CN211122071U - A mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a geotechnical sampling mechanical device for civil engineering, which belongs to the technical field of geotechnical analysis of civil engineering. The geotechnical sampling mechanical device includes: a top frame; a vertically arranged hydraulic telescopic rod, the upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the top frame; The pipe is provided with a plurality of sampling windows evenly spaced from top to bottom; the first rotating shaft is arranged vertically, the first rotating shaft rotates and is arranged on the sampling pipe, and the two ends of the first rotating shaft rotate to extend out of the sampling pipe; the drill bit , the drill bit is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first rotating shaft; the first driving device is fixedly connected to the top frame, and the first driving device is drivingly connected to the upper end of the first rotating shaft. The effect of the utility model is that the hard rock in the soil can be drilled, the soil sample collection in the deep soil can be facilitated, and the soil samples of different soil layers can be collected separately, which is beneficial to the soil sample analysis.

Description

A mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of geotechnical analysis of civil engineering, in particular to a mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering.

Background technique

Civil engineering is a general term for the science and technology of building various engineering facilities. Among them, in the actual engineering construction process, it is necessary to sample and analyze the composition of the rock and soil, so as to facilitate the evaluation and design of the construction project. Therefore, the sampling of rock and soil is particularly important and critical.

At present, there are many types of sampling devices, but due to the complex structure in the soil layer, there are often hard rocks and other substances in the soil layer, so most sampling devices can only drill into the soil samples in the shallow stratum, and there is no way to drill the soil samples. Into deep soil, it is impossible to take deep soil samples, resulting in poor soil sample collection effect and inaccurate analysis of soil composition.

Utility model content

In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering, which can drill through hard rocks in the soil, can facilitate the collection of soil samples in deep soil, and can simultaneously collect soil samples in different soil layers. The samples were collected separately to facilitate soil sample analysis.

The technical scheme of the utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering, comprising:

a top frame, the top frame is arranged horizontally;

at least two vertically arranged hydraulic telescopic rods, the upper ends of the hydraulic telescopic rods are fixedly connected with the bottom end of the top frame, and the top frame is driven to move up and down by the hydraulic telescopic rods;

A sampling pipe, the sampling pipe is vertically arranged vertically below the top frame, and a plurality of sampling windows distributed evenly spaced from top to bottom are arranged on the sampling pipe, and the sampling windows are respectively taken through the plurality of sampling windows. Soil samples in different soil layers;

a first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is vertically arranged, the first rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the sampling pipe, and both ends of the first rotating shaft rotate and extend out of the sampling pipe;

a drill bit, which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first rotating shaft;

A first drive device, the first drive device is fixedly connected to the top frame, the first drive device is drive-connected with the upper end of the first rotating shaft, and the first drive device is driven by the first rotating shaft The drill bit rotates.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the soil can be drilled through the drill bit, so that the sampling pipe can enter the drilled hole for sampling, and the first rotating shaft and the drill bit can be pushed through the hydraulic telescopic rod, so that the first rotating shaft and the drill bit can be drilled through Hard rock and other substances, which can facilitate the sampling pipe to collect soil samples in the soil layer in the deep soil. By setting a plurality of spaced sampling windows on the sampling pipe, the soil samples in each soil layer drilled Soil samples in each soil layer can be obtained through one drilling, so that the analysis of soil layer components in the soil is more accurate and the detection efficiency is higher.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, the utility model can also be improved as follows.

Further, the sampling tube includes a second driving device, a vertically arranged first sampling tube and a vertically arranged second sampling tube, the upper and lower ends of the first sampling tube are connected through, and the upper and lower ends of the second sampling tube are closed, the second sampling tube is rotatably arranged in the first sampling tube, the upper end of the second sampling tube protrudes from the first sampling tube, and is drivingly connected with the second driving device, through the The second driving device drives the second sampling tube to rotate in the first sampling tube, and the first rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the second sampling tube; the sampling window includes a first sampling port and a second sampling port , the first sampling pipe is provided with the first sampling port and penetrates the pipe wall of the first sampling pipe, and the second sampling pipe is provided with the second sampling port and penetrates the first sampling pipe The wall of the second sampling pipe, the second driving device drives the second sampling pipe to rotate, so that when the second sampling port is connected with the first sampling port, the soil sample in the soil layer passes through the first sampling port and the second sampling port into the second sampling tube.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that the designed second sampling pipe is rotated in the first sampling pipe, so that the first sampling port and the second sampling port can be communicated or interlaced, so as to facilitate the communication between the first sampling port and the second sampling port when sampling is required. The second sampling port is used for sampling. After the sampling is completed, the first sampling port and the second sampling port are staggered and separated, so that when the entire sampling pipe is taken out from the borehole, the soil samples in each soil layer will not be mixed. Thereby, errors in soil sample analysis are avoided and the detection accuracy is improved.

Further, a vertically arranged inner sleeve is arranged in the second sampling tube, and a sampling cavity is formed between the outer wall of the inner sleeve and the inner wall of the second sampling tube, and the inner sleeve and the second sampling tube form a sampling cavity. A plurality of annular partitions arranged at intervals are arranged between the sampling tubes, the sampling cavity is divided into a plurality of sampling chambers by the plurality of annular partitions, each of the sampling chambers and at least one of the second sampling ports connected, and the first rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the inner sleeve.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that it can facilitate the collection of soil samples of each soil layer, and store them separately after collection, which is convenient for the detection personnel to collect.

Further, bearings are provided on the end surfaces of the upper and lower ends of the inner sleeve, the first rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the inner sleeve, and the upper and lower ends of the first rotating shaft respectively rotate through the corresponding bearings.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the first bearing can be facilitated to rotate in the inner sleeve and move together with the second sampling tube at the same time.

Further, the outer wall of the first sampling tube is provided with a plurality of separation marks corresponding to the annular partition plate.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that it is convenient for sampling personnel to take soil samples from different sampling chambers respectively.

Further, the first driving device includes a first motor and a first reducer, the first motor is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the top frame, and the first reducer is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top frame , the output end of the first motor rotates through the top frame and is connected to the input end of the first reducer, and the upper end of the first shaft is connected to the output end of the first reducer, so The first motor drives the first shaft to rotate through the first reducer.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that the first rotating shaft and the drill bit are conveniently driven to rotate by the first motor and the first reducer.

Further, the second driving device includes a second motor, a second reducer, an annular toothed disc and a main toothed disc, the annular toothed disc is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the upper end of the second sampling pipe, and the The second motor is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top frame, the output end of the second motor is drivingly connected to the input end of the second reducer, and the shaft center of the main gear plate is fixedly provided with a second rotating shaft , one end of the second shaft is connected to the output end of the second reducer, the second motor drives the main gear plate to rotate through the second reducer and the second shaft, and the main gear plate rotates. It meshes with the annular toothed plate, and drives the second sampling pipe to rotate through the cooperation of the main toothed plate and the annular toothed plate.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that the second sampling pipe can be conveniently driven to rotate in the first sampling pipe through the second motor, the second reducer, the annular toothed plate and the main toothed plate.

Further, the drill bit includes a conical drill bit and a cylindrical drill bit, the conical drill bit is provided with an annular cutting edge, the cylindrical drill bit is provided with an inclined cutting edge, and the tip of the conical drill bit faces vertically downward, The round end of the conical drill bit is integrally formed with one end of the cylindrical drill bit, and the other end of the cylindrical drill bit is integrally formed with the lower end of the first rotating shaft.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are: the conical drill bit can facilitate drilling through hard substances, and the cylindrical drill bit can be used to shape the drilled hole, which facilitates the entry of the entire sampling tube into the drilled hole.

Further, it also includes at least two bases, a plurality of the bases are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of the hydraulic telescopic rods, and the bases are fixedly connected to the lower ends corresponding to the hydraulic telescopic rods.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that the hydraulic telescopic rod can be brought into contact with the soil surface, so that the balance of the installation device is better.

Further, a collar is fixed on the outer side wall of the base, and a pin is arranged in the collar.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is that the base is fixed more firmly on the soil surface, and the stability of the whole device is improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the utility model geotechnical sampling mechanical device;

Fig. 2 is the bottom view of the utility model geotechnical sampling mechanical device;

3 is a cross-sectional view of the sampling tube of the utility model;

Fig. 4 is the AA plane sectional view of the sampling tube of the utility model;

Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first sampling tube of the present invention;

6 is a top view of the second sampling tube of the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings, the list of components represented by each number is as follows:

1. Base, 2. Hydraulic telescopic rod, 3. Top frame, 4. Collar, 5. Pin, 6. First motor, 7. First reducer, 8. First shaft, 9, Second motor, 10 , The second reducer, 11, the annular toothed disc, 12, the main toothed disc, 13, the first sampling tube, 14, the second sampling tube, 15, the first sampling port, 16, the conical drill bit, 17, the cylindrical Drill bit, 18, second sampling port, 19, annular partition, 20, inner casing, 21, bearing, 22, sampling chamber, 23, separation mark.

Detailed ways

The principles and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the examples are only used to explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example

As shown in FIGS. 1-6 , this embodiment provides a mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering, including: a top frame 3 , four vertically arranged hydraulic telescopic rods 2 , a sampling pipe, a first rotating shaft 8 , and a drill bit and the first drive.

The top frame 3 is arranged horizontally, wherein the top frame 3 is a square plate. The upper end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 2 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the top frame 3, and the extension or shortening of the hydraulic telescopic rod 2 drives the top frame 3 to move up and down, wherein four hydraulic telescopic rods 2 are respectively arranged on the four corners of the top frame 3, The support force for the top frame 3 is formed by the hydraulic telescopic rod 2 . The sampling pipe is vertically arranged below the top frame 3, wherein the cross-section of the sampling pipe is circular, and the sampling pipe is provided with a plurality of sampling windows evenly spaced from top to bottom. For soil samples in different soil layers, the sampling windows are distributed in an array. When the sampling pipe is drilled into the soil, since the sampling pipe is vertically arranged, multiple sampling windows are located in different soil layers, so that more comprehensive sampling can be achieved. . The first rotating shaft 8 is arranged vertically, the first rotating shaft 8 is rotatably arranged on the sampling tube, and both ends of the first rotating shaft 8 rotate to extend out of the sampling tube, wherein the sampling tube can follow the first rotating shaft 8 to move. The drill bit is fixedly connected with the lower end of the first rotating shaft 8, and the drill bit is used to drill into the soil, and then the first rotating shaft 8 and the sampling pipe are brought into the soil together. The first driving device is fixedly connected to the top frame 3, and the first driving device is connected to the upper end of the first rotating shaft 8 in a transmission connection. The first driving device drives the drill bit to rotate through the first rotating shaft 8, and specifically drives the first rotating shaft through the first driving device 8 rotates, the first rotating shaft 8 drives the drill bit to rotate, and the drill bit is turned into the soil, so that the first rotating shaft 8 and the sampling pipe follow into the soil, and the sampling window on the sampling pipe takes soil samples of different soil layers.

Specifically, the sampling tube in this embodiment includes a second driving device, a vertically arranged first sampling tube 13 and a vertically arranged second sampling tube 14 , wherein the cross sections of the first sampling tube 13 and the second sampling tube 14 are Both are circular, the diameter of the first sampling tube 13 is larger than the diameter of the second sampling tube 14, the first sampling tube 13 is sleeved outside the second sampling tube 14, the upper and lower ends of the first sampling tube 13 are connected, and the second sampling tube 13 The upper and lower ends of 14 are closed, and the second sampling tube 14 is rotatably arranged in the first sampling tube 13, wherein the top inner wall of the first sampling tube 13 is provided with a rotating groove, and the outer wall of the second sampling tube 14 is provided with a rotating ring, which rotates. The ring is placed in the rotating groove, so that the first sampling tube 13 and the second sampling tube 14 move up and down simultaneously under the action of the hydraulic telescopic rod 2 , and the second sampling tube 14 can rotate in the first sampling tube 13 at the same time. The inner wall of the first sampling tube 13 and the outer wall of the second sampling tube 14 are smooth surfaces, so that the frictional force between the inner wall of the first sampling tube 13 and the outer wall of the second sampling tube 14 is small. In addition, the second sampling tube 14 can be rotated in the first sampling tube 13 in other ways that can ensure that the second sampling tube 14 rotates in the first sampling tube 13 and the two can move up and down together. Specifically, the ball bearing can be used. 21, a ball bearing 21 is sleeved on the outer wall of the second sampling tube 14, and the outer wall of the ball bearing 21 and the inner wall of the first sampling tube 13 are in an interference fit, which can also achieve the above functions. The upper end of the second sampling tube 14 protrudes from the first sampling tube 13 and is connected to the second driving device in a driving manner. The second sampling tube 14 is driven to rotate in the first sampling tube 13 by the second driving device. in the second sampling tube 14 . It should be noted that the first sampling tube 13 rotates slowly in the first sampling tube 13 by the second driving device.

The sampling window includes a first sampling port 15 and a second sampling port 18. The first sampling pipe 13 is provided with a first sampling port 15 and penetrates the pipe wall of the first sampling pipe 13. The second sampling pipe 14 is provided with a second sampling port 15. The sampling port 18 penetrates through the wall of the second sampling pipe 14, and the second driving device drives the second sampling pipe 14 to rotate slowly in the first sampling pipe 13, so that when the second sampling port 18 is communicated with the first sampling port 15 , the soil sample in the soil layer enters the second sampling pipe 14 through the first sampling port 15 and the second sampling port 18, so as to complete the collection of the soil sample in the soil layer. After the collection, the second driving device drives the second sampling pipe. 14 is slowly rotated in the first sampling pipe 13, so that the second sampling port 18 and the first sampling port 15 are staggered and separated, so as to prevent the soil sample from falling from the second sampling pipe 14 when the sampling pipe is taken out from the soil, and also avoid The soil samples of other soil layers are mixed into the second sampling pipe 14, which affects the analysis of soil samples in the soil layers. The size of the second sampling port 18 is smaller than that of the first sampling port 15, and both are rectangular. The first sampling ports 15 are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the first sampling pipe 13, so that the first sampling ports 15 are arranged in two rows, and the second sampling ports 18 are also provided on both sides of the outer wall of the second sampling pipe 14. The two sampling ports 18 are arranged in two rows.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the second sampling pipe 14 is provided with an inner casing 20 arranged vertically, wherein the upper and lower ends of the inner casing 20 are flush with the upper and lower ends of the second sampling pipe 14, and the inner casing 20 is flush with the upper and lower ends of the second sampling pipe 14. A sampling cavity is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall of the second sampling tube 14 , and three annular partitions 19 are arranged at intervals between the inner sleeve 20 and the second sampling tube 14 , and the sampling cavity is separated by the three annular partitions 19 Four sampling chambers 22 are formed, and each sampling chamber 22 communicates with two second sampling ports 18 , wherein each sampling chamber 22 has two second sampling ports 18 , so that through the two second sampling ports 18 it is possible to For more convenient sampling, the first rotating shaft 8 is rotated and arranged in the inner casing 20, wherein the inner wall of the inner casing 20 is a smooth surface, which can facilitate the rotation of the first rotating shaft 8 in the inner casing 20 and reduce the number of pairs of the inner casing 20. Frictional resistance of the first rotating shaft 8 .

Specifically, in this embodiment, bearings 21 are provided on both the upper and lower end surfaces of the inner sleeve 20 , wherein the bearings 21 are needle bearings 21 , the first rotating shaft 8 is rotatably arranged in the inner sleeve 20 , and the first rotating shaft 8 The upper and lower ends rotate through the corresponding bearings 21 respectively, so that the first rotating shaft 8 can rotate in the inner sleeve 20 and can move together with the second sampling tube 14 and the first sampling tube 13 at the same time.

Preferably, in this embodiment, three separation marks 23 corresponding to the annular partition plate 19 are provided on the outer wall of the first sampling tube 13 , so that different sampling chambers can be easily distinguished according to the separation marks 23 on the outer wall of the first sampling tube 13 The soil samples collected within 22 are convenient for analysis.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the first driving device includes a first motor 6 and a first reducer 7 , the first motor 6 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the top frame 3 , and the first reducer 7 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top frame 3 . On the surface, the output end of the first motor 6 rotates through the top frame 3 and is connected to the input end of the first reducer 7, and the output end of the first motor 6 outputs rotational energy to the first reducer 7, and passes through the first reducer 7. After deceleration adjustment, the output is output. The upper end of the first rotating shaft 8 is connected to the output end of the first reducer 7. The first reducer 7 adjusts the rotational energy and transmits it to the first rotating shaft 8, so that the first rotating shaft 8 rotates. A motor 6 drives the first shaft 8 to rotate through the first reducer 7 , and a first switch is provided on the first motor 6 , and the first motor 6 can be turned on or off through the first switch. The first motor 6 is a servo motor, and the first motor 6 and the first reducer 7 and the transmission mode between the two are all in the prior art, and are well known to those skilled in the art. The transmission mode between the two will not be repeated too much.

Specifically, the second driving device includes a second motor 9 , a second reducer 10 , an annular toothed disc 11 and a main toothed disc 12 , and the annular toothed disc 11 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the upper end of the second sampling pipe 14 , so that The annular toothed plate 11 rotates coaxially with the second sampling tube 14, the second motor 9 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top frame 3, the output end of the second motor 9 is connected to the input end of the second reducer 10 in a driving manner, the second The motor 9 transmits the rotational energy output to the second reducer 10 , and then outputs after adjustment by the second reducer 10 . The output end of the motor 9 is connected to the transmission, the rotational energy adjusted by the second reducer 10 is transmitted to the second shaft, and then the main gear plate 12 is rotated, so that the second motor 9 drives the main gear plate through the second reducer 10 and the second shaft. 12 rotates, the main toothed plate 12 and the ring toothed plate 11 are engaged. Since the main toothed plate 12 and the annular toothed plate 11 are engaged, the main toothed plate 12 rotates with the ring toothed plate 11, so that the main toothed plate 12 and the ring toothed plate 11 are rotated. The cooperation of the toothed plate 11 drives the second sampling tube 14 to rotate. The rotation of the second sampling tube 14 is slow rotation, and at the same time, the second driving device is provided with a second switch, and the second switch is used to control the opening or closing of the second motor 9, so that the second sampling tube 14 rotates to the first sampling port When the 15 and the second sampling port 18 are communicated, the second sampling pipe 14 stops rotating. When the sampling is completed, the second sampling pipe 14 is rotated to the first sampling port 15 and the second sampling port 18 staggered, that is, the rotation is stopped. Wherein the second motor 9 is a servo motor, the second motor 9 and the second reducer 10 and the transmission mode between the two are the prior art, and are well known to those skilled in the art. The transmission mode between the two will not be repeated too much.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the drill bit includes a conical drill bit 16 and a cylindrical drill bit 17 , the conical drill bit 16 is provided with an annular cutting edge, the cylindrical drill bit 17 is provided with an inclined cutting edge, and the tip of the conical drill bit 16 is oriented vertically Below, the round end of the conical drill bit 16 is integrally formed with one end of the cylindrical drill bit 17, the other end of the cylindrical drill bit 17 is integrally formed with the lower end of the first rotating shaft 8, and the conical drill bit 16 is used to drill and crush hard stones and other substances. Then, the borehole is shaped by the cylindrical drill bit 17 , so that the first sampling tube 13 and the second sampling tube 14 can enter the borehole smoothly, wherein the diameter of the cylindrical drill bit 17 is larger than that of the first sampling tube 13 .

Preferably, this embodiment also includes four bases 1, the four bases 1 are in one-to-one correspondence with the four hydraulic telescopic rods 2, the bases 1 are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the corresponding hydraulic telescopic rods 2, and the four bases 1 are used for the soil surface touch.

Preferably, in this embodiment, a collar 4 is fixed on the outer side wall of the base 1, and a pin 5 is arranged in the collar 4, wherein the pin 5 can move in the collar 4, and the pin 5 is driven into the soil surface, which can facilitate the The base 1 is fixed firmly, so that the whole device can be more stable during sampling.

Specifically, the method used in this embodiment is to place the base 1 on the soil surface, turn on the first motor 6, and the first motor 6 drives the first rotating shaft 8, the conical drill bit 16 and the cylindrical drill bit 17 to rotate, and then adjusts the hydraulic telescopic rod 2 , control the hydraulic telescopic rod 2 to shorten, and drive the top frame 3 to move downward, thereby driving the entire sampling pipe and the entire drill bit to move downward, and the drill bit drills the soil so that the sampling pipe enters the drilled hole. Shorten, drive the drill hole and the sampling pipe to drill down continuously, and can quickly drill through hard stones, etc. When the sampling pipe completely enters the hole, turn off the first motor 6 and turn on the second motor 9, so that the The second sampling pipe 14 is rotated a quarter turn relative to the first sampling pipe 13, and the second electrolysis is closed, so that the first sampling port 15 and the second sampling port 18 are connected, and the soil sample in the soil layer is under the action of the underground fluid. Enter the corresponding sampling chamber 22 through the first sampling port 15 and the second sampling port 18. After maintaining for a period of time, the second motor 9 is turned on to drive the second sampling pipe 14 to rotate a quarter turn, so that the second sampling port 18 and the The first sampling ports 15 are staggered and separated. After sampling is completed, the first motor 6 is turned on, so that the first rotating shaft 8, the conical drill bit 16 and the cylindrical drill bit 17 are rotated in the opposite direction, and then the hydraulic telescopic rod 2 is adjusted to rise to drive the top frame 3 upward. Move so that the entire sampling tube is withdrawn from the borehole, and when fully withdrawn, the first motor 6 is turned off. The second motor 9 is turned on again, so that the first sampling port 15 and the second sampling port 18 are connected, and the soil samples in each sampling chamber 22 are manually taken out to complete the sampling.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of geotechnical sampling mechanical device for civil engineering, is characterized in that, comprises: a top frame (3), the top frame (3) is arranged horizontally; At least two vertically arranged hydraulic telescopic rods (2), the upper ends of the hydraulic telescopic rods (2) are fixedly connected with the bottom end of the top frame (3), and the hydraulic telescopic rods (2) are used to drive the The top frame (3) moves up and down; A sampling pipe, the sampling pipe is vertically arranged below the top frame (3), and a plurality of sampling windows evenly spaced from top to bottom are arranged on the sampling pipe, and the sampling windows pass through the plurality of sampling windows Take soil samples from different soil layers respectively; A first rotating shaft (8), the first rotating shaft (8) is arranged vertically, the first rotating shaft (8) is rotatably arranged on the sampling tube, and both ends of the first rotating shaft (8) are rotated to extend out of the the sampling tube; a drill bit, which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first rotating shaft (8); A first drive device, the first drive device is fixedly connected to the top frame (3), the first drive device is drive-connected with the upper end of the first shaft (8), and the first drive device is The first rotating shaft (8) drives the drill bit to rotate. 2. The geotechnical sampling mechanical device for civil engineering according to claim 1, wherein the sampling pipe comprises a second driving device, a vertically arranged first sampling pipe (13) and a vertically arranged second sampling pipe A sampling tube (14), the upper and lower ends of the first sampling tube (13) are penetrating, the upper and lower ends of the second sampling tube (14) are closed, and the second sampling tube (14) is rotatably arranged on the first sampling tube (14). In a sampling tube (13), the upper end of the second sampling tube (14) extends out of the first sampling tube (13), and is connected with the second driving device in a driving manner, and is driven by the second driving device The second sampling tube (14) rotates in the first sampling tube (13), and the first rotating shaft (8) is rotatably arranged in the second sampling tube (14); the sampling window includes a second sampling tube (14). A sampling port (15) and a second sampling port (18), the first sampling port (15) is provided on the first sampling pipe (13) and penetrates the tube of the first sampling pipe (13) The second sampling pipe (14) is provided with the second sampling port (18) and penetrates the pipe wall of the second sampling pipe (14), and the second driving device drives the second sampling pipe (14). When the sampling pipe (14) is rotated so that the second sampling port (18) is communicated with the first sampling port (15), the soil sample in the soil layer passes through the first sampling port (15) and the second sampling port A port (18) enters the second sampling tube (14). 3 . The mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering according to claim 2 , wherein a vertically arranged inner casing ( 20 ) is provided in the second sampling pipe ( 14 ), and the inner casing A sampling cavity is formed between the outer wall of (20) and the inner wall of the second sampling tube (14), and a plurality of spaced-apart an annular partition (19), the sampling chamber is divided into a plurality of sampling chambers (22) by a plurality of the annular partitions (19), each of the sampling chambers (22) is connected to at least one of the second sampling chambers The port (18) is communicated, and the first rotating shaft (8) is rotatably arranged in the inner sleeve (20). 4 . The geotechnical sampling mechanical device for civil engineering according to claim 3 , wherein the end surfaces of the upper and lower ends of the inner sleeve ( 20 ) are provided with bearings ( 21 ), and the first rotating shaft ( 4 . 8) The rotation is provided in the inner sleeve (20), and the upper and lower ends of the first rotating shaft (8) rotate through the corresponding bearing (21) respectively. 5. The mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that, the outer wall of the first sampling pipe (13) is provided with a plurality of samples corresponding to the annular partition plate (19). Separation mark (23). 6. The geotechnical sampling mechanical device for civil engineering according to claim 1, wherein the first drive device comprises a first motor (6) and a first reducer (7), and the first motor ( 6) fixedly connected to the upper surface of the top frame (3), the first reducer (7) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top frame (3), the output end of the first motor (6) Rotating through the top frame (3) and drivingly connected with the input end of the first reducer (7), the upper end of the first shaft (8) is driven with the output end of the first reducer (7) connected, the first motor (6) drives the first shaft (8) to rotate through the first reducer (7). 7. The geotechnical sampling mechanical device for civil engineering according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein the second driving device comprises a second motor (9), a second reducer (10), a ring The annular toothed plate (11) and the main toothed plate (12), the annular toothed plate (11) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the upper end of the second sampling pipe (14), and the second motor (9) is fixed Connected to the lower surface of the top frame (3), the output end of the second motor (9) is drivingly connected with the input end of the second reducer (10), and the shaft of the main gear plate (12) A second rotating shaft is fixed at the center, one end of the second rotating shaft is drivingly connected with the output end of the second reducer (10), and the second motor (9) passes through the second reducer (10) and the output end of the second reducer (10). The second rotating shaft drives the main toothed plate (12) to rotate, the main toothed plate (12) and the annular toothed plate (11) are engaged, and the main toothed plate (12) and the annular toothed The cooperation of the disc (11) drives the second sampling tube (14) to rotate. 8. The geotechnical sampling mechanical device for civil engineering according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the drill bit comprises a conical drill bit (16) and a cylindrical drill bit (17), the conical drill bit (16) is provided with an annular cutting edge, the cylindrical drill bit (17) is provided with an inclined cutting edge, the tip of the conical drill bit (16) faces vertically downward, and the circular The end is integrally formed with one end of the cylindrical drill bit (17), and the other end of the cylindrical drill bit (17) is integrally formed with the lower end of the first rotating shaft (8). 9. The mechanical device for geotechnical sampling for civil engineering according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that it further comprises at least two bases (1), a plurality of the bases (1) and a plurality of the bases (1) The hydraulic telescopic rods (2) are in one-to-one correspondence, and the base (1) is fixedly connected to the lower end corresponding to the hydraulic telescopic rods (2). 10 . The geotechnical sampling mechanical device for civil engineering according to claim 9 , wherein a collar ( 4 ) is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the base ( 1 ), and a collar ( 4 ) is provided with an inner There are pins (5).

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