CN211969079U - Heavy-load electric wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heavy-load electric wheel, which belongs to the field of electric vehicle power devices; the brake, the planetary gear reducer and the hub motor are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the supporting shaft from far to near, the outer side of the hub is connected with a spoke mounting plane of the rim through a spoke, and the hub is mounted on the outer side of the supporting shaft through a pair of hub bearings; a brake caliper bracket in the brake is arranged outside the far end surface of a wheel supporting shaft through a bolt, and a brake disc is arranged on a brake disc mounting flange of a wheel hub; the hub part of the hub motor rotor support is sleeved on the rotor shaft; the sun gear of the planetary gear reducer is disposed outside the distal end side of the rotor shaft. The utility model discloses well whole electronic round of assembly's axial dimension is short, and in the space that electronic round of assembly's inside and outside both sides rim was injectd was arranged in to in-wheel motor, planetary gear reducer, stopper equipartition for electronic round of assembly can be applicable to common commercial car double tire and adorn the wheel.

Description

Heavy-load electric wheel

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle power device, specifically be an electronic wheel of heavy load.

Background

The traditional commercial vehicle generally adopts a centralized driving mode, and the performance improvement of the traditional commercial vehicle is often limited in various aspects, such as: the transmission chain is long, and components such as a transmission shaft, a transfer case, a differential mechanism and the like are needed, so that the total arrangement and the light weight are influenced, the total efficiency of a transmission system is low, the number of drive axles is limited, and the development of the vehicle towards the direction of overlong and overload is limited; a single engine provides power, and the power transmission is a series transmission mode, so that the reliability and the fault-tolerant capability are poor; the specific power is low, and the dynamic property is limited. The development of high power engine technology has therefore become a bottleneck in technological progress. For new energy commercial vehicles, the distributed electric drive technology can effectively break through the limitation.

In the distributed electric drive field of heavily loaded commercial car, wheel limit motor drive is often adopted to current technique, to a distributed drive's axle, with two driving motor symmetrical arrangement in the axle housing both sides, the motor axis is parallel relation or vertical relation with the wheel axis, adopts parallel shaft reduction gear or bevel gear to pass through planetary gear reducer drive wheel after slowing down again, and above-mentioned scheme adopts the two-stage transmission, and the mechanism is comparatively complicated, is unfavorable for reducing the volume and realizes the lightweight.

There is also the scheme that adopts wheel hub motor in heavy load commercial car, but in the electronic round scheme of wheel hub motor drive at present, some adopt wheel hub motor to directly drive, and electronic round's peak torque and continuous torque level often are lower. Some adoption wheel hub motor speed reduction drive, the structure is comparatively complicated, can not adopt the common double tire of commercial car and install the wheel, need adopt the rim of customization, and the cost is higher.

The arrangement relationship among the electric wheel driven by speed reduction, the hub motor, the speed reducer, the brake and the hub is an important factor influencing the output torque, the light weight level and the reliability of the electric wheel.

In the existing technology of driving an electric wheel with reduced speed, a common scheme is to arrange a hub bearing between a motor housing and an output end of a speed reducer, for example, as disclosed in the invention patent of chinese patent application No. 2017107496209, a method for transmitting force of an electric wheel and a vehicle using the method, the invention patent of chinese patent application No. 2017106143197, an integrated hub motor driving unit, and the invention patent of chinese patent application No. 2014106986866, an integrated hub motor driving unit, the output end of the speed reducer is equivalent to a hub of a conventional wheel, and the arrangement makes the structure of the motor housing and the output end of the speed reducer complex, and increases the cost of the electric wheel. Moreover, on one hand, the structure enables the shell of the motor to bear the torque of the wheel and the vertical load of the wheel from the hub bearing, the shell is in a bending and twisting combined stress state, the stress condition is severe, the problem of poor rigidity of the motor is possibly caused, and the reliability of the motor is further influenced. On the other hand, the brake is often arranged between the speed reducer and the hub motor (namely, the invention patent with the Chinese patent application number of 2017106143197 and the invention patent with the Chinese patent application number of 2017106143197), namely, the motor, the brake and the speed reducer are arranged in sequence from the near end to the far end of the wheel shaft, so that the heat dissipation condition of the brake is poor, the local temperature of the brake can reach hundreds of degrees centigrade during braking, and if the heat dissipation is poor or the heat insulation between the brake and the motor is insufficient, the temperature of the motor can be too high, and further, the problems of demagnetization of the permanent magnet, failure of the rotary seal and the like can be caused.

The conventional scheme is that the electric wheel is driven in a speed reduction manner, for example, as disclosed in an invention patent with the Chinese patent application number of 2018112345985, namely a wheel hub motor drive axle with a built-in speed reduction mechanism, an invention patent with the Chinese patent application number of 201810454446X, namely a low-floor electric axle assembly, and an invention patent with the Chinese patent application number of 2019101670982, namely an electric wheel assembly adopting a drum brake, a speed reducer is arranged at the high-speed end of the electric wheel, namely a brake disc is connected with a rotating shaft of a motor, so that the electric wheel is sequentially provided with the brake, the wheel hub motor and the speed reducer from the axial near end to the axial far end, the arrangement is favorable for the heat dissipation of the brake, but the brake disc is relatively high in loss and relatively poor in reliability due to the relatively high rotating speed of the brake.

Therefore, a novel electric wheel assembly is urgently needed, the bearing of each part inside the electric wheel assembly is reasonable, the heat dissipation condition of the brake is good, the weight is light, and the dynamic property, the economical efficiency and the reliability are also considered.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To the problem that exists among the background art, the utility model provides an electronic wheel of heavy load, a serial communication port, include: the wheel comprises a wheel support shaft, a spoke, a rim, a hub motor, a planetary gear reducer and a brake; the brake, the planetary gear reducer and the hub motor are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the supporting shaft from far to near, the outer side of the hub is connected with a spoke mounting plane of the rim through a spoke, and the hub is mounted on the outer side of the supporting shaft through a pair of hub bearings; a brake caliper bracket in the brake is arranged outside the far end surface of a wheel supporting shaft through a bolt, and a brake disc is arranged on a brake disc mounting flange of a wheel hub; the hub part of the hub motor rotor support is sleeved on the rotor shaft; the sun gear of the planetary gear reducer is disposed outside the distal end side of the rotor shaft.

The offset distance of the symmetrical plane of the wheel hub bearings of the pair of wheel hub bearings relative to the axial plane in the electric wheel assembly is not more than 0.2L, wherein L is the axial length of the electric wheel assembly.

The wheel support shaft can be fixed on the axle through the installation adapter plate.

The wheel supporting shaft can be bolted with a steering knuckle, and the near end face of an inner end cover of a motor shell in the hub motor is also bolted with the steering knuckle.

The wheel rims are divided into an inner wheel rim and an outer wheel rim, and the spoke installation planes of the two wheel rims are symmetrical relative to the axial far and near sides of the shaft surface in the electric wheel assembly.

The wheel rim can also be a split wheel rim, the two lobes at the axial near end and the axial far end of the wheel rim are respectively an inner side part and an outer side part, and the spoke installation planes of the inner side part and the outer side part are symmetrical relative to the axial far and near sides of the shaft surface in the electric wheel assembly.

The brake may be a pneumatically operated disc brake comprising: the brake caliper comprises a brake caliper support, a brake caliper, a brake disc, friction plates and a brake actuating mechanism, wherein the brake caliper support is installed outside the far end surface of a wheel support shaft through bolts, a plurality of guide pin grooves along the axial direction of a wheel are formed in the brake caliper support, the brake caliper is installed on the brake caliper support through guide pins inserted into the guide pin grooves, one end of each guide pin inserted into the guide pin groove is sleeved with a rubber bushing, and the periphery of each guide pin is sleeved with a dustproof sleeve; the actuating mechanism comprises a brake air chamber, a brake air chamber ejector rod, a brake air chamber return spring, a brake rocker arm, a brake needle bearing, a brake piston return spring and a brake tappet, wherein the brake rocker arm, the brake piston return spring and the brake tappet are located in an inner cavity of the brake caliper, the brake air chamber ejector rod is installed on a diaphragm in the brake air chamber cavity, the end part of the brake air chamber ejector rod, which is close to one side of the brake caliper, is just opposite to one end, away from a rotating shaft, of the brake rocker arm, the brake air chamber return spring is arranged on the outer side of the brake air chamber ejector rod, an external brake air chamber is installed outside the brake caliper, and the inner.

The brake may also be a hydraulically operated disc brake comprising: the brake caliper comprises a brake caliper support, a brake caliper, a brake disc, friction plates and a brake actuating mechanism, wherein the brake caliper support is installed outside the far end surface of a wheel support shaft through bolts, a plurality of guide pin grooves along the axial direction of a wheel are formed in the brake caliper support, the brake caliper is installed on the brake caliper support through guide pins inserted into the guide pin grooves, one end of each guide pin inserted into the guide pin groove is sleeved with a rubber bushing, and the periphery of each guide pin is sleeved with a dustproof sleeve; the brake actuating mechanism comprises a piston, a brake piston return spring and a brake tappet, the piston is located in a hydraulic cavity reserved in the brake caliper, the brake tappet is arranged on one side, close to the brake disc, of the brake piston, and the brake piston return spring is arranged between the brake tappet and the brake piston.

The spoke is a plane ring or a ring with an outer edge protruding to the near end, the hub penetrates through the center of the spoke, the hub motor and the planetary gear reducer are in one group, and the brake is in the other group and is respectively arranged in the space on the two sides of the spoke.

Wheel hub is by the drum, set up in the brake disc mounting flange in the drum distal end outside, set up in the reduction gear mounting flange in the drum middle part outside and set up in the integrative rigid coupling of the inboard bearing location step in drum middle part and form, wherein be equipped with the trompil that supplies the planet round pin to pass on the reduction gear mounting flange, the planet round pin presss from both sides tight reduction gear mounting flange and planet carrier through the screw thread and the boss face of distal end, reduction gear mounting flange still passes through bolted connection with the spoke, brake disc mounting flange and the inboard bolt joint of brake disc, bearing location step is used for wheel hub.

The in-wheel motor is inner rotor motor, and the in-wheel motor includes: the motor comprises a motor shell, a stator, a winding, a rotor support, a rotary transformer, a motor bearing and a rotor shaft, wherein the motor shell comprises a stator shell, an inner end cover and an outer end cover, the inner end cover and the outer end cover are bolted to the two end faces of the near end and the far end of the stator shell, and the inner end cover is bolted to an installation adapter plate; the stator is internally sleeved on the inner ring surface of the stator shell, the winding is wound in a tooth slot of the stator, and the rotor is positioned on the inner side of the stator and has an air gap with the stator; the rotor is fixed on a rotor support, the rotor support is of a wheel-shaped structure, a wheel rim of the rotor support is internally sleeved on the rotor for mounting the rotor, and a hub part of the rotor support is sleeved on a rotor shaft; the stator shell is of a cylindrical structure, the near end side of the stator shell is bolted with the inner end cover, and the far end side of the stator shell is simultaneously bolted with the outer end cover and the gear ring frame of the planetary gear reducer.

The planetary gear reducer includes: the planetary gear reducer comprises a sun gear, a planetary gear bearing, a gear ring frame, a planetary carrier, a planetary gear pin, a reducer oil seal and a gear ring end cover, wherein the sun gear is of a gear structure at one end of a rotor shaft, is a power input end of the planetary gear reducer and is meshed with the planetary gear; a plurality of planet wheels are arranged, and each planet wheel is simultaneously meshed with the sun wheel and the gear ring; each planet wheel is supported on the planet carrier through a planet wheel pin, and a planet wheel bearing is arranged between each planet wheel and the planet wheel pin; the far end of the planet wheel pin passes through the mounting hole of the planet carrier and the opening of the inner edge plane of the spoke, and the planet wheel pin is fixed with the planet carrier through the screw thread at the far end and the elastic retainer ring at the near end; the planet carrier is the power output end of the planetary gear reducer; the gear ring is sleeved in the gear ring frame, the gear ring frame is of a stepped sleeve structure, one end with the larger diameter is connected with the hub motor, and the other end with the smaller diameter is fixed on the gear ring end cover.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

1) the axial dimension of the whole electric wheel assembly is short, and the hub motor, the planetary gear reducer and the brake are uniformly distributed in the space defined by the rims on the inner side and the outer side of the electric wheel assembly, so that the electric wheel assembly can be suitable for the common commercial vehicle double-tire parallel-mounted wheel, the rims do not need to be customized, and the cost of the electric wheel assembly is effectively controlled;

2) the rotor of the hub motor adopts a hollow cylindrical structure and is connected to a hollow rotor shaft through a rotor support of a wheel-shaped structure, so that the wheel support shaft can penetrate through the hollow rotor shaft; on the other hand, the hub motor and the planetary gear reduction gearbox are both installed through the inner end cover of the motor shell, and the shell gear ring frames of the motor shell and the planetary gear reduction gearbox are both separated from the wheel support shaft, so that the shells only bear respective gravity and transmit torque at the gear ring, but do not bear the load of the wheel, and the bending and twisting composite degree of stress of the related shells is weakened; the hollow rotor shaft, the wheel support shaft and the shell structure are reasonable in bearing relation, and the shell structure can be made of materials such as aluminum alloy or be subjected to weight reduction design due to the fact that the shell structure does not bear vertical load, so that the motor shell and the ring gear frame are light in weight, and the motor shell and the ring gear frame are suitable for being lightened, and the motor wheel assembly is light in weight and suitable for being used for double tires and provided with wheels;

3) the brake is arranged at the low-speed end of the wheel, and the disc brake is adopted, so that the reliability of the brake is better and the loss of the friction plate is slower compared with the scheme of arranging the brake at the high-speed end; compared with the scheme of a drum brake, the drum brake has better thermal stability and wading stability. The brake can adopt various different control modes such as hydraulic control, air pressure control or gas cap liquid, can adopt different actuating mechanism forms or brake mounting structures, and the brake structure does not need to be greatly modified compared with the disc brake of the traditional vehicle;

4) in the aspect of brake arrangement, the brake is arranged in the outer rim space, on one hand, the rim space of a double-tire parallel wheel is reasonably utilized, the space in the inner wheel is saved, the axial length of a hub motor can be longer, and the output torque level of an electric wheel is favorably improved; moreover, because the inner space of the outer rim is relatively sufficient, the number of the brake calipers and the arrangement angle in the circumferential direction can be flexibly selected according to the design requirement of the vehicle;

5) the utility model discloses a vehicle of compatible non-independent suspension of electronic round scheme and independent suspension, moreover, to the embodiment that adopts non-independent suspension, compare traditional transaxle, adopt the utility model discloses parts such as main reducer, differential mechanism, semi-axis, transfer case can be saved to the transaxle of electronic round assembly, and the quality of axle itself also reduces by a wide margin to be favorable to reducing the quality of transaxle by a wide margin, be favorable to reducing the unsprung mass of commercial car, promote the lightweight level of whole car;

6) the planet wheel of the planetary gear reducer adopts a graded tower gear, on one hand, the transmission ratio of a single-stage planetary gear reducer is improved, the output torque of the electric wheel assembly is ensured, the output torque of an axle adopting the electric wheel assembly of the utility model is improved compared with the traditional traction axle, on the other hand, under the condition of ensuring that the reduction ratio meets the requirement, the arrangement mode effectively reduces the axial length of the planetary gear reducer, ensures that the sum of the axial lengths of the hub motor and the planetary gear reducer is not too long, can be arranged in the space limited by the spoke and the inner rim, ensures that the whole position of the hub bearing is not too close to the outer side of the tire, and the spoke is of a hollow disc-shaped structure, ensures that the hub, the wheel support shaft and the like can pass through the spoke, and the symmetrical surfaces arranged by the two hub bearings are close to or coincident, the supporting mode of the electric wheel assembly suitable for double tires and provided with wheels is close to the fully floating type with the most reasonable force bearing state;

7) the integrated cooling and lubricating mode can be changed from the split cooling and lubricating scheme of the hub motor and the speed reducer without great change, the peak value of the hub motor and the output torque and the output power under the continuous condition can be greatly improved under the integrated cooling and lubricating scheme, the wheel, the support shaft assembly and the planetary gear speed reducer are also cooled, the lubricating state is effectively improved, and the integration level of the whole electric wheel assembly is also improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment 1 of a heavy-duty electric wheel using a disc brake according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the hub and spoke area of an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is an axial distal end elevational view of a wheel in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is an axial distal end elevational view of a wheel with dual brake calipers in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a hub motor region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of embodiment 3 of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of embodiment 4 of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of embodiment 5 of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a planetary gear reducer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

wheel and support shaft assembly: 101-outer tire, 102-outer rim, 103-inner tire, 104-inner rim, 105-spoke, 106-mounting adapter disc, 107-wheel support shaft, 108-support shaft oil seal, 109-hub bearing, 110-hub, 111-hub bearing round nut and locking pin, 112-hub end cap and seal, 113-knuckle, 114-wide tire, 115-rim, 1051-outer edge plane, 1052-offset slope, 1053-inner edge plane, 1071-fifth step, 1101-reducer mounting flange, 1102-brake disc mounting flange, 1103-cylinder, 1104-bearing positioning step, 1151-inner side, 1152-outer side;

a hub motor: 201-outer end cover, 202-stator housing, 203-cooling oil channel, 204-cooling liquid inlet, 205-inner end cover, 206-oil spray hole, 207-stator, 208-winding, 209-rotor, 210-rotor support, 211-rotary transformer, 212-motor bearing, 213-rotor shaft, 214-motor oil seal, 215-motor oil seal cover, 216-oil return port, 217-cooling liquid outlet;

a planetary gear reducer: 301-sun gear, 302-planet gear, 303-planet gear bearing, 304-ring gear, 305-ring gear rack, 306-planet carrier, 307-planet gear pin, 308-reducer oil seal, 309-ring gear end cover;

a brake: 401-brake caliper support, 402-rubber bushing, 403-guide pin, 404-hydraulic line, 405-dust cap, 406-brake disc, 407-brake caliper, 408-piston, 409-brake piston return spring, 410-tappet, 411-friction plate, 412-pneumatic line, 413-brake chamber, 414-brake chamber tappet, 415-brake chamber return spring, 416-brake rocker arm, 417-needle bearing;

a-the middle shaft surface of the electric wheel assembly and B-the symmetrical surface of the hub bearing.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to conveniently show the details of the electric wheel assembly, fig. 1, 2, 6 and 9 are all portions on one side of the central axis of the cross section of the electric wheel assembly, and fig. 7 and 8 are all portions above the central axis of the longitudinal section of the electric wheel assembly.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5 and 10, embodiment 1 of the present invention includes: a wheel support shaft 107, a wheel disc 105, a rim 115, a hub motor, a planetary gear reducer, and a brake; wherein the brake, the planetary gear reducer and the hub motor are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the support shaft 107 from far to near, the outer side of the hub 110 is connected with the spoke mounting plane of the rim through the spokes 105, and the hub 110 is mounted on the outer side of the support shaft 107 through a pair of hub bearings 109; a brake caliper bracket 401 in the brake is mounted outside the distal end face of the wheel support shaft 107 by bolts, and a brake disc 406 is mounted on a brake disc mounting flange of the wheel hub 110; the hub part of the hub motor rotor support 210 is sleeved on the rotor shaft 213; the sun gear 301 of the planetary gear reducer is disposed outside the distal end side of the rotor shaft 213, and the outer end of the planetary pin 307 of the planetary gear reducer is provided with a screw thread that fixes the carrier 306 and the hub 110 together.

Example 1 is a structure of a two-tire parallel wheel, and a rim 115 is divided into two rims of an inner rim 104 and an outer rim 102, and the spoke installation planes of the two rims are symmetrical with respect to the axial far and near sides of an axial surface A in a power wheel assembly.

In embodiment 1, a dependent suspension is used, which is a conventional suspension type of a two-tire mounted wheel, and the end of the wheel support shaft 107 having a larger outer diameter is fixed to the axle via the mounting adapter plate 106. It should be understood that, to adopting the utility model discloses electric wheel's transaxle, because wheel back shaft 107 and installation switching dish 106 shape are all comparatively regular, and are close the interior planes of inboard tire 103, this has just left great space for the connection of axle for wheel back shaft 107 and installation switching dish 106 can be connected with the axle more conveniently, and the axle structure can be close with traditional axle, can be compatible with all kinds of different suspension forms. Because than traditional transaxle, the utility model discloses an each wheel can independent drive, and wheel hub motor, planetary gear reducer and the stopper of each wheel are all arranged in the rim, also consequently adopt the utility model discloses a need not arrange parts such as main reducer, differential mechanism, semi-axis and transfer case on the transaxle, the quality of axle itself also reduces by a wide margin to be favorable to reducing the quality of transaxle by a wide margin, reduce the unsprung mass of commercial car, promote the lightweight level of whole car.

The wheel support shaft 107 shown in fig. 1 is a stepped shaft, one end of which has a smaller outer diameter is disposed in the wheel distal end direction and passes through the wheel hub 110, and a pair of hub bearings 109 are provided between the wheel support shaft 107 and the wheel hub 110; further, a hub round nut and a locking pin 111 are arranged on the end face of the first step at the far end of the wheel support shaft 107, so that the hub bearing 109 at the outer side is positioned and fixed, and the axial movement of the hub bearing 109 is prevented.

In embodiment 1, the inner ring and the outer ring of the hub bearing 109 are respectively connected with the support shaft 107 and the inner side of the hub 110, and the hub bearing symmetry plane B arranged between the two hub bearings is close to or overlapped with the shaft plane a in the electric wheel assembly, so that the supporting mode of the electric wheel assembly is close to the most reasonable full floating type in the force bearing state. It will be readily appreciated that the hub bearing 109 may also be implemented as a tapered roller bearing; the type of the bearing required can be selected according to actual conditions in the actual use process.

The spokes 105 shown in fig. 1 and 2 are a planar ring or a ring with an outer edge protruding proximally, the hub 110 passes through the center of the spokes 105, the hub motor and the planetary gear reducer are disposed in the proximal space defined by the inner rim 104 and the spokes 105, and the brake is disposed in the distal space defined by the outer rim 102 and the spokes 105;

in example 1, the spoke 105 is an outer rim-proximally projecting annular ring, which is configured as shown in fig. 2, such that the spoke 105 is divided into an outer rim plane 1051, an offset bevel 1052 and an inner rim plane 1053 from outside to inside, and the offset bevel 1052 and the inner rim plane 1053 provide a frustoconical protrusion from the inside to the distal end of the spoke 105; the existence of the convex part leads to the space at the far and near ends separated by the spoke 105, and the space at the near end has larger space for arranging structures such as a hub motor, a planetary gear reducer and the like; moreover, when the spoke 105 is a ring with an outer edge protruding towards the near end, the offset distance between the outer edge plane 1051 and the inner edge plane 1053 of the spoke 105 can be properly adjusted according to the actual situation, so as to ensure that the distance between the axial plane a and the hub bearing symmetric plane B in the electric wheel assembly does not exceed 20% of the axial length of the electric wheel assembly (the distance between the outer end face of the outer side tire and the inner end face of the inner side tire), namely the offset distance of the hub bearing symmetric plane B relative to the axial plane a in the electric wheel assembly does not exceed 0.2L, wherein L is the axial length of the electric wheel assembly, and the axial plane a in the electric wheel assembly passes through the midpoint of the axial length of the electric wheel assembly; this ensures that the proximal end of the in-wheel motor does not exceed or only slightly exceed the proximal plane of the inboard rim 104, while the distal most end of the brake does not exceed the distal plane of the outboard rim 102, while ensuring a reasonable bearing support location. It should be noted that under certain design requirements, the proximal and distal directions of the hub bearing symmetry plane B relative to the axial plane a of the power wheel assembly may be different from that shown in fig. 1, such as being located in the proximal direction of the axial plane a of the power wheel assembly, i.e., the spoke 105 is an annular ring with an outer edge projecting distally.

In example 1, a double-rim structure is adopted, the spokes 105 are mounted together with the spoke mounting planes of the outer rim 102 and the inner rim 104 by bolts, the outer tire 101 is mounted on the outer rim 102, the inner tire 103 is mounted on the inner rim 104, and the two rims of the outer rim 102 and the inner rim 104 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axial plane a in the electric wheel assembly, and a standard rim of a common double-tire mounted wheel can be adopted.

In embodiment 1, the spokes 105 are of a hollow disc-like structure, and the mounting holes connected to the outer rim 102 and the inner rim 104 are arranged on the outer peripheral plane 1051 thereof, and the mounting holes connected to the hub 110 are uniformly arranged on the inner peripheral plane 1053 thereof.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hub 110 is formed by integrally and fixedly connecting a cylinder 1103, a brake disc mounting flange 1102 arranged on the outer side of the far end of the cylinder, a reducer mounting flange 1101 arranged on the outer side of the middle of the cylinder, and a bearing positioning step 1104 arranged on the inner side of the middle of the cylinder, wherein the reducer mounting flange 1101 is provided with an opening for a planet wheel pin 307 to pass through, the planet wheel pin 307 clamps the reducer mounting flange 1101 and the planet carrier 306 through a screw thread at the far end and a boss surface thereon, the reducer mounting flange 1101 is further connected with the spoke 105 through a bolt, the brake disc 1102 is bolted with the inner side of the brake disc 406, and the bearing positioning step 1104 is used.

The brakes used may be hydraulic, pneumatic hydraulic, or other types of disc brakes with different operating modes, and in example 1, a hydraulically operated disc brake is used.

The hydraulically operated disc brake as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4 comprises: the brake caliper comprises a brake caliper support 401, a brake caliper 407, a brake disc 406, a friction plate 411 and a brake actuating mechanism, wherein the brake caliper support 401 is installed outside the far end surface of a wheel supporting shaft 107 through bolts, a plurality of guide pin grooves along the axial direction of a wheel are formed in the brake caliper support 401, the brake caliper 407 is installed on the brake caliper support 401 through guide pins 403 inserted into the guide pin grooves, a rubber bushing 402 is sleeved at one end of each guide pin 403 inserted into the guide pin groove, and a dustproof sleeve 405 is sleeved on the periphery of each guide pin. It will be appreciated that in this embodiment the brake caliper 407 is axially movable along the guide pin axis relative to the caliper support 401 so that the brake is a floating caliper disc brake. Of course, the type of brake is not limited to the floating caliper type, but a fixed caliper type may be used in practical applications, and in the fixed caliper type embodiment, the brake caliper 407 is directly attached to the brake caliper bracket 401.

The brake disk 406 is mounted to a brake disk mounting flange of the hub 110 and the brake caliper 407 has a brake pad 411 mounted thereto.

It should be understood that, due to the installation of the brake in the distal space, the following two effects are achieved on the basis of ensuring that the hub bearing symmetry plane B is located near the axial middle part; on one hand, the rim space in the wheel is reasonably utilized, the space in the inner wheel is saved, the axial length of the hub motor arranged on the inner wheel can be longer, and the output torque level of the electric wheel is favorably improved; on the other hand, the arrangement ensures that the brake has good ventilation performance and is convenient to disassemble, assemble and maintain, and the reliability and maintainability of the system are improved.

In the disc brake adopting hydraulic operation, the brake actuating mechanism comprises a piston 408, a brake piston return spring 409, a brake tappet 410 and the like, the piston 408 is positioned in a hydraulic cavity reserved in a brake caliper 407, the brake tappet 410 is arranged on one side of the brake piston 408 close to a brake disc 406, the brake piston return spring 409 is arranged between the brake tappet 410 and the brake piston 408, and in addition, a hydraulic pipeline 404 is arranged to be connected with an opening of the hydraulic cavity to provide brake fluid for the brake; whether hydraulic or pneumatic actuation is employed, hydraulic line 404 or pneumatic line 412 passes through an opening in caliper bracket 401 and the center of wheel support shaft 107.

When the hydraulic brake is operated, the brake fluid pressure in the hydraulic line 404 rises to push the piston 408 to move to the right, and further the friction plate 411 on the outer side of the brake disk 406 is pressed against the brake disk 406, and since the brake disk is fixed, the reaction force from the brake disk pushes the floating caliper 407 to move to the left, the gap between the brake disk 406 and the friction plate 411 on both sides is eliminated, and friction force is generated on both sides and transmitted to the hub 110 and the rims 102 and 104 through the brake disk 406 to brake the electric wheel. When the braking force needs to be cancelled, the brake fluid pressure in the hydraulic pipeline 404 is reduced, the brake piston 408 moves towards the left side under the action of the brake return spring 409, the friction plate 411 releases the brake disc 406, and the braking force is cancelled.

It should be appreciated that the present embodiment employs a disc brake having better thermal and wading stability than the drum brake solution, the brake may be hydraulically or pneumatically actuated, different actuation mechanism forms or brake mounting configurations may be employed, and the brake configuration need not be substantially modified relative to conventional disc brakes.

As shown in fig. 3, which is a front view of the axial distal end of the electric wheel in embodiment 1, in the present invention, since the space inside the outer rim is sufficient, the number of the brakes and the arrangement angle in the circumferential direction can be flexibly selected according to the requirements of the vehicle. A specific example is a case where two brake calipers 407 are disposed on the front and rear sides of the wheel, respectively, as shown in fig. 4.

In this embodiment, the in-wheel motor is inner rotor motor, and the in-wheel motor includes: the motor comprises a motor shell, a stator 207, a winding 208, a rotor 209, a rotor support 210, a rotary transformer 211, a motor bearing 212 and a rotor shaft 213, wherein the motor shell comprises a stator shell 202, an inner end cover 205 and an outer end cover 201, wherein the inner end cover 205 and the outer end cover 201 are bolted to the outside of two end faces, namely the proximal end and the distal end, of the stator shell 202, and the inner end cover 205 is bolted to the mounting adapter plate 106; the stator 207 is sleeved in the inner ring surface of the stator housing 202, the winding 208 is wound in the tooth slot of the stator 207, the rotor 209 is positioned inside the stator 207, and an air gap is formed between the rotor 209 and the stator 207; the rotor 209 is fixed on the rotor support 210, the rotor support 210 is a wheel-shaped structure, the rim of the rotor support 210 is sleeved in the rotor 209 for mounting the rotor 209, and the hub part of the rotor support 210 is sleeved on the rotor shaft 213;

the stator housing 202 is a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of threaded holes for mounting the inner end cover 205 and the outer end cover 201 are formed in two end faces of the stator housing 202; by means of these threaded holes, the proximal end side of the stator housing 202 is bolted to the inner end cap 205, the distal end side of the stator housing 202 is bolted to both the outer end cap 201 and the ring gear carrier 305 of the planetary gear reducer; because the hub motor and the planetary gear reducer are both mounted on the mounting adapter plate 106 or the steering knuckle 113 through the inner end cover 205, and the motor housing of the hub motor and the ring gear rack 305 of the planetary gear reducer are both separated from the wheel support shaft 107, so that the motor housings only bear respective gravity and transmit torque at the ring gear 304 without bearing the load of the wheel, thereby being beneficial to reducing the deformation of the hub motor under the changed wheel load, reducing the influence on torque output, and being beneficial to the light weight of the motor housing and the ring gear rack 305, thereby being beneficial to the light weight of the whole electric wheel assembly; a motor oil seal 214 and a motor oil seal cover 215 are also arranged on the motor bearing 212 in the direction away from the motor body. On the side where resolver 211 is installed, oil seals may be disposed according to the choice of resolver 211, and if resolver 211 may not be oil-immersed, corresponding motor oil seals should be disposed between motor bearing 212 and resolver 211 on the inner side, i.e., resolver 211 is disposed at the proximal end of the oil seal at the axial proximal end.

In this embodiment, the rim structure of the rotor support 210 has a boss structure at the inner end to provide a location for the rotor 209 and a circlip groove at the outer end to mount the circlip to fix the rotor 209. The rotor shaft 213 is a hollow stepped shaft, the sun gear 301 is provided on the distal end side of the rotor shaft 213, and the rotor of the resolver 211 is mounted on the proximal end side of the rotor shaft 213. At the opening of the inner end cap 205 where the stator of the resolver 211 is arranged opposite to its rotor; it should be appreciated that since the rotor 209 is of a hollow cylindrical configuration and is connected to the hollow rotor shaft 213 by the rotor support 210 of a wheel-like configuration, the wheel support shaft 107 can pass through the hollow rotor shaft 213 to effect the transfer of wheel loads.

In the present embodiment, the motor bearing 212 is two bearings, and is respectively disposed between the rotor shaft 213 and the inner end cap 205, and between the rotor shaft 213 and the outer end cap 201, it is easy to understand that the motor bearing 212 may be a deep groove ball bearing, and the kind of the motor bearing 212 may also be changed according to actual situations in the actual use process.

In this embodiment, the stator housing 202 and the inner end cap 205 are provided with openings, which allow the three-phase wires and the low-voltage signal wires of the in-wheel motor, including but not limited to the low-voltage signal wires of the rotary transformer, the motor temperature sensor, and other sensors, to extend out from the corresponding outlets of the inner end cap.

In the present embodiment, the sun gear 301 provided on the distal end side of the rotor shaft 213 may be integrally formed with the rotor shaft 213, or may be attached to the end of the rotor shaft 213 by a connection means such as interference, spline, or fastener.

As shown in fig. 5, the cooling mode of the hub motor is oil injection cooling, a cooling oil duct is formed on an inner end cover 205, a plurality of oil injection holes 206 which are close to the near side and the far side 208 and are communicated with the inner wall of a stator shell 202 are formed in the cooling oil duct 203 and correspond to the motor winding positions, each oil injection hole 206 is positioned above the axis of the motor, cooling oil enters the stator shell 202 through a cooling liquid inlet 204 positioned on the near end face of the stator shell 202, the cooling oil is distributed at the oil injection holes 206 through the cooling oil duct 203 and is sprayed to the motor winding 208 and a lubricating motor bearing 212, oil return holes 216 are formed in the radial outer side of the hub motor and at the far and near ends of the bottom of the stator shell, and the returned cooling oil flows to a cooling liquid outlet 217 of the inner rotor hub motor through the oil return holes 216 and an internal flow passage positioned;

the hub motor can also adopt a water-cooling mode; when the in-wheel motor adopts a water-cooling mode, structures such as an oil injection hole 206 and an oil return hole 216 in the stator shell 202 need to be removed, the motor bearing 212 is selected as a grease-lubricated bearing, at this time, the cooling liquid inlet 204 and the cooling liquid outlet 217 serve as an inlet and an outlet of cooling water, and the circulation of the cooling water is realized by using other oil passages in the stator shell 202, and it is easy to understand that when the water-cooling mode is adopted, the stator shell 202 is equivalent to a water jacket of the inner rotor in-wheel motor.

A planetary gear reducer as shown in fig. 1 and 10 is arranged between the spokes 105 and the hub motor, mounted to the stator housing 202 together with the outer end cover 201, and includes: the structure comprises a sun gear 301, a planet gear 302, a planet gear bearing 303, a gear ring 304, a gear ring carrier 305, a planet carrier 306, a planet gear pin 307, a speed reducer oil seal 308, a gear ring end cover 309 and the like, wherein the sun gear 301 is a gear structure at one end of a rotor shaft 213, is a power input end of a planet gear speed reducer and is meshed with the planet gear 302; the number of the planet gears 302 is multiple, and each planet gear 302 is meshed with the sun gear 301 and the ring gear 304 simultaneously. Each planet wheel 302 is supported on a planet carrier 306 by a planet wheel pin 307, with a planet wheel bearing 303 being provided between the planet wheel 302 and the planet wheel pin 307. The distal end of the planet pin 307 passes through the mounting hole of the planet carrier 306 and the opening of the inner edge plane of the spoke 105, and the planet pin 307 is fixed with the planet carrier 306 through the distal end thread and the proximal elastic collar. The planet carrier 306 is the power output end of the planetary gear reducer; the gear ring 304 is sleeved in the gear ring frame 305, the gear ring frame 305 is of a stepped sleeve structure, the end with the larger diameter is connected with the hub motor, and the end with the smaller diameter is fixed on the gear ring end cover 309. In addition, reinforcing ribs are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the ring gear carrier 305; a retarder oil seal 308 is arranged between the ring gear carrier 305 and the planet carrier 306 to effect sealing of the planetary gear retarder. A hub cap and seal 112 is disposed at an outboard end of hub 110. And a support shaft oil seal 108 is provided between the wheel support shaft 107 and the rotor shaft 213. It will be appreciated that the hub end cap and seal 112, the retarder oil seal 308 and the support shaft oil seal 108 together provide a rotational seal between the hub and wheel support shaft space, and the retarder space.

The specific mounting manner for fixing the planet pin 307 and the planet carrier 306 is as follows: the distal side of the planet pin 307 is provided with planet carrier mounting threads and a boss surface that mate with mounting holes in the planet carrier 306, and nuts and boss surfaces are used to clamp the reducer mounting flange 1101 to the planet carrier to secure the planet carrier 306 to the hub 110. A snap spring groove for installing an elastic check ring is formed in the near end of the planet wheel pin 307, and the planet wheel pin 307 is fixed with the near end of the planet carrier 306 through the elastic check ring; the mounting structure of the proximal end of the planet pin 307 may also be adjusted according to the specific design, such as by bolting through a mounting shroud.

In this embodiment, each of the planet gears 302 is a stepped tower gear structure, and includes: a primary gear meshing with the sun gear 301, and a secondary gear provided coaxially with the primary gear and meshing with the ring gear 304, the number of teeth of the secondary gear being smaller than that of the primary gear. The listening staff adopts the hierarchical tower type planetary gear with a variable structure, the transmission ratio from the sun gear 301 to the planet carrier 306 can be effectively improved, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:

wherein, as shown in fig. 1 and 10, the number of teeth of the sun gear 301 is z₁The number of teeth of the primary gear of the planetary gear 302 is z₂The number of teeth of the secondary gear of the planetary gear 302 is z₃The number of teeth of the ring gear 304 is z₄。

In conclusion, the planetary gear adopting the grading tower gear form can obtain the effect similar to a two-stage planetary gear reducer, on one hand, the transmission ratio of the single-stage planetary gear reducer is improved, the output torque of the electric wheel assembly is ensured, and the axle output torque of the electric wheel assembly is improved compared with that of the traditional traction axle; on the other hand, under the condition that the transmission ratio is ensured to be large enough, the axial size of the planetary gear reducer is effectively reduced, the sum of the axial lengths of the hub motor and the planetary gear reducer is not too long, the hub motor and the planetary gear reducer can be arranged in the space defined by the spoke 105 and the inner rim 104, the integral position of a hub bearing is not too close to the outer side of the tire, the supporting center of the hub bearing is close to the wheel center in the axial position, and the supporting mode of the electric wheel assembly is close to the fully-floating type with the most reasonable force bearing state.

In the present embodiment, the wheel and support shaft assembly and the planetary gear reducer, which include the outer tire 101, the outer rim 102, the inner tire 103, the inner rim 104, the spokes 105, the mounting adapter 106, the wheel support shaft 107, the support shaft oil seal 108, the hub bearing 109, the hub 110, the hub bearing round nut and locking pin 111, and the hub cap and seal 112, are sealed together using a common lubrication system, and the in-wheel motor has an independent water-cooling or oil-cooling system. In addition, an integrated cooling and lubricating mode can be adopted, namely, the wheel and support shaft assembly, the hub motor and the planetary gear reducer are integrally cooled and lubricated; when the cooling and lubricating mode of integrated cooling and lubricating is adopted, an opening is formed in the outer end cover 201 of the in-wheel motor, so that cooling oil can enter the planetary gear reducer, enter the inner space of the wheel hub 110 between the planetary gear 302 and the wheel hub bearing 109 positioned on the inner side, then flow back to the bottoms of the planetary gear reducer and the in-wheel motor, and flow out through a cooling liquid outlet in the bottom of the in-wheel motor. For preventing the abrasive dust generated by the planetary gear reducer from entering the interior of the hub motor to influence the work of the hub motor, a filter screen and an adsorption permanent magnet are arranged near the opening of the outer end cover 201 to filter and adsorb the metal abrasive dust. And in the cooling and lubricating mode of integrated cooling and lubricating, a cooling liquid heat dissipation system and a filtering device of the integrated cooling and lubricating system can be further arranged on the vehicle body.

The working flow of this embodiment is:

when the vehicle is driven, the motor controller controls the hub motor to generate torque to drive the rotor 209 to rotate, the rotor 209 outputs the torque through the rotor support 210 and the rotor shaft 213, power is input into the planetary gear reducer through the sun gear 301 at the end part of the rotor shaft 213, the power is output through the planet carrier 306 through the speed reduction and torque increase of the planetary gear reducer and is transmitted to the hub 110 connected with the planet carrier 306, and therefore the power is transmitted to the spoke 105, the inner rim 104 and the outer rim 102 to drive the wheel to rotate.

When the vehicle brakes, an electromechanical hybrid braking mode is adopted, and braking force acting on wheels is provided by a brake and/or an in-wheel motor, wherein the brake generates mechanical braking force, and the in-wheel motor generates electric braking force.

In some embodiments, the braking force of the vehicle during high-speed running can be mainly provided by the hub motor, while the braking force during low-speed running or emergency braking is provided by the hub motor and the brake together or only by the brake, the distribution relation between the mechanical braking and the electric braking is determined by a specific coordination control strategy, and the braking energy recovery is realized on the premise of ensuring the safety according to a certain electromechanical hybrid braking control algorithm. The method can be specifically divided into the following steps:

1. when the vehicle running speed is higher than a certain vehicle speed and the brake pedal action input by the driver meets a certain condition, the hub motor generates electric brake torque, the electric brake torque is output through the rotor shaft 213, and the electric brake torque is acted on the spoke 105, the inner rim 104 and the outer rim 102 through the planetary gear reducer and the hub 110 to play a braking role.

2. When the running speed of the vehicle is lower than a certain vehicle speed and the action of the brake pedal meets a certain condition, the brake and the hub motor are both operated, the actuating mechanism of the brake is operated by air pressure or hydraulic pressure, so that friction braking force is generated between the friction plate 411 and the brake disc 406, the friction braking force passes through the brake disc 406, and the hub 110 is transmitted to the spoke 105, the inner rim 104 and the outer rim 102 and is superposed with the electric braking force to play a role in braking.

3. When the vehicle speed is lower than a certain vehicle speed or the action of the brake pedal meets a certain condition, the electric braking force is cancelled, and the vehicle is braked by only generating the braking force by the brake. In addition, when the brake pedal action meets a certain condition of emergency braking, the brake can be controlled to generate mechanical braking force under the condition of high vehicle speed.

As example 2 shown in fig. 6, the structure of a two-tire and two-wheeled vehicle, the parts not described are the same as example 1.

In example 2, the spoke 105 is also a ring with an outer edge protruding to the proximal end, and the offset distance between the outer edge plane and the inner edge plane of the spoke 105 can be adjusted as required, so that the distance between the axial plane a and the hub bearing symmetry plane B in the electric wheel assembly is within 20% of the axial length of the electric wheel assembly;

in the embodiment 2, the air pressure operated disc brake is adopted, in the air pressure operated disc brake, the actuating mechanism of the brake can be in various forms, fig. 6 shows an actuating mechanism consisting of a common clamping diaphragm type brake air chamber and an operating force amplifying mechanism, and comprises a brake air chamber 413, a brake air chamber ejector rod 414, a brake air chamber return spring 415, a brake rocker arm 416, a brake needle bearing 417, a brake piston 408, a brake piston return spring 409, a brake tappet 410 and the like, wherein the brake rocker arm 416, the brake piston 408, the brake piston return spring 409 and the brake tappet 410 are positioned in an internal cavity of a brake caliper 407, a brake air chamber 413 is arranged outside the brake caliper 407, a diaphragm is arranged in the brake air chamber 413, the brake air chamber ejector rod 414 is arranged on one side of the proximal end of the diaphragm and is opposite to one end of the brake rocker arm 416 far away from a rocker arm shaft, the brake chamber return spring 415 is arranged on the outer side of the brake chamber mandril 414, two ends of the brake chamber return spring are respectively contacted with the diaphragm and the brake chamber shell, and the air pressure pipeline 412 is communicated with the brake chamber 413.

When the air pressure is used for operating the brake for braking, the air pressure in the air pressure pipeline 412 rises to push the diaphragm of the brake chamber 413 to move towards the brake caliper 407, the brake chamber ejector rod 414 is in contact with the brake chamber rocker arm 416 and pushes the brake rocker arm 416 to rotate, one end of the brake rocker arm 416, which is far away from the brake chamber 413, is of an eccentric wheel structure, a needle bearing is arranged between the eccentric wheel structure and the inner wall of the brake caliper 407, the eccentric wheel structure enables the brake rocker arm 416 to play a lever role of increasing pushing force to push the brake piston 408 to move towards the right side so as to push the brake tappet 410 to press the friction plate 411 on the outer side of the brake disc 406, because the brake disc is fixed, the counter force from the brake disc pushes the floating caliper 407 to move towards the left, the gap between the brake disc 406 and the friction plates 411 on the two, and braking the electric wheels. When the braking force needs to be cancelled, the air pressure in the air pressure pipeline 412 is reduced, the brake piston 408 moves towards the left side under the action of the brake return spring 409, the friction plate 411 releases the brake disc 406, and the braking force is cancelled. Of course, the boosting form of the pneumatic brake actuating mechanism is not limited to the above one, and the common structures such as gear transmission, chain transmission and the like can be selected according to actual conditions in the actual use process.

It should be noted that the operation mode of the brake is not limited to pure hydraulic operation and pure pneumatic operation, for example, a gas-liquid composite operation mode such as gas-cap liquid may also be adopted, high-pressure gas is introduced into the brake caliper 407 through the pneumatic pipeline 412, a gas-cap liquid operation mechanism is provided in the brake caliper 407, and the operation of the brake is realized, and the specific operation mechanism is similar to a general gas-cap liquid brake.

As example 3 shown in fig. 7, the structure of a two-tire and two-wheeled vehicle, the parts not described are the same as example 1.

In embodiment 3 in which the independent suspension is employed, the wheel support shaft 107 is provided at the proximal end with a fifth step for bolting the distal end of the knuckle 113, and the proximal end face of the inner end cap 205 is also bolted to the knuckle 113.

In embodiment 3 using the independent suspension, the knuckle 113 is provided with an opening and a structure for fixing a cable at a corresponding position.

In embodiment 3, the wheel and support shaft assembly comprises an outer tire 101, an outer rim 102, an inner tire 103, an inner rim 104, a wheel disc 105, a wheel support shaft 107, a support shaft oil seal 108, a hub bearing 109, a hub 110, a hub bearing round nut and locking pin 111, a hub cap and seal 112, and a knuckle 113.

As example 4 shown in fig. 8, the structure of a two-tire and two-wheeled vehicle, the parts not described are the same as those of example 1.

In embodiment 4 in which the independent suspension is employed, the wheel support shaft 107 is provided at the proximal end with a fifth step for bolting the distal end of the knuckle 113, and the proximal end face of the inner end cap 205 is also bolted to the knuckle 113.

In embodiment 4 using the independent suspension, the knuckle 113 is provided with an opening and a structure for fixing a cable at a corresponding position.

In embodiment 4, the wheel and support shaft assembly comprises an outer tire 101, an outer rim 102, an inner tire 103, an inner rim 104, a wheel disc 105, a wheel support shaft 107, a support shaft oil seal 108, a hub bearing 109, a hub 110, a hub bearing round nut and locking pin 111, a hub cap and seal 112, and a knuckle 113.

In the embodiment 4, an air pressure operated disc brake is adopted, and in the air pressure operated disc brake, the actuating mechanism of the brake can be in various forms, and comprises a brake air chamber 413, a brake air chamber mandril 414, a brake air chamber return spring 415, a brake rocker arm 416, a brake needle bearing 417, a brake piston 408, a brake piston return spring 409, a brake tappet 410 and the like, wherein the brake rocker arm 416, the brake piston 408, the brake piston return spring 409 and the brake tappet 410 are positioned in an inner cavity of a brake caliper 407, and the inner cavity of the brake air chamber 413 is connected with a ventilation pressure pipeline 412 to supply air to the brake air chamber 413.

When the pneumatic brake is used for braking, the brake chamber 413 pushes the brake chamber ejector rod 414 to move, so that the brake rocker arm 416 rotates, one end of the brake chamber 413, which is far away from the brake chamber 413, is of an eccentric wheel structure, a needle roller bearing is arranged between the eccentric wheel structure and the inner wall of the brake caliper 407, the eccentric wheel structure enables the brake rocker arm 416 to play a lever role of increasing pushing force, the brake piston 408 is pushed to move towards the right side, so that the brake tappet 410 is pushed to press the friction plate 411 on the outer side of the brake disc 406, because the brake disc is fixed, the counter force from the brake disc pushes the floating caliper 407 to move towards the left, gaps between the brake disc 406 and the friction plates 411 on the two sides are eliminated, friction force is generated on the two sides, and the friction force is. When the braking force needs to be cancelled, the air pressure in the air pressure pipeline 412 is reduced, the brake piston 408 moves towards the left side under the action of the brake return spring 409, the friction plate 411 releases the brake disc 406, and the braking force is cancelled. Of course, the boosting form of the pneumatic brake actuating mechanism is not limited to the above one, and the common structures such as gear transmission, chain transmission and the like can be selected according to actual conditions in the actual use process.

It should be noted that the structure of this patent is not limited to a two-tire and one-tire wheel, and can be applied to a one-tire wheel, and embodiment 5 shown in fig. 9 is a structure of a one-tire wheel, and the undescribed portion thereof is the same as embodiment 1.

In example 5, only one wide tire 114 is used for each wheel, a double tire is not adopted, and a wheel is assembled, the used wheel rim 115 is a split wheel rim, two axially proximal and distal halves of which are an inner side 1151 and an outer side 1152 respectively, and the inner side 1151 and the outer side 1152 of the wheel rim have the similar functions as the inner wheel rim 102 and the outer wheel rim 104; the spoke mounting planes of the inner and outer portions 1151 and 1152 are bolted to the spokes 105; the hub motor, planetary gear reducer, is disposed in the proximal space defined by the spokes 105 of the inner side 1151, and the disc brake is disposed in the distal space defined by the outer side 1152 and the spokes 105.

In this embodiment, in addition to ensuring proper spacing between axial plane a and hub bearing plane B in the motorized wheel assembly by adjusting the offset distance between the inner and outer rim planes of the spokes, it can also be accomplished by adjusting the axial lengths of the inner and outer portions 1151 and 1152 of the rim, which in fig. 5, inner and outer portions 1151 and 1152 of the rim are symmetric about axial plane a in the motorized wheel assembly; the offset distance of the hub bearing symmetry plane B also does not exceed 0.2L, where L is the axial length of the motorized wheel assembly, which is the distance between the outer end surface of tire 114 and the inner end surface of tire 114.

In the application of example 5 to commercial vehicles, the tire 114 is typically a wide body tire to meet the load carrying capacity requirements of the vehicle, achieving a load carrying capacity similar to that of a typical two-tire, parallel-mounted wheel.

In embodiment 5, a solution of a hydraulically operated disc brake is adopted, and a structure of a non-independent suspension is adopted; it is to be understood that embodiment 5 may also employ a pneumatically operated disc brake, the structure of which is the same as embodiment 2; meanwhile, in embodiment 5, an independent suspension may be used, and the suspension of the vehicle is connected by a knuckle, and the structure is the same as that of embodiments 3 and 4, and it is also necessary to provide a fifth step 1071 in the wheel support shaft 107.

In embodiment 5, the wheel and support shaft assembly comprises a wheel disc 105, a mounting adapter 106, a wheel support shaft 107, a support shaft oil seal 108, a hub bearing 109, a hub 110, a hub bearing round nut and locking pin 111, a hub end cap and seal 112, a wide tire 114 and a rim 115.

Claims (12)

1. A heavy-duty electric wheel, comprising: a wheel support shaft (107), a spoke (105), a rim, a hub motor, a planetary gear reducer and a brake; the brake, the planetary gear reducer and the hub motor are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the wheel support shaft (107) from far to near, the outer side of the hub (110) is connected with a spoke mounting plane of a rim through a spoke (105), and the hub (110) is mounted on the outer side of the wheel support shaft (107) through a pair of hub bearings (109); a brake caliper bracket (401) in the brake is installed outside the distal end face of a wheel supporting shaft (107) through bolts, and a brake disc (406) is installed on a brake disc installing flange of a wheel hub (110); the hub part of the hub motor rotor support (210) is sleeved on the rotor shaft (213); a sun gear (301) in the planetary gear reducer is disposed outside the distal end side of a rotor shaft (213).

2. A heavy duty electric wheel according to claim 1 wherein the hub bearing symmetry plane (B) of said pair of hub bearings (109) is offset from the axial plane (a) of the electric wheel assembly by a distance of no more than 0.2L, where L is the axial length of the electric wheel assembly.

3. A heavy duty electric wheel according to claim 1 wherein said wheel support axle (107) is secured to the axle by a mounting adapter (106).

4. A heavy duty electric wheel according to claim 1 wherein the wheel support shaft (107) is bolted to the knuckle (113) and the proximal end face of the inner end cap (205) of the motor housing in the in-wheel motor is also bolted to the knuckle (113).

5. A heavy duty electric wheel according to claim 1 wherein said rim (115) is divided into two rims, an inboard rim (104) and an outboard rim (102), the spoke attachment planes of the two rims being symmetrically located on both sides of the axial plane (a) of the electric wheel assembly.

6. A heavy-duty motorized wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the rim (115) is a split rim having axially proximal and distal lobes, respectively, an inner portion (1151) and an outer portion (1152), the spoke attachment planes of the inner portion (1151) and the outer portion (1152) being axially proximal and distal bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the axial plane (a) of the motorized wheel assembly.

7. The heavy-duty electric wheel according to claim 1, wherein said brake is an air-operated disc brake comprising: the brake caliper comprises a brake caliper support (401), a brake caliper (407), a brake disc (406), friction plates (411) and a brake actuating mechanism, wherein the brake caliper support (401) is installed outside the far end surface of a wheel supporting shaft (107) through bolts, a plurality of guide pin grooves along the axial direction of a wheel are formed in the brake caliper support (401), the brake caliper (407) is installed on the brake caliper support (401) through guide pins (403) inserted into the guide pin grooves, one end, inserted into the guide pin grooves, of each guide pin (403) is sleeved with a rubber bushing (402), and the periphery of each guide pin is sleeved with a dustproof sleeve (405);

the actuating mechanism comprises a brake chamber (413), a brake chamber ejector rod (414), a brake chamber return spring (415), a brake rocker arm (416), a brake piston (408), a brake piston return spring (409) and a brake tappet (410), wherein the brake rocker arm (416), the brake piston (408), the brake piston return spring (409) and the brake tappet (410) are located in an interior cavity of the brake caliper (407), the brake chamber mandril (414) is arranged on the diaphragm in the brake chamber (413), the end part of one side of the brake chamber (407) is opposite to one end, far away from the rotating shaft, of the brake rocker arm (416), the brake chamber return spring (415) is arranged on the outer side of the brake chamber ejector rod (414), the brake chamber (413) is arranged outside the brake caliper (407), an internal cavity of the brake chamber (413) is connected with the ventilation and pressure pipeline (412), and the air pressure pipeline (412) supplies air to the brake chamber (413).

8. The heavy-duty electric wheel according to claim 1, wherein said brake is a hydraulically operated disc brake comprising: the brake caliper comprises a brake caliper support (401), a brake caliper (407), a brake disc (406), friction plates (411) and a brake actuating mechanism, wherein the brake caliper support (401) is installed outside the far end surface of a wheel supporting shaft (107) through bolts, a plurality of guide pin grooves along the axial direction of a wheel are formed in the brake caliper support (401), the brake caliper (407) is installed on the brake caliper support (401) through guide pins (403) inserted into the guide pin grooves, one end, inserted into the guide pin grooves, of each guide pin (403) is sleeved with a rubber bushing (402), and the periphery of each guide pin is sleeved with a dustproof sleeve (405);

the brake actuating mechanism comprises a piston (408), a brake piston return spring (409) and a brake tappet (410), the piston (408) is located in a hydraulic cavity reserved in the brake caliper (407), the brake tappet (410) is arranged on one side, close to the brake disc (406), of the brake piston (408), and the brake piston return spring (409) is arranged between the brake tappet (410) and the brake piston (408).

9. A heavy duty electric wheel according to claim 1 wherein the spokes (105) are a planar ring or a ring with an outer rim projecting proximally, the hub (110) passes through the center of the spokes (105), the hub motor, the planetary gear reducer and the brake are arranged in the spaces on both sides of the spokes (105).

10. The heavy-load electric wheel of claim 1, wherein the wheel hub (110) is formed by integrally and fixedly connecting a cylinder (1103), a brake disc mounting flange (1102) arranged on the outer side of the far end of the cylinder, a speed reducer mounting flange (1101) arranged on the outer side of the middle of the cylinder and a bearing positioning step (1104) arranged on the inner side of the middle of the cylinder, wherein an opening for a planetary wheel pin (307) to pass through is formed in the speed reducer mounting flange (1101), the planetary wheel pin (307) clamps the speed reducer mounting flange (1101) and the planet carrier (306) through a thread and a boss surface at the far end, the speed reducer mounting flange (1101) is further connected with a spoke (105) through a bolt, the brake disc mounting flange (1102) is bolted to the inner side of the brake disc (406), and the bearing positioning step (1104) is used for.

11. The heavy-duty electric wheel according to claim 1, wherein said hub motor is an internal rotor motor, and wherein said hub motor comprises: the motor comprises a motor shell, a stator (207), a winding (208), a rotor (209), a rotor support (210), a rotary transformer (211), a motor bearing (212) and a rotor shaft (213), wherein the motor shell comprises a stator shell (202), an inner end cover (205) and an outer end cover (201), the inner end cover (205) and the outer end cover (201) are bolted to the outside of the two end faces of the proximal end and the distal end of the stator shell (202), and the inner end cover (205) is bolted to a mounting adapter plate (106); the stator (207) is sleeved in the inner ring surface of the stator shell (202), the winding (208) is wound in the tooth slot of the stator (207), the rotor (209) is positioned on the inner side of the stator (207), and an air gap is formed between the rotor and the stator (207); the rotor (209) is fixed on a rotor support (210), the rotor support (210) is of a wheel-shaped structure, the rim of the rotor support (210) is internally sleeved on the rotor (209) for mounting the rotor (209), and the hub part of the rotor support (210) is externally sleeved on a rotor shaft (213); the stator shell (202) is of a cylindrical structure, the near end side of the stator shell (202) is bolted with the inner end cover (205), and the far end side of the stator shell (202) is simultaneously bolted with the outer end cover (201) and a ring gear rack (305) of the planetary gear reducer.

12. A heavy-duty electric wheel according to any one of claims 1, 9 or 11, wherein said planetary gear reducer comprises: the gear structure comprises a sun gear (301), a planet gear (302), a planet gear bearing (303), a gear ring (304), a gear ring frame (305), a planet carrier (306), a planet gear pin (307), a speed reducer oil seal (308) and a gear ring end cover (309), wherein the sun gear (301) is of a gear structure at one end of a rotor shaft (213), is a power input end of a planet gear speed reducer and is meshed with the planet gear (302); a plurality of planet wheels (302), wherein each planet wheel (302) is meshed with the sun wheel (301) and the gear ring (304) simultaneously; each planet wheel (302) is supported on the planet carrier (306) through a planet wheel pin (307), and a planet wheel bearing (303) is arranged between the planet wheel (302) and the planet wheel pin (307); the far end of a planet wheel pin (307) passes through a mounting hole of the planet carrier (306) and an opening of the inner edge plane of the spoke (105), and the planet wheel pin (307) is fixed with the planet carrier (306) through a screw thread at the far end and an elastic retainer ring at the near end; the planet carrier (306) is the power output end of the planetary gear reducer; the gear ring (304) is sleeved in the gear ring frame (305), the gear ring frame (305) is of a stepped sleeve structure, one end with the larger diameter is connected with the hub motor, and the other end with the smaller diameter is fixed on the gear ring end cover (309).

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