Portable graphite electrode electric heater
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, especially, relate to a portable graphite electrode electric heater.
Background
In an electrolytic furnace, particularly an electrolytic furnace for preparing rare earth metal by electrolyzing rare earth oxide, when graphite electrodes are consumed in the operation process of the electrolytic furnace and the graphite electrodes are consumed to a certain thickness, the old electrodes need to be detached and replaced by new anodes, the electrodes are replaced under the condition of not stopping the furnace in the whole replacement process, and the temperature of the whole furnace is reduced by about 45 ℃ because the new anodes are replaced at room temperature. Taking praseodymium-neodymium rare earth metal produced by electrolysis as an example, the temperature in the electrolysis process is the best in the electrolysis process of 1053 ℃ and 30 ℃, if the furnace temperature before the graphite electrode anode is replaced is 1023 ℃ below the lower limit, the furnace temperature after the new graphite electrode anode is replaced is reduced to about 978 ℃ which is lower than the normal electrolysis temperature, the condition of the electrolysis furnace is greatly influenced, sometimes the electrolysis current is not added, the electrolysis reaction is slowed down, the heat emitted by the electrolysis reaction is less than the heat emitted by the electrolysis furnace to the outside, so that the furnace temperature is continuously reduced, the furnace condition is worsened, the electrolyte is thickened, and the electrolysis reaction is terminated.
Therefore, a movable graphite electrode electric heater which has reasonable structural design, can preheat a graphite electrode in advance, improves the installation temperature of the graphite electrode and further ensures the furnace temperature is needed to overcome the difficulties.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model provides a structural design is reasonable, can preheat the graphite electrode in advance, improves the installation temperature of graphite electrode, and then guarantees the portable graphite electrode electric heater of furnace temperature.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme that the movable graphite electrode electric heater comprises a base, a heating box, an upper mounting clamp for placing a graphite electrode, an upper electrode connecting copper bar, a lower electrode connecting copper bar and a controller for controlling the power supply on-off and current voltage;
the lower end of the base is fixed with a roller;
the heating box is fixed on the base;
the upper mounting fixture comprises an isolation support plate, a bent arm clamp and a fixture block; the isolation support plate is vertically fixed in the heating box, the bent arm clamp is L-shaped, the fixture block is hinged to the end part of the long arm of the bent arm clamp, and the end parts of every two short arms of the bent arm clamp are symmetrically fixed on the two sides of the isolation support plate;
the upper electrode connecting copper bar is fixed in the middle of the upper end of a space formed by the bent arm clamp and the isolation supporting plate;
the lower electrode connecting copper bar is fixed at the bottom of the heating box and corresponds to the upper electrode connecting copper bar;
the input end of the controller is connected with an external power supply, and the output end of the controller is electrically connected with the upper electrode connecting copper bar and the lower electrode connecting copper bar.
The utility model discloses utilize and go up the carry anchor clamps and press from both sides graphite electrode between last electrode connection copper bar and bottom electrode connection copper bar, realize graphite electrode's circular telegram, controller control voltage and electric current become the low-voltage electricity of 0-24V with 380V's voltage, 0-3000A's electric current, with the resistance that graphite positive pole self exists, add 0-24V's low-voltage alternating current at anodal both ends, the circular telegram back positive pole generates heat, makes the positive pole temperature rise, reaches the effect to the positive pole heating. The utility model discloses heat more than 800 ℃ with graphite electrode short circuit in 2-8min, on new graphite electrode changed the electrolytic furnace like this, can not cause the great fluctuation of furnace temperature, especially meet two new graphite electrodes of same electrolytic furnace change simultaneously and be of value to the normal of maintaining the furnace condition more.
The utility model has simple structure, reduced equipment investment, energy conservation, no influence on the condition of the electrolytic furnace, increased electrolytic efficiency of the electrolytic furnace, prolonged effective electrolytic time of the electrolytic furnace, and improved production efficiency by 8-15%.
Further, the heating box comprises an outer layer frame, an insulating layer and a fire-resistant layer;
the outer layer frame is fixed on the base;
the heat insulation layer is arranged between the outer layer frame and the fire-resistant layer, and the lower electrode connecting copper bar is fixed on the fire-resistant layer.
Further, the fire-resistant layer is a carbon steel lining fire-resistant material with the thickness of 1-15 cm.
The utility model adopts the above technical scheme can provide a stable spatial structure through outer frame through the heating cabinet, and the flame retardant coating can effectually prevent that graphite electrode heating from to the scaling loss of heating cabinet structure, and the heating cabinet inside temperature can be guaranteed to the heat preservation, prevents that the heat from running off, guarantees graphite electrode's temperature.
Further, the controller comprises a power switch, a transformer, a voltage controller, a current controller, a temperature sensor, a display screen and a singlechip;
the input end of the power switch is electrically connected with an external power supply;
the output end of the power switch is electrically connected with the input end of the transformer;
the output end of the transformer is connected with the voltage controller in parallel and is connected with the current controller in series; the output ends of the voltage controller and the current controller are electrically connected with the upper electrode connecting copper bar, and the upper electrode connecting copper bar is electrically connected with the graphite electrode;
the temperature sensor is arranged on the graphite electrode;
the single chip microcomputer is in communication connection with the power switch, the voltage controller, the current controller, the temperature sensor and the display screen respectively.
The utility model adopts the above technical scheme can pass through single chip microcomputer control voltage controller, current controller, and the singlechip has reached corresponding heat time and temperature according to heating demand difference adjustment voltage and electric current, obtains graphite electrode temperature through temperature sensor measurement promptly when reaching corresponding temperature, and then breaks off through single chip microcomputer control switch, the stop heating. The automation degree is higher, and the heating is safer.
Further, still include the handle, the handle is fixed in the one end of base, display screen and singlechip are fixed on the handle.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that the base and the whole heater can be conveniently moved by the handle, and the graphite electrode can be conveniently replaced; and the display screen and the single chip microcomputer are fixed on the handle, so that the heating process can be conveniently controlled and checked.
The electrode clamping device further comprises a feeding port for placing an electrode, wherein the feeding port corresponds to the direction of a clamping block of the bent arm clamp;
the pan feeding mouth is for seting up the baffle of connecting is rotated through the pivot to the heating tank wall, the one end fixedly connected with that the pivot was kept away from to the baffle is used for the fixed block of locking the baffle, the latch segment that fixedly connected with and fixed block correspond on the heating tank outer wall, sliding on the latch segment is inserted and is equipped with the kelly, be equipped with the bayonet socket that corresponds with the kelly on the fixed block, the kelly keeps away from the one end fixedly connected with stopper of fixed block.
The utility model adopts the above technical scheme can make things convenient for putting into and taking out the heating cabinet of graphite electrode more, and it is more convenient to use.
Further, still include the protection casing, the protection casing with an outer wall hinge joint of heating cabinet top, the protection casing adopts the wire net of aperture 0.5mm to make.
The utility model adopts the above technical scheme on add the safety cover on the heating cabinet, prevented that graphite electrode and the inside mistake of heating cabinet from touching the scald, or the graphite electrode heating in-process can appear exploding and splitting, lead to the problem of incident.
Furthermore, the gyro wheel includes two universal wheels and two directive wheels that homonymy was arranged that the homonymy was arranged, be equipped with the locking device on the directive wheel.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model has reasonable structure design, the graphite electrode can be conveniently placed and taken out, and the whole heating device is convenient to move, thereby being convenient for replacing the graphite electrode;
the utility model discloses degree of automation is higher, can automatic control heating process to rate of heating is fast, and the heat time is 2-8min, simple structure reduces the equipment investment, and is energy-conserving, does not influence the electrolytic furnace condition, makes electrolytic furnace electrolytic efficiency increase, and the effectual electrolysis time of electrolytic furnace increases, and production efficiency has improved 8-15% on average.
The utility model discloses factor of safety is high, can not produce the safety problem, uses more reliably.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall external structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the integral heating box of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heating box of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the controller of the present invention;
wherein, in the figure: the device comprises a base 1, a roller 11, a heating box 2, an outer frame 21, a heat-insulating layer 22, a fire-resistant layer 23, an upper mounting fixture 3, a support plate 31, a bent arm clamp 32, a clamping block 33, an upper electrode connecting copper bar 4, a lower electrode connecting copper bar 5, a controller 6, a power switch 61, a transformer 62, a voltage controller 63, a current controller 64, a temperature sensor 65, a display screen 66, a single-chip microcomputer 67, a rotating shaft 71, a baffle 72, a protective cover 8, a handle 9, a locking block 12, a clamping rod 13 and a limiting block 14.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4: a movable graphite electrode electric heater comprises a base 1, a heating box 2, an upper mounting clamp 3 for placing a graphite electrode, an upper electrode connecting copper bar 4, a lower electrode connecting copper bar 5 and a controller 6 for controlling the on-off of a power supply and the current and voltage;
the lower end of the base 1 is fixed with a roller 11;
the heating box 2 is fixed on the base 1;
the upper mounting clamp 3 comprises an isolation support plate 31, a bent arm clamp 32 and a clamping block 33; at least one isolation support plate 31 is vertically fixed in the heating box 2, the bent arm clamps 32 are L-shaped, the fixture blocks 33 are hinged to the end parts of the long arms of the bent arm clamps 32, and the end parts of the short arms of every two bent arm clamps 32 are symmetrically fixed on the two sides of the isolation support plate 31;
the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4 is fixed in the middle of the upper end of the space formed by the bent arm clamp 32 and the isolation support plate 31:
the lower electrode connecting copper bar 5 is fixed at the bottom of the heating box 2 and corresponds to the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4;
the input end of the controller 6 is connected with an external power supply, and the output end of the controller 6 is electrically connected with the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4 and the lower electrode connecting copper bar 5.
In the embodiment, the graphite electrode is clamped between the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4 and the lower electrode connecting copper bar 5 by using the upper mounting fixture 3, so that the graphite electrode is electrified, the controller 6 controls the voltage and the current to change the voltage of 380V into the low voltage of 0-24V and the current of 0-3000A, the resistance of the graphite anode is used, the low voltage alternating current of 0-24V is added at two ends of the anode, and the anode is heated after being electrified, so that the temperature of the anode is increased, and the effect of heating the anode is achieved. The utility model discloses heat more than 800 ℃ with graphite electrode short circuit in 2-8min, on new graphite electrode changed the electrolytic furnace like this, can not cause the great fluctuation of furnace temperature, especially meet two new graphite electrodes of same electrolytic furnace change simultaneously and be of value to the normal of maintaining the furnace condition more.
The embodiment has simple structure, reduces equipment investment, saves energy, does not influence the furnace condition of the electrolytic furnace, increases the electrolytic efficiency of the electrolytic furnace, prolongs the effective electrolytic time of the electrolytic furnace, and improves the production efficiency by 8-15 percent on average.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the heating box 2 includes an outer frame 21, an insulating layer 22, and a refractory layer 23;
the outer frame 21 is fixed on the base 1;
the heat-insulating layer 22 is arranged between the outer layer frame 21 and the fire-resistant layer 23, and the lower electrode connecting copper bar 5 is fixed on the fire-resistant layer 23.
In this example, the refractory layer 23 is a carbon steel lined refractory material having a thickness of 8 cm.
In other embodiments, the refractory layer 23 is a carbon steel lined refractory material having a thickness of 1-15 cm.
This embodiment adopts above technical scheme to provide a stable spatial structure through outer frame 21 through heating cabinet 2, and flame retardant coating 23 can effectually prevent that graphite electrode heating from to the loss of burning of heating cabinet 2 structure, and heating cabinet 2 internal temperature can be guaranteed to heat preservation 22, prevents that the heat from running off, guarantees graphite electrode's temperature.
As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the controller 6 includes a power switch 61, a transformer 62, a voltage controller 63, a current controller 64, a temperature sensor 65, a display screen 66 and a single chip 67;
the input end of the power switch 61 is electrically connected with an external power supply;
the output end of the power switch 61 is electrically connected with the input end of the transformer 62;
the output end of the transformer 62 is connected with the voltage controller 63 in parallel and connected with the current controller 64 in series; the output end of the voltage controller 63 and the output end of the current controller 64 are electrically connected with the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4, and the upper electrode connecting copper bar 4 is electrically connected with the graphite electrode;
the temperature sensor 65 is arranged on the graphite electrode;
the singlechip 67 is respectively connected with the power switch 61, the voltage controller 63, the current controller 64, the temperature sensor 65 and the display screen 66 in a communication way.
According to the technical scheme, the voltage controller 63 and the current controller 64 can be controlled by the single chip microcomputer 67, the single chip microcomputer 67 adjusts the voltage and the current respectively according to heating requirements to reach corresponding heating time and temperature, the temperature of the graphite electrode is measured through the temperature sensor 65 when the corresponding temperature is reached, the power switch 61 is controlled by the single chip microcomputer 67 to be switched off, and heating is stopped. The automation degree is higher, and the heating is safer.
The specific type of the single chip microcomputer 67 provides a TMS370 universal single chip microcomputer for Texas instruments, and the TMS370 series single chip microcomputer is an 8-bit CMOS single chip microcomputer, has various storage modes and various peripheral interface modes, and is suitable for complex real-time control occasions.
In this embodiment, still include handle 9, handle 9 is fixed in the one end of base 1, and display screen 66 and singlechip 67 are fixed on handle 9.
By adopting the technical scheme, the base 1 and the whole heater can be conveniently moved through the handle 9, and the graphite electrode can be conveniently replaced; and the display screen 66 and the singlechip 67 are fixed on the handle 9 to facilitate the control and check of the heating process.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the electrode clamp further includes a feeding port for placing an electrode, and the feeding port corresponds to the direction of the block 33 of the curved-arm clamp 32;
the pan feeding mouth is offered and is rotated the baffle 72 of connecting through pivot 71 at heating cabinet 2 wall, and the one end fixedly connected with that pivot 71 is kept away from to baffle 72 is used for locking baffle 72 fixed block 73, and fixedly connected with and the latch segment 12 that fixed block 73 corresponds on heating cabinet 2 outer wall, and the slip is inserted on latch segment 12 and is equipped with kelly 13, is equipped with the bayonet socket that corresponds with kelly 13 on the fixed block 73, and the one end fixedly connected with stopper 14 of fixed block 73 is kept away from to kelly 13.
This embodiment adopts above technical scheme can make things convenient for putting into and taking out heating cabinet 2 of graphite electrode more, and it is more convenient to use.
In this embodiment, still include protection casing 8, protection casing 8 is articulated with an outer wall in heating cabinet 2 top, and protection casing 8 adopts the wire net of aperture 0.5mm to make.
This embodiment adopts above technical scheme to add safety cover 8 on heating cabinet 2, has prevented that graphite electrode and 2 inside mistake touch scalds of heating cabinet, or the graphite electrode heating in-process can appear exploding and splitting, leads to the problem of incident.
In this embodiment, the roller 11 includes two universal wheels arranged on the same side and two directional wheels arranged on the same side, and the directional wheels are provided with locking devices.
The structure of the embodiment is reasonable in design, the graphite electrode is convenient to place and take out, and the whole heating device is convenient to move and replace the graphite electrode;
the automatic degree of this embodiment is higher, can automatic control heating process to rate of heating is fast, and the heat time is 5min, and simple structure reduces the equipment investment, and is energy-conserving, does not influence the electrolytic furnace condition, makes electrolytic furnace electrolytic efficiency increase, and the effectual electrolysis time of electrolytic furnace increases, and production efficiency has improved 12% on average.
This embodiment factor of safety is high, can not produce the safety problem, uses more reliably.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.