CN209666815U - Hybrid electric drive system and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of hybrid electric drive system, including engine, first axle, planet row, first clutch, second clutch, brake apparatus, generator, the second axis, brake, first gear, second gear, third gear, third axis, driving motor, the 4th axis, the 4th gear and differential mechanism.The structure of the hybrid electric drive system is simpler, has multiple-working mode, and hardware and software platform is good.The utility model also provides a kind of vehicle with the hybrid electric drive system.

Description

Hybrid drive systems and vehicles

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a hybrid drive system and a vehicle with the hybrid drive system.

Background technique

At present, there are two main types of transmissions on the market: stepped transmissions and continuously variable transmissions. Stepped transmissions are subdivided into manual and automatic. Most of them provide a limited number of discrete output and input speed ratios through different meshing arrangements of gear trains or planetary gear trains. The adjustment of the speed of the driving wheel between two adjacent speed ratios is This is achieved by means of speed changes of the internal combustion engine. Continuously variable transmission, whether mechanical, hydraulic or electromechanical, can provide an infinite number of continuously selectable speed ratios within a certain speed range. It can work in the best speed range as much as possible. Compared with the stepped transmission, the continuously variable transmission has many advantages such as smooth speed regulation and the ability to make full use of the maximum power of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, the continuously variable transmission has been the research object of engineers from various countries for many years.

In recent years, the birth of electric motor hybrid technology has opened up a new way to realize the complete matching of power between the internal combustion engine and the power wheel. Among the many powertrain design schemes, the most representative ones are series hybrid system and parallel hybrid system. In the series hybrid system, the internal combustion engine, generator, electric motor, shafting, and driving wheels form a series power chain, and the powertrain structure is extremely simple. Among them, the combination of generator and motor can be regarded as a transmission in the traditional sense. When used in conjunction with energy storage devices such as batteries and capacitors, the transmission can be used as an energy regulation device to complete independent regulation of speed and torque.

A parallel hybrid system has two parallel independent power trains. One consists of a traditional mechanical transmission, and the other consists of a motor and battery system. The mechanical transmission is responsible for adjusting the speed, while the motor and battery system are responsible for adjusting the power or torque. In order to give full play to the potential of the entire system, the mechanical transmission also needs to adopt a continuously variable speed change method.

The advantage of the series hybrid system lies in its simple structure and flexible layout, but all the power passes through the generator and the motor, so the motor has high power requirements, large volume and heavy weight. At the same time, since the energy transmission process undergoes two electromechanical and motor conversions, the efficiency of the entire system is low. In a parallel hybrid system, only part of the power passes through the motor system, so the power requirements for the motor are relatively low, and the overall system efficiency is high. However, the parallel hybrid system requires two independent subsystems, which is expensive and usually only used in weak hybrid systems.

Utility model content

In view of this, the utility model provides a hybrid driving system, which has a relatively simple structure, has multiple working modes, and has a good platform.

The utility model provides a hybrid drive system, which includes an engine, a first shaft, a planetary row, a first clutch, a second clutch, a braking device, a generator, a second shaft, a brake, a first gear, a second gear, The third gear, the third shaft, the driving motor, the fourth shaft, the fourth gear and the differential; where:

The engine is connected to the first shaft, the generator is connected to the second shaft, and the drive motor is connected to the fourth shaft;

The first shaft and the second shaft are arranged coaxially, the engine and the generator are connected through the planetary row, and the planetary row includes a planetary carrier, a sun gear, a planetary gear and a ring gear, and the planetary carrier is fixed on the first shaft , the sun gear is fixed on the second shaft;

The first gear is loosely fitted on the first shaft, the second gear is fixed on the third shaft, and the second gear meshes with the first gear;

The third gear is fixed on the third shaft, the fourth gear is fixed on the fourth shaft, one of the fourth gear and the differential meshes with the second gear, and the other meshes with the third gear ;

The braking device is used to brake the planet carrier, the brake is used to brake the sun gear, the first clutch is used to combine the planet carrier and the ring gear, and the second clutch is used to combine the first gear and the ring gear.

Further, the fourth gear meshes with the second gear, and the differential gear meshes with the third gear.

Further, the differential meshes with the second gear, and the fourth gear meshes with the third gear.

Further, the braking device is a one-way clutch, and the one-way clutch is installed on the first shaft.

Further, the braking device is a brake.

Further, the first shaft is the output shaft of the engine, the second shaft is the output shaft of the generator, and the fourth shaft is the output shaft of the drive motor.

Further, the hybrid drive system further includes a power battery, and the power battery is electrically connected to the generator and the driving motor respectively.

Further, the hybrid drive system has a single-motor pure electric mode, a dual-motor pure electric mode, an ECVT drive mode, an engine direct drive mode with two gears, and a series range-extending mode.

The utility model also provides a vehicle, including the above-mentioned hybrid drive system.

The hybrid drive system provided by the embodiment of the utility model mainly has the following advantages:

1. The overall structure of the drive system is relatively simple, and can realize single-motor pure electric mode, dual-motor pure electric mode, ECVT drive mode, two-gear engine direct drive mode, series extended range mode, and parking power generation, braking Kinetic energy recovery and other working modes, with strong flexibility;

2. The engine and generator of the drive system are connected through a planetary row, the speed ratio is adjustable, and the speed ratio range is large, which can reduce the volume of the generator;

3. During the switching process of each mode, the drive motor participates in the drive, and there is no power interruption;

4. The drive system can cover HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle) models and PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) models, and the platform is good;

5. The engine speed of the drive system is not limited by the maximum relative speed of the clutch.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid drive system in the first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the drive system working in a single-motor pure electric mode.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the drive system working in a dual-motor pure electric mode.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the drive system working in ECVT mode.

5-6 are schematic diagrams of the drive system working in the engine direct drive mode.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the driving system working in the serial range-extending mode.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the drive system working in the parking power generating mode.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid drive system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid drive system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model clearer, the implementation of the utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

first embodiment

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid drive system in the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the hybrid drive system of this embodiment includes an engine 1, a first shaft 2, a planetary row, a first clutch 7, a second clutch 8, a braking device 9, a generator 10, a second shaft 11, A brake 12 , a first gear 13 , a second gear 14 , a third gear 15 , a third shaft 16 , a drive motor 17 , a fourth shaft 18 , a fourth gear 19 and a differential 20 . Wherein, the planet row includes a planet carrier 3 , a sun gear 4 , a planet gear 5 and a ring gear 6 .

The engine 1 is connected to the first shaft 2 , the generator 10 is connected to the second shaft 11 , and the driving motor 17 is connected to the fourth shaft 18 . Specifically, the first shaft 2 is the output shaft of the engine 1 , the second shaft 11 is the output shaft of the generator 10 , and the fourth shaft 18 is the output shaft of the driving motor 17 . The engine 1 can be a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, and the generator 10 and the driving motor 17 can be an integrated machine for driving and generating.

The first shaft 2 and the second shaft 11 are coaxially arranged, the engine 1 and the generator 10 are connected through a planetary row, and the driving motor 17 is coupled with the power of the engine 1 and the generator 10 through fixed shaft gears.

Specifically, the planet carrier 3 is fixed on the first shaft 2 , so that the engine 1 is connected with the planet carrier 3 . The sun gear 4 is fixed on the second shaft 11 so that the generator 10 is connected with the sun gear 4 .

The first gear 13 is sleeved on the first shaft 2 , the second gear 14 is fixed on the third shaft 16 , and the second gear 14 meshes with the first gear 13 .

The third gear 15 is fixed on the third shaft 16 , and the fourth gear 19 is fixed on the fourth shaft 18 . In this embodiment, the fourth gear 19 meshes with the second gear 14 , and the differential 20 meshes with the third gear 15 .

The drive system includes a braking device 9 , a brake 12 , a first clutch 7 and a second clutch 8 .

The braking device 9 is for braking the planetary carrier 3 of the planetary row. When the braking device 9 brakes the planet carrier 3, the planet carrier 3 is braked and cannot rotate.

The brake 12 serves to brake the sun gear 8 of the planetary row. When the brake 12 brakes the sun gear 8, the sun gear 8 is braked and cannot rotate.

The first clutch 7 is for coupling the planetary carrier 3 and the ring gear 6 . When the first clutch 7 is engaged, the planetary carrier 3 and the ring gear 6 are locked together, and at this time the entire planetary row rotates as a whole, and the speed ratio is 1.

The second clutch 8 is for coupling the first gear 13 and the ring gear 6 . When the second clutch 8 is engaged, the first gear 13 and the ring gear 6 are locked together, at this moment, the power of the engine 1 and the generator 10 can be output to the wheel end through the first gear 13 .

In this embodiment, the braking device 9 is specifically a one-way clutch, and the one-way clutch is mounted on the first shaft 2 . When the engine 1 works and drives the first shaft 2 to rotate in the forward direction, the one-way clutch does not brake the first shaft 2 (that is, it does not work); however, when the engine 1 does not work and the first shaft 2 is driven to have a reverse When turning, the one-way clutch works and brakes the first shaft 2.

Further, the hybrid drive system further includes a power battery (not shown in the figure), and the power battery is electrically connected to the generator 10 and the drive motor 17 respectively. The power battery can provide driving electric energy for the generator 10 and the driving motor 17, and the electric energy generated when the generator 10 and the driving motor 17 are driven to rotate can also be stored in the power battery.

The drive system mainly includes an engine 1, a generator 10, a drive motor 17, two clutches (7, 8), a brake 12, a brake device 9, a planetary row (3, 4, 5, 6) and shaft teeth system etc. The drive system can realize single-motor pure electric mode, dual-motor pure electric mode, ECVT drive mode, engine direct drive mode with two gears, series range extension mode, and multiple working modes such as parking power generation and braking energy recovery. .

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the drive system working in a single-motor pure electric mode, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the drive system working in a dual-motor pure electric mode. When the battery power is sufficient, the whole vehicle can run in pure electric mode, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.

Fig. 2 is a single-motor pure electric mode, at this moment the first clutch 7 and the second clutch 8 are all disconnected, the braking device 9 and the brake 12 are not working, and the engine 1 and the electric motor 10 are not working. The power is transmitted to the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the third gear 15, the differential 20, and finally to the wheel end by the driving motor 17 through the fourth shaft 18 and the fourth gear 19.

Figure 3 is the dual-motor pure electric mode. At this time, the second clutch 8 is engaged, the first clutch 7 is disconnected, the brake 12 does not work, the braking device 9 brakes the first shaft 2 and the planetary carrier 3, and the engine 1 does not work . There are two paths for power transmission. The first path is transmitted from the generator 10 to the first gear 13 through the second shaft 11, the sun gear 4, the planetary gear 5, the ring gear 6, and the second clutch 8, and then through the first gear 13. To the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the third gear 15, the differential 20, and finally to the wheel end; the path two is transmitted to the second gear 14, the second gear by the drive motor 17 through the fourth shaft 18, the fourth gear 19 The third shaft 16, the third gear 15, the differential 20, and finally to the wheel end.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the driving system working in ECVT mode, at this time, the second clutch 8 is engaged, the first clutch 7 is disconnected, and neither the braking device 9 nor the brake 12 is working. In ECVT mode, the power of the engine 1 is divided into two parts through the planetary row. A part of the engine power drives the generator 10 to generate electricity through the sun gear 4 and the second shaft 11 to charge the power battery. The other part of the engine power passes through the ring gear 6 and the second shaft 11. The second clutch 8, the first gear 13, the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the third gear 15, and the differential 20 are transmitted to the wheel ends to drive the vehicle. In addition, the power of the driving motor 17 is transmitted to the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the third gear 15, the differential 20 through the fourth shaft 18 and the fourth gear 19, and finally to the wheel end.

5-6 are schematic diagrams of the drive system working in the engine direct drive mode.

Fig. 5 is a medium-speed engine direct drive mode, at this moment the first clutch 7 and the second clutch 8 are both engaged, and the braking device 9 and the brake 12 are not working. Since the first clutch 7 locks the planetary carrier 3 and the ring gear 6 together, the entire planetary row rotates as a whole, and the speed ratio is 1. The engine 1 is transmitted to the wheel end to drive the vehicle in the form of mechanical power, that is, the power is transmitted from the engine 1 to the first gear 13 through the first shaft 2, the planetary row (3, 4, 5, 6), and the second clutch 8, and then through the The first gear 13 transmits to the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the third gear 15, the differential 20 and finally to the wheel ends. In the medium-speed engine direct drive mode, if the required power of the whole vehicle is low, part of the engine power can drive the drive motor 17 to generate electricity through the fourth gear 19 and the fourth shaft 18, and convert it into electric power and store it in the battery; When the power is high, the battery is discharged, and the electric power is converted into mechanical power via the drive motor 17 and output to the wheel end to drive the vehicle, that is, the drive motor 17 passes through the fourth shaft 18, the fourth gear 19, the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the The three gears 15 and the differential gear 20 are transmitted to the wheel ends, and the engine direct drive mode is changed to the hybrid power mode one at this moment.

Fig. 6 is a high-speed engine direct drive mode, at this time the second clutch 8 is engaged, the first clutch 7 is disconnected, the braking device 9 is not working, and the brake 12 brakes the second shaft 11 and the sun gear 4. The engine 1 is transmitted to the wheel end to drive the vehicle in the form of mechanical power, that is, the power is transmitted from the engine 1 to the first gear 13 through the first shaft 2, the planet carrier 3, the planetary gear 5, the ring gear 6, and the second clutch 8, and then through the The first gear 13 transmits to the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the third gear 15, the differential 20 and finally to the wheel ends. In the high-speed engine direct drive mode, if the required power of the whole vehicle is low, a part of the engine power can drive the drive motor 17 to generate electricity through the fourth gear 19 and the fourth shaft 18, and convert it into electric power and store it in the battery; if the required power of the whole vehicle When high, the battery discharges, and the electric power is converted into mechanical power via the drive motor 17 and output to the wheel end to drive the vehicle, that is, the drive motor 17 passes through the fourth shaft 18, the fourth gear 19, the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the third The gear 15 and the differential gear 20 are delivered to the wheel end, and the direct drive mode of the engine is changed into the hybrid power mode two at this moment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the drive system working in the series range-extending mode. At this time, the first clutch 7 is engaged, the second clutch 8 is disconnected, and neither the braking device 9 nor the brake 12 is working. Since the first clutch 7 locks the planetary carrier 3 and the ring gear 6 together, the entire planetary row rotates as a whole, and the speed ratio is 1. There are two paths for power transmission. The first path is transmitted from the engine 1 to the generator 10 through the first shaft 2, the planetary row (3, 4, 5, 6), and the second shaft 11 to generate electricity and charge the power battery; the second path is The drive motor 17 transmits to the second gear 14, the third shaft 16, the third gear 15, the differential 20 through the fourth shaft 18 and the fourth gear 19, and finally to the wheel end.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the drive system working in the parking power generation mode. At this time, the first clutch 7 is engaged, the second clutch 8 is disconnected, and neither the braking device 9 nor the brake 12 is working. Since the first clutch 7 locks the planetary carrier 3 and the ring gear 6 together, the entire planetary row rotates as a whole, and the speed ratio is 1. The power is transmitted from the engine 1 to the generator 10 through the first shaft 2, the planetary row (3, 4, 5, 6) and the second shaft 11 to generate electricity and charge the power battery.

In addition, when the car brakes, the drive motor generates braking torque to brake the wheels, and at the same time, an induced current will be generated in the motor winding to charge the battery to realize the recovery of braking energy.

The drive system of this embodiment can realize single-motor pure electric mode, dual-motor pure electric mode, ECVT drive mode, engine direct drive mode with two gears, series extended range mode, parking power generation, braking energy recovery, etc. A variety of working modes can automatically switch between different modes according to the SOC (remaining power) value of the power battery and the vehicle speed requirements. For example, judging the relationship between the SOC value of the power battery and the first threshold, or judging the relationship between the SOC value of the power battery and the first threshold and the relationship between the vehicle speed and the second threshold at the same time; Operating mode. It should be noted that the first threshold is used to determine the level of the SOC value of the power battery, and the second threshold is used to determine the level of the vehicle speed. This embodiment does not limit the value ranges of the first threshold and the second threshold. The control strategy can be set freely. Under different control strategies, the values of the first threshold and the second threshold are different. After the first threshold and the second threshold are set, it is automatically judged and automatically switched between various modes according to the judgment result.

The above-mentioned various working modes are specifically shown in the table as follows:

In terms of power adjustment, the drive system can effectively supplement the driving power required by the power wheels through the power battery, so as to allocate the power of the internal combustion engine more reasonably, keep the working state of the engine from being affected or less affected by road conditions, and the engine can always work In the best state of setting to improve the efficiency of the vehicle.

Therefore, the drive system mainly has the following advantages:

1. The overall structure of the drive system is relatively simple, and can realize single-motor pure electric mode, dual-motor pure electric mode, ECVT drive mode, two-gear engine direct drive mode, series extended range mode, and parking power generation, braking Kinetic energy recovery and other working modes, with strong flexibility;

2. The engine and generator of the drive system are connected through a planetary row, the speed ratio is adjustable, and the speed ratio range is large, which can reduce the volume of the generator;

3. During the switching process of each mode, the drive motor participates in the drive, and there is no power interruption;

4. The drive system can cover HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle) models and PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) models, and the platform is good;

5. The engine speed of the drive system is not limited by the maximum relative speed of the clutch.

second embodiment

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid drive system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 9, the hybrid drive system of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the above-mentioned first embodiment. The third gear 15 meshes.

For other structures and working modes of this embodiment, reference may be made to the above-mentioned first embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

third embodiment

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid drive system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10 , the hybrid drive system of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the above-mentioned first embodiment, the only difference is that in this embodiment, the braking device 9 is specifically a brake. In the dual-motor pure electric mode, the engine 1 does not work, but the generator 10 outputs power. At this time, the brake works and brakes the first shaft 2 and the planet carrier 3, while in other modes, the brake does not work ( That is, the first shaft 2 and the planet carrier 3 are not braked).

For other structures and working modes of this embodiment, reference may be made to the above-mentioned first embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

Further, the utility model also provides a vehicle, including the above-mentioned hybrid drive system.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in this utility model. within the scope of protection of utility models.

Claims (9)

1. A hybrid drive system, characterized in that it comprises an engine (1), a first shaft (2), a planetary row, a first clutch (7), a second clutch (8), a braking device (9), Generator (10), second shaft (11), brake (12), first gear (13), second gear (14), third gear (15), third shaft (16), driving motor (17 ), the fourth shaft (18), the fourth gear (19) and the differential (20); wherein: The engine (1) is connected to the first shaft (2), the generator (10) is connected to the second shaft (11), and the drive motor (17) is connected to the fourth shaft (18); The first shaft (2) and the second shaft (11) are coaxially arranged, the engine (1) and the generator (10) are connected through the planetary row, and the planetary row includes a planet carrier (3), a sun gear ( 4), the planetary gear (5) and the ring gear (6), the planet carrier (3) is fixed on the first shaft (2), and the sun gear (4) is fixed on the second shaft (11); The first gear (13) is sleeved on the first shaft (2), the second gear (14) is fixed on the third shaft (16), the second gear (14) and the first gear (13) Engage; The third gear (15) is fixed on the third shaft (16), the fourth gear (19) is fixed on the fourth shaft (18), the fourth gear (19) and the differential (20) One of them meshes with the second gear (14), and the other meshes with the third gear (15); The brake device (9) is used to brake the planet carrier (3), the brake (12) is used to brake the sun gear (4), and the first clutch (7) is used to combine the planet carrier (3) With the ring gear (6), the second clutch (8) is used to combine the first gear (13) with the ring gear (6). 2. The hybrid drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fourth gear (19) meshes with the second gear (14), the differential (20) meshes with the third gear (15) engage. 3. The hybrid drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the differential (20) meshes with the second gear (14), the fourth gear (19) meshes with the third gear (15) engage. 4. The hybrid drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the braking device (9) is a one-way clutch mounted on the first shaft (2). 5. The hybrid drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the braking device (9) is a brake. 6. The hybrid drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first shaft (2) is the output shaft of the engine (1), and the second shaft (11) is the output shaft of the generator (10). Output shaft, the fourth shaft (18) is the output shaft of the drive motor (17). 7. The hybrid drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the hybrid drive system further comprises a power battery, and the power battery is electrically connected to the generator (10) and the drive motor (17) respectively. 8. The hybrid drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the hybrid drive system has a single-motor pure electric mode, a dual-motor pure electric mode, an ECVT drive mode, an engine direct-drive mode with two gears, and Series range extender mode. 9. A vehicle, characterized by comprising the hybrid drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.