CN211331681U - Electric spark grinding combined machining tool - Google Patents

Electric spark grinding combined machining tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN211331681U
CN211331681U CN201920752710.8U CN201920752710U CN211331681U CN 211331681 U CN211331681 U CN 211331681U CN 201920752710 U CN201920752710 U CN 201920752710U CN 211331681 U CN211331681 U CN 211331681U
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China
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grinding
section
grinding wheel
electric spark
machining
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Inventor
伍晓宇
雷建国
鲁艳军
徐斌
翁昌兴
谢晋
汤勇
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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Priority to CN201920752710.8U priority Critical patent/CN211331681U/en
Priority to CN201980009330.8A priority patent/CN112351862B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/092567 priority patent/WO2020232791A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H5/00Combined machining
    • B23H5/04Electrical discharge machining combined with mechanical working
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H5/00Combined machining
    • B23H5/06Electrochemical machining combined with mechanical working, e.g. grinding or honing
    • B23H5/08Electrolytic grinding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/06Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides an electric spark grinding combined machining instrument, including grinding wheel base member, grinding section and electrode section, grinding wheel base member is discoid, the grinding section with the electrode section set up in turn in grinding wheel base member's outer fringe terminal surface, through setting up the grinding wheel instrument of high performance electrode section and grinding section interval distribution, can accomplish superhard and difficult grinding material's high efficiency rough machining and high quality finish machining at a clamping within range.

Description

Electric spark grinding combined machining tool
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a grinding tool technical field especially relates to an electric spark grinding combined machining instrument.
Background
The processing technology of the superhard and difficult-to-grind materials is an important field in advanced materials and advanced manufacturing technologies, is widely applied to the aerospace industry, the die industry, the automobile manufacturing industry and various industrial departments with special purpose products, has the traditional problems of low processing efficiency and large tool loss for processing the superhard and difficult-to-grind materials, often needs to carry out multi-pass rough/finish machining and multiple clamping and positioning, has a complex process and is difficult to control processing errors.
The electric spark grinding combined machining technology is an effective means for improving the machining efficiency of superhard and difficult-to-grind materials with electric conductivity, and a machined surface with higher quality can be obtained by effectively combining electric spark discharge erosion and abrasive particle cutting. However, most metal-based adhesives are not ideal tool electrode materials, and high-energy electric spark erosion removal for large-depth machining is difficult to achieve in the rough machining stage, abrasive particles fall off quickly, and grinding wheel loss is quick.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention has been made to provide an electric discharge grinding compound machining tool that overcomes or at least partially solves the above-mentioned problems.
In order to solve the problem, the utility model discloses an electric spark grinding combined machining instrument, including grinding wheel base member, grinding section and electrode segment, grinding wheel base member is discoid, the grinding section with the electrode segment set up in turn in grinding wheel base member's outer fringe terminal surface.
Furthermore, the grinding section is formed by mixing and sintering abrasive particles and a metal-based adhesive, and the electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode section is smaller than that of the grinding section.
Further, the abrasive grains are abrasive grains made of diamond grains, boron carbide grains or silicon carbide abrasive grains.
Further, the metal-based adhesive is an adhesive formed by combining copper, tin mixed powder and/or copper-tin alloy powder.
Further, the grinding wheel base body is a stainless steel, brass or easy-turning iron base body.
Further, the electrode section is an electrode sintered from pure copper powder, pure tungsten powder, brass powder or cupronickel powder.
The utility model discloses a following advantage: by arranging the grinding wheel tools distributed between the high-performance electrode section and the grinding section, the high-efficiency rough machining and high-quality finish machining of superhard and difficult-to-grind materials can be completed within a clamping range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electric spark grinding combined machining tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electric spark grinding combined rough machining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of electric spark grinding composite finish machining according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the electric spark grinding combined machining tool according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a grinding wheel base body 1, a grinding section 5 and an electrode section 2, wherein the grinding wheel base body 1 is disc-shaped, and the grinding section 5 and the electrode section 2 are alternately disposed on an outer edge end face of the grinding wheel base body 1. In the embodiment, the electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode section 2 is less than that of the grinding section 5 metal base, so that abrasive grains 3 can be prevented from falling off quickly in the electric spark grinding composite rough machining stage, and the rough machining efficiency of superhard and difficult-to-grind materials is improved. When the fine machining is carried out, the low-energy electric spark discharge gap 2 is smaller than the edge projecting height of the abrasive particles 3, so that the surface quality of a fine machining workpiece 6 made of superhard and difficult-to-grind materials can be improved.
In the present embodiment, the grinding segment 5 is formed by mixing and sintering the abrasive grains 3 and the metal-based binder. The electrode section 2 is formed by sintering electrode material powder, and the electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode material is smaller than that of the metal base 4. The workpiece 6 is roughly machined by using technological parameters for forming high-energy discharge, so that the high-energy electric spark discharge gap 1 is greater than or equal to the height h of the edge of the abrasive particles, high-efficiency high-energy electric spark rotary machining is realized, and meanwhile, the edge of the grinding wheel grinding section 5 is finished. The electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode section 2 is slightly smaller than the electric spark machining loss rate of the metal base 4 of the grinding section 5, so that the diameter of the electrode section 2 is slightly larger than the diameter of the metal base 4 of the grinding section 5, the effect that the electrode section 2 protects the grinding section 5 is achieved, and abrasive grains 3 are prevented from falling off quickly. In other embodiments, both the grinding section and the electrode section arc lengths are adjustable.
The grinding wheel base body 1 is made of stainless steel, brass or easy turning iron. In the embodiment, the grinding wheel base body 1 is made of stainless steel, brass and free-turning iron, the free-turning iron is free-cutting steel, metal machinability is enhanced mainly by adding elements such as sulfur or lead, and the cutting performance of a machine tool is good. The outer diameter range of the grinding wheel base body 1 is 40mm-200mm, the inner diameter range of the grinding wheel base body 1 is 12mm-35mm, and the thickness range of the grinding wheel base body 1 is 0.5mm-20 mm.
The electrode segments 2 are made of pure copper powder, pure tungsten powder, brass powder or cupronickel powder. Copper has high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance and excellent processing performance, and the particle size range is 1-20 mu m.
The abrasive grains 3 are made of diamond grains, boron carbide grains, or silicon carbide abrasives. The diamond, boron carbide and silicon carbide have the characteristics of low density, high strength, high-temperature stability and good chemical stability, and the particle size range is 0.1-10 mu m.
The metal binder is made of copper, tin mixed powder and/or copper-tin alloy powder. Wherein the particle size range of the copper and tin mixed powder is 1-20 mu m, and the particle size range of the copper-tin alloy powder is 25-50 mu m.
In the embodiment, the grinding section 5 and the electrode section 2 need to be sintered to the circumference of the grinding wheel base body 1 respectively to be alternately connected to form a grinding wheel tool, and the arc lengths of the grinding section 5 and the electrode section 2 can be adjusted. Wherein the grinding section 5 is formed by sintering after uniformly mixing a metal-based adhesive and abrasive grains; the electrode section 2 is formed by sintering electrode material powder, and the electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode material is smaller than that of the metal-based adhesive.
Specific example 1:
in the present embodiment, an electric discharge grinding composite machining tool has an annular array form, and the grinding wheel tool is composed of electrode segments 2 and grinding segments 5 made of high-performance electrode materials, respectively, which are alternately distributed. The grinding wheel base body 1 in the embodiment is disc-shaped, the grinding sections 5 and the electrode sections 2 are alternately arranged on the outer edge end face of the grinding wheel base body 1, the grinding sections 5 are formed by mixing and sintering abrasive particles 3 and metal-based binder, the electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode sections 2 is smaller than that of the metal base 4, the grinding wheel base body 1 is placed in a first die, copper powder is filled in the outer circle blank, and sintering is carried out, so that the grinding wheel base body containing the annular array electrode sections 2 is obtained; and then the grinding wheel base body containing the annular array electrode section 2 is placed into a second die, the blank of the outer circle is filled with mixed powder of copper powder, tin powder and diamond grinding materials, sintering treatment is carried out again, the complete grinding wheel containing the electrode section 2 and the grinding section 5 which are alternately connected to form the outer circle of the grinding wheel tool is obtained, and by using the special grinding wheel tool, high-efficiency rough machining and high-quality finish machining of superhard and difficult-to-grind materials can be completed within a clamping range. During rough machining, the technological parameters capable of forming high-energy discharge are used, so that the high-energy electric spark discharge gap 1 is larger than the abrasive particle edge-projecting height h, high-efficiency high-energy electric spark rotary machining is realized, and meanwhile, the grinding wheel grinding section 5 finishes edge projection; during fine machining, the technological parameters capable of forming low-energy discharge are used, so that the low-energy electric spark discharge gap 2 is smaller than or equal to the abrasive particle edge height h, and high-precision electric spark grinding and rotating machining is realized.
Specific example 2:
in the present embodiment, an electric discharge grinding composite machining tool has an annular array form, and the grinding wheel tool is composed of electrode segments 2 and grinding segments 5 made of high-performance electrode materials, respectively, which are alternately distributed. The grinding wheel base body 1 in the embodiment is disc-shaped, the grinding sections 5 and the electrode sections 2 are alternately arranged on the outer edge end face of the grinding wheel base body 1, the grinding sections 5 are made by mixing abrasive particles 3 and metal base binders, the electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode sections 2 is smaller than the loss rate of the metal base 4 of the grinding sections 5, the electrode sections in the embodiment are formed by mixing and sintering copper-tin mixed powder and copper-tin alloy powder, then the grinding wheel base body containing the annular array electrode sections 2 is placed into a second die, and the blank of the outer circle is filled with boron carbide granules and copper-tin alloy powder mixed powder. During rough machining, the technological parameters capable of forming high-energy discharge are used, so that the high-energy electric spark discharge gap 1 is larger than the abrasive particle edge-projecting height h, high-efficiency high-energy electric spark rotary machining is realized, and meanwhile, the grinding wheel grinding section 5 finishes edge projection; during fine machining, the technological parameters capable of forming low-energy discharge are used, so that the low-energy electric spark discharge gap 2 is smaller than or equal to the abrasive particle edge height h, and high-precision electric spark grinding and rotating machining is realized.
Specific example 3:
the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an electric spark grinding composite machining tool based on the above specific embodiment 1, including the steps of:
machining a grinding wheel base body 1 on a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 15mm by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machining process; the stainless steel has stronger wear resistance.
Placing the grinding wheel matrix 1 into a first die, filling copper powder into the first die, and sintering to obtain the grinding wheel matrix 1 containing the electrode section 2;
and placing the grinding wheel matrix 1 containing the electrode section 2 into a second die, filling copper and tin mixed powder and diamond abrasive particles, uniformly mixing, and sintering to obtain the complete grinding wheel containing the electrode section 2 and the grinding section 5 which are alternately connected to form the excircle of the grinding wheel tool.
Specific example 4:
the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an electric spark grinding composite machining tool based on the above specific embodiment 2, including the steps of:
machining a grinding wheel base body 1 on an easily turned iron with the thickness of 10mm by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machining process; the easy turning iron has stronger wear resistance.
And placing the grinding wheel matrix 1 into a first die, filling pure tungsten powder into the first die, and sintering to obtain the grinding wheel matrix 1 containing the electrode segments 2.
And placing the grinding wheel matrix 1 containing the electrode section 2 into a second die, filling boron carbide granules and copper-tin alloy powder, uniformly mixing, and sintering to obtain the first grinding wheel containing the electrode section 2 and the grinding section 5 which are alternately connected to form the excircle of the grinding wheel tool.
The utility model provides an electric spark grinding combined machining method of preferred embodiment, including the step:
respectively installing a first grinding wheel and a workpiece 6 on a grinding machine, wherein the first grinding wheel is connected with the negative pole of a pulse power supply, and the workpiece 6 is connected with the positive pole of the pulse power supply;
in the present embodiment, the workpiece 6 is made of titanium alloy, cemented carbide, silicon carbide, or conductive ceramic.
Adjusting the first grinding wheel to a first height, wherein the first height is that a high-energy spark discharge gap is set to be 1; carrying out rough machining on the workpiece 6 by using technological parameters of high-energy discharge; the discharging gap 1 of the electrode section 2 is larger than or equal to the height h of the edge of the abrasive particles, high-efficiency high-energy electric spark rotary machining is achieved, and meanwhile the edge of the grinding wheel grinding section 5 is finished. The electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode section 2 is smaller than that of the grinding section 5, so that the diameter of the electrode section 2 is larger than that of the grinding section 5, and then the electrode section 2 protects the grinding section 5 and prevents the abrasive particles 3 from falling off quickly.
Adjusting the first grinding wheel to a second height, wherein the second height in the embodiment is to set a low-energy spark discharge gap to be 2; and (3) performing finish machining on the workpiece 6 by using the technological parameters of low-energy discharge to ensure that the discharge gap of the electrode section 2 is less than or equal to the abrasive particle edge height h, so that high-precision electric spark grinding rotary machining is realized, and the workpiece 6 with a high-quality machined surface is obtained.
In the embodiment, the technological parameter of high-energy discharge means that the processing voltage is 90-120V, and the pulse width is 10-50 mus; the technological parameters of low-energy discharge refer to the processing voltage of 30-50V and the pulse width of 1-10 mus.
By using the special grinding wheel tool, the high-efficiency rough machining and high-quality finish machining of superhard and difficult-to-grind materials can be finished within a clamping range. During rough machining, the technological parameters capable of forming high-energy discharge are used, so that the high-energy electric spark discharge gap 1 is larger than the abrasive particle edge-projecting height h, high-efficiency high-energy electric spark rotary machining is realized, and meanwhile, the grinding wheel grinding section 5 finishes edge projection; during fine machining, the technological parameters capable of forming low-energy discharge are used, so that the low-energy electric spark discharge gap 2 is smaller than or equal to the abrasive particle edge height h, and high-precision electric spark grinding and rotating machining is realized.
Specific example 5:
the present embodiment provides an electric spark grinding composite machining method based on the above specific embodiment 1, including the steps of:
respectively installing a first grinding wheel and a workpiece 6 on a grinding machine, wherein the first grinding wheel is connected with the negative pole of a pulse power supply, and the workpiece 6 is connected with the positive pole of the pulse power supply; the material of the workpiece 6 in this embodiment is a conductive ceramic.
Adjusting the first grinding wheel to a first height required by rough machining depth; carrying out rough machining on the workpiece 6 by using technological parameters of high-energy discharge; the high-energy electric spark discharge gap 1 is larger than or equal to the height h of the edge of the abrasive particles, high-efficiency high-energy electric spark rotary machining is achieved, and meanwhile the edge of the grinding wheel grinding section 5 is finished. The electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode section 2 is smaller than that of the grinding section 5, so that the diameter of the electrode section 2 is larger than that of the grinding section 5, and then the electrode section 2 protects the grinding section 5 and prevents the abrasive particles 3 from falling off quickly.
Adjusting the first grinding wheel to a second height required by the finish machining depth; and (3) performing finish machining on the workpiece 6 by using the technological parameters of low-energy discharge to ensure that the low-energy electric spark discharge gap 2 is less than or equal to the abrasive particle edge height h, realizing high-precision electric spark grinding rotary machining, and obtaining the workpiece 6 with a high-quality machined surface.
In this embodiment, the process parameter of the high-energy discharge means that the processing voltage is 120V and the pulse width is 50 μ s; the technological parameters of low-energy discharge mean that the processing voltage is 50V and the pulse width is 10 mus.
Specific example 6:
the present embodiment provides an electric spark grinding composite machining method based on the above specific embodiment 2, including the steps of:
respectively installing a first grinding wheel and a workpiece 6 on a grinding machine, wherein the first grinding wheel is connected with the negative pole of a pulse power supply, and the workpiece 6 is connected with the positive pole of the pulse power supply; the workpiece 6 in this embodiment is made of silicon carbide. The silicon carbide, also called carborundum, is prepared by smelting quartz sand, petroleum coke (or coal coke), wood chips (salt is required when producing green silicon carbide) and other raw materials in a resistance furnace at high temperature. Silicon carbide also has rare minerals in nature. Silicon carbide is also known as carbo-silica. Among the non-oxide high-tech refractory materials such as C, N, B, silicon carbide is the most widely used and economical one, and may be called as corundum or refractory sand. The silicon carbide has stable chemical property, high heat conductivity coefficient, small thermal expansion coefficient and good wear resistance.
Adjusting the first grinding wheel to a first height required by rough machining depth; carrying out rough machining on the workpiece 6 by using technological parameters of high-energy discharge; the high-energy electric spark discharge gap 1 is larger than or equal to the height h of the edge of the abrasive particles, high-efficiency high-energy electric spark rotary machining is achieved, and meanwhile the edge of the grinding wheel grinding section 5 is finished. The electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode section 2 is smaller than that of the grinding section 5, so that the diameter of the electrode section 2 is larger than that of the grinding section 5, and then the electrode section 2 protects the grinding section 5 and prevents the abrasive particles 3 from falling off quickly.
Adjusting the first grinding wheel to a second height required by the finish machining depth; and (3) performing finish machining on the workpiece 6 by using the technological parameters of low-energy discharge to ensure that the low-energy electric spark discharge gap 2 is less than or equal to the abrasive particle edge height h, realizing high-precision electric spark grinding rotary machining, and obtaining the workpiece 6 with a high-quality machined surface.
In this embodiment, the process parameter of the high-energy discharge means that the processing voltage is 100V and the pulse width is 40 μ s; the technological parameter of low-energy discharge means that the machining voltage is 40V and the pulse width is 5 mus.
The utility model discloses an electric spark grinding combined machining instrument can accomplish superhard and difficult abrasive material's high efficiency rough machining and high quality finish machining at a clamping within range. During rough machining, the technological parameters capable of forming high-energy discharge are used, so that the high-energy electric spark discharge gap 1 is larger than the abrasive particle edge-projecting height h, high-efficiency high-energy electric spark rotary machining is realized, and meanwhile, the edge projecting of a grinding wheel grinding section is completed; during fine machining, the technological parameters capable of forming low-energy discharge are used, so that the low-energy electric spark discharge gap 2 is smaller than or equal to the abrasive particle edge height h, and high-precision electric spark grinding and rotating machining is realized. In the embodiment, the electric spark grinding composite machining tool, the preparation method and the machining method thereof are characterized in that the grinding wheel tools distributed between the high-performance electrode section and the grinding section are arranged, and the high-efficiency rough machining and the high-quality finish machining of the superhard and difficult-to-grind materials can be completed within a clamping range.
The above only is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not limiting the scope of the present invention, all the equivalent structures or equivalent flow changes made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the same way in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The electric spark grinding combined machining tool is characterized by comprising a grinding wheel base body, a grinding section and an electrode section, wherein the grinding wheel base body is in a disc shape, the grinding section is formed by mixing and sintering abrasive particles and a metal-based adhesive, the electric spark machining loss rate of the electrode section is smaller than that of the grinding section, and the grinding section and the electrode section are alternately arranged on the outer edge end face of the grinding wheel base body.
2. The electric spark grinding composite machining tool according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive grains are abrasive grains made of diamond grains, boron carbide grains, or silicon carbide abrasive grains.
3. The electric discharge grinding composite machining tool as claimed in claim 2, wherein the metal-based adhesive is a copper-tin alloy adhesive.
4. The electric discharge grinding composite machining tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grinding wheel base is a stainless steel, brass or free turning iron base.
5. The spark-grinding composite machining tool according to claim 1, wherein the electrode segment is an electrode fired from pure copper powder, pure tungsten powder, brass powder, or cupronickel powder.
CN201920752710.8U 2019-05-21 2019-05-21 Electric spark grinding combined machining tool Active CN211331681U (en)

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CN201920752710.8U CN211331681U (en) 2019-05-21 2019-05-21 Electric spark grinding combined machining tool
CN201980009330.8A CN112351862B (en) 2019-05-21 2019-06-24 Electric spark grinding composite machining tool, tool preparation method and machining method
PCT/CN2019/092567 WO2020232791A1 (en) 2019-05-21 2019-06-24 Combined electric spark grinding machining tool, tool manufacturing method and machining method

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CN201920752710.8U CN211331681U (en) 2019-05-21 2019-05-21 Electric spark grinding combined machining tool

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CN112351862B (en) 2023-03-14
CN112351862A (en) 2021-02-09

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