CN211857878U - Multifunctional experimental device - Google Patents
Multifunctional experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN211857878U CN211857878U CN201721769708.9U CN201721769708U CN211857878U CN 211857878 U CN211857878 U CN 211857878U CN 201721769708 U CN201721769708 U CN 201721769708U CN 211857878 U CN211857878 U CN 211857878U
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Abstract
The utility model is suitable for a material mechanics experiment field provides a multi-functional experimental apparatus, and this experimental apparatus includes: the supporting frame, the experiment roof beam, vertical removal subassembly, loading weight subassembly, and percentage table subassembly constitute, can accomplish four experiments of mechanics of materials through above-mentioned experimental apparatus, and the experimental experiment of theorem such as each other, the stack principle of hyperstatic experiment, the bending deformation experiment of roof beam, merit are solved to the power method promptly and are experimented, can practice thrift the teaching cost and save the shared space of experimental apparatus.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the experimental field of mechanics of materials, a multi-functional experimental apparatus is provided.
Background
The existing experimental content of the hyperstatic experiment of the mechanical force method of materials, the bending deformation experiment of the beam, the mutual equivocal theorem experiment of the work and the superposition principle experiment are all performed through independent experimental devices, four experimental devices need to be equipped for completing the four experiments, and the financial expenditure of a school is increased while a large amount of space of the school is occupied.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides a multi-functional experimental apparatus aims at providing a simple structure and multi-functional experimental apparatus, realizes the operation of the mutual theorem experiment, the stack principle experiment of force law solution hyperstatic test, the bending deformation experiment of roof beam, function on same experimental apparatus.
The utility model discloses a realize like this, a multi-functional experimental apparatus, the device includes:
the supporting frame consists of two parallel cross beams and two parallel longitudinal beams, and a first guide groove is formed in the cross beam at the top;
the experimental beam is arranged on the plane where the two cross beams are located, one end of the experimental beam is vertically fixed on the first longitudinal beam, the other end of the experimental beam is a free end, and a resistance strain gauge is attached to the top of the experimental beam;
a vertical movement assembly comprising: the vertical moving part is arranged at the bottom of the free end of the experiment beam, the connecting plate is arranged between the vertical moving part and the second longitudinal beam, one side of the connecting plate is in sliding connection with the vertical moving part, the force sensor is fixed at the top of the vertical moving part, the rotating hand wheel is arranged at the bottom of the vertical moving part, the other side of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the second longitudinal beam, a bottom plate is arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate along the extending direction of the vertical moving part, the bottom plate is in threaded connection with the rotating hand wheel, and marked lines and scales matched with the marked lines are respectively engraved in;
a weight-loading assembly comprising: the weight support plates are arranged in parallel to the longitudinal beam, when no weight is loaded, the bottom of each weight support plate is just in contact with the top of the experiment beam, the tops of the two weight support plates are respectively in sliding connection with the first guide groove in the top cross beam through the sliding block, and the weight support rods are in clearance fit with the center holes of the sliding blocks;
the percentage table subassembly, this percentage table fixed subassembly are located between experiment roof beam and the bottom crossbeam, include: the two dial indicators are arranged on the dial indicator supporting rod between the two dial indicators and the experiment beam, the second guide groove is arranged on the dial indicator supporting rod, the second guide groove and the dial indicator supporting rod are arranged in parallel to the cross beam, the two U-shaped guide sleeves are sleeved at the side end of the dial indicator supporting rod and are in sliding connection with the dial indicator supporting rod, the two measuring rods respectively penetrate through the two U-shaped guide sleeves and the second guide groove, the dial indicators are fixed at one ends of the two measuring rods, and the other ends of the two measuring rods are in contact with the bottom of the experiment beam.
Further, the weight loading assembly comprises: the bar-shaped groove is arranged on one side of the first guide groove, is parallel to the cross beam, penetrates through the bar-shaped groove, is fixedly connected with the two screw rods through the two sliding blocks, and is matched with the two screw nuts.
Further, the dial indicator assembly comprises: two screw thread through holes arranged on the two U-shaped guide sleeves and two screws matched with the two screw thread through holes.
Further, vertical moving member is the forked tail slider, and the lateral wall of connecting plate is equipped with the forked tail spout with forked tail slider matched with.
Four experiments of material mechanics can be completed through the experimental device, namely a force method solution hyperstatic experiment, a beam bending deformation experiment, a mutual theorem experiment of work and a superposition principle experiment, so that the teaching cost can be saved and the occupied space of experimental equipment can be saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic structural view of a vertical moving assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of a dial indicator assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a force method hyperstatic experiment process provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
11. The device comprises a top cross beam, 12, a first longitudinal beam, 13, a bottom cross beam, 14, a second longitudinal beam, 21, an experiment beam, 22, a resistance strain gauge, 31, a vertical moving piece, 32, a connecting plate, 33, a force sensor, 34, a rotary hand wheel, 35, a bottom plate, 41, a weight supporting rod, 42, a weight supporting plate, 43, a sliding block, 44, a first guide groove slide, 45, a strip-shaped groove, 51, a dial indicator, 52, a dial indicator supporting rod, 53, a second guide groove, 54, a U-shaped guide sleeve, 55, a measuring rod and 56 screws.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only portions related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown.
The device includes:
the supporting frame comprises two parallel cross beams and two parallel longitudinal beams, wherein the cross beams comprise a top cross beam 11 and a bottom cross beam 13, the longitudinal beams comprise a first longitudinal beam 12 and a second longitudinal beam 14, and a first guide groove 44 is arranged on the top cross beam 11;
the experimental beam 21 is arranged on the plane where the two cross beams are located, one end of the experimental beam 21 is vertically fixed to the first longitudinal beam 12, the other end of the experimental beam 21 is a free end, and the resistance strain gauge 21 is attached to the experimental beam 21;
a vertical movement assembly comprising: a vertical moving piece 31 arranged at the bottom of the free end of the experimental beam 21, and a connecting plate 32 arranged between the vertical moving piece 31 and the second longitudinal beam 14, wherein one side of the connecting plate 32 is connected with the vertical moving piece 31 in a sliding way, the top of the vertical moving piece 31 is fixed with a force sensor 33, the bottom is provided with a rotating hand wheel 34, the other side of the connecting plate 32 is fixedly connected with the second longitudinal beam 14, a bottom plate 35 is arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate 32 along the extending direction of the vertical moving piece, the bottom plate 35 is in threaded connection with the rotating hand wheel 34, the adjustment of the position of the vertical moving member 31 in the vertical direction can be achieved by rotating the hand wheel 34, marked lines and scales matched with the marked lines are respectively marked in the vertical planes of the vertical moving piece 31 and the connecting plate 32, when the marked line of the vertical moving member 31 is aligned with the zero scale mark on the connecting block 32, the force sensor 33 at the top of the vertical moving member 31 is in contact with the bottom of the experiment beam 21;
a weight-loading assembly comprising: the weight support plates 42 are arranged in parallel to the longitudinal beam, when no weight is loaded, the bottom of the weight support plate 42 is just in contact with the top of the experiment beam 21, the tops of the two weight support rods 41 are in sliding connection with a first guide groove 44 in the top cross beam 11 through a sliding block 43, and the weight support rods 41 are in clearance fit with the center holes of the sliding block;
the percentage table subassembly, this percentage table fixed subassembly are located between experiment roof beam 21 and bottom crossbeam 13, include: the two dial indicators 51 are arranged on the dial indicator support rod 52 between the two dial indicators 51 and the experiment beam 12, the second guide groove 53 is arranged on the dial indicator support rod 52, the second guide groove 53 and the dial indicator support rod 52 are arranged in parallel to the cross beam, the two U-shaped guide sleeves 54 are sleeved at the side ends of the dial indicator support rod 52 and are in sliding connection with the dial indicator support rod 52, the two measurement rods 55 respectively penetrate through the two U-shaped guide sleeves 54 and the second guide groove 53, the dial indicators 51 are fixed at one ends of the two measurement rods 55, and the other ends of the two measurement rods are in contact with the bottom of the experiment beam 21.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the weight loading assembly 4 further comprises: locate the bar groove 45 of a first guide slot 44 lateral wall, the parallel crossbeam setting in this bar groove 45, and pass two screw rods of this bar groove 45 and two slider 43 fixed connection, and with two screw rod assorted nuts, when sticising the nut on bar groove lateral wall, realize the fixed of weight bracing piece on experimental roof beam optional position.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, the percentage table subassembly still includes: two threaded through holes arranged on the two U-shaped guide sleeves 54 and two screws 56 matched with the two threaded through holes realize the fixation of the measuring rod at any detection position of the experimental beam by rotating the screws 56.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of a vertical moving assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and only shows a part related to the embodiment of the present invention;
in the implementation, the vertical moving piece adopts a dovetail slide block, the dovetail slide block is matched with a dovetail sliding groove arranged on a connecting side wall to realize the movement in the vertical direction, the bottom plate is fixedly connected with a connecting plate with scales through a countersunk screw, the connecting plate with the scales is fixedly connected with a U-shaped connecting component through the countersunk screw, the U-shaped connecting component is clamped on a second longitudinal beam, the dovetail slide block is placed in a dovetail groove of the connecting plate with the scales, the dovetail slide block is enabled to move up and down through rotating a rotating hand wheel, and force is transmitted to the free end of the experimental beam through a force sensor, or the structural conversion of the static beam and the hyperstatic beam is realized; when the dovetail slide block moves downwards to enable the upper end of the force sensor to be separated from the right end of the experimental beam, the force sensor is a static beam; when the dovetail-shaped sliding block moves upwards, the upper end of the force sensor is contacted with the right end of the experimental beam, and the experimental beam is a statically indeterminate beam.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic structural diagram of a dial indicator assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the portions related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown.
The mounting and fixing mode of the dial indicator is as shown in figure 3, a second guide groove is formed in the supporting rod of the dial indicator, the measuring rod of the dial indicator penetrates through the second guide groove and the guide sleeve and can move left and right in the second guide groove, and the dial indicator is fixed through a tightening screw on the tightening sleeve.
Four experiments of material mechanics can be completed through the experimental device, namely a force method solution hyperstatic experiment, a beam bending deformation experiment, a mutual theorem experiment of work and a superposition principle experiment, so that the teaching cost can be saved and the occupied space of experimental equipment can be saved.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, force method solves hyperstatic experiment and need accomplish four processes (a), (b), (C) and (d) as shown in fig. 4, and the basic thinking of force method solution hyperstatic structure is exactly to turn into equivalent statically determinate problem with the hyperstatic problem and solve, and the solution process is "unnecessary restraint" of removing support C department, retrains counter-force F in placeCThe basic system of the force method solution of the hyperstatic structure is obtained when the vertical displacement delta at the support CCyWhen 0, the basic system is the equivalent statics problem of the original hyperstatic problem.
The force method solution hyperstatic experiment method based on the multifunctional experiment device comprises the following steps:
s11, adjusting the position of the vertical moving member in the vertical direction by rotating the hand wheel, so that the marking line of the vertical moving member is aligned with the zero scale mark on the connecting block;
s12, fixing a weight support rod at any position, adding weights to the weight support rod in an equivalent amount step by step, and executing the following steps S13, S14 and S15 in sequence every time the weight is added;
s13, recording the reading N of the force sensor1n；
S14, the vertical moving piece moves downwards by rotating the hand wheel until the force sensor at the top end of the vertical moving piece is separated from the free end of the experiment beam, and the experiment beam becomes a statically determinate cantilever beam;
s15, moving the vertical moving member upwards by rotating the hand wheel, aligning the marked line moving upwards to the vertical moving member with the zero scale mark on the connecting plate, and recording the reading N of the force sensor at the moment2n；
S16, calculating the reading (N) of the force sensor under the same load1nAnd N2n) Relative error of (3), theoretically, the reading N of the force sensor under the same load1nIs equal to the reading N of the force sensor2n。
The beam bending deformation experimental method based on the multifunctional experimental device comprises the following steps:
s21, the vertical moving piece moves downwards by rotating the hand wheel and moves downwards to the bottom of the experiment beam after the force sensor is separated;
s22, fixing one of the weight support rods at the position 1, fixing the dial indicator at the position 2, adding weights to the weight support rods in an equivalent manner step by step, and recording the reading W of the dial indicator2n；
S23, measuring the distance between the fixed point of the weight support rod and the fixed point of the dial indicator and the first longitudinal beam;
s24, calculating the bending deformation W at the fixed position of the dial indicator based on the formula (1)nThe expression of formula (1) is as follows:
e is the elastic modulus of the experimental beam, a is the distance between the fixed point of the weight support rod and the first longitudinal beam, x is the distance between the fixed point of the dial indicator and the first longitudinal beam, F is the load for loading the weight, and I is the section inertia moment of the experimental beam;
s25, calculating the dial indicatorCalculated value W of amount of bending deformation at set positionnReading value W of dial indicator2nRelative error of (2).
The mutual equivalence theorem experiment method based on the work of the multifunctional experiment device comprises the following steps:
s31, adjusting the position of the vertical moving member in the vertical direction by rotating the hand wheel, so that the marking line of the vertical moving member is aligned with the zero scale mark on the connecting block;
s32, selecting two fixed point positions 1 and 2 on the experimental beam, fixing the weight support rod at the position 1, fixing the dial indicator at the position 2, loading weights on the weight support rod in an equivalent step-by-step manner, and recording the load P of the position 1 in sequence1And the real number W of the dial indicator at position 22After the measurement is finished, sequentially removing the weights loaded on the weight support rod at the position 1;
s33, fixing the weight support rod at the position 2, fixing the dial indicator at the position 1, equivalently loading weights on the weight support rod step by step, and sequentially recording the load P of the position 22And the real number W of the dial indicator at position 11；
S34, verifying the mutual theorem relation P1W2＝P2W1Whether the result is true or not;
and S35, controlling the vertical moving piece to move downwards by rotating the hand wheel, moving downwards to the bottom of the experiment beam after the force sensor is separated from the experiment beam, changing the experiment beam into a static cantilever beam, and executing the steps S32, S33 and S34.
The superposition principle experiment method based on the multifunctional experiment device comprises the following steps:
s41, adjusting the position of the vertical moving member in the vertical direction by rotating the hand wheel, so that the marking line of the vertical moving member is aligned with the zero scale mark on the connecting block;
s42, selecting three fixed point positions 1, 2 and 3 on the experimental beam, fixing two weight support rods and a dial indicator at the positions 1 and 2 respectively, fixing the dial indicator at the position 3, connecting a resistance strain gauge into a strain gauge by a half-bridge method, loading weights to the weight support rods in an equivalent step-by-step manner, and recording the reading W of the dial indicator in sequence12-nForce sensor readingsN12-nAnd reading of strain gauges12-nAfter the measurement is finished, sequentially removing the weights loaded on the weight support rod at the position 1 and the weight support rod at the position 2;
s43, loading weights on the weight support rod at the position 1 in an equivalent manner step by step, and recording the reading W of the dial indicator in sequence1nReading N of the force sensor1nAnd reading of strain gauges1nAfter the measurement is finished, sequentially removing the weights loaded on the weight support rod at the position 1;
s44, loading weights on the weight support rod at the position 2 in an equivalent manner step by step, and recording the reading W of the dial indicator in sequence2nReading N of the force sensor2nAnd reading of strain gauges2n；
S45, verifying whether the formula (2) is established or not, wherein the expression of the formula (2) is as follows:
and S46, controlling the vertical moving piece to move downwards by rotating the hand wheel, moving downwards to the bottom of the experiment beam after the force sensor is separated from the experiment beam, changing the experiment beam into a static cantilever beam, and executing the steps S42, S43, S44 and S45.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A multifunctional assay device, said device comprising:
the supporting frame consists of two parallel cross beams and two parallel longitudinal beams, the cross beams comprise top cross beams and bottom cross beams, the longitudinal beams comprise first longitudinal beams and second longitudinal beams, and first guide grooves are formed in the top cross beams;
the experimental beam is arranged on the plane where the two cross beams are located, one end of the experimental beam is vertically fixed on the first longitudinal beam, the other end of the experimental beam is a free end, and a resistance strain gauge is attached to the top of the experimental beam;
a vertical movement assembly comprising: the vertical moving part is arranged at the bottom of the free end of the experiment beam, the connecting plate is arranged between the vertical moving part and the second longitudinal beam, one side of the connecting plate is in sliding connection with the vertical moving part, the top of the vertical moving part is fixedly provided with a force sensor, the bottom of the vertical moving part is provided with a rotating hand wheel, the other side of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with the second longitudinal beam, the bottom of the connecting plate is provided with a bottom plate along the extending direction of the vertical moving part, the bottom plate is in threaded connection with the rotating hand wheel, marked lines and scales matched with the marked lines are respectively engraved in the vertical plane of the vertical moving part and the connecting plate, and when the marked lines are aligned to zero scale;
a weight-loading assembly comprising: the weight support plates are arranged in parallel to the longitudinal beam, when no weight is loaded, the bottom of each weight support plate is just in contact with the top of the experiment beam, the tops of the two weight support plates are respectively in sliding connection with the first guide groove in the top cross beam through the sliding block, and the weight support rods are in clearance fit with the center holes of the sliding blocks;
the percentage table subassembly is located between experiment roof beam and the bottom crossbeam, includes: the two dial indicators are arranged on a dial indicator support rod between the two dial indicators and the experimental beam, a second guide groove is arranged on the dial indicator support rod, the second guide groove and the dial indicator support rod are both arranged in parallel to the cross beam, two U-shaped guide sleeves are sleeved at the side ends of the dial indicator support rod and are in sliding connection with the dial indicator support rod, and two connected measuring rods respectively penetrate through the two U-shaped guide sleeves and the second guide groove, one ends of the two measuring rods are both fixed with the dial indicators, and the other ends of the two measuring rods are both in contact with the bottom of the experimental beam;
the vertical moving member is the forked tail slider, and the lateral wall of connecting plate is equipped with the forked tail spout with forked tail slider matched with.
2. The multifunctional experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein the weight-loading assembly comprises: the bar-shaped groove is arranged on one side of the first guide groove, is parallel to the cross beam, penetrates through the bar-shaped groove, is fixedly connected with the two screw rods through the two sliding blocks, and is matched with the two screw nuts.
3. The multifunctional assay device of claim 1, wherein the dial indicator assembly comprises: two screw thread through holes arranged on the two U-shaped guide sleeves and two screws matched with the two screw thread through holes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721769708.9U CN211857878U (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2017-12-18 | Multifunctional experimental device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721769708.9U CN211857878U (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2017-12-18 | Multifunctional experimental device |
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| CN211857878U true CN211857878U (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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| CN201721769708.9U Expired - Fee Related CN211857878U (en) | 2017-12-18 | 2017-12-18 | Multifunctional experimental device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107978202A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-01 | 安徽工程大学 | Multifunction experiment apparatus and experimental method |
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2017
- 2017-12-18 CN CN201721769708.9U patent/CN211857878U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107978202A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-01 | 安徽工程大学 | Multifunction experiment apparatus and experimental method |
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Granted publication date: 20201103 Termination date: 20211218 |
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