CN210934467U - Internal circulating fluidized bed coupled heat exchanger integrated desulfurization and denitrification device - Google Patents
Internal circulating fluidized bed coupled heat exchanger integrated desulfurization and denitrification device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940005991 chloric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置,包括:热交换器,用于烟气和还原剂的热交换;装有催化剂的内循环流化床反应器,顶部设有烟气出口,内部通过竖向设置的隔板划分为循环连通的吸附区和还原区,所述吸附区靠近底部的侧壁开口与所述热交换器的烟气出口连接,所述还原区靠近底部的侧壁开口与所述热交换器的还原剂出口连接,吸附区烟气入口处和还原区还原剂入口处均设有用于均匀布气的多孔板,所述吸附区和还原区的侧壁均设有氧传感器、温度传感器和压力传感器。本实用新型可实现同步脱硫脱硝效率70%以上,解决了过量的氧对催化还原过程的抑制问题,以及还原产物硫单质对催化剂的中毒问题。
The utility model discloses an integrated desulfurization and denitration device coupled with an internal circulating fluidized bed coupled with a heat exchanger, comprising: a heat exchanger for heat exchange between flue gas and a reducing agent; an internal circulating fluidized bed reactor equipped with a catalyst The top is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the interior is divided into a cyclically connected adsorption zone and a reduction zone by a vertically arranged partition. The side wall opening of the adsorption zone near the bottom is connected to the flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger, so The opening of the side wall near the bottom of the reduction zone is connected to the reducing agent outlet of the heat exchanger, and perforated plates for uniform gas distribution are provided at the inlet of the flue gas in the adsorption zone and at the inlet of the reducing agent in the reduction zone. Oxygen sensor, temperature sensor and pressure sensor are arranged on the side wall of the reduction zone. The utility model can realize the synchronous desulfurization and denitration efficiency of more than 70%, and solves the problem of excessive oxygen inhibiting the catalytic reduction process and the poisoning of the catalyst by the reduction product sulfur element.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及烟气处理技术领域,具体涉及一种内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置。The utility model relates to the technical field of flue gas treatment, in particular to an integrated desulfurization and denitration device with an inner circulating fluidized bed coupled with a heat exchanger.
背景技术Background technique
复合型大气污染是当前国内外科学研究的重点问题,也是影响我国公众生产和生活的热点社会问题。硫氧化物(SOx)和氮氧化物(NOx)是大气中二次颗粒物和臭氧的重要前体物,主要来源于火力发电厂、采暖锅炉、化工厂等固定排放源和汽车、飞机等移动排放源。Compound air pollution is a key issue of current scientific research at home and abroad, and it is also a hot social issue affecting the production and life of the public in my country. Sulfur oxides (SO x ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are important precursors of secondary particulate matter and ozone in the atmosphere, mainly from stationary emission sources such as thermal power plants, heating boilers, chemical plants, automobiles, airplanes, etc. Mobile emission sources.
现有烟气(或尾气)脱硫脱硝多采取分级治理方式,即在不同的处理装置中分别脱硫和脱硝。脱硫方法包括干法脱硫和湿法脱硫等,干法脱硫技术因占地面积小、效率较高而得到广泛的应用。选择性催化还原(SCR)是一种广泛应用的脱硝技术,它利用还原剂(主要是NH3)在催化剂(V2O5-WO3/TiO2)的作用下,还原NOx为氮气。The existing flue gas (or tail gas) desulfurization and denitrification mostly adopts a hierarchical treatment method, that is, desulfurization and denitrification are respectively performed in different treatment devices. Desulfurization methods include dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization. Dry desulfurization technology is widely used due to its small footprint and high efficiency. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a widely used denitration technology, which utilizes a reducing agent (mainly NH 3 ) under the action of a catalyst (V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 ) to reduce NO x to nitrogen.
虽然现阶段分级单独脱硝和脱硫的技术已经比较成熟,然而分级治理的方式存在投资和运行费用高、占用面积大及烟气(或尾气)治理系统复杂等缺点。因此开发一体化的脱硫脱硝技术已经成为当下的热点。Although the technology of separate denitrification and desulfurization by grading is relatively mature at this stage, the method of grading treatment has disadvantages such as high investment and operating costs, large occupation area and complex flue gas (or tail gas) treatment system. Therefore, the development of integrated desulfurization and denitrification technology has become a current hotspot.
目前已经研究的一体化脱硫脱硝技术主要是湿法同时脱硫脱硝工艺,如氯酸氧化法等。湿法同时脱硫脱硝工艺存在吸收液的二次处理和污染,同时设备易腐蚀和能耗高等问题。所以有必要开发新型干法一体化脱硫脱硝技术。The integrated desulfurization and denitrification technologies that have been studied so far are mainly wet simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification processes, such as chloric acid oxidation. The wet simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process has the problems of secondary treatment and pollution of the absorption liquid, at the same time, the equipment is easy to corrode and the energy consumption is high. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new dry integrated desulfurization and denitrification technology.
上世纪60年代,美国雪佛龙(Chevron)公司率先开展了干法一体化脱硫脱硝的研究,研究得到在固定床反应器中Cu/Al2O3催化剂上CO可同步催化还原SO2和NOx为硫单质和N2。然而,由于烟气(或尾气)中过量的氧(大于4vol%)对催化还原过程的抑制问题无法解决,限制了该技术的工业化应用。In the 1960s, Chevron Corporation of the United States took the lead in carrying out the research of dry integrated desulfurization and denitrification. The study found that CO can simultaneously catalytically reduce SO 2 and NO on Cu/Al 2 O 3 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. x is elemental sulfur and N 2 . However, the problem of inhibiting the catalytic reduction process due to excess oxygen (greater than 4 vol%) in the flue gas (or tail gas) cannot be solved, which limits the industrial application of this technology.
实用新型内容Utility model content
针对本领域存在的不足之处,以及过量的氧对催化还原过程的抑制问题,本实用新型提供了一种内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置,可高效节能地同步催化还原SO2和NOx。Aiming at the deficiencies in the art and the problem of excessive oxygen inhibiting the catalytic reduction process, the utility model provides an integrated desulfurization and denitration device with an inner circulating fluidized bed coupled with a heat exchanger, which can synchronous catalytic reduction with high efficiency and energy saving. SO 2 and NO x .
一种内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置,包括:An integrated desulfurization and denitrification device with an internal circulating fluidized bed coupled heat exchanger, comprising:
热交换器,用于烟气和还原剂的热交换;heat exchanger for heat exchange of flue gas and reducing agent;
装有催化剂的内循环流化床反应器,顶部设有烟气出口,内部通过竖向设置的隔板划分为循环连通的吸附区和还原区,所述吸附区靠近底部的侧壁开口与所述热交换器的烟气出口连接,所述还原区靠近底部的侧壁开口与所述热交换器的还原剂出口连接,吸附区烟气入口处和还原区还原剂入口处均设有用于均匀布气的多孔板,所述吸附区和还原区的侧壁均设有氧传感器、温度传感器和压力传感器。The internal circulating fluidized bed reactor equipped with catalyst has a flue gas outlet at the top, and the interior is divided into an adsorption zone and a reduction zone that are circulated and communicated by a vertically arranged partition. The flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger is connected, the side wall opening near the bottom of the reduction zone is connected to the reductant outlet of the heat exchanger, and the flue gas inlet of the adsorption zone and the reductant inlet of the reduction zone are equipped with uniform In the porous plate for gas distribution, oxygen sensors, temperature sensors and pressure sensors are provided on the side walls of the adsorption zone and the reduction zone.
本实用新型采用内循环流化床取代传统的固定床作为催化反应器,采用内置隔板将内循环流化床分隔成两个相通的反应区(吸附区和还原区),将烟气与还原剂分别注入吸附区和还原区,通过调整涉及烟气流量和还原剂流量可控制催化剂的循环速率以及吸附区和还原区内的氧浓度分布。在高氧浓度的吸附区,催化剂可同时吸附SO2和NOx;在低氧浓度的还原区,还原剂可快速同时催化还原吸附的SO2和NOx为硫单质和N2,其中产物N2与处理后的烟气通过内循环流化床顶部的排气出口排放,产物硫单质在内循环流化床反应器内呈液态,通过多孔板及时排出并流入内循环流化床底部收集。本实用新型解决了高氧浓度、液态硫单质等对同步催化还原脱硫脱硝反应的抑制问题,实现同步一体化脱硫脱硝的目的。The utility model adopts the inner circulating fluidized bed to replace the traditional fixed bed as the catalytic reactor, adopts the built-in baffle to separate the inner circulating fluidized bed into two connected reaction zones (adsorption zone and reduction zone), and separates the flue gas and the reduction zone. The catalyst is injected into the adsorption zone and the reduction zone respectively, and the circulation rate of the catalyst and the oxygen concentration distribution in the adsorption zone and the reduction zone can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate of the flue gas and the reducing agent. In the adsorption zone of high oxygen concentration, the catalyst can simultaneously adsorb SO 2 and NO x ; in the reduction zone of low oxygen concentration, the reducing agent can rapidly and simultaneously reduce the adsorbed SO 2 and NO x to sulfur element and N 2 , wherein the product N 2 and the treated flue gas are discharged through the exhaust outlet at the top of the internal circulating fluidized bed, and the product sulfur element is liquid in the internal circulating fluidized bed reactor, and is discharged in time through the porous plate and flows into the bottom of the internal circulating fluidized bed for collection. The utility model solves the problem of inhibition of synchronous catalytic reduction desulfurization and denitration reaction by high oxygen concentration and liquid sulfur element, and realizes the purpose of synchronously integrated desulfurization and denitration.
温度越高,气体在催化剂表面的吸附能力会越差。本实用新型采用热交换器进行烟气和还原剂的热交换,降低进入吸附区的烟气温度、提高进入还原区的还原剂温度,从而分别提高SO2和NOx的吸附和还原效果,达到高效节能的目的。The higher the temperature, the worse the adsorption capacity of the gas on the catalyst surface. The utility model adopts a heat exchanger to conduct heat exchange between the flue gas and the reducing agent, reduces the temperature of the flue gas entering the adsorption zone, and increases the temperature of the reducing agent entering the reducing zone, so as to improve the adsorption and reduction effects of SO 2 and NO X respectively, and achieve The purpose of high efficiency and energy saving.
作为优选,所述内循环流化床反应器为圆柱形。进一步优选,所述内循环流化床反应器的高径比为8~12:1。Preferably, the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor is cylindrical. Further preferably, the height-diameter ratio of the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor is 8-12:1.
为了实现更好地吸附、还原平衡以及氧含量的分布控制,作为优选,所述吸附区与还原区的体积比为3~5:1。In order to achieve better adsorption, reduction balance and distribution control of oxygen content, preferably, the volume ratio of the adsorption zone to the reduction zone is 3-5:1.
作为优选,所述内循环流化床反应器内底部中间处设有催化剂收集室,位于吸附区和还原区下方,所述催化剂收集室顶面设有催化剂收集阀,底面设有催化剂排出阀。催化剂收集室用于收集并排出中毒、失活的催化剂,方便更换新催化剂。Preferably, a catalyst collection chamber is provided in the middle of the inner bottom of the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor, below the adsorption zone and the reduction zone, a catalyst collection valve is provided on the top surface of the catalyst collection chamber, and a catalyst discharge valve is provided on the bottom surface. The catalyst collection chamber is used to collect and discharge poisoned and deactivated catalysts, so as to facilitate the replacement of new catalysts.
通过调节隔板顶端和底端留出的间隙大小,可进一步控制吸附区和还原区的氧含量分布,作为优选,所述隔板顶端和所述内循环流化床反应器顶面之间的距离与所述内循环流化床反应器高度之比为3~6:100;By adjusting the size of the gap left at the top and bottom of the separator, the distribution of oxygen content in the adsorption zone and the reduction zone can be further controlled. The ratio of the distance to the height of the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor is 3 to 6:100;
所述隔板底端和所述催化剂收集室顶面之间的距离与所述内循环流化床反应器高度之比为3~6:100。The ratio of the distance between the bottom end of the partition plate and the top surface of the catalyst collection chamber to the height of the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor is 3-6:100.
SO2还原产物硫单质在还原反应条件下呈液态,液态硫单质的过度积累会导致催化剂中毒而快速失活,作为优选,所述多孔板底端与所述催化剂收集室侧壁固定连接,顶端与所述内循环流化床反应器侧壁固定连接,所述多孔板、催化剂收集室侧壁以及内循环流化床反应器侧壁和底面围成单质硫收集室;The sulfur element of the SO 2 reduction product is in a liquid state under the reduction reaction conditions, and the excessive accumulation of the liquid sulfur element will lead to poisoning and rapid deactivation of the catalyst. Preferably, the bottom end of the porous plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the catalyst collection chamber, and the top It is fixedly connected with the side wall of the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor, and the perforated plate, the side wall of the catalyst collection chamber, the side wall and the bottom surface of the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor enclose an elemental sulfur collection chamber;
所述单质硫收集室底面设有单质硫排出阀,方便单质硫的及时排出。The elemental sulfur collection chamber is provided with an elemental sulfur discharge valve on the bottom surface, which facilitates the timely discharge of elemental sulfur.
进一步优选,所述多孔板倾斜设置,底端与所述催化剂收集室侧壁顶端固定连接,顶端与所述内循环流化床反应器烟气或还原剂入口上方的侧壁固定连接,避免了液体硫单质在吸附区或还原区的积累,有利于硫单质的排出。Further preferably, the perforated plate is inclined, the bottom end is fixedly connected with the top end of the side wall of the catalyst collection chamber, and the top end is fixedly connected with the side wall above the inlet of the flue gas or reducing agent of the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor, which avoids the need for a The accumulation of liquid sulfur in the adsorption zone or reduction zone is beneficial to the discharge of sulfur.
作为优选,所述催化剂的质量与内循环流化床反应器的体积之比为20~40kg:1m3。Preferably, the ratio of the mass of the catalyst to the volume of the inner circulating fluidized bed reactor is 20-40 kg:1 m 3 .
作为优选,所述吸附区顶面设有催化剂加入阀,有利于加入的新鲜催化剂直接进入吸附区进行吸附。Preferably, a catalyst adding valve is provided on the top surface of the adsorption zone, which is beneficial for the fresh catalyst added to directly enter the adsorption zone for adsorption.
所述的内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置运行时的工艺流程包括步骤:The process flow of the internal circulating fluidized bed coupled heat exchanger integrated desulfurization and denitrification device during operation includes the steps:
(1)含有SO2和NOx的高温烟气和还原剂在热交换器内进行热交换后温度均为200~300℃,然后分别进入吸附区和还原区,烟气经过吸附区内的催化剂后通过烟气出口排出,同时SO2和NOx与吸附区内的催化剂接触并被吸附;(1) The high temperature flue gas and reducing agent containing SO 2 and NO x are both 200-300 °C after heat exchange in the heat exchanger, and then enter the adsorption zone and the reduction zone respectively, and the flue gas passes through the catalyst in the adsorption zone. Then, it is discharged through the flue gas outlet, and at the same time, SO 2 and NO x are in contact with the catalyst in the adsorption zone and are adsorbed;
(2)吸附区内吸附有SO2和NOx的催化剂在气流带动下越过隔板进入还原区,吸附在催化剂表面的SO2和NOx被进入还原区的还原剂还原为液态的单质硫和N2,单质硫通过多孔板进入单质硫收集室,N2随着气流通过隔板下方间隙回流至吸附区与进入的烟气混合;(2) The catalyst adsorbed with SO 2 and NO x in the adsorption zone crosses the separator and enters the reduction zone under the driving of the airflow, and the SO 2 and NO x adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst are reduced by the reducing agent entering the reduction zone into liquid elemental sulfur and N 2 , elemental sulfur enters the elemental sulfur collection chamber through the porous plate, and N 2 flows back to the adsorption zone through the gap under the separator with the airflow to mix with the incoming flue gas;
(3)气流带动下,经过还原反应、表面SO2和NOx脱附完全的催化剂通过隔板下方间隙回流至吸附区进入下一轮的SO2和NOx吸附;(3) Driven by the airflow, the catalyst that has undergone the reduction reaction, the surface SO 2 and NO x desorption is completely desorbed, and flows back to the adsorption zone through the gap under the separator to enter the next round of SO 2 and NO x adsorption;
(4)循环步骤(1)~(3),实现内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝。(4) Circulation steps (1) to (3), realize the integrated desulfurization and denitrification of the inner circulating fluidized bed coupled with the heat exchanger.
作为优选,烟气流量与还原剂流量比为1~2:1;Preferably, the ratio of flue gas flow to reducing agent flow is 1 to 2:1;
吸附区烟气停留时间为5~20s,SO2浓度为400~1000ppm,NOx浓度为300~500ppm,氧浓度为5~10vol%;The residence time of flue gas in the adsorption zone is 5-20s, the concentration of SO 2 is 400-1000ppm, the concentration of NOx is 300-500ppm, and the concentration of oxygen is 5-10vol%;
还原区还原剂停留时间为3~6s,还原剂浓度为1~3vol%,氧浓度为1~4vol%。The residence time of the reducing agent in the reduction zone is 3-6 s, the concentration of the reducing agent is 1-3 vol%, and the oxygen concentration is 1-4 vol%.
通过调整烟气和还原剂流量控制催化剂的循环速率,以及吸附区和还原区的氧浓度,在高氧含量(5~10vol%)的吸附区增强SO2和NOx与催化剂的气固相吸附,在低氧含量(1~4vol%)的还原区提高还原剂催化还原SO2和NOx的效率。By adjusting the flow rate of flue gas and reducing agent to control the circulation rate of the catalyst, as well as the oxygen concentration in the adsorption zone and the reduction zone, the gas - solid adsorption of SO2 and NOx with the catalyst is enhanced in the adsorption zone with high oxygen content (5-10 vol%) , in the reduction zone with low oxygen content (1-4 vol%), the efficiency of the reducing agent for catalytic reduction of SO 2 and NO x is improved.
作为优选,所述还原剂为H2、CO或烃类。NH3等碱性还原剂易于与SO2发生酸碱反应形成硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐,导致SO2无法被还原。Preferably, the reducing agent is H 2 , CO or hydrocarbons. Alkaline reducing agents such as NH3 are easy to react with SO2 to form sulfate or sulfite, resulting in the inability of SO2 to be reduced.
所述催化剂应对SO2和NOx具有优异的吸附能力,以及对SO2和NOx的高效催化还原性能。作为优选,所述催化剂为负载型过渡金属氧化物和/或稀土-过渡金属复合氧化物。The catalyst should have excellent adsorption capacity for SO 2 and NO x , and high-efficiency catalytic reduction performance for SO 2 and NO x . Preferably, the catalyst is a supported transition metal oxide and/or a rare earth-transition metal composite oxide.
本实用新型与现有技术相比,主要优点包括:本实用新型可实现同步脱硫脱硝效率70%以上,热交换器可降低能耗15%~20%,解决了过量的氧对催化还原过程的抑制问题,以及还原产物硫单质对催化剂的中毒问题。Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following main advantages: the utility model can realize the synchronous desulfurization and denitration efficiency of over 70%, the heat exchanger can reduce the energy consumption by 15% to 20%, and solve the problem of excessive oxygen on the catalytic reduction process. The problem of inhibition, and the poisoning of the catalyst by the reduction product sulfur element.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例的内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置的结构示意图;1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated desulfurization and denitrification device with an internal circulating fluidized bed coupled heat exchanger according to an embodiment;
图中:1-热交换器的还原剂入口,2-热交换器的烟气入口、3-热交换器的还原剂出口,4-热交换器的烟气出口,5-吸附区烟气入口,6-还原区还原剂入口,7-内循环流化床反应器烟气出口,8-颗粒状催化剂的循环流动方向,9-热交换器,10-内循环流化床反应器,11-单质硫收集室,12-催化剂收集室,13-催化剂收集室排出阀,14-催化剂收集室收集阀,15-单质硫排出阀,16-多孔板,17-氧传感器,18-温度传感器,19-压力传感器,20-隔板,21-催化剂加入阀,22-吸附区,23-还原区。In the figure: 1- the reductant inlet of the heat exchanger, 2- the flue gas inlet of the heat exchanger, 3- the reductant outlet of the heat exchanger, 4- the flue gas outlet of the heat exchanger, 5- the flue gas inlet of the adsorption zone , 6- reduction zone reducing agent inlet, 7- internal circulating fluidized bed reactor flue gas outlet, 8- circulating flow direction of granular catalyst, 9- heat exchanger, 10- internal circulating fluidized bed reactor, 11- Elemental sulfur collection chamber, 12-catalyst collection chamber, 13-catalyst collection chamber discharge valve, 14-catalyst collection chamber collection valve, 15-elemental sulfur discharge valve, 16-porous plate, 17-oxygen sensor, 18-temperature sensor, 19 - Pressure sensor, 20 - Separator, 21 - Catalyst addition valve, 22 - Adsorption zone, 23 - Reduction zone.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图及具体实施例,进一步阐述本实用新型。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本实用新型而不用于限制本实用新型的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的操作方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。The present utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. The operation method without specifying the specific conditions in the following examples is usually in accordance with the conventional conditions, or in accordance with the conditions suggested by the manufacturer.
本实施例的内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置,包括:热交换器9和内循环流化床反应器10。内循环流化床反应器10为圆柱形,高径比为10:1。The integrated desulfurization and denitrification device with an internal circulating fluidized bed coupled with a heat exchanger in this embodiment includes: a
内循环流化床反应器10内部通过竖向设置的隔板20划分为循环连通的吸附区22和还原区23,吸附区22和还原区23的体积比为3~5:1,吸附区22和还原区23内均装有颗粒状催化剂,催化剂的质量与内循环流化床反应器10的有效体积之比为30kg:1m3。催化剂为负载型过渡金属氧化物或稀土-过渡金属复合氧化物The interior of the internal circulating
内循环流化床反应器10内位于吸附区22和还原区23下方的中间设有催化剂收集室12。隔板20顶端和内循环流化床反应器10顶面之间的距离H与内循环流化床反应器10高度之比为1:20,隔板20底端和催化剂收集室12顶面之间的距离h与内循环流化床反应器10高度之比为1:20。隔板20两侧边与内循环流化床反应器10侧壁固定连接,连接处完全密封,吸附区22和还原区23只通过隔板20顶端和内循环流化床反应器10顶面之间的间隙、以及隔板20顶端和催化剂收集室12顶面之间的间隙连通循环。A
催化剂收集室12平行于隔板20的两侧壁同样与内循环流化床反应器10侧壁固定连接,连接处完全密封,且垂直于隔板20方向的长度小于内循环流化床反应器10宽度。The two side walls of the
吸附区22一侧的内循环流化床反应器10侧壁上靠近底部处设有吸附区烟气入口5,位于吸附区烟气入口5上方设有氧传感器17、温度传感器18和压力传感器19。吸附区22一侧的内循环流化床反应器10顶面设有催化剂加入阀21和烟气出口7。The side wall of the internal circulating
还原区23一侧的内循环流化床反应器10侧壁上靠近底部处设有还原区还原剂入口6,位于还原区还原剂入口6上方设有氧传感器17、温度传感器18和压力传感器19。The side wall of the inner circulating
吸附区烟气入口处附近和还原区还原剂入口处附近分别倾斜设置有多孔板16,多孔板16孔径小于催化剂粒径。多孔板16两侧边与内循环流化床反应器10侧壁固定连接,多孔板16顶端与内循环流化床反应器10烟气入口或还原剂入口上方的侧壁固定连接,底端与催化剂收集室12侧壁顶端固定连接,各连接处完全密封。
吸附区22和还原区23的多孔板16分别与催化剂收集室12侧壁以及内循环流化床反应器10侧壁和底面围成两个独立位于催化剂收集室12两侧的单质硫收集室11。单质硫收集室11底面设有单质硫排出阀15。The
催化剂收集室12顶面设有催化剂收集阀14,底面设有催化剂排出阀13。A
热交换器9用于烟气和还原剂的热交换。烟气从烟气入口2进入热交换器9,从烟气出口4流出,进入吸附区烟气入口5。还原剂从还原剂入口1进入热交换器,从还原剂出口3流出,进入还原区还原剂入口6。
使用上述内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置进行一体化脱硫脱硝,工艺流程包括步骤:Using the above-mentioned integrated desulfurization and denitrification device with an internal circulating fluidized bed coupled with a heat exchanger to carry out integrated desulfurization and denitrification, the technological process includes the steps:
(1)含有SO2和NOx的高温烟气和还原剂在热交换器9内进行热交换后温度均为200~300℃,然后分别进入吸附区22和还原区23,烟气经过吸附区22内的催化剂后通过烟气出口7排出,同时SO2和NOx与吸附区22内的催化剂接触并被吸附;(1) The high temperature flue gas and reducing agent containing SO 2 and NO x are both 200-300 °C after heat exchange in the
(2)吸附区22内吸附有SO2和NOx的催化剂在气流带动下按颗粒状催化剂的循环流动方向8越过隔板20进入还原区23,吸附在催化剂表面的SO2和NOx被进入还原区23的还原剂还原为液态的单质硫和气态N2,单质硫通过多孔板16进入单质硫收集室11,N2随着气流通过隔板20下方间隙回流至吸附区22与进入的烟气混合后从烟气出口7排出;(2) The catalyst adsorbed with SO 2 and NO x in the
(3)气流带动下,经过还原反应、表面SO2和NOx脱附完全的催化剂通过隔板20下方间隙回流至吸附区进入下一轮的SO2和NOx吸附;(3) Driven by the airflow, the catalyst that has undergone the reduction reaction, the surface SO 2 and NO x desorption is completely desorbed, and flows back to the adsorption zone through the gap below the
(4)循环步骤(1)~(3),实现内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝。(4) Circulation steps (1) to (3), realize the integrated desulfurization and denitrification of the inner circulating fluidized bed coupled with the heat exchanger.
使用上述内循环流化床耦合热交换器一体化脱硫脱硝装置进行一体化脱硫脱硝应用如下:The application of integrated desulfurization and denitrification using the above-mentioned internal circulating fluidized bed coupled heat exchanger integrated desulfurization and denitrification device is as follows:
应用例1Application example 1
烟气流量为50L/min,温度为380℃,其中SO2浓度为500ppm,NOx浓度为500ppm,含氧量约8vol%,通过热交换器降温至300℃后送入吸附区(氧浓度8vol%),烟气在吸附区的停留时间为18s,和吸附区装填的催化剂接触吸附后,催化剂移动至还原区(氧浓度3vol%)。还原气体为氢气和氮气的混合气,流量为40L/min,温度为250℃,氢气浓度为0.05vol%,通过热交换器升温至300℃,还原剂在还原区的停留时间为6s,SO2和NOx的去除率分别为75%和80%。 The flue gas flow is 50L/min, the temperature is 380℃, the SO2 concentration is 500ppm, the NOx concentration is 500ppm, and the oxygen content is about 8vol%. %), the residence time of the flue gas in the adsorption zone is 18s, and after contacting and adsorbing with the catalyst loaded in the adsorption zone, the catalyst moves to the reduction zone (oxygen concentration 3vol%). The reducing gas is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, the flow rate is 40L/min, the temperature is 250°C, the hydrogen concentration is 0.05vol%, and the temperature is raised to 300°C through a heat exchanger, the residence time of the reducing agent in the reduction zone is 6s, SO2 and NOx removal rates were 75% and 80%, respectively.
应用例2Application example 2
烟气流量为75L/min,温度为380℃,其中SO2浓度为500ppm,NOx浓度为500ppm,含氧量约8.7vol%,通过热交换器降温至300℃后送入吸附区(氧浓度8.7vol%),烟气在吸附区的停留时间为12s,和吸附区装填的催化剂接触吸附后,催化剂移动至还原区(氧浓度3.2vol%)。还原气体为氢气和氮气的混合气,流量为50L/min,温度为250℃,氢气浓度为0.05vol%,通过热交换器升温至300℃,还原剂在还原区的停留时间为4.8s,SO2和NOx的去除率分别为72%和75%。The flue gas flow rate is 75L/min, the temperature is 380℃, the SO2 concentration is 500ppm, the NOx concentration is 500ppm, and the oxygen content is about 8.7vol %. 8.7vol%), the residence time of the flue gas in the adsorption zone was 12s, and after contacting and adsorbing with the catalyst loaded in the adsorption zone, the catalyst moved to the reduction zone (oxygen concentration 3.2vol%). The reducing gas is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, the flow rate is 50L/min, the temperature is 250℃, the hydrogen concentration is 0.05vol%, the temperature is raised to 300℃ through a heat exchanger, the residence time of the reducing agent in the reducing zone is 4.8s, the SO2 The removal rates of 2 and NOx were 72% and 75%, respectively.
应用例3Application example 3
烟气流量为75L/min,温度为380℃,其中SO2浓度为400ppm,NOx浓度为400ppm,含氧量约8.5vol%,通过热交换器降温至300℃后送入吸附区(氧浓度8.5vol%),烟气在吸附区的停留时间为12s,和吸附区装填的催化剂接触吸附后,催化剂移动至还原区(氧浓度3.5vol%)。还原气体为氢气和氮气的混合气,流量为40L/min,温度为250℃,氢气浓度为0.05vol%,通过热交换器升温至300℃,还原剂在还原区的停留时间为6s,SO2和NOx的去除率分别为71%和73%。The flue gas flow rate is 75L/min, the temperature is 380℃, the SO2 concentration is 400ppm, the NOx concentration is 400ppm, and the oxygen content is about 8.5vol %. 8.5vol%), the residence time of the flue gas in the adsorption zone is 12s, and after contacting and adsorbing with the catalyst loaded in the adsorption zone, the catalyst moves to the reduction zone (oxygen concentration 3.5vol%). The reducing gas is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, the flow rate is 40L/min, the temperature is 250°C, the hydrogen concentration is 0.05vol%, and the temperature is raised to 300°C through a heat exchanger, the residence time of the reducing agent in the reduction zone is 6s, SO2 and NOx removal rates were 71% and 73%, respectively.
应用例4Application example 4
烟气流量为75L/min,温度为380℃,其中SO2浓度为500ppm,NOx浓度为500ppm,含氧量约8.2vol%,通过热交换器降温至300℃后送入吸附区(氧浓度8.2vol%),烟气在吸附区的停留时间为12s,和吸附区装填的催化剂接触吸附后,催化剂移动至还原区(氧浓度2.5vol%)。还原气体为氢气和氮气的混合气,流量为75L/min,温度为250℃,氢气浓度为0.05vol%,通过热交换器升温至300℃,还原剂在还原区的停留时间为3.2s,SO2和NOx的去除率分别为78%和83%。The flue gas flow rate is 75L/min, the temperature is 380℃, the SO2 concentration is 500ppm, the NOx concentration is 500ppm, and the oxygen content is about 8.2vol %. 8.2vol%), the residence time of the flue gas in the adsorption zone is 12s, and after contacting and adsorbing with the catalyst loaded in the adsorption zone, the catalyst moves to the reduction zone (oxygen concentration 2.5vol%). The reducing gas is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen, the flow rate is 75L/min, the temperature is 250℃, the hydrogen concentration is 0.05vol%, and the temperature is raised to 300℃ through a heat exchanger. The residence time of the reducing agent in the reducing zone is 3.2s, the SO2 The removal rates of 2 and NOx were 78% and 83%, respectively.
应用例5Application example 5
烟气流量为75L/min,温度为380℃,其中SO2浓度为500ppm,NOx浓度为500ppm,含氧量约8.2vol%,通过热交换器降温至300℃后送入吸附区(氧浓度8.2vol%),烟气在吸附区的停留时间为12s,和吸附区装填的催化剂接触吸附后,催化剂移动至还原区(氧浓度2.5vol%)。还原气体为CO和氮气的混合气,流量为75L/min,温度为250℃,CO浓度为0.1vol%,通过热交换器升温至300℃,还原剂在还原区的停留时间为3.2s,SO2和NOx的去除率分别为75%和80%。The flue gas flow rate is 75L/min, the temperature is 380℃, the SO2 concentration is 500ppm, the NOx concentration is 500ppm, and the oxygen content is about 8.2vol %. 8.2vol%), the residence time of the flue gas in the adsorption zone is 12s, and after contacting and adsorbing with the catalyst loaded in the adsorption zone, the catalyst moves to the reduction zone (oxygen concentration 2.5vol%). The reducing gas is a mixture of CO and nitrogen, the flow rate is 75L/min, the temperature is 250 °C, the CO concentration is 0.1 vol%, and the temperature is raised to 300 °C through a heat exchanger, the residence time of the reducing agent in the reduction zone is 3.2s, SO The removal rates of 2 and NOx were 75% and 80%, respectively.
此外应理解,在阅读了本实用新型的上述描述内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本实用新型作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。In addition, it should be understood that after reading the above description of the present utility model, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present utility model, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.
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