed gap is arranged on the metal floor; and vertical metalized through holes are formed in the upper surface of the dielectric substrate on the uppermost layer of the antenna layer and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate on the lowermost layer.
The upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the feed layer is a metal floor, a feed gap is arranged on the metal floor, and a metal strip is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate of the feed layer, as shown in fig. 2.
The wide-angle matching layer of the antenna unit is composed of one or more layers of dielectric substrates, the thickness of each layer is 0.508 mm-3.048 mm, and the dielectric substrates are made of TSM-DS 3M.
The coupling layer dielectric substrate of the antenna unit is made of TSM-DS3M, and the thickness of the coupling layer dielectric substrate is 0.127 mm-1.012 mm.
The antenna layer dielectric substrate of the antenna unit is made of TSM-DS3M, and the thickness is 0.508 mm-3.048 mm.
The material of the feeding layer dielectric substrate of the antenna unit is TSM-DS3M, and the thickness is 0.127 mm-1.016 mm.
The antenna array is regularly arranged by the antenna units according to the specified unit spacing, and the array scale is m multiplied by n (m is more than or equal to 3, n is more than or equal to 3, and 9 multiplied by 9 is taken as an example here). Because the tightly-coupled array antenna mainly utilizes the mutual coupling of the elements, for a limited large antenna array, the mutual coupling environment of the edge antenna elements changes, which affects the active standing-wave ratio of the edge antenna elements, and special treatment needs to be performed on the edge elements of the antenna array, and the simplest and most effective method is to extend the length of the radiation sheet or the coupling sheet of the edge antenna elements, as shown in fig. 3.
The antenna array further comprises radio frequency connectors, a metal shielding box 12, nylon screws 13 and the like.
In the above embodiment, the thickness of each layer is designed according to the operating frequency band of the antenna, and all the substrates in this embodiment are made of TSM-DS 3M. The thickness of the wide-angle matching layer is 8.996mm, the wide-angle matching layer is formed by laminating 3 layers of dielectric substrates, the thicknesses are respectively 2.54mm, 3.048mm and 3.048mm, and the thickness of the added 3 layers of laminated prepregs is 0.12 mm; the wide-angle matching layer of a single antenna unit is provided with 4 symmetrically distributed non-metalized through holes with the diameter of 6 mm. The thickness of the coupling layer is 0.254mm, the coupling is mainly to increase the capacitive coupling between the units, the coupling is generated by two metal sheets which have the same size and are symmetrically distributed, and the length and the width of each coupling patch are 4.8mm and 3.3mm respectively. The thickness of the antenna layer is 5.454mm, the antenna layer is formed by laminating 2 layers of dielectric substrates, the thicknesses are 2.286mm and 3.048mm respectively, and the thickness of the 1 layer of laminated prepreg is 0.12 mm; the radiation of the antenna is generated by two symmetrically distributed metal patches with the same size, and the length and the width of each radiation patch are respectively 5.8mm and 4.8 mm; each side of the radiation patch is connected with the ground through 3 metalized through holes, and the diameter of each metalized through hole is 0.9 mm; the lowest layer is a metal floor, a gap for feeding is arranged on the metal floor, and the length and the width of the gap are respectively 13mm and 0.65 mm. The thickness of the feed layer is 0.508 mm.
Further, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 0.508mm, the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a metal floor, a gap for feeding is carved on the metal floor, the length and the width of the gap are respectively 13mm and 0.65mm, the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with a microstrip feeder, the line width of the microstrip feeder is 1.31mm, the length of the microstrip feeder on one side of the feeding gap is 4.2mm, the length of the other side of the feeding gap can be adjusted according to the proper position of a radio frequency connector, the length of the other side of the feeding gap is 4.5mm in the embodiment, an L-shaped microstrip line is adopted, the welding of the.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 9 × 9 antenna array with wideband tightly coupled antenna elements and arrays in three-dimensional structure. The antenna array is arranged by the antenna units according to the unit spacing rule of 16.5 mm. For a limited large tightly coupled antenna array, the edge effect of the edge antenna element is handled by extending the length of the coupling sheet of the edge antenna element, which is 15 mm. The antenna array further comprises a surface mounted SSMP radio frequency connector, a metal shielding box, a nylon screw and the like.
Fig. 4 is an active standing wave ratio of the antenna unit of the above embodiment in the case of E-plane scanning under the periodic boundary condition. Fig. 5 shows the active standing wave ratio of the antenna unit of the above embodiment in H-plane scanning under the periodic boundary condition. Fig. 6 is an active standing wave ratio contour distribution diagram of the antenna array central unit (5,5) of the above embodiment when scanning the E-plane. Fig. 7 is an active standing wave ratio contour distribution diagram of the antenna array central unit (5,5) of the above embodiment during H-plane scanning. Fig. 8 is an E-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array of the above embodiment at low frequency. Fig. 9 is an H-plane scanning pattern at low frequency of the antenna array of the above embodiment. Fig. 10 is an E-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array of the above embodiment at intermediate frequency. Fig. 11 is an H-plane scanning pattern at an intermediate frequency of the antenna array of the above embodiment. Fig. 12 shows the E-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array of the above embodiment at high frequency. Fig. 13 is an H-plane scanning pattern of the antenna array of the above embodiment at high frequency.
As can be seen from fig. 4 to 7, the active standing waves of the antenna elements are well matched in the entire C-band, both under the condition of periodic boundary and in the case of a limited large array. Fig. 8 to 13 show the scanning patterns of the E plane and the H plane at the low, medium, and high frequency points, and it can be seen that the array antenna has good scanning performance, good beam shape, accurate pointing, and good engineering application prospect.
Claims (9)
1. A low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit is characterized by sequentially comprising a wide-angle matching layer (1), a coupling layer (2), an antenna layer (3) and a feed layer (4) from top to bottom;
the wide-angle matching layer comprises a first dielectric substrate;
the coupling layer comprises a second dielectric substrate; a half-coupling patch (5) is arranged at each edge of one pair of edges of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate;
the antenna layer comprises a third dielectric substrate; a metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate, and a feed gap (10) is arranged in the middle of the metal floor; the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is provided with two radiation patches (6) which are parallel to the feed gap and are respectively positioned at two sides of the feed gap, and each radiation patch is connected with the metal floor through two rows of short-circuit columns (7) penetrating through the third dielectric substrate;
the feed layer comprises a fourth dielectric substrate, the fourth dielectric substrate is tightly attached to the lower part of the metal floor (8), and a metal strip (9) is attached to the lower surface of the fourth dielectric substrate; the metal strip right below the feed slot is perpendicular to the feed slot.
2. A low profile broadband wide angle tightly coupled antenna unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first dielectric substrate is provided with a through hole.
3. A low profile broadband wide angle tightly coupled antenna unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal strip is L-shaped.
4. The low-profile wide-bandwidth wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the shorting bar is a shorting metal bar or a metalized via.
5. A low-profile wide-bandwidth wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two columns of shorting pillars under each radiating patch are located at different edge positions of the radiating patch.
6. A low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna array is characterized by comprising a plurality of low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna units are arranged in a rectangular array mode; adjacent half-coupling patches of adjacent antenna units in each row are tightly attached to form a complete single coupling patch; the metal strip of each antenna unit is connected with a radio frequency connector, and the radio frequency connector is vertical to the bottom surface of the antenna unit; the bottom of the antenna unit array is also provided with a metal shielding box (12), and the metal shielding box is buckled at the bottom of the antenna array; the lower part of the radio frequency connector is exposed outside the metal shielding box through a corresponding small hole on the metal shielding box.
7. The low-profile wide-band wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna array of claim 6, wherein the size of the rectangular array formed by arranging the plurality of antenna elements is m x n, wherein m is greater than or equal to 3, and n is greater than or equal to 3.
8. A low profile wide bandwidth wide angle tightly coupled antenna array as claimed in claim 6, wherein the radiating patch length of the antenna element at the edge of the array is longer than the radiating patch length of the other antenna elements in the array; the length of the coupling patch of the antenna element at the edge of the array is the same as the length of the coupling patch of the other antenna elements in the array.
9. A low profile wide bandwidth wide angle tightly coupled antenna array as claimed in claim 6, wherein the length of the coupling patch of the antenna element at the edge of the array is greater than the length of the coupling patch of the other antenna elements in the array; the radiating patch length of the antenna element at the edge of the array is the same as the radiating patch length of the other antenna elements in the array.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021050273.4U CN212162078U (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit and array |
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| CN202021050273.4U CN212162078U (en) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-06-10 | Low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit and array |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111525255A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit and array |
| CN114142231A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-04 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Low-coupling low-profile broadband antenna |
| CN115000727A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Broadband wide-angle scanning array antenna unit |
-
2020
- 2020-06-10 CN CN202021050273.4U patent/CN212162078U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111525255A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Low-profile broadband wide-angle tightly-coupled antenna unit and array |
| CN111525255B (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2024-11-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A low profile, wide bandwidth, tightly coupled antenna unit and array |
| CN114142231A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-04 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Low-coupling low-profile broadband antenna |
| CN115000727A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Broadband wide-angle scanning array antenna unit |
| CN115000727B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2024-05-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Wide-bandwidth angle scanning array antenna unit |
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